scripts/audit_resource_sources.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Audit exported resource rows against local files and external source metadata."""

from __future__ import annotations

import argparse
import concurrent.futures as futures
import csv
import html
import json
import re
import ssl
import subprocess
import sys
import time
import urllib.error
import urllib.request
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from html.parser import HTMLParser
from pathlib import Path
from urllib.parse import urldefrag, urlencode, urlparse


ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
RESOURCES_CSV = ROOT / "data" / "resources.csv"
AUDIT_CSV = ROOT / "data" / "resource_source_audit.csv"
ARXIV_PUBLICATION_AUDIT = ROOT / "data" / "arxiv_publication_audit.csv"
REPO_BLOB_URL = "https://github.com/ChaoYue0307/awesome-loop-engineering/blob/main"
PROJECT_GITHUB_REPO = "chaoyue0307/awesome-loop-engineering"

ARXIV_RE = re.compile(r"arxiv\.org/(?:abs|pdf)/(?P<id>\d{4}\.\d{4,5})(?:v\d+)?")
YEAR_RE = re.compile(r"(?<!\d)(?P<year>19\d{2}|20\d{2})(?!\d)")
ISO_DATE_RE = re.compile(r"(?P<year>19\d{2}|20\d{2})[-/](?P<month>\d{1,2})[-/](?P<day>\d{1,2})")

ATOM_NS = "{http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom}"
ARXIV_NS = "{http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom}"

PUBLISHER_BY_DOMAIN = {
    "adk.dev": "Google Agent Development Kit",
    "arxiv.org": "arXiv",
    "github.com": "GitHub",
    "anthropic.com": "Anthropic",
    "claude.com": "Anthropic",
    "crewai.com": "CrewAI",
    "openai.com": "OpenAI",
    "huggingface.co": "Hugging Face",
    "langchain.com": "LangChain",
    "microsoft.com": "Microsoft",
    "google.com": "Google",
    "googleblog.com": "Google",
    "aws.amazon.com": "Amazon Web Services",
    "amazon.com": "Amazon",
    "preprints.org": "Preprints.org",
    "ainowinstitute.org": "AI Now Institute",
    "medium.com": "Medium",
    "substack.com": "Substack",
    "strandsagents.com": "Strands Agents",
    "x.com": "X",
    "youtube.com": "YouTube",
    "aclanthology.org": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    "iclr.cc": "International Conference on Learning Representations",
    "icml.cc": "International Conference on Machine Learning",
    "openreview.net": "OpenReview",
    "papers.nips.cc": "Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation",
    "proceedings.mlr.press": "Proceedings of Machine Learning Research",
    "proceedings.neurips.cc": "Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation",
}

PUBLICATION_OVERRIDES = {
    "https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/demystifying-evals-for-ai-agents": {
        "authors": "Mikaela Grace; Jeremy Hadfield; Rodrigo Olivares; Jiri De Jonghe",
        "publication_date": "2026-01-09",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Anthropic Engineering",
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline and dateline on anthropic.com/engineering; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/AI-resistant-technical-evaluations": {
        "authors": "Tristan Hume",
        "publication_date": "2026-01-21",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Anthropic Engineering",
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline and dateline on anthropic.com/engineering; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/infrastructure-noise": {
        "authors": "Gian Segato",
        "publication_date": "2026-02-05",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Anthropic Engineering",
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline and dateline on anthropic.com/engineering; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/building-c-compiler": {
        "authors": "Nicholas Carlini",
        "publication_date": "2026-02-05",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Anthropic Engineering",
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline and dateline on anthropic.com/engineering; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/eval-awareness-browsecomp": {
        "authors": "Russell Coleman",
        "publication_date": "2026-03-06",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Anthropic Engineering",
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline and dateline on anthropic.com/engineering; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/harness-design-long-running-apps": {
        "authors": "Prithvi Rajasekaran",
        "publication_date": "2026-03-24",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Anthropic Engineering",
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline and dateline on anthropic.com/engineering; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/claude-code-auto-mode": {
        "authors": "John Hughes",
        "publication_date": "2026-03-25",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Anthropic Engineering",
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline and dateline on anthropic.com/engineering; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/managed-agents": {
        "authors": "Lance Martin; Gabe Cemaj; Michael Cohen",
        "publication_date": "2026-04-08",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Anthropic Engineering",
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline and dateline on anthropic.com/engineering; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/april-23-postmortem": {
        "authors": "Anthropic",
        "publication_date": "2026-04-23",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Anthropic Engineering",
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline and dateline on anthropic.com/engineering; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://www.diagrid.io/blog/checkpoints-are-not-durable-execution-why-langgraph-crewai-google-adk-and-others-fall-short-for-production-agent-workflows": {
        "authors": "Yaron Schneider",
        "publication_date": "2026-02-25",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publisher": "Diagrid",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline on diagrid.io; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://zenity.io/blog/current-events/ai-agent-database-deletion-pocketos": {
        "authors": "Chris Hughes",
        "publication_date": "2026-04-28",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publisher": "Zenity",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the post's own byline on zenity.io; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "https://ainowinstitute.org/publications/friendly-fire-exploit-brief": {
        "authors": "Boyan Milanov",
        "publication_date": "2026-07-08",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "AI Now Institute",
        "publisher": "AI Now Institute",
        "publication_note": "Author and date read from the publication's own article:published_time and author meta tags; kept in code because automatic resolution falls back to the domain for this host.",
        "metadata_source": "publisher-meta",
    },
    "gallery/loop-graph-reference.md": {
        "authors": "Lingjiao Chen; Matei Zaharia; Jack Clark; Christopher Re; Chelsea Finn; Ion Stoica",
        "publication_date": "2026",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_note": "Author list transcribed from the manuscript screenshot supplied with the gallery reference; kept in code so audit regeneration preserves it.",
        "metadata_source": "repository",
    },
    "https://openreview.net/forum?id=HyzdRiR9Y7": {
        "authors": "Mostafa Dehghani; Stephan Gouws; Oriol Vinyals; Jakob Uszkoreit; Łukasz Kaiser",
        "publication_date": "2019",
        "publication_year": "2019",
        "publication_venue": "International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)",
        "publisher": "OpenReview",
        "publication_note": "Published at ICLR 2019; venue and authors verified from the official OpenReview record.",
        "metadata_source": "OpenReview",
    },
    "https://openreview.net/forum?id=HHbRxoDTxE": {
        "authors": "Liu Yang; Kangwook Lee; Robert D. Nowak; Dimitris Papailiopoulos",
        "publication_date": "2024",
        "publication_year": "2024",
        "publication_venue": "International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)",
        "publisher": "OpenReview",
        "publication_note": "Published at ICLR 2024; venue and authors verified from the official OpenReview record.",
        "metadata_source": "OpenReview",
    },
    "https://iclr.cc/virtual/2025/poster/28971": {
        "authors": "Nikunj Saunshi; Nishanth Dikkala; Zhiyuan Li; Sanjiv Kumar; Sashank J. Reddi",
        "publication_date": "2025",
        "publication_year": "2025",
        "publication_venue": "International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)",
        "publisher": "International Conference on Learning Representations",
        "publication_note": "Published at ICLR 2025; metadata verified from the official conference poster page.",
        "metadata_source": "ICLR proceedings",
    },
    "https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2025/hash/3b01972cf31e6fa0fe29e4b8b5c2a0a1-Abstract-Conference.html": {
        "authors": "Jonas Geiping; Sean McLeish; Neel Jain; John Kirchenbauer; Siddharth Singh; Brian Bartoldson; Bhavya Kailkhura; Abhinav Bhatele; Tom Goldstein",
        "publication_date": "2025",
        "publication_year": "2025",
        "publication_venue": "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025)",
        "publisher": "Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation",
        "publication_note": "Published at NeurIPS 2025; the proceedings page's later web timestamp is not used as the conference year.",
        "metadata_source": "NeurIPS proceedings",
    },
    "https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2025/hash/8b08bbf8b420faa6eeb4020720582ec7-Abstract-Conference.html": {
        "authors": "Sangmin Bae; Yujin Kim; Reza Bayat; Sungnyun Kim; Jiyoun Ha; Tal Schuster; Adam Fisch; Hrayr Harutyunyan; Ziwei Ji; Aaron Courville; Se-Young Yun",
        "publication_date": "2025",
        "publication_year": "2025",
        "publication_venue": "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025)",
        "publisher": "Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation",
        "publication_note": "Published at NeurIPS 2025; the proceedings page's later web timestamp is not used as the conference year.",
        "metadata_source": "NeurIPS proceedings",
    },
    "https://iclr.cc/virtual/2026/poster/10009450": {
        "authors": "Ahmadreza Jeddi; Marco Ciccone; Babak Taati",
        "publication_date": "2026",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)",
        "publisher": "International Conference on Learning Representations",
        "publication_note": "Published at ICLR 2026; metadata verified from the official conference poster page.",
        "metadata_source": "ICLR proceedings",
    },
    "https://iclr.cc/virtual/2026/poster/10011117": {
        "authors": "Xiaojing Zhang; Haifeng Wu; Gang He; Jiyang Shen; Bochen Lyu; Zhanxing Zhu",
        "publication_date": "2026",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)",
        "publisher": "International Conference on Learning Representations",
        "publication_note": "Published at ICLR 2026; metadata verified from the official conference poster page.",
        "metadata_source": "ICLR proceedings",
    },
    "https://iclr.cc/virtual/2026/poster/10007767": {
        "authors": "Yunao Zheng; Xiaojie Wang; Lei Ren; Chen Wei",
        "publication_date": "2026",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)",
        "publisher": "International Conference on Learning Representations",
        "publication_note": "Published at ICLR 2026; metadata verified from the official conference poster page.",
        "metadata_source": "ICLR proceedings",
    },
    "https://openreview.net/forum?id=eQaJSRZiGn": {
        "authors": "Tianyu Fu; Yichen You; Zekai Chen; Guohao Dai; Huazhong Yang; Yu Wang",
        "publication_date": "2026",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)",
        "publisher": "OpenReview",
        "publication_note": "Published at ICML 2026; venue and authors verified from the official OpenReview record.",
        "metadata_source": "OpenReview",
    },
    "https://openreview.net/forum?id=ri0LAMdhd9": {
        "authors": "Hayden Prairie; Zachary Novack; Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick; Daniel Y. Fu",
        "publication_date": "2026",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Learning to Iterate Workshop at ICLR 2026",
        "publisher": "OpenReview",
        "publication_note": "Workshop paper at the Learning to Iterate Workshop at ICLR 2026; not an ICLR main-conference paper.",
        "metadata_source": "OpenReview",
    },
    "https://doi.org/10.1145/3805760.3814895": {
        "authors": "Simarjot Khanna",
        "publication_date": "2026-07",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on AI-Powered Software (AIware '26)",
        "publisher": "Association for Computing Machinery",
        "doi": "10.1145/3805760.3814895",
        "publication_note": "Published at AIware 2026; metadata verified from the author-supplied camera-ready paper because the DOI landing page restricted automated access.",
        "metadata_source": "ACM DOI and camera-ready paper",
    },
    "https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202603.1756": {
        "authors": "Chaoyue He; Xin Zhou; Di Wang; Hong Xu; Wei Liu; Chunyan Miao",
        "publication_date": "2026-04-23",
        "publication_year": "2026",
        "publication_venue": "Preprints.org",
        "publisher": "Preprints.org",
        "doi": "10.20944/preprints202603.1756.v2",
        "publication_note": "Version 2; the primary source states that this preprint is not peer-reviewed.",
        "metadata_source": "primary-page",
    },
    "https://resources.anthropic.com/hubfs/Building%20Effective%20AI%20Agents-%20Architecture%20Patterns%20and%20Implementation%20Frameworks.pdf": {
        "authors": "Anthropic",
        "publication_date": "2025-12-03",
        "publication_year": "2025",
        "publication_venue": "Anthropic eBook",
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "publication_note": "Date verified from the primary PDF creation metadata.",
        "metadata_source": "pdf-metadata",
    },
    "https://adk.dev/evaluate/": {
        "authors": "Google Agent Development Kit",
        "publication_venue": "Google Agent Development Kit",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "metadata_source": "primary-page",
    },
    "https://adk.dev/sessions/": {
        "authors": "Google Agent Development Kit",
        "publication_venue": "Google Agent Development Kit",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "metadata_source": "primary-page",
    },
    "https://adk.dev/graphs/": {
        "authors": "Google Agent Development Kit",
        "publication_venue": "Google Agent Development Kit",
        "publisher": "Google",
        "metadata_source": "primary-page",
    },
    "https://docs.langchain.com/oss/python/langgraph/persistence": {
        "authors": "LangChain",
        "publication_venue": "LangGraph",
        "publisher": "LangChain",
        "metadata_source": "primary-page",
    },
    "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/agent-framework/workflows/checkpoints": {
        "authors": "Microsoft",
        "publication_venue": "Microsoft Agent Framework",
        "publisher": "Microsoft",
        "metadata_source": "primary-page",
    },
    "https://docs.crewai.com/en/concepts/flows": {
        "authors": "CrewAI",
        "publication_venue": "CrewAI",
        "publisher": "CrewAI",
        "metadata_source": "primary-page",
    },
    "https://strandsagents.com/docs/user-guide/concepts/agents/state/": {
        "authors": "Strands Agents",
        "publication_venue": "Strands Agents",
        "publisher": "Strands Agents",
        "metadata_source": "primary-page",
    },
    "https://strandsagents.com/docs/user-guide/concepts/multi-agent/graph/": {
        "authors": "Strands Agents",
        "publication_venue": "Strands Agents",
        "publisher": "Strands Agents",
        "metadata_source": "primary-page",
    },
}

FIELDS = [
    "row_id",
    "title",
    "url",
    "url_kind",
    "domain",
    "audit_status",
    "http_status",
    "final_url",
    "canonical_url",
    "content_type",
    "source_title",
    "source_description",
    "authors",
    "publication_date",
    "publication_year",
    "publication_venue",
    "publisher",
    "doi",
    "publication_note",
    "primary_category",
    "metadata_source",
    "github_repo",
    "github_stars",
    "github_forks",
    "github_open_issues",
    "github_description",
    "github_license",
    "github_created_at",
    "github_updated_at",
    "arxiv_id",
    "error",
    "retrieved_at",
]

RESTRICTED_HTTP = {401, 403, 405, 406, 418, 429, 999}
# Hosts that answer 404 to automated clients while serving the page normally in a browser.
# Recorded as access-restricted rather than broken, matching how scripts/verify_urls.py already
# classifies them, so the same source does not flap between broken and ok on every audit.
EDGE_FILTERED_HOSTS = {"ninadpathak.com"}


def clean(value: str | None) -> str:
    if not value:
        return ""
    return " ".join(html.unescape(value).strip().split())


class MetadataParser(HTMLParser):
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.in_title = False
        self.title_parts: list[str] = []
        self.description = ""
        self.description_priority = 0
        self.meta_values: dict[str, list[str]] = {}

    @property
    def title(self) -> str:
        return clean(" ".join(self.title_parts))

    def handle_starttag(self, tag: str, attrs: list[tuple[str, str | None]]) -> None:
        if tag.lower() == "title":
            self.in_title = True
            return
        if tag.lower() != "meta":
            return

        attr_map = {key.lower(): value or "" for key, value in attrs}
        name = (attr_map.get("name") or attr_map.get("property") or attr_map.get("itemprop") or "").lower()
        candidate = clean(attr_map.get("content"))
        if name and candidate:
            self.meta_values.setdefault(name, []).append(candidate)
        priority = {
            "description": 1,
            "og:description": 1,
            "twitter:description": 1,
            "dc.description": 2,
            "citation_abstract": 3,
        }.get(name, 0)
        if candidate and priority > self.description_priority:
            self.description = candidate
            self.description_priority = priority

    def handle_endtag(self, tag: str) -> None:
        if tag.lower() == "title":
            self.in_title = False

    def handle_data(self, data: str) -> None:
        if self.in_title:
            self.title_parts.append(data)

    def first(self, *names: str) -> str:
        for name in names:
            values = self.meta_values.get(name.lower(), [])
            if values:
                return values[0]
        return ""

    def all(self, *names: str) -> list[str]:
        for name in names:
            values = self.meta_values.get(name.lower(), [])
            if values:
                return list(dict.fromkeys(values))
        return []


class RedirectHandler(urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler):
    """Teach Python 3.9's urllib opener to follow permanent HTTP 308 moves."""

    def http_error_308(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        return self.http_error_302(req, fp, code, msg, headers)

    def redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        if code == 308 and req.get_method() in {"GET", "HEAD"}:
            code = 307
        return super().redirect_request(req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl)


def read_rows() -> list[dict[str, str]]:
    with RESOURCES_CSV.open(encoding="utf-8", newline="") as handle:
        return list(csv.DictReader(handle))


def github_repo_from_url(url: str) -> str:
    parsed = urlparse(url)
    if parsed.netloc.lower() != "github.com":
        return ""
    parts = [part for part in parsed.path.strip("/").split("/") if part]
    if len(parts) < 2 or parts[0] in {"topics", "marketplace", "features"}:
        return ""
    return f"{parts[0]}/{parts[1]}"


def arxiv_id_from_url(url: str) -> str:
    match = ARXIV_RE.search(url)
    return match.group("id") if match else ""


def normalize_date(value: str) -> str:
    value = clean(value)
    if not value:
        return ""
    match = ISO_DATE_RE.search(value)
    if match:
        return f"{match.group('year')}-{int(match.group('month')):02d}-{int(match.group('day')):02d}"
    year = YEAR_RE.search(value)
    return year.group("year") if year else ""


def year_from_value(value: str) -> str:
    match = YEAR_RE.search(value or "")
    return match.group("year") if match else ""


def normalize_doi(value: str) -> str:
    value = clean(value)
    for prefix in ("https://doi.org/", "http://doi.org/", "doi:"):
        if value.lower().startswith(prefix):
            value = value[len(prefix) :]
            break
    return value.strip()


def publisher_for_domain(domain: str) -> str:
    normalized = domain.lower().removeprefix("www.")
    for suffix, publisher in PUBLISHER_BY_DOMAIN.items():
        if normalized == suffix or normalized.endswith(f".{suffix}"):
            return publisher
    return normalized


def project_github_venue(url: str) -> str:
    path = urlparse(url).path.lower()
    if "/releases" in path:
        return "GitHub Releases"
    if "/discussions" in path:
        return "GitHub Discussions"
    return "GitHub"


def html_metadata(body: bytes, content_type: str) -> dict[str, str]:
    if "html" not in content_type.lower():
        return {}
    text = body[:750_000].decode("utf-8", errors="ignore")
    parser = MetadataParser()
    try:
        parser.feed(text)
    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 - source metadata should not fail the URL audit.
        return {}

    authors = parser.all("citation_author", "dc.creator", "author")
    publication_date = normalize_date(
        parser.first(
            "citation_publication_date",
            "citation_date",
            "article:published_time",
            "datepublished",
            "dc.date.issued",
            "dc.date",
            "date",
        )
    )
    publication_venue = parser.first(
        "citation_conference_title",
        "citation_journal_title",
        "citation_technical_report_institution",
    )
    publisher = parser.first("citation_publisher", "dc.publisher", "og:site_name", "application-name")
    doi = normalize_doi(parser.first("citation_doi", "dc.identifier.doi", "doi"))
    has_publication_metadata = any((authors, publication_date, publication_venue, publisher, doi))
    return {
        "source_title": parser.title,
        "source_description": parser.description,
        "authors": "; ".join(authors),
        "publication_date": publication_date,
        "publication_year": year_from_value(publication_date),
        "publication_venue": publication_venue,
        "publisher": publisher,
        "doi": doi,
        "metadata_source": "html-meta" if has_publication_metadata else "",
    }


def fetch_url(url: str, timeout: float, attempts: int) -> dict[str, str]:
    context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
    opener = urllib.request.build_opener(
        urllib.request.HTTPSHandler(context=context),
        RedirectHandler(),
    )
    last_error = ""
    parsed_url = urlparse(url)
    request_url = url

    for attempt in range(1, attempts + 1):
        for method in ("GET", "HEAD"):
            request = urllib.request.Request(
                request_url,
                method=method,
                headers={"User-Agent": "awesome-loop-engineering-source-audit"},
            )
            try:
                with opener.open(request, timeout=timeout) as response:
                    final_url = response.geturl()
                    final_host = urlparse(final_url).netloc.lower()
                    if parsed_url.netloc.lower() == "code.claude.com" and final_host not in {
                        "",
                        "code.claude.com",
                        "docs.anthropic.com",
                    }:
                        return {
                            "audit_status": "restricted",
                            "http_status": str(response.status),
                            "final_url": request_url,
                            "content_type": response.headers.get("content-type", ""),
                            "source_title": "",
                            "source_description": "",
                            "error": f"redirected_to_unrelated_host:{final_host}",
                        }
                    content_type = response.headers.get("content-type", "")
                    body = response.read(750_000) if method == "GET" else b""
                    metadata = html_metadata(body, content_type)
                    result = {
                        "audit_status": "ok",
                        "http_status": str(response.status),
                        "final_url": final_url,
                        "content_type": content_type,
                        "error": "",
                    }
                    result.update(metadata)
                    return result
            except urllib.error.HTTPError as error:
                if method == "HEAD":
                    continue
                error_host = urlparse(error.geturl()).netloc.lower()
                if parsed_url.netloc.lower() == "code.claude.com" and error_host not in {
                    "",
                    "code.claude.com",
                    "docs.anthropic.com",
                }:
                    return {
                        "audit_status": "restricted",
                        "http_status": str(error.code),
                        "final_url": request_url,
                        "content_type": error.headers.get("content-type", "") if error.headers else "",
                        "source_title": "",
                        "source_description": "",
                        "error": f"redirected_to_unrelated_host:{error_host}",
                    }
                if error.code == 404 and parsed_url.netloc.lower() == "code.claude.com" and attempt < attempts:
                    last_error = "HTTPError:404"
                    break
                if error.code in RESTRICTED_HTTP or (
                    error.code == 404 and parsed_url.netloc.lower() in EDGE_FILTERED_HOSTS
                ):
                    return {
                        "audit_status": "restricted",
                        "http_status": str(error.code),
                        "final_url": request_url,
                        "content_type": error.headers.get("content-type", "") if error.headers else "",
                        "source_title": "",
                        "source_description": "",
                        "error": "restricted_or_rate_limited",
                    }
                return {
                    "audit_status": "broken",
                    "http_status": str(error.code),
                    "final_url": request_url,
                    "content_type": error.headers.get("content-type", "") if error.headers else "",
                    "source_title": "",
                    "source_description": "",
                    "error": f"HTTPError:{error.code}",
                }
            except Exception as error:  # noqa: BLE001 - audit output should capture exact failure class.
                last_error = error.__class__.__name__
                if method == "HEAD":
                    continue

        if attempt < attempts:
            delay = 1.5 * attempt if parsed_url.netloc.lower() == "code.claude.com" else 0.25 * attempt
            time.sleep(min(4.0, delay))

    return {
        "audit_status": "unreachable",
        "http_status": "",
        "final_url": request_url,
        "content_type": "",
        "source_title": "",
        "source_description": "",
        "error": last_error or "unknown",
    }


def audit_row(row: dict[str, str], retrieved_at: str, timeout: float, attempts: int) -> dict[str, str]:
    base = {
        "row_id": row["row_id"],
        "title": row["title"],
        "url": row["url"],
        "url_kind": row["url_kind"],
        "domain": row["domain"],
        "audit_status": "",
        "http_status": "",
        "final_url": "",
        "canonical_url": "",
        "content_type": "",
        "source_title": "",
        "source_description": "",
        "authors": "",
        "publication_date": "",
        "publication_year": "",
        "publication_venue": "",
        "publisher": "",
        "doi": "",
        "publication_note": "",
        "primary_category": "",
        "metadata_source": "",
        "github_repo": github_repo_from_url(row["url"]),
        "github_stars": "",
        "github_forks": "",
        "github_open_issues": "",
        "github_description": "",
        "github_license": "",
        "github_created_at": "",
        "github_updated_at": "",
        "arxiv_id": arxiv_id_from_url(row["url"]),
        "error": "",
        "retrieved_at": retrieved_at,
    }

    if row["url_kind"] == "local_path":
        local_target, fragment = urldefrag(row["url"])
        path = (ROOT / local_target).resolve()
        if path.exists():
            base.update(
                {
                    "audit_status": "local_ok",
                    "final_url": f"{REPO_BLOB_URL}/{local_target}" + (f"#{fragment}" if fragment else ""),
                    "source_title": row["title"],
                    "publication_year": "2026",
                    "publication_venue": "GitHub",
                    "publisher": "GitHub",
                    "metadata_source": "repository",
                }
            )
        else:
            base.update({"audit_status": "local_missing", "error": "local_path_missing"})
        return base

    if row["url_kind"] == "local_anchor":
        base.update(
            {
                "audit_status": "local_anchor",
                "final_url": row["url"],
                "publication_year": "2026",
                "publication_venue": "GitHub",
                "publisher": "GitHub",
                "metadata_source": "repository",
            }
        )
        return base

    base.update(fetch_url(row["url"], timeout=timeout, attempts=attempts))
    return base


def github_stats_via_gh(repo: str, timeout: float) -> dict[str, str]:
    if not repo:
        return {}
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["gh", "api", f"repos/{repo}"],
            check=False,
            capture_output=True,
            text=True,
            timeout=timeout,
        )
    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 - stats are best-effort.
        return {}
    if result.returncode != 0:
        return {}
    try:
        return github_stats_from_payload(json.loads(result.stdout))
    except json.JSONDecodeError:
        return {}


def github_stats_from_payload(data: dict[str, object]) -> dict[str, str]:
    license_data = data.get("license") or {}
    if not isinstance(license_data, dict):
        license_data = {}
    description = data.get("description") or ""
    return {
        "github_stars": str(data.get("stargazers_count", "")),
        "github_forks": str(data.get("forks_count", "")),
        "github_open_issues": str(data.get("open_issues_count", "")),
        "github_description": clean(str(description)),
        "github_license": clean(str(license_data.get("spdx_id", ""))),
        "github_created_at": clean(str(data.get("created_at", ""))),
        "github_updated_at": clean(str(data.get("updated_at", ""))),
    }


def github_stats(repo: str, timeout: float, use_gh_cli: bool) -> dict[str, str]:
    if not repo:
        return {}
    if use_gh_cli:
        stats = github_stats_via_gh(repo, timeout=timeout)
        if stats:
            return stats

    context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
    request = urllib.request.Request(
        f"https://api.github.com/repos/{repo}",
        headers={"User-Agent": "awesome-loop-engineering-source-audit"},
    )
    try:
        with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout, context=context) as response:
            data = json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8"))
    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 - stats are best-effort; URL audit carries primary status.
        return {}

    return github_stats_from_payload(data)


def enrich_github(rows: list[dict[str, str]], timeout: float, use_gh_cli: bool) -> None:
    repos = sorted({row["github_repo"] for row in rows if row["github_repo"]})
    stats = {repo: github_stats(repo, timeout=timeout, use_gh_cli=use_gh_cli) for repo in repos}
    for row in rows:
        row.update(stats.get(row["github_repo"], {}))


def fetch_arxiv_batch(arxiv_ids: list[str], timeout: float, attempts: int) -> dict[str, dict[str, str]]:
    query = urlencode({"id_list": ",".join(arxiv_ids), "max_results": str(len(arxiv_ids))})
    url = f"https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?{query}"
    context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
    request = urllib.request.Request(
        url,
        headers={"User-Agent": "awesome-loop-engineering-publication-audit"},
    )

    for attempt in range(1, attempts + 1):
        try:
            with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout, context=context) as response:
                root = ET.fromstring(response.read())
            break
        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 - fallback metadata remains explicit below.
            if attempt == attempts:
                return {}
            time.sleep(min(3.0, attempt))

    records: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {}
    for entry in root.findall(f"{ATOM_NS}entry"):
        entry_url = clean(entry.findtext(f"{ATOM_NS}id") or "")
        match = ARXIV_RE.search(entry_url)
        if not match:
            continue
        arxiv_id = match.group("id")
        authors = [
            clean(author.findtext(f"{ATOM_NS}name") or "")
            for author in entry.findall(f"{ATOM_NS}author")
        ]
        primary = entry.find(f"{ARXIV_NS}primary_category")
        published = normalize_date(entry.findtext(f"{ATOM_NS}published") or "")
        journal_reference = clean(entry.findtext(f"{ARXIV_NS}journal_ref") or "")
        records[arxiv_id] = {
            "authors": "; ".join(author for author in authors if author),
            "publication_date": published,
            "publication_year": year_from_value(published),
            "publication_venue": journal_reference or "arXiv",
            "publisher": "arXiv",
            "doi": normalize_doi(entry.findtext(f"{ARXIV_NS}doi") or ""),
            "publication_note": clean(entry.findtext(f"{ARXIV_NS}comment") or ""),
            "primary_category": clean(primary.get("term", "")) if primary is not None else "",
            "metadata_source": "arxiv-api",
        }
    return records


def arxiv_year(arxiv_id: str) -> str:
    try:
        return str(2000 + int(arxiv_id[:2]))
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return ""


def enrich_arxiv(rows: list[dict[str, str]], timeout: float, attempts: int) -> None:
    arxiv_ids = sorted({row["arxiv_id"] for row in rows if row["arxiv_id"]})
    records: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {}
    batch_size = 75
    for start in range(0, len(arxiv_ids), batch_size):
        if start:
            time.sleep(3.0)
        records.update(fetch_arxiv_batch(arxiv_ids[start : start + batch_size], timeout, attempts))

    for row in rows:
        arxiv_id = row["arxiv_id"]
        if not arxiv_id:
            continue
        metadata = records.get(arxiv_id)
        if metadata:
            row.update({key: value for key, value in metadata.items() if value})
        else:
            row["publisher"] = "arXiv"
            row["publication_year"] = row["publication_year"] or arxiv_year(arxiv_id)
            row["metadata_source"] = row["metadata_source"] or "arxiv-id"


def load_arxiv_publication_decisions() -> dict[str, dict[str, str]]:
    if not ARXIV_PUBLICATION_AUDIT.exists():
        return {}
    with ARXIV_PUBLICATION_AUDIT.open(encoding="utf-8", newline="") as handle:
        return {row["arxiv_id"]: row for row in csv.DictReader(handle)}


def apply_arxiv_publication_overlay(rows: list[dict[str, str]]) -> None:
    decisions = load_arxiv_publication_decisions()
    for row in rows:
        row["canonical_url"] = row.get("canonical_url") or row.get("final_url") or row["url"]
        decision = decisions.get(row.get("arxiv_id", ""))
        if not decision or decision["status"] not in {"accepted", "published"}:
            continue

        for field in (
            "publication_date",
            "publication_year",
            "publication_venue",
            "publisher",
            "doi",
            "metadata_source",
        ):
            row[field] = decision[field]
        row["canonical_url"] = decision["published_url"] or row["canonical_url"]
        if decision["status"] == "accepted":
            row["publication_note"] = (
                f"Accepted at {decision['publication_venue']}; "
                "the linked arXiv record is the available paper version."
            )
        else:
            row["publication_note"] = (
                f"Published in {decision['publication_venue']}; "
                "the linked arXiv record remains available for open access."
            )


def year_from_url(url: str) -> str:
    parsed = urlparse(url)
    match = re.search(r"/(?:manuscript/)?(?P<year>20\d{2})(?:[/_-]|\d{2}\.)", parsed.path)
    if not match:
        return ""
    year = int(match.group("year"))
    return str(year) if year <= datetime.now(timezone.utc).year + 1 else ""


def finalize_publication_metadata(rows: list[dict[str, str]]) -> None:
    for row in rows:
        override = PUBLICATION_OVERRIDES.get(row["url"], {})
        row.update({key: value for key, value in override.items() if value})

        if row["arxiv_id"] and row["metadata_source"] == "html-meta":
            row["metadata_source"] = "arxiv-html-meta"

        if row["github_repo"]:
            row["publisher"] = "GitHub"
            if row["github_repo"].lower() == PROJECT_GITHUB_REPO:
                row["publication_venue"] = project_github_venue(row["url"])
            else:
                row["publication_venue"] = row["publication_venue"] or row["github_repo"]
            if not row["publication_date"] and row["github_created_at"]:
                row["publication_date"] = normalize_date(row["github_created_at"])
                row["metadata_source"] = "github-api"

        if not row["publisher"]:
            row["publisher"] = publisher_for_domain(row["domain"]) or "Source not stated"
        if not row["publication_year"]:
            row["publication_year"] = year_from_value(row["publication_date"])
        if not row["publication_year"]:
            row["publication_year"] = year_from_url(row["url"])
            if row["publication_year"] and not row["metadata_source"]:
                row["metadata_source"] = "url-date"
        if not row["metadata_source"]:
            row["metadata_source"] = "domain-fallback"
        row["doi"] = normalize_doi(row["doi"])


def write_audit(rows: list[dict[str, str]], out_path: Path = AUDIT_CSV) -> None:
    out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    with out_path.open("w", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as handle:
        writer = csv.DictWriter(handle, fieldnames=FIELDS, lineterminator="\n")
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerows(rows)


def main() -> int:
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=float, default=10.0)
    parser.add_argument("--workers", type=int, default=12)
    parser.add_argument("--attempts", type=int, default=2)
    parser.add_argument("--github-cli", action="store_true", help="use authenticated gh api calls for GitHub repo stats")
    parser.add_argument("--fail-on-broken", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--apply-publication-overlay-only",
        action="store_true",
        help="apply the checked-in arXiv publication decisions to the existing source audit without network access",
    )
    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.apply_publication_overlay_only:
        with AUDIT_CSV.open(encoding="utf-8", newline="") as handle:
            audited = list(csv.DictReader(handle))
        finalize_publication_metadata(audited)
        apply_arxiv_publication_overlay(audited)
        write_audit(audited)
        resolved = sum(
            bool(row.get("arxiv_id")) and row.get("publisher") not in {"", "arXiv"}
            for row in audited
        )
        print(f"Applied {resolved} published or accepted venue records to {AUDIT_CSV.relative_to(ROOT)}")
        return 0

    retrieved_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc).replace(microsecond=0).isoformat()
    rows = read_rows()
    with futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=args.workers) as executor:
        checks = [executor.submit(audit_row, row, retrieved_at, args.timeout, args.attempts) for row in rows]
        audited = [check.result() for check in futures.as_completed(checks)]

    audited.sort(key=lambda row: row["row_id"])
    enrich_github(audited, timeout=args.timeout, use_gh_cli=args.github_cli)
    enrich_arxiv(audited, timeout=max(args.timeout, 20.0), attempts=args.attempts)
    finalize_publication_metadata(audited)
    apply_arxiv_publication_overlay(audited)
    write_audit(audited)

    broken = [row for row in audited if row["audit_status"] in {"broken", "unreachable", "local_missing"}]
    print(f"Wrote {len(audited)} rows to {AUDIT_CSV.relative_to(ROOT)}")
    print(f"Broken or unreachable rows: {len(broken)}")
    for row in broken[:20]:
        print(f"- {row['row_id']} {row['audit_status']} {row['url']} {row['error']}", file=sys.stderr)

    if broken and args.fail_on_broken:
        return 1
    return 0


if __name__ == "__main__":
    raise SystemExit(main())