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Which animal's skin is better adapted as a warning sign to ward off predators? | [
"sharpnose-puffer",
"peppered moth"
] | 0 | Fire salamanders have poisonous glands in their brightly colored skin. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the animal is poisonous. The 's skin is adapted to ward off predators.
Figure: fire salamander. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal... | Look at the picture of the fire salamander.
The fire salamander has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the fire salamander is poisonous.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The shar... | |
What can Ashley and Myra trade to each get what they want? | [
"Myra can trade her broccoli for Ashley's oranges.",
"Ashley can trade her tomatoes for Myra's broccoli.",
"Myra can trade her almonds for Ashley's tomatoes.",
"Ashley can trade her tomatoes for Myra's carrots."
] | 1 | Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Ashley and Myra open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Ashley nor Myra got everything that they wanted. The tabl... | closed choice | grade8 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Trade and specialization | Look at the table and images.
Ashley wants broccoli. Myra wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. | ||
What is the capital of Louisiana? | [
"Baton Rouge",
"Topeka",
"Richmond",
"New Orleans"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Southeast | Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana. | |||
Which continent is highlighted? | [
"South America",
"North America",
"Africa",
"Asia"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | Oceans and continents | Identify oceans and continents | A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. | This continent is South America. | ||
Which of these states is farthest west? | [
"Delaware",
"Georgia",
"Illinois",
"Maine"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade2 | social science | geography | Geography | Read a map: cardinal directions | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north... | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Illinois is farthest west. | ||
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Frank persisted despite his friends' attempts to tell him that this was a Gordian knot. | [
"a song",
"ancient legend"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade11 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
The protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.
The word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Gree... | The source of the allusion Gordian knot is ancient legend.
According to legend, Alexander the Great used his sword to slash an intricate knot by which a chariot was tied to a pole in the city of Gordium.
The allusion Gordian knot means a highly complex problem. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there.
—L. P. Hartley, The Go-Between | [
"pun",
"metaphor"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade6 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.
What a lucky little lady you are!
An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from his... | The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.
The past is a foreign country compares the past to a foreign country without using like or as. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Would you find the word hat on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
hickory - hum | [
"no",
"yes"
] | 0 | yes or no | grade3 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second let... | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since hat is not between the guide words hickory - hum, it would not be found on that page. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Would you find the word brim on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
beloved - butter | [
"no",
"yes"
] | 1 | yes or no | grade4 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second let... | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since brim is between the guide words beloved - butter, it would be found on that page. | |
Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"attract",
"repel"
] | 1 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.
Here are some examples of magnets. The no... | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | What does the idiom in this text suggest?
"Speak of the devil!" Alice declared when Richard strolled into the room. | [
"Alice thought Richard was a troublemaker.",
"Alice had just been speaking about Richard."
] | 1 | closed choice | grade7 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.
The assignment was a piece of cake. | The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.
The idiom speak of the devil suggests that Alice had just been speaking about Richard. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which greeting is correct for a letter? | [
"Dear Mr. Livingston,",
"dear Mr. Livingston,"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade2 | language science | capitalization | Capitalization | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I... | The second greeting is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Livingston is capitalized because it is a proper noun. | |
Which continent is highlighted? | [
"Australia",
"Africa",
"North America",
"Asia"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade6 | social science | geography | Physical Geography | Oceans and continents | A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. | This continent is Africa. | ||
Not supported with pagination yet | Based on this information, what is Abby's phenotype for the fur texture trait? | [
"soft fur",
"rough fur"
] | 0 | In a group of dachshund dogs, some individuals have rough fur and others have soft fur. In this group, the gene for the fur texture trait has two alleles. The allele for rough fur (F) is dominant over the allele for soft fur (f).
Abby is a dachshund dog from this group. Abby has the homozygous genotype ff for the fur t... | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different ... | Abby's genotype for the fur texture gene is ff. Abby's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for soft fur. So, Abby's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be soft fur.
To check this answer, consider whether Abby's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for rough fur (F) is dominant over the alle... |
Is a clothespin a solid, a liquid, or a gas? | [
"a solid",
"a gas",
"a liquid"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | States of matter | Classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas | Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.
Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.
A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.
When matter i... | A clothespin is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.
You can open or close a clothespin. But it will still have a size and shape of its own. | ||
Which material is this clipboard made of? | [
"metal",
"asphalt"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Materials | Identify multiple materials in objects | A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
Some objects are made of just one material.
Most nails are made of metal.
Other objects are made of more than one material.
This hammer is made of metal and wood. | Look at the picture of the clipboard.
The clipboard is made of two different materials. The back is made of wood, and the clip is made of metal.
Not all clipboards are made of wood. Some clipboards are made of other materials, such as plastic. | ||
What is the capital of Alaska? | [
"Houston",
"Anchorage",
"Juneau",
"Fairbanks"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the West | Juneau is the capital of Alaska. | |||
Which i in row A? | [
"the fast-food restaurant",
"the fire department",
"the grocery store",
"the theater"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | Geography | Use a letter-number grid | A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.
A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.
A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. | The grocery store is in row A. | ||
Select the organism in the same genus as the garden hyacinth. | [
"Hyacinthus orientalis",
"Ovis orientalis",
"Lissotriton helveticus"
] | 0 | This organism is a garden hyacinth. Its scientific name is Hyacinthus orientalis. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Scientific names | Use scientific names to classify organisms | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms... | A garden hyacinth's scientific name is Hyacinthus orientalis. The first word of its scientific name is Hyacinthus.
Ovis orientalis and Hyacinthus orientalis are not in the same genus.
These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ovis orientalis and Hyacinthus orientalis hav... | |
Not supported with pagination yet | The Sixth Amendment lists some of the rights of people who are charged with crimes. Which of these is not a right promised by the amendment? | [
"the right to a speedy and public trial",
"the right to choose the judge for their trial",
"the right to get help from a lawyer"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | civics | Government | The Bill of Rights | The Sixth Amendment says that anyone charged with a crime has the right to a speedy and public trial and the right to get help from a lawyer. However, it does not say that accused criminals can choose their judge. Part of the text of the Sixth Amendment is below. Notice the phrases "speedy and public trial" and "assist... | ||
Which of these states is farthest north? | [
"Iowa",
"Florida",
"Utah",
"North Dakota"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade2 | social science | geography | Geography | Read a map: cardinal directions | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north... | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest north. | ||
Which material is this shovel made of? | [
"wood",
"rock"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Materials | Identify multiple materials in objects | A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
Some objects are made of just one material.
Most nails are made of metal.
Other objects are made of more than one material.
This hammer is made of metal and wood. | Look at the picture of the shovel.
The shovel is made of two different materials. The handle is made of wood, and the head is made of metal.
Metal is a tough material. It does not break easily. This makes metal a good material for the head of a shovel. You don't want your shovel to break if you hit a rock while you're ... | ||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which object has the most thermal energy? | [
"a 180-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 65°F",
"a 180-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 48°F",
"a 180-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 47°F"
] | 0 | The objects are identical except for their temperatures. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Heat and thermal energy | How is temperature related to thermal energy? | All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both ... | All three bottles of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 65°F bottle of water is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. |
What is the capital of South Dakota? | [
"Pierre",
"Des Moines",
"Saint Paul",
"Madison"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Midwest | Pierre is the capital of South Dakota. | |||
Select the organism in the same species as the purple heron. | [
"Ardea purpurea",
"Strix aluco",
"Sarracenia purpurea"
] | 0 | This organism is a purple heron. Its scientific name is Ardea purpurea. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Classification and scientific names | Use scientific names to classify organisms | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms... | A purple heron's scientific name is Ardea purpurea.
Strix aluco does not have the same scientific name as a purple heron. So, Ardea purpurea and Strix aluco are not in the same species.
Sarracenia purpurea does have the same species within its genus as a purple heron, but they are not in the same genus! They do not hav... | |
Which of these states is farthest east? | [
"Montana",
"Michigan",
"North Carolina",
"Kentucky"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | Maps | Read a map: cardinal directions | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north... | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. North Carolina is farthest east. | ||
Which animal's mouth is also adapted to tear through meat? | [
"Nile crocodile",
"long-beaked echidna"
] | 0 | Tigers are carnivores, or meat eaters. They eat large mammals like deer. The 's mouth is adapted to tear through meat.
Figure: tiger. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear ... | Look at the picture of the tiger.
The tiger has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat. The tiger uses its large mouth to grab its prey. It uses its sharp teeth to cut up the meat of the prey into pieces it can swallow.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar ada... | |
Select the reptile below. | [
"Mojave rattlesnake",
"salmon"
] | 0 | Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. A dwarf crocodile is an example of a reptile. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. | A salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Unlike most other fish, salmon can live in both fresh water and salt water.
A Mojave rattlesnake is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.
Rattlesnakes have fangs they can use to inject venom into their prey. | |
What is the capital of Idaho? | [
"Nampa",
"Salem",
"Denver",
"Boise"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify the 50 state capitals | Boise is the capital of Idaho. | |||
Which continent is highlighted? | [
"North America",
"Antarctica",
"Australia",
"Asia"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | Oceans and continents | Identify oceans and continents | A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. | This continent is Australia. | ||
Select the organism in the same species as the Victoria crowned pigeon. | [
"Larus michahellis",
"Cyanocitta stelleri",
"Goura victoria"
] | 2 | This organism is a Victoria crowned pigeon. Its scientific name is Goura victoria. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Scientific names | Use scientific names to classify organisms | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms... | A Victoria crowned pigeon's scientific name is Goura victoria.
Goura victoria has the same scientific name as a Victoria crowned pigeon. So, these organisms are in the same species.
Larus michahellis does not have the same scientific name as a Victoria crowned pigeon. So, Goura victoria and Larus michahellis are not in... | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Walter has a scar on his left knee. | [
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | 1 | Hint: Most scars are caused by accidents during a person's life. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Identify inherited and acquired traits | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's lif... | Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. |
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Reopening the investigation would be like opening Pandora's box. | [
"a song",
"Greek mythology"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which C... | The source of the allusion Pandora's box is Greek mythology.
In Greek mythology, the gods send Pandora a box and instruct her never to open it. Curiosity overcomes Pandora and she opens it, unleashing evil into the world.
The allusion Pandora's box means a source of many problems. | |
Which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles? | [
"Solution A",
"Solution B",
"neither; their concentrations are the same"
] | 1 | The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each blue ball represents one particle of solute. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | chemistry | Solutions | Compare concentrations of solutions | A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution... | In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.
... | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Is this a run-on sentence?
In the 1970s, Asian carp were imported to clean ponds on aquaculture farms in the South; they are believed to have escaped and spread, negatively affecting fish populations as far north as the Great Lakes. | [
"yes",
"no"
] | 1 | yes or no | grade12 | language science | writing-strategies | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Identify run-on sentences | A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.
A run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma s... | This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.
In the 1970 s, Asian carp were imported to clean ponds on aquaculture farms in the South; they are believed to have escaped and spread, negatively affecting fish populations as far north as th... | |
Which country is highlighted? | [
"Haiti",
"Jamaica",
"Saint Kitts and Nevis",
"Cuba"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade7 | social science | geography | The Americas: geography | Identify and select countries of the Caribbean | This country is Jamaica. | |||
Which is this organism's common name? | [
"Cyanea capillata",
"lion's mane jellyfish"
] | 1 | This organism is Cyanea capillata. It is also called a lion's mane jellyfish. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Classification and scientific names | Identify common and scientific names | An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.
An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.
Scientific names are written in italics,... | Cyanea capillata is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.
Cyanea capillata is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that lion's mane jellyfish is the common name. | |
Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"attract",
"repel"
] | 1 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.
Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (... | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. | |
What can Sean and Logan trade to each get what they want? | [
"Logan can trade his almonds for Sean's tomatoes.",
"Sean can trade his tomatoes for Logan's broccoli.",
"Logan can trade his broccoli for Sean's oranges.",
"Sean can trade his tomatoes for Logan's carrots."
] | 1 | Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Sean and Logan open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Sean nor Logan got everything that they wanted. The table ... | closed choice | grade7 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Trade and specialization | Look at the table and images.
Sean wants broccoli. Logan wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. | ||
Which of these cities is marked on the map? | [
"Houston",
"New Orleans",
"Nashville",
"Dallas"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | Cities | Cities of the Southeast | The city is Dallas, Texas. New Orleans, Houston, and Nashville are marked with gray circles on the map below. | |||
Not supported with pagination yet | What information supports the conclusion that Felipe inherited this trait? | [
"Felipe's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Felipe.",
"Felipe and his father both have dark hair."
] | 0 | Read the description of a trait.
Felipe has pale skin. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits.... | |
During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to (). | [
"the surroundings . . . each greenhouse",
"each greenhouse . . . the surroundings"
] | 0 | Two identical greenhouses were next to each other. There were solar panels on the roof of one greenhouse but not on the roof of the other greenhouse. This table shows how the temperature of each greenhouse changed over 2hours. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | physics | Thermal energy | Compare thermal energy transfers | A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:
An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.
A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, th... | The temperature of each greenhouse increased, which means that the thermal energy of each greenhouse increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each greenhouse. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Would you find the word crude on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
carton - cuff | [
"yes",
"no"
] | 0 | yes or no | grade7 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second let... | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since crude is between the guide words carton - cuff, it would be found on that page. | |
What is the probability that a Labrador retriever produced by this cross will be homozygous recessive for the fur color gene? | [
"1/4",
"2/4",
"0/4",
"3/4",
"4/4"
] | 2 | In a group of Labrador retrievers, some individuals have black fur and others have brown fur. In this group, the gene for the fur color trait has two alleles. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F).
This Punnett square shows a cross between two Labrador retrievers. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Use Punnett squares to calculate probabilities of offspring types | Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?
How do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.
If both alleles are dominant, the organism is h... | ||
During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to (). | [
"each vial . . . the surroundings",
"the surroundings . . . each vial"
] | 1 | Scientists in a laboratory were working with insulin, a protein often used to treat diabetes. They left two identical vials of insulin in different places. This table shows how the temperature of each vial changed over 15minutes. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | physics | Thermal energy | Compare thermal energy transfers | A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:
An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.
A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, th... | The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"After Dan graduates, he plans to travel around Europe with his brother.",
"Dan plans to travel around Europe with his brother after he graduates."
] | 1 | closed choice | grade6 | language science | pronouns | Pronouns and antecedents | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vagu... | The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Dan or his brother.
Dan plans to travel around Europe with his brother after he graduates.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is cl... | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Select the solid. | [
"arrowhead",
"wet paint",
"coffee"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | States of matter | Identify solids and liquids | Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.
Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.
A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.
When matter is a li... | ||
Is brass a mineral? | [
"no",
"yes"
] | 0 | Brass has the following properties:
solid
no fixed crystal structure
made in a factory
mixture of copper and zinc | yes or no | grade6 | natural science | earth-science | Rocks and minerals | Identify rocks and minerals | Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last thre... | Brass does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, brass is not a mineral. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Suppose Lamar decides to eat the vanilla custard. Which result would be a cost? | [
"Lamar will give up the chance to eat the peanuts. The peanuts would have been healthier than the vanilla custard.",
"Lamar will get to eat the vanilla custard. Lamar thinks vanilla custard will taste better than peanuts would have."
] | 0 | Lamar is deciding whether to eat peanuts or vanilla custard for an afternoon snack. He would like to eat something tasty, but he is also trying to be healthier. | closed choice | grade5 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Costs and benefits | Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.
Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.
Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you wa... | This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Lamar wants or needs:
Lamar will give up the chance to eat the peanuts. The peanuts would have been healthier than the vanilla custard. |
Not supported with pagination yet | According to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening? | [
"The suitcase is pushing on Robert.",
"The suitcase is pulling on Robert."
] | 1 | Isaac Newton was born in the 1600s and studied how objects move. He discovered three fundamental laws about forces and motion. According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force.
Consider the following force:
Robert is pulling on a full suitcase. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Predict forces using Newton's third law | According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.
For example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the tabl... | Robert is pulling on the suitcase. So, Newton's third law tells you that the suitcase is pulling on Robert. |
Which of these cities is marked on the map? | [
"Denver",
"Los Angeles",
"Las Vegas",
"Portland"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | Cities | Cities of the West | The city is Las Vegas, Nevada. Los Angeles, Portland, and Denver are marked with gray circles on the map below. | |||
Which of these states is farthest north? | [
"Wisconsin",
"Alabama",
"Nevada",
"Maryland"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | Maps | Read a map: cardinal directions | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north... | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Wisconsin is farthest north. | ||
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Franco's proclamations earned him a reputation as our neighborhood's own Nostradamus. | [
"Greek mythology",
"history"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade12 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
The protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.
The word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Gree... | The source of the allusion Nostradamus is history.
Nostradamus, a sixteenth-century French astrologer and physician, is best known as the author of a book of prophecies.
The allusion Nostradamus means a seer or predictor of the future. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Compare the motion of two humpback whales. Which humpback whale was moving at a lower speed? | [
"a humpback whale that moved 20kilometers in 5hours",
"a humpback whale that moved 40kilometers in 5hours"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | Compare the speeds of moving objects | An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.
Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.
Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.
Think about two objects... | Look at the distance each humpback whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.
One humpback whale moved 20 kilometers in 5 hours.
The other humpback whale moved 40 kilometers in 5 hours.
Notice that each humpback whale spent the same amount of time moving. The humpback whale that moved 20 kilometers moved a... | |
What is the capital of Ohio? | [
"Columbus",
"Indianapolis",
"Cincinnati",
"Cleveland"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Midwest | Columbus is the capital of Ohio. | |||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which is a compound sentence? | [
"Walter had a growth spurt, and now most of his pants are too short.",
"Mr. Mendoza dedicated his book about the Alaskan wilderness to his wife and his three sons."
] | 0 | closed choice | grade5 | language science | grammar | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
aft... | The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.
Walter had a growth spurt, and now most of his pants are too short. | |
Which continent is highlighted? | [
"North America",
"Asia",
"South America",
"Australia"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | Oceans and continents | Identify oceans and continents | A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. | This continent is North America. | ||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which tense does the sentence use?
The game will start soon. | [
"present tense",
"past tense",
"future tense"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade2 | language science | verbs | Verb tense | Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense? | Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.
Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.
Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.
Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.
Mo... | The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, start. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | What information supports the conclusion that Megan acquired this trait? | [
"Megan learned how to build a fire at summer camp.",
"Megan can cook food over a fire."
] | 0 | Read the description of a trait.
Megan knows how to build a fire. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's lif... | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Suppose Alec decides to watch the comedy. Which result would be a cost? | [
"Alec will get to watch the movie that he is more excited about.",
"Alec will give up the chance to watch a movie with his sister."
] | 1 | Alec is deciding whether to watch a comedy or an action movie. He would prefer to watch a comedy. But he also wants to watch a movie with his sister. Alec's sister will only watch an action movie. | closed choice | grade4 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Costs and benefits | Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.
Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.
Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you wa... | This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Alec wants or needs:
Alec will give up the chance to watch a movie with his sister. |
Which country is highlighted? | [
"Australia",
"Papua New Guinea",
"Solomon Islands",
"Samoa"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade7 | social science | geography | Oceania: geography | Identify and select countries of Oceania | This country is Australia.
Is Australia a country or a continent?
Both! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead. | |||
Not supported with pagination yet | Based on this information, what is Major's phenotype for the horns trait? | [
"not having horns",
"having horns"
] | 0 | In a group of cows, some individuals have horns and others do not. In this group, the gene for the horns trait has two alleles. The allele for not having horns (H) is dominant over the allele for having horns (h).
Major is a cow from this group. Major has the homozygous genotype HH for the horns gene. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different ... | Major's genotype for the horns gene is HH. Major's genotype of HH has only H allelles. The H allele is for not having horns. So, Major's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.
To check this answer, consider whether Major's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having horns (H) is domina... |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
The salesperson tried hard to convince Bryant that the jacket was a good buy; after all, it was made of genuine imitation leather. | [
"oxymoron",
"hyperbole"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade12 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify the figure of speech: review | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.
We are united. We are powerful. We are winners.
Antithesis involves contrasting opposing id... | The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.
Genuine imitation is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | What do these two changes have in common?
breaking a ceramic plate
beating an egg | [
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | 3 | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Compare physical and chemical changes | Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter bef... | Step 1: Think about each change.
Breaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.
Beating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a d... | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Select the amphibian. | [
"piranha",
"emerald tree boa",
"ostrich",
"red salamander"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians | Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water. | An ostrich is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
The ostrich is the largest bird alive today. Ostriches cannot fly, but they can run very fast.
A piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Piranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal.
A... | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which announcement is more formal? | [
"The Allenville Law Firm is so happy to tell you . . .",
"The Allenville Law Firm is pleased to announce . . ."
] | 1 | closed choice | grade10 | language science | writing-strategies | Audience, purpose, and tone | Which text is most formal? | Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.
Formal writing is... | The first announcement is more formal. It uses more elevated language (pleased to announce). The other announcement sounds more conversational (so happy). | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which tense does the sentence use?
Adam and Lisa will help the neighbors. | [
"past tense",
"present tense",
"future tense"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade2 | language science | verbs | Verb tense | Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense? | Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.
Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.
Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.
Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.
Mo... | The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, help. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which greeting is correct for a letter? | [
"Dear ms. gilbert,",
"Dear Ms. Gilbert,"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade4 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I... | The second greeting is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Gilbert is capitalized because it is a proper noun. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Read the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her sentence fluency?
If I became student council president, I would make significant changes at my school. I would help my fellow students by being the voice of the student body and communicating openly and effectively with the pri... | [
"by combining sentences containing related information",
"by varying sentence length"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade10 | language science | writing-strategies | Editing and revising | Suggest appropriate revisions | During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:
Ideas and development: Does the... | The writer could best improve his or her sentence fluency by varying sentence length.
For example, the writer could shorten the underlined sentences to make the text read more smoothly.
If I became student council president, I would make significant changes at my school. I would help my fellow students by being the voi... | |
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2.",
"The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1."
] | 0 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Compare strengths of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You c... | Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.
The magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. | |
During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to (). | [
"each battery . . . the surroundings",
"the surroundings . . . each battery"
] | 0 | Two friends bought phones that cost different amounts but had identical batteries. After using the phones for a while, both friends had to turn them off to let the batteries cool. This table shows how the temperature of each battery changed over 5minutes. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | physics | Thermal energy | Compare thermal energy transfers | A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:
An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.
A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, th... | The temperature of each battery decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each battery decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each battery to the surroundings. | |
Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"attract",
"repel"
] | 0 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.
Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (... | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. | |
Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? | [
"Some air masses contain dry air; other air masses contain moist air.",
"Meteorologists are scientists who study meteors."
] | 0 | Meteorologists can make predictions about weather events. For example, the passage below describes how a meteorologist might use observations of Earth's atmosphere to predict a tornado event.
Figure: a tornado passing through a field. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | earth-science | Weather and climate | Explore air masses | |||
What can Caleb and Aiden trade to each get what they want? | [
"Aiden can trade his broccoli for Caleb's oranges.",
"Caleb can trade his tomatoes for Aiden's broccoli.",
"Caleb can trade his tomatoes for Aiden's carrots.",
"Aiden can trade his almonds for Caleb's tomatoes."
] | 1 | Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Caleb and Aiden open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Caleb nor Aiden got everything that they wanted. The tabl... | closed choice | grade7 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Trade and specialization | Look at the table and images.
Caleb wants broccoli. Aiden wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. | ||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
At twenty-one, Chad felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland. | [
"allusion",
"simile"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade6 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.
What a lucky little lady you are!
An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from his... | The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.
Neverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up. | |
What is the capital of New Hampshire? | [
"Provo",
"Albany",
"Jefferson City",
"Concord"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Concord is the capital of New Hampshire. | |||
Not supported with pagination yet | Select the solid. | [
"air inside a soccer ball",
"vinegar",
"water in a sink",
"ruler"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | States of matter | Identify solids, liquids, and gases | Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.
Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a... | A ruler is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. If you put a ruler in a box, the ruler will keep its shape.
The air inside a soccer ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the soccer ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball.
Vinegar is a... | |
What is the capital of South Carolina? | [
"Columbia",
"Nampa",
"Charleston",
"Phoenix"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Southeast | Columbia is the capital of South Carolina. | |||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
At twenty-one, Eddie felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland. | [
"onomatopoeia",
"allusion"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade8 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.
What a lucky little lady you are!
An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from his... | The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.
Neverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Based on this information, what is Rascal's phenotype for the fur length trait? | [
"short fur",
"long fur"
] | 1 | In a group of cats, some individuals have short fur and others have long fur. In this group, the gene for the fur length trait has two alleles. The allele for short fur (F) is dominant over the allele for long fur (f).
Rascal is a cat from this group. Rascal has the homozygous genotype ff for the fur length gene. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different ... | Rascal's genotype for the fur length gene is ff. Rascal's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for long fur. So, Rascal's phenotype for the fur length trait must be long fur.
To check this answer, consider whether Rascal's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for short fur (F) is dominant over th... |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which is a compound sentence? | [
"Mr. Chu peeled the tangerine and divided it into sections.",
"We can install the software now, or we can wait until next week."
] | 1 | closed choice | grade6 | language science | grammar | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
aft... | The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.
We can install the software now, or we can wait until next week. | |
Which property matches this object? | [
"breakable",
"bouncy"
] | 0 | Select the better answer. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Materials | Identify properties of an object | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. | Look at the object.
Think about each property.
A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The clay flower pot is not bouncy.
A breakable object will break into pieces if you drop it. The clay flower pot is breakable. | |
Which animal's feet are also adapted for sticking to smooth surfaces? | [
"Costa Rica brook frog",
"blue-footed booby"
] | 0 | Red-eyed tree frogs live in the rain forests of Central America. They spend most of their lives in trees. The feet of the tree frog are adapted to stick to the smooth surfaces of leaves.
Figure: red-eyed tree frog. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: feet and limbs | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur m... | Look at the picture of the red-eyed tree frog.
The red-eyed tree frog has wide, sticky toes. Its feet are adapted for sticking to smooth surfaces. The red-eyed tree frog uses its toes to walk on the smooth surfaces of leaves without slipping.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
Th... | |
What is the capital of Indiana? | [
"Indianapolis",
"Topeka",
"Fort Wayne",
"Providence"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Midwest | Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana. | |||
Not supported with pagination yet | What information supports the conclusion that Albert acquired this trait? | [
"Albert's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle.",
"Some scars fade more quickly than others."
] | 0 | Read the description of a trait.
Albert has a scar on his right arm. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Traits and heredity | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's lif... | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Select the animal that has a backbone. | [
"goose",
"castor bean tick"
] | 0 | Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians all have backbones. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify animals with and without backbones | Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.
Other animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals witho... | A castor bean tick is an insect. Like other insects, a castor bean tick does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.
A goose is a bird. Like other birds, a goose has a backbone. |
Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"repel",
"attract"
] | 1 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.
Here are some examples of magnets. The no... | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
I can't believe you'd hire Tyler Khan to watch your dog! Did you know that his friend adopted a dog but then took it back to the shelter after just one week? | [
"straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against",
"guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade8 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Classify logical fallacies | A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fal... | The text argues that Tyler must be an irresponsible dog owner, because his friend was an irresponsible dog owner. However, even though Tyler's friend was irresponsible, that doesn't necessarily mean that Tyler is also irresponsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Complete the statement. Assume that Alec's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between Alec and Earth () as he hiked toward the summit. | [
"stayed the same",
"decreased",
"increased"
] | 2 | Read the text about a person in motion.
Alec hiked up a tall mountain. He followed a trail all the way to the summit. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | physics | Kinetic and potential energy | Identify changes in gravitational potential energy | Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.
The amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitati... | Think about how the distance between Alec and the center of Earth changed.
The summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Alec started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Alec and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Alec and Earth incr... |
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Hayley had her fifteen minutes when her video of kayaking with dolphins went viral. | [
"modern history",
"a song"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade10 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which C... | The source of the allusion fifteen minutes is modern history.
In a catalog that accompanied an exhibit of his work, pop artist Andy Warhol said, "In the future, everybody will be world-famous for fifteen minutes," meaning that fame would be briefly available even to those who did nothing spectacular.
The allusion fifte... | |
Which animal's limbs are also adapted for climbing trees? | [
"white-cheeked gibbon",
"California sea lion"
] | 0 | Chimpanzees live in the forests of Central Africa. Their limbs are adapted for climbing trees.
Figure: chimpanzee. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: feet and limbs | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For examp... | Look at the picture of the chimpanzee.
The chimpanzee uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The white-cheeked gibbon has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted f... | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Select the action that doesn't belong. | [
"cut",
"shampoo",
"style",
"boil"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade5 | language science | vocabulary | Categories | Select the words that don't belong | Boil doesn't belong.
Shampoo, cut, and style all describe things you do to hair. | ||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which is a compound sentence? | [
"The queen was invited to the ball, so she bought a new dress.",
"Every month the mayor gives a speech to the citizens."
] | 0 | closed choice | grade5 | language science | grammar | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence simple or compound? | A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.
The pitcher threw the ball to first base.
A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.
Some simple sentences have a compound subject or ... | The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.
The queen was invited to the ball, so she bought a new dress. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
tentacle - torpedo | [
"tundra",
"those"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade6 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second let... | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since those is between the guide words tentacle - torpedo, it would be found on that page. | |
What is the name of the colony shown? | [
"Georgia",
"South Carolina",
"North Carolina",
"Florida"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade7 | social science | us-history | Colonial America | Identify the Thirteen Colonies | The colony is South Carolina. | |||
Not supported with pagination yet | Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait? | [
"wrinkled peas",
"round peas"
] | 1 | In a group of pea plants, some individuals have round peas and others have wrinkled peas. In this group, the gene for the pea shape trait has two alleles. The allele for round peas (E) is dominant over the allele for wrinkled peas (e).
A certain pea plant from this group has the homozygous genotype EE for the pea shape... | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different ... | The pea plant's genotype for the pea shape gene is EE. The pea plant's genotype of EE has only E allelles. The E allele is for round peas. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait must be round peas.
To check this answer, consider whether the pea plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for ro... |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which type of sentence is this?
Kenny always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor. | [
"compound-complex",
"compound",
"complex",
"simple"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade8 | language science | grammar | Phrases and clauses | Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alon... | The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.
Kenny always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor. | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Which metal paper clip has a higher temperature? | [
"the metal paper clip with more thermal energy",
"the metal paper clip with less thermal energy"
] | 0 | Two metal paper clips are identical except for their thermal energies. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | physics | Thermal energy | How are temperature and mass related to thermal energy? | Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.
The energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. ... | The two metal paper clips are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the metal paper clip with more thermal energy has a higher temperature. |
As Ivan pulls on the umbrella, what is the direction of the opposing force? | [
"away from Ivan",
"toward Ivan"
] | 0 | The text below describes a pair of opposing forces. Opposing forces act on an object in opposite directions. Read the text. Then answer the question below.
Ivan uses his umbrella on a windy day. Think about two of the forces that act on the umbrella:
Ivan pulls toward himself.
The wind pushes away from Ivan. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | How do balanced and unbalanced forces affect motion? | A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Each force acts on an object in a certain direction. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, they are called opposing forces. | Find the direction Ivan pulls on the umbrella.
Ivan uses his umbrella on a windy day. Think about two of the forces that act on the umbrella:
Ivan pulls toward himself.
The wind pushes away from Ivan.
The text tells you that Ivan pulls toward himself. The opposite direction is away from Ivan. So, the direction of the o... | |
Not supported with pagination yet | Based on this information, what is this muskmelon plant's genotype for the fruit taste gene? | [
"FF",
"sour fruit"
] | 0 | In a group of muskmelon plants, some individuals have sour fruit and others have sweet fruit. In this group, the gene for the fruit taste trait has two alleles. The allele F is for sour fruit, and the allele f is for sweet fruit.
A certain muskmelon plant from this group has sour fruit. This plant has two alleles for s... | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different ... | An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The muskmelon plant has two alleles for sour fruit (F). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit taste gene is FF. |
Subsets and Splits
Validation Subject & Topic Summary
Reveals the distribution and count of images across different subjects, topics, and categories, highlighting the most prevalent combinations.
SQL Console for derek-thomas/ScienceQA
This query provides a balanced sample of entries across different topics where images are missing, allowing for a more representative analysis of text-only data.
SQL Console for derek-thomas/ScienceQA
This query provides a balanced sample of text entries across different topics, ensuring that each topic is proportionally represented, which is useful for further analysis or model training.
Random Sample by Topic Ratio
This query balances the dataset by randomly selecting a proportional number of items from each topic to create a balanced subset of 3000 items, revealing how well-represented each topic is in the dataset.
Topic Counts by Grade
Provides a breakdown of the number of questions by topic (physics, chemistry, biology, geography) for each grade level, revealing the distribution of question types.
Validation Category Counts
Counts the number of unique questions per category, helping to understand the distribution of questions across different categories.
SQL Console for derek-thomas/ScienceQA
Identifies categories, questions, and answers that appear more than four times in the validation dataset with images, highlighting common or repetitive entries.
ScienceQA Validation Grouped Data
Provides a count of images and overall occurrences for each combination of subject, topic, category, and answer, helping to identify popular or common configurations.
Train Data with Numeric Choices
This query identifies distinct rows in the dataset where one of the elements in the choices column contains a number and the image column is null, providing insight into data completeness and specific patterns in the choices.
Physics Train with Images and Lectures
Retrieves physics educational records with images and lectures for specific grade levels, providing basic filtering but offering limited analytical insight beyond data availability.
Physics Q&As with Images
Retrieves physics-related training examples with images for specific grade levels, providing basic filtered data but offering limited analytical insight beyond simple categorization.
Physics Questions Gr 2-6 With Images
Retrieves physics-related test items with images for specific grade levels, providing basic filtered data but offering limited analytical insights beyond simple data retrieval.
Filter Text-only Train Questions
Retrieves questions and related metadata from the dataset excluding those with images, offering basic data filtering.
Skills Without Images
Counts the number of skills where the image is missing, providing a basic overview of incomplete data.
Top 10 Hard Text Questions
Retrieves the top 10 longest questions without images, ordered by grade level in descending order, providing basic insight into potentially more complex questions.
SQL Console for derek-thomas/ScienceQA
Counts the occurrences of each category, question, and answer combination where an image is present, providing basic filtering on the dataset.
List ScienceQA Topics
Lists all unique topics in the dataset, which provides a basic overview of the categories present.
Cultural Questions Without Images
Retrieves 100 entries from the 'train' dataset where the image is missing and the topic is 'culture', providing basic filtering with limited analytical value.
Biology Skills for Grades 2 & 3
Lists unique skills and categories for biology topics in grades 2 and 3, providing basic filtering of the dataset.
Biology Qs for Grades 2 &
Retrieves all entries for grade 2 and grade 3 students focusing on the biology topic, providing a basic filtered view of the dataset.
Biology Grade 3 Questions Count
Counts the number of entries for grade 3 students in the biology topic, providing a basic count of data points.
Select Test Rows With Images
The query retrieves all records from the 'test' table where the 'image' column is not null, providing basic filtering without deep analytical value.
Test Images Query
This query retrieves a limited sample of rows where the image column is not null, providing basic filtering but minimal analytical value.
Test Data with Images
The query filters out rows where the image column is not null, providing a basic subset of the data but without much analytical insight.
Select Test Entries With Images
The query retrieves all records from the 'test' table where the 'image' column is not null, providing basic filtering but no deeper analytical insight.