Broken QR Codes (104): images, byte truth where a public reference decoder reads it, geometry, 4 reference decoders

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LICENSE

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+LICENSING OF THIS DATASET IS SPLIT. Read both halves.
+
+1. THE ANNOTATIONS  -- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
+
+   Everything in data/metadata.jsonl that is original work: the established
+   payloads and payload byte strings, the corner quads, finder-pattern centres,
+   QR versions, pixels-per-module figures, provenance fields, and the per-image
+   reference-decoder results. Also this README and LICENSE.
+
+   You may share and adapt these with attribution.
+   Full text: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
+
+2. THE IMAGES  -- NOT LICENSED BY THE PUBLISHER OF THIS DATASET
+
+   The 104 JPEG files are not uniformly owned by the publisher and no licence is
+   or can be granted over them here. They were collected from public web sources
+   as examples of QR codes that fail to decode -- including artistic and
+   generated QR codes whose individual authorship is not documented -- and are
+   made available for research and benchmarking purposes.
+
+   No claim of ownership is made. If you own one of these images and want it
+   removed, open a discussion on the dataset repository and it will be taken
+   down.
+
+   If your use is not research or benchmarking, clear the images yourself.
+
+3. PAYLOAD CONTENTS
+
+   Decoded payloads are reproduced verbatim, including live third-party URLs,
+   because a benchmark with rewritten payloads cannot verify a decoder. No URL
+   here is endorsed, checked, or maintained by the publisher.

README.md

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+---
+license: other
+license_name: mixed-annotations-cc-by-4.0
+license_link: LICENSE
+pretty_name: Broken QR Codes (104) — a hard real-world QR benchmark
+task_categories:
+- image-to-text
+- object-detection
+tags:
+- qr-code
+- barcode
+- benchmark
+- document-understanding
+- computer-vision
+- robustness
+size_categories:
+- n<1K
+configs:
+- config_name: default
+  data_files:
+  - split: test
+    path: data/**
+---
+
+# Broken QR Codes (104)
+
+**104 real QR code images that ordinary decoders fail on**, with byte-level ground
+truth where a public reference decoder could establish it, geometric annotations, and
+per-image results for four reference decoders.
+
+This is a **test set, not a training set**. Every image here was collected *because*
+something failed on it, so the distribution is deliberately adversarial rather than
+representative.
+
+## Why this is hard
+
+**78 of the 104 images are read by none of the four reference decoders**: Apple
+Vision, Apple CIDetector, and WeChat's CNN and classical detectors. The best of them,
+Apple Vision, reads 21.
+
+The failure modes are the interesting part: artistic QR codes where the module grid is
+deliberately obscured by generated imagery, physical damage, extreme perspective, low
+contrast, motion blur, partial occlusion, screen glare, and resolutions from 0.05 to 16
+megapixels.
+
+## What's in each row
+
+| field | notes |
+|---|---|
+| `image` | the picture itself |
+| `file_name`, `image_id`, `width`, `height` | |
+| `has_payload`, `payload`, `payload_bytes_hex` | **26 of 104** have a payload: the images at least one reference decoder reads |
+| `qr_version` | QR version, on **19** images |
+| `quad` | the symbol's four corners in pixels, on **22** images |
+| `finder_centers` | the three finder-pattern centres, on **19** images |
+| `u_px_per_module` | pixels per module, on **19** images |
+| `quad_source` | the reference decoder whose reading gave the geometry |
+| `solved_by_*` | four booleans, one per reference decoder |
+| `n_decoders_solving` | 0–4 |
+
+### Only 26 images can be checked
+
+A payload is given only where a reference decoder reads the code, so **26 is the
+ceiling for scoring**. A decoder that reads one of the other 78 images cannot be
+credited from this dataset, because nothing here says what the right content is.
+Report the denominator you used.
+
+`payload` and `payload_bytes_hex` are not equally populated: 26 rows carry a payload
+string and 20 carry the raw bytes. Where both exist they agree; where only the string
+exists, binary payloads may not round-trip through UTF-8, so **compare bytes when you
+have them**.
+
+## Reference decoder results
+
+Measured on one machine (Apple M2, macOS 14.3.1), decode call only, image already
+resident in memory.
+
+| decoder | solves / 104 | false | p50 µs |
+|---|---:|---:|---:|
+| Apple Vision | 21 | 0 | 11,195 |
+| Apple CIDetector | 18 | 0 | 7,168 |
+| WeChat (CNN) | 14 | 0 | — |
+| WeChat (classical) | 13 | 0 | — |
+
+Apple returns a string plus a raw codeword stream and is scored on both surfaces;
+WeChat is string-only.
+
+## Usage
+
+```python
+from datasets import load_dataset
+
+ds = load_dataset("devmandan/broken-qr-codes-104", split="test")
+
+# the checkable subset: the only fair denominator
+checkable = ds.filter(lambda r: r["has_payload"])                  # 26
+
+# the images every reference decoder failed
+unsolved  = ds.filter(lambda r: r["n_decoders_solving"] == 0)      # 78
+
+# geometry-supervised subset
+geo = ds.filter(lambda r: r["quad"] is not None)                   # 22
+```
+
+## Provenance, licensing, and takedown
+
+**Please read this before redistributing.**
+
+The **annotations** in this dataset — payloads, quads, finder centres, versions,
+module scales, decoder results — are original work and are offered under
+**CC BY 4.0**.
+
+The **images** are a different matter and are not uniformly owned by the
+publisher of this dataset. They were collected from public web sources as
+examples of QR codes that fail to decode, including artistic/generated QR codes
+whose individual authorship is not documented. They are published here for
+**research and benchmarking**, which is the purpose for which they were
+gathered. No claim of ownership is made over them.
+
+If you own an image in this set and want it removed, open a discussion on this
+repository and it will be taken down.
+
+**Payload contents are real.** Several decoded payloads are live third-party URLs
+that were encoded in the original codes, some carrying opaque identifiers. They
+are reproduced verbatim because a QR benchmark whose payloads have been rewritten
+cannot be used to check a decoder. Do not treat any URL here as endorsed, safe, or
+maintained, and be careful about resolving them automatically.
+
+## Citation
+
+```bibtex
+@misc{broken_qr_codes_104,
+  title  = {Broken QR Codes (104): a hard real-world QR decoding benchmark},
+  author = {Legut, Daniel},
+  year   = {2026},
+  url    = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/devmandan/broken-qr-codes-104}
+}
+```