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# SPDX-License-Identifier: FSL-1.1-MIT
# Copyright (c) 2026 Cua AI, Inc.
"""Pure logic for the Claude Code benchmark runner: schedule, quota gate, spend ledger, backoff,
wall-clock cutoff and round bookkeeping. No GUI, no model calls, so it is unit-tested.
Pre-registered rules implemented here:
* Task-major blocks in a fixed priority order, never shuffled. Phase 1: for each task, runs 1-3, each
run a pair of back-to-back trials (one per arm). Phase 2 (only after phase 1 is complete for every
task and quota allows): for each task, runs 4-5 as a block of 2 pairs.
* For the task at 0-based position ``i`` and 0-based run ``r`` the first arm of the pair is
``arms[0]`` when ``(i + r)`` is even and ``arms[1]`` otherwise. Both arms share the run's seed.
* A block is the unit of completeness. Only complete blocks are analysed; rows of an interrupted
block are kept and flagged ``block_incomplete``.
* No dollar cap by default (subscription). ``total_cost_usd`` is recorded as equivalent cost.
* Stop starting trials when the 7-day quota reaches 0.95 or a quota event reads "rejected" on
the 7-day window. A rejected 5-hour window waits for its reset instead.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import fcntl
import json
import re
import time
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Iterable
SEVEN_DAY_STOP = 0.95
BACKOFF_BASE_S = 60.0
BACKOFF_CAP_S = 900.0
RESET_WAIT_MAX_S = 3 * 3600.0
OVERLOAD_RETRIES = 3
# ---------------------------------------------------------------- tasks and schedule
def priority_key(task_id: str) -> tuple[int, int, str]:
"""CDB-* first (primary result), then MB-NN probes in numeric order, anything else after, by name."""
if task_id.startswith("CDB-"):
return (0, 0, task_id)
match = re.fullmatch(r"MB-(\d+)", task_id)
if match:
return (1, int(match.group(1)), task_id)
return (2, 0, task_id)
def order_tasks(task_ids: Iterable[str], explicit: bool = False) -> list[str]:
ids = list(task_ids)
return ids if explicit else sorted(ids, key=priority_key)
def first_arm_index(task_pos: int, run_index: int, n_arms: int = 2) -> int:
"""Which arm runs first in the pair for task ``task_pos`` and run ``run_index`` (both 0-based):
arms[0] when (task_pos + run_index) is even, else arms[1]."""
if n_arms == 2:
return 0 if (task_pos + run_index) % 2 == 0 else 1
return (task_pos + run_index) % n_arms
def arm_order(task_pos: int, run_index: int, arms: list[str]) -> list[str]:
start = first_arm_index(task_pos, run_index, len(arms))
return arms[start:] + arms[:start]
def trial_id(task: str, run_index: int, arm: str) -> str:
return f"{task}-r{run_index + 1}-{arm}"
def block_id(phase: int, task: str) -> str:
return f"P{phase}-{task}"
def build_pair(
task_ids: list[str], task: str, run_index: int, arms: list[str], schedule_seed: int, phase: int
) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
"""The two trials (one per arm) of one run of one task, in execution order."""
pos = task_ids.index(task)
entries = []
for slot, arm in enumerate(arm_order(pos, run_index, arms)):
entries.append(
{
"trial_id": trial_id(task, run_index, arm),
"phase": phase,
"block": block_id(phase, task),
"run_index": run_index,
"run": run_index + 1,
"task": task,
"arm": arm,
"task_pos": pos,
"arm_slot": slot,
"first_arm": slot == 0,
"schedule_seed": schedule_seed,
}
)
return entries
def build_blocks(
task_ids: list[str], arms: list[str], phase1_runs: int, phase2_runs: int, schedule_seed: int
) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
"""Task-major blocks. Phase 1: every task in priority order, runs 0..phase1_runs-1, each run a pair of
back-to-back trials (one per arm). Phase 2: every task again, the next ``phase2_runs`` runs. A block is
the unit of completeness. Order is deterministic; no randomness is used (the seed is only recorded)."""
blocks: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
for phase, first, count in ((1, 0, phase1_runs), (2, phase1_runs, phase2_runs)):
if count <= 0:
continue
for task in task_ids:
entries: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
for run_index in range(first, first + count):
entries.extend(build_pair(task_ids, task, run_index, arms, schedule_seed, phase))
blocks.append(
{
"id": block_id(phase, task),
"phase": phase,
"task": task,
"runs": list(range(first, first + count)),
"entries": entries,
}
)
index = 0
for block in blocks:
for entry in block["entries"]:
entry["order_index"] = index
index += 1
return blocks
def flat_entries(blocks: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
return [e for b in blocks for e in b["entries"]]
def probe_seed(task_id: str, run_index: int) -> int:
"""Task seed, identical for both arms: sha256(task:run_index) mod 10^6 (as in the pilot)."""
import hashlib
digest = hashlib.sha256(f"{task_id}:{run_index}".encode()).hexdigest()
return int(digest[:8], 16) % 1_000_000
def phase2_allowed(blocks: list[dict[str, Any]], final_ids: set[str], quota_ok: bool) -> bool:
"""Phase 2 starts only when every phase-1 block is complete and quota allows."""
if not quota_ok:
return False
return all(e["trial_id"] in final_ids for b in blocks if b["phase"] == 1 for e in b["entries"])
def block_status(
rows: Iterable[dict[str, Any]], blocks: list[dict[str, Any]]
) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
"""Completeness per block: every (run, arm) trial has a final row. Smoke rows are ignored."""
final: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
for row in rows:
if row.get("smoke") or not row.get("final", True):
continue
final[row["trial_id"]] = row
out: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
for block in blocks:
want = [e["trial_id"] for e in block["entries"]]
have = [t for t in want if t in final]
out[block["id"]] = {
"complete": len(have) == len(want),
"n_trials": len(have),
"n_expected": len(want),
"n_excluded": sum(1 for t in have if final[t].get("excluded")),
}
return out
def flag_incomplete(
rows: list[dict[str, Any]], blocks: list[dict[str, Any]]
) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
status = block_status(rows, blocks)
where = {e["trial_id"]: b["id"] for b in blocks for e in b["entries"]}
for row in rows:
if row.get("smoke"):
row["block_incomplete"] = False
continue
bid = where.get(row["trial_id"])
row["block"] = bid
row["block_incomplete"] = not (bid and status[bid]["complete"])
return rows
# ---------------------------------------------------------------- quota
def quota_gate(
quota: dict[str, Any] | None, seven_day_stop: float = SEVEN_DAY_STOP
) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Decide from the latest normalised quota event (see claude_events.quota_from_event).
Returns ``{"action": "go" | "stop" | "wait", "reason": str, "wait_until": epoch | None}``.
"""
if not quota:
return {"action": "go", "reason": "no quota data yet", "wait_until": None}
seven = quota.get("seven_day")
five = quota.get("five_hour")
status = quota.get("status")
kind = quota.get("type")
if seven is not None and seven >= seven_day_stop:
return {
"action": "stop",
"reason": f"seven_day utilization {seven:.3f} >= {seven_day_stop}",
"wait_until": None,
}
if status == "rejected":
if kind == "five_hour" and (seven is None or seven < seven_day_stop):
return {
"action": "wait",
"reason": "five_hour window rejected",
"wait_until": quota.get("five_hour_resets_at") or quota.get("resets_at"),
}
return {"action": "stop", "reason": f"quota rejected ({kind})", "wait_until": None}
if five is not None and five >= 1.0 and (seven is None or seven < seven_day_stop):
return {
"action": "wait",
"reason": f"five_hour utilization {five:.3f}",
"wait_until": quota.get("five_hour_resets_at"),
}
return {"action": "go", "reason": "ok", "wait_until": None}
# ---------------------------------------------------------------- backoff, cutoff
def backoff_seconds(
attempt: int, base: float = BACKOFF_BASE_S, cap: float = BACKOFF_CAP_S
) -> float:
"""Exponential backoff: base, 2*base, 4*base ... capped. ``attempt`` is 0-based."""
return min(cap, base * (2 ** max(0, attempt)))
def wait_seconds(
attempt: int,
reset_epoch: float | None,
now: float | None = None,
max_wait: float = RESET_WAIT_MAX_S,
) -> float:
"""Wait until the reset time when the message carries one (plus a small margin, at most
``max_wait``); otherwise exponential backoff."""
now = time.time() if now is None else now
if reset_epoch and reset_epoch > now:
return min(max_wait, reset_epoch - now + 30.0)
return backoff_seconds(attempt)
def parse_utc(text: str) -> float:
"""ISO-8601 -> epoch seconds. A value without a zone is read as UTC."""
value = datetime.fromisoformat(text.strip().replace("Z", "+00:00"))
if value.tzinfo is None:
value = value.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
return value.timestamp()
def past_cutoff(cutoff_epoch: float | None, now: float | None = None) -> bool:
return cutoff_epoch is not None and (time.time() if now is None else now) >= cutoff_epoch
def block_fits(
cutoff_epoch: float | None,
est_block_s: float | None,
now: float | None = None,
margin: float = 1.1,
) -> bool:
"""For phase-2 blocks: start only if a whole block is expected to finish before the cutoff so a
block is not wasted as incomplete. Unknown estimate means do not start."""
if cutoff_epoch is None:
return True
if not est_block_s:
return False
now = time.time() if now is None else now
return now + est_block_s * margin <= cutoff_epoch
# ---------------------------------------------------------------- ledger
class Ledger:
"""Shared append-only JSONL ledger of model spend (equivalent cost), safe across processes."""
def __init__(self, path: Path) -> None:
self.path = path
self.path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
def append(
self, who: str, purpose: str, model: str | None, cost_usd: float | None, **extra: Any
) -> dict[str, Any]:
entry = {
"ts": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(timespec="seconds"),
"who": who,
"purpose": purpose,
"model": model,
"cost_usd": cost_usd,
**extra,
}
with self.path.open("a", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
fcntl.flock(handle, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
try:
handle.write(json.dumps(entry) + "\n")
handle.flush()
finally:
fcntl.flock(handle, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
return entry
def entries(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
if not self.path.exists():
return []
out = []
for line in self.path.read_text("utf-8").splitlines():
try:
out.append(json.loads(line))
except json.JSONDecodeError:
continue
return out
def cumulative(self, who: str | None = None) -> float:
return round(
sum(
float(e.get("cost_usd") or 0.0)
for e in self.entries()
if who is None or e.get("who") == who
),
6,
)
def budget_allows(cumulative: float, per_trial_cap: float, cap: float | None) -> bool:
"""Optional dollar gate. ``cap=None`` (the default) never refuses."""
if cap is None:
return True
return cumulative + per_trial_cap <= cap
# ---------------------------------------------------------------- resume
def completed_trial_ids(rows: Iterable[dict[str, Any]]) -> set[str]:
"""Trial ids that are final: a row exists that is not a retryable infra failure awaiting retry."""
done: set[str] = set()
for row in rows:
if row.get("smoke"):
continue
if row.get("final", True):
done.add(row["trial_id"])
return done
def load_rows(path: Path) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
if not path.exists():
return []
rows = []
for line in path.read_text("utf-8").splitlines():
try:
rows.append(json.loads(line))
except json.JSONDecodeError:
continue
return rows
# ---------------------------------------------------------------- pins
PIN_INFO_KEYS = (
"release",
"cua_driver_git_sha",
"cua_driver_tarball",
"cua_skills_tarball",
) # recorded, checked elsewhere
def compare_pins(
expected: dict[str, Any], observed: dict[str, Any]
) -> list[tuple[str, Any, Any, bool]]:
"""One row per expected pin: (name, expected, observed, matches). A pin that was not observed fails."""
rows = []
for key, want in expected.items():
if key.startswith("_") or key in PIN_INFO_KEYS:
continue
got = observed.get(key)
rows.append((key, want, got, got == want))
return rows
# ---------------------------------------------------------------- latest known quota (no model call)
def persist_quota(path: Path, quota: dict[str, Any], source: str) -> None:
"""Remember the latest quota reading so the launcher can gate without a model call."""
path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
keep = {
k: quota.get(k)
for k in (
"five_hour",
"seven_day",
"status",
"type",
"five_hour_resets_at",
"seven_day_resets_at",
"resets_at",
)
}
keep.update(ts=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(timespec="seconds"), source=source)
tmp = path.with_suffix(".tmp")
tmp.write_text(json.dumps(keep, indent=2) + "\n", "utf-8")
tmp.replace(path)
def latest_known_quota(latest_path: Path, ledger_path: Path) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
"""The most recent seven-day reading from quota_latest.json or from ledger entries that carry
``seven_day_after``. Returns None when nothing is known."""
candidates: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
if latest_path.exists():
try:
data = json.loads(latest_path.read_text("utf-8"))
if data.get("seven_day") is not None:
candidates.append(data)
except json.JSONDecodeError:
pass
if ledger_path.exists():
for line in ledger_path.read_text("utf-8").splitlines():
try:
entry = json.loads(line)
except json.JSONDecodeError:
continue
if entry.get("seven_day_after") is not None:
candidates.append(
{
"ts": entry["ts"],
"seven_day": entry["seven_day_after"],
"five_hour": None,
"source": f"ledger:{entry.get('purpose', '')[:40]}",
}
)
if not candidates:
return None
return max(candidates, key=lambda c: c.get("ts", ""))
def gate_decision(
latest: dict[str, Any] | None, stop: float = SEVEN_DAY_STOP, now: float | None = None
) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Launch gate from the latest known quota. The seven-day figure only grows until its reset, so a
reading at or above ``stop`` blocks the launch until the window has reset."""
now = time.time() if now is None else now
if not latest or latest.get("seven_day") is None:
return {
"action": "unknown",
"reason": "no quota reading on file; the runner's preflight probes the quota itself",
}
seven = float(latest["seven_day"])
resets = latest.get("seven_day_resets_at") or latest.get("resets_at")
window_over = bool(resets and float(resets) < now and latest.get("status") != "rejected")
if seven >= stop and not window_over:
until = (
datetime.fromtimestamp(float(resets), timezone.utc).isoformat(timespec="minutes")
if resets
else "unknown"
)
return {
"action": "gated",
"seven_day": seven,
"as_of": latest.get("ts"),
"reason": f"seven_day utilization {seven:.3f} >= {stop} as of {latest.get('ts')}; window resets {until}",
}
if window_over:
return {
"action": "unknown",
"reason": f"last reading ({seven:.3f}) is from a window that has reset; the runner will probe",
}
return {
"action": "go",
"seven_day": seven,
"as_of": latest.get("ts"),
"reason": f"seven_day utilization {seven:.3f} < {stop} as of {latest.get('ts')}",
}