Datasets:
v1.3
Browse files- README.md +90 -94
- data/test-00000.parquet +2 -2
- data/train-00000.parquet +2 -2
- data/validation-00000.parquet +2 -2
README.md
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# Solana Program Types
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**
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type (`domain` / `type`, 34 types) and capability flags. The inputs are static features extracted from each program's
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deployed bytecode (instruction names, source paths, crates, embedded program IDs, strings) plus sampled on-chain
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behaviour.
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The main use is **recognising program types from deploy-time bytecode**, especially **token launchpads**, including
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escrow, …) are labelled with the same rubric.
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- **
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## Quick start
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## Label sources
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| annotator |
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## Types
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| type | rows |
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| unknown |
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| other |
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| arbitrage_mev |
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| yield_vault |
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| payments_fees |
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| game |
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| multisig_wallet |
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| naming_identity |
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| dca_limit_order |
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| options |
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| liquid_staking |
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## Splits
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- `card`: the text the annotators saw. Strings inside it are untrusted data from binaries.
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- Bytecode is not included; fetch it by `binary_sha256` / `program_id` from mainnet.
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## Benchmarks
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Two model families
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letter per type; the next-token probabilities over the 34 letters give the type distribution, with one temperature
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for calibration.
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###
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| model |
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| gradient-boosted trees |
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| Qwen3-8B LoRA |
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Paired bootstrap of the PR-AUC gap: **+0.
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###
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About 20% of launchpad families (43 of 254) were held out of training entirely.
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| model | set | launchpads | PR-AUC | recall @ P ≥ 0.9 | type macro-F1 |
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| gradient-boosted trees | unseen families | 51 | 0.886 | 0.78 | — |
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| Qwen3-8B LoRA | unseen families | 51 | 0.911 | 0.80 | — |
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| gradient-boosted trees | clone-split test | 26 | 0.856 | 0.54 | 0.537 |
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| Qwen3-8B LoRA | clone-split test | 26 | 0.920 | 0.77 | 0.677 |
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85 programs deployed or upgraded on mainnet were scored by both models at deploy time, then labelled.
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| model | launchpads flagged at 0.5 | correct / false / missed | precision | recall | type accuracy |
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| gradient-boosted trees | 6 | 3 / 3 / 3 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.53 |
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| Qwen3-8B LoRA | 8 | 5 / 3 / 1 | 0.62 | 0.83 | 0.66 |
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This is small (6 launchpads) and not significant on its own, but it agrees with the offline result.
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## Suggested evaluation
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results, and hold out whole launchpad families (`family_hint`, source program names or `clone_group`) for
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generalisation.
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- Exclude `type == "unknown"`: it means "no evidence", not a class.
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- Report launchpad PR-AUC and recall at fixed precision. Positives are rare (about
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## Limitations
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- **Silver labels.** Most labels
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- **A launchpad label is a lead, not a validated deployment,** except registry and owner rows.
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- **Behaviour features are partly circular.** Rule labels were derived from the `b_*` / `t_*` columns
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using them are not comparable with static-only models.
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## Privacy and redaction
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The strings come from public mainnet bytecode. Before release,
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## License
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# Solana Program Types
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**22,743 Solana mainnet programs** (BPF upgradeable loader), one row per program, each labelled with a two-level
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type (`domain` / `type`, 34 types) and capability flags. The inputs are static features extracted from each program's
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deployed bytecode (instruction names, source paths, crates, embedded program IDs, strings) plus sampled on-chain
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behaviour.
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The main use is **recognising program types from deploy-time bytecode**, especially **token launchpads**, including
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launchpads deployed after a model was trained. The other 33 types (arbitrage/MEV bots, bridges, vaults, AMMs, games,
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escrow, …) are labelled with the same rubric.
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- **v1.3** (2026-10-21): about twice v1.2. It adds a third collection wave (11.5k programs still deployed on
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mainnet), so it now covers nearly every upgradeable program active in the last 90 days at collection time. 510
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launchpads in 481 code groups.
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- **v1.2** (2026-10-15): v1.1 plus 85 programs caught by a live shadow monitor.
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- **Labels are agent-made (silver).** See "Label sources" and "Limitations".
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## Quick start
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## Label sources
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Deterministic rules over on-chain behaviour vote first. Then a cheap LLM annotator labels every card, and Claude
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Sonnet adjudicates launchpads, rule-vs-annotator disagreements, launch-word safety-net cases and (in waves 1–2 and
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part of wave 3) bot and token-issuance positives. Owner revisions override everything (`is_gold`). `label_source`
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and `annotators` record the provenance of every row.
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| final label from | rows | rows with a known type |
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| GLM-5.3-flash annotator (wave 3) | 9,750 | 7,105 |
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| GLM-5.3 annotator (wave 2) | 6,561 | 4,251 |
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| Claude Sonnet 5.5 adjudicator | 5,251 | 4,700 |
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| Claude Haiku 5.5 annotator (wave 1) | 1,027 | 833 |
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| Claude Sonnet 5.5 annotator (live rounds) | 85 | 68 |
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| registry | 43 | 43 |
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| owner | 26 | 26 |
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**Every launchpad label** comes from Sonnet, the registry or the owner, never from a cheap annotator alone.
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## Types
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| type | rows |
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| unknown | 5717 |
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| other | 1582 |
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| arbitrage_mev | 1319 |
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| bridge | 1263 |
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| launch_bot | 1089 |
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| yield_vault | 1079 |
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| payments_fees | 895 |
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| escrow | 884 |
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| generic_bot | 863 |
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| stake_pool | 852 |
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| game | 756 |
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| nft_mint | 635 |
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| aggregator | 529 |
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| ico_presale | 528 |
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| launchpad | 510 |
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| vesting_locker | 490 |
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| prediction_market | 454 |
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| airdrop_claim | 437 |
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| amm | 430 |
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| nft_marketplace | 296 |
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| lending_market | 296 |
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| governance_dao | 254 |
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| oracle | 254 |
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| token_factory | 234 |
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| copy_volume_bot | 183 |
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| multisig_wallet | 181 |
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| orderbook | 154 |
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| perps | 135 |
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| naming_identity | 128 |
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| dca_limit_order | 88 |
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| social | 75 |
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| cdp_stablecoin | 63 |
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| options | 52 |
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| liquid_staking | 38 |
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## Splits
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- `card`: the text the annotators saw. Strings inside it are untrusted data from binaries.
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## Benchmarks (static, deploy-time inputs only)
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Two model families on identical rows:
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- **Trees:** gradient-boosted trees over 3,000 bytecode tokens.
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- **8B:** Qwen3-8B with a LoRA adapter (r = 16, one epoch). It reads the static card and answers with one code
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letter per type; the next-token probabilities over the 34 letters give the type distribution, with one temperature
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for calibration. Model: [ethduke/solana-program-types-qwen3-8b-lora](https://huggingface.co/ethduke/solana-program-types-qwen3-8b-lora).
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### v1.3: newest 15% of deployments, never trained on (2,463 programs, 109 launchpads)
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| model | launchpad PR-AUC | recall @ precision ≥ 0.9 | P / R at 0.5 | type accuracy | type macro-F1 |
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| gradient-boosted trees | 0.695 | 0.22 | 0.71 / 0.51 | 0.527 | 0.434 |
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| Qwen3-8B LoRA | **0.879** | **0.69** | 0.79 / **0.84** | 0.653 | **0.649** |
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| average of both | 0.871 | 0.61 | **0.86** / 0.74 | **0.662** | 0.646 |
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Paired bootstrap of the PR-AUC gap (8B − trees): **+0.18**, 95% CI [+0.11, +0.25]. Per-type F1 improves most for
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bridges, stake pools, oracles, perps, payments and aggregators. Bot sub-types (generic, copy-volume and launch bots)
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stay hard from bytecode alone.
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### Earlier results
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- **v1.1, newest deployments (53 launchpads):** PR-AUC 0.873 vs 0.763 for the trees (+0.11, CI [+0.01, +0.21]).
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- **v1.1, unseen launchpad families** (43 families held out entirely): 0.911 vs 0.886, a gap within noise.
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- **Live shadow test** (85 programs scored at deploy time, then labelled): launchpad precision 0.62 and recall 0.83
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for the 8B, against 0.50 / 0.50 for the trees.
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## Suggested evaluation
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results, and hold out whole launchpad families (`family_hint`, source program names or `clone_group`) for
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generalisation.
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- Exclude `type == "unknown"`: it means "no evidence", not a class.
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- Report launchpad PR-AUC and recall at fixed precision. Positives are rare (about 3% of known rows).
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## Limitations
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- **Silver labels.** Most labels are LLM-agent labels; the owner reviewed launchpad-related decisions only, and no
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label-error rate has been measured yet.
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- **Weakest labels: wave 3 bots and tokens.**
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- 1,381 wave-3 bot and token-issuance programs were not adjudicated and keep GLM-5.3-flash labels, including 830
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of the 3,454 `trading_bot/*` rows.
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- On a 60-case check, GLM-5.3-flash matched Sonnet's type 77% of the time, against 87% for a second Sonnet pass.
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- Expect noise between generic_bot, copy_volume_bot, arbitrage_mev, launch_bot and aggregator.
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- **A launchpad label is a lead, not a validated deployment,** except registry and owner rows.
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- **Behaviour features are partly circular.** Rule labels were derived from the `b_*` / `t_*` columns.
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## Privacy and redaction
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The strings come from public mainnet bytecode. Before release, these were redacted (`redact_public.py`):
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- API-key values compiled into programs (`api_key=[redacted]`);
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- personal email addresses (published security and contact addresses kept);
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- developer usernames in build paths (`/home/<user>/`);
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- 64-character hex strings.
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Long base58 strings were checked against ed25519 keypairs; none was a private key.
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## License
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data/train-00000.parquet
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data/validation-00000.parquet
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