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README.md
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As current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) rapidly saturate canonical visual reasoning benchmarks, a key question emerges: do these strong scores genuinely reflect robust visual understanding? In our paper, [*The Cartesian Shortcut: Re-evaluate Vision Reasoning in Polar Coordinate Space*](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09883), we identify a pervasive vulnerability: **the Cartesian Shortcut**.
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| Category | Count | Tasks |
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| **Visual Pattern Matching** | 11 | pattern_completion,
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| **Spatial Transformation & Geometry** | 13 |
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| **Navigation & Routing** | 14 | maze, shortest_path, bounded_path_finding, wrapping_path_finding,
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| **Combinatorics & Probability** | 9 | path_counting,
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| **Algorithmic Logic & Simulation** | 6 |
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As current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) rapidly saturate canonical visual reasoning benchmarks, a key question emerges: do these strong scores genuinely reflect robust visual understanding? In our paper, [*The Cartesian Shortcut: Re-evaluate Vision Reasoning in Polar Coordinate Space*](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09883), we identify a pervasive vulnerability: **the Cartesian Shortcut**.
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Models frequently discretize the orthogonal grid-based layouts prevalent in visual reasoning benchmarks into explicit textual coordinates, offloading reasoning from visual perception to text-based deduction. To re-evaluate visual reasoning when this shortcut is unavailable, we introduce **Polaris-Bench**, which re-formulates 53 visual reasoning tasks in Polar coordinate space with paired Cartesian counterparts that preserve task semantics, disrupting the orthogonal structure that models exploit. Comprehensive evaluation across 14 state-of-the-art MLLMs reveals that frontier models achieving 69–83% on Cartesian layouts collapse to 31–39% on Polar equivalents. Moreover, thinking gains largely vanish on Polar layouts, prompting interventions fail to close the gap, and comparable drops arise on other non-orthogonal layouts. These findings reveal that current MLLMs’ visual reasoning performance is strongly coupled to orthogonal grid structure, a fragility that is consistent across model families but far smaller in humans, who maintain 88.8% accuracy on Polar layouts.
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| Category | Count | Tasks |
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| :--- | :---: | :--- |
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| **Visual Pattern Matching** | 11 | pattern_completion, shape_fitting, layer_completion, fragment_matching, template_matching, jigsaw_matching, shape_completion, odd_piece_out, anomaly_detection, letter_collection, pattern_prediction |
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| **Spatial Transformation & Geometry** | 13 | rotation_matching, mirror_reflection, grid_rotation, rotation_center, pivot_rotation, impossible_shape, grid_folding, four_color, area_counting, pipe_lengths, uncut_cells, area_balancing, curve_length |
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| **Navigation & Routing** | 14 | maze, shortest_path, longest_path, bounded_path_finding, wrapping_path_finding, wrapping_navigation, egocentric_navigation, absolute_navigation, wall_follower, rule_based_navigation, monotonic_path, turn_counting, word_search, largest_number_path |
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| **Combinatorics & Probability** | 9 | path_counting, bounded_diagonal_paths, bounded_knight_paths, checkpoint_paths, lattice_paths, wrapping_diagonal_paths, knight_paths, edge_counting, random_walk |
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| **Algorithmic Logic & Simulation** | 6 | n_queens, sudoku, minimum_flips, maximum_collection, collision_detection, bouncing_point |
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