| { |
| "dataset": "OpenSciGraph Golden Dataset", |
| "version": "v0.1", |
| "release": "v0.1_mvp", |
| "schema_version": "1.0.0", |
| "purpose": "OpenSciGraph v0.1 MVP 黄金数据包：16 组物理概念图谱（16 条概念实体）与 16 道防幻觉 Benchmark 样例，全部经人工逐题复核，可离线直接加载。", |
| "generated_at": "2026-10-14T14:00:28Z", |
| "generated_by": "scripts/build_golden_v01.py", |
| "model_involved": false, |
| "offline": true, |
| "selection": { |
| "mode": "fixed_human_reviewed_ok", |
| "random_sampling": false, |
| "rule": "确定性提取：取人工逐题复核判定为 ok 的全部题目，即概念辨析题 11 道 + 幻觉陷阱题 5 道，共 16 道；不抽样、不含随机性。", |
| "distinction_ids": [ |
| "EVAL_P006", |
| "EVAL_P012", |
| "EVAL_P026", |
| "EVAL_P044", |
| "EVAL_P045", |
| "EVAL_P049", |
| "EVAL_P060", |
| "EVAL_P070", |
| "EVAL_P073", |
| "EVAL_P093", |
| "EVAL_P096" |
| ], |
| "trap_ids": [ |
| "EVAL_P004", |
| "EVAL_P008", |
| "EVAL_P010", |
| "EVAL_P059", |
| "EVAL_P098" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "human_review": { |
| "enabled": true, |
| "method": "人工逐题验算（非模型自评）", |
| "scope": "复核题干条件完整性、选项唯一性与答案键一致性", |
| "verdicts_file": "reports/eval_human_review_stage4.md", |
| "ok_admitted": 16, |
| "suspect_excluded": [ |
| "EVAL_P005", |
| "EVAL_P031", |
| "EVAL_P099" |
| ], |
| "defect_excluded": [ |
| "EVAL_P037", |
| "EVAL_P051", |
| "EVAL_P063", |
| "EVAL_P080", |
| "EVAL_P084", |
| "EVAL_P086" |
| ], |
| "quarantined": [ |
| "EVAL_P021", |
| "EVAL_P029", |
| "EVAL_P033", |
| "EVAL_P061", |
| "EVAL_P066", |
| "EVAL_P075", |
| "EVAL_P078", |
| "EVAL_P088", |
| "EVAL_P089" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "sources": { |
| "concepts": "data/processed/physics_concepts_v2.jsonl", |
| "eval_items": "data/processed/physics_eval_v1.jsonl", |
| "quarantined_items": "data/interim/quarantine_eval.jsonl", |
| "schemas": [ |
| "config/physics_v2_schema.json", |
| "config/physics_eval_schema.json" |
| ], |
| "reports": [ |
| "reports/stage4_mvp_report.md", |
| "reports/eval_human_review_stage4.md", |
| "reports/graph_quality_review.md" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "counts": { |
| "concepts": 16, |
| "eval_items": 16, |
| "eval_items_by_type": { |
| "concept_distinction": 11, |
| "hallucination_trap": 5 |
| }, |
| "distinction": 11, |
| "trap": 5, |
| "formula_reasoning": 0, |
| "eval_pool_after_quarantine": 41, |
| "eval_pool_before_quarantine": 50, |
| "quarantined_removed": 9 |
| }, |
| "field_order": { |
| "eval_item": [ |
| "eval_id", |
| "concept_id", |
| "question_type", |
| "question", |
| "options", |
| "correct_option", |
| "explanation", |
| "target_hallucination_point", |
| "concept" |
| ], |
| "concept": [ |
| "concept_id", |
| "name_zh", |
| "name_en", |
| "wikidata_id", |
| "definition_zh", |
| "formula", |
| "parent_concept", |
| "child_concepts", |
| "license_type", |
| "source_url", |
| "missing_zh_reason" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "data_dictionary": { |
| "top_level": [ |
| { |
| "name": "dataset", |
| "type": "string", |
| "description": "数据集名称。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "version", |
| "type": "string", |
| "description": "数据版本号。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "release", |
| "type": "string", |
| "description": "发布批次目录名。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "schema_version", |
| "type": "string", |
| "description": "本包结构契约版本。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "purpose", |
| "type": "string", |
| "description": "包的用途说明。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "generated_at", |
| "type": "string", |
| "description": "生成时间（UTC，ISO-8601）。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "generated_by", |
| "type": "string", |
| "description": "生成脚本路径。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "model_involved", |
| "type": "boolean", |
| "description": "是否有模型推理参与；恒为 false。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "offline", |
| "type": "boolean", |
| "description": "是否全程离线产出；恒为 true。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "selection", |
| "type": "object", |
| "description": "选题方式与固定 ID 清单。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "human_review", |
| "type": "object", |
| "description": "人工复核口径、准入与排除清单。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "sources", |
| "type": "object", |
| "description": "上游数据与契约文件路径。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "counts", |
| "type": "object", |
| "description": "数量统计。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "field_order", |
| "type": "object", |
| "description": "字段顺序契约。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "data_dictionary", |
| "type": "object", |
| "description": "本字段字典自身（自描述）。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "concepts", |
| "type": "array<object>", |
| "description": "概念实体数组，见 concepts 字段表。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "eval_items", |
| "type": "array<object>", |
| "description": "评测题数组，见 eval_item 字段表。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "notes", |
| "type": "object", |
| "description": "完整性 / 质量 / 许可 / 已知限制说明。" |
| } |
| ], |
| "eval_item": [ |
| { |
| "name": "eval_id", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "评测题编号，格式 EVAL_P + 三位数字。取值规则：EVAL_P### 与 concept_id P### 一一对应（eval_id == \"EVAL_\" + concept_id）。全批次 50 题对应的 concept_id 互不重复，故 eval_id 全局唯一。以脚本生成为准，模型无权改写。", |
| "pattern": "^EVAL_P[0-9]{3}$" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "concept_id", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "该题锚定的物理概念编号，必须存在于 data/processed/physics_concepts_v2.jsonl 中。以脚本生成为准，模型无权改写。", |
| "pattern": "^P[0-9]{3}$" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "question_type", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "题型。三类的配额为 20 / 20 / 10，合计 50 题。以脚本生成为准，模型无权改写。", |
| "enum": [ |
| "concept_distinction", |
| "formula_reasoning", |
| "hallucination_trap" |
| ] |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "question", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "题干，简体中文。必须是完整、自洽、有唯一最佳答案的问句或判断句。", |
| "min_length": 8 |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "options", |
| "type": "array<string>", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "四个选项，按 A/B/C/D 顺序排列。要求：① 恰好 4 个；② 各项非空、互不重复、长度相近；③ 不含「以上都对」「以上都不对」这类依赖其他选项的元选项。", |
| "exact_length": 4 |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "correct_option", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "唯一正确选项的字母。必须与 options 数组下标对应（A=索引 0，B=索引 1，C=索引 2，D=索引 3）。", |
| "enum": [ |
| "A", |
| "B", |
| "C", |
| "D" |
| ] |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "explanation", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "解析，说明正确选项为何成立，并指出主要干扰项的错因。简体中文。", |
| "min_length": 20 |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "target_hallucination_point", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "本题针对的模型盲点描述，例如「混淆概念与学科分类」「把相关关系误判为种属关系（动量→能量）」。即使是概念辨析题与公式题也必须填写，用于标注该题预期暴露的错误倾向。", |
| "min_length": 4 |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "concept", |
| "type": "object", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "该题 concept_id 对应概念实体的内联副本，字段与 concepts[] 逐字段一致，仅供前端渲染便利；以 concepts[] 为准。" |
| } |
| ], |
| "concept": [ |
| { |
| "name": "concept_id", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "概念编号，P + 三位数字，与 config/physics_concepts_100_catalog.json 一致；以清单为准，模型无权改写。", |
| "pattern": "^P[0-9]{3}$" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "name_zh", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "中文名称。允许为空字符串（缺失时保留空值，并在 missing_zh_reason 中记录原因）。", |
| "allow_empty_string": true |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "name_en", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "英文名称。以清单为准，模型无权改写。", |
| "allow_empty_string": true |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "wikidata_id", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": true, |
| "description": "Wikidata QID。离线批次无法核验，默认写 null，等待阶段三联网核验后回填；不得填入模型凭记忆生成的未核验值。", |
| "pattern": "^Q[1-9][0-9]*$" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "definition_zh", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "中文定义，一句话可陈述的物理定义。", |
| "min_length": 10 |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "formula", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": true, |
| "description": "该概念的核心公式（如 F = ma）。无公式的概念（如惯性、能量等描述性概念）写 null。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "parent_concept", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": true, |
| "description": "上位概念的中文名，用于构建层级边。无明确上位概念时写 null。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "child_concepts", |
| "type": "array<string>", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "下位概念中文名列表，缺失时为空列表 []，不得为 null。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "license_type", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": false, |
| "description": "许可标识。本离线批次来源未核验，统一写 UNVERIFIED；来源与许可审核通过后才可替换为 CC0 / CC BY-SA 4.0 等真实值。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "source_url", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": true, |
| "description": "来源链接。离线批次不得臆造，默认写 null，等待阶段三联网核验后回填。" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "missing_zh_reason", |
| "type": "string", |
| "required": true, |
| "nullable": true, |
| "description": "name_zh 为空时的原因说明；name_zh 正常时为 null。" |
| } |
| ] |
| }, |
| "notes": { |
| "integrity": "eval_items[].concept 是 concepts[] 中同 concept_id 记录的内联副本，两者逐字段完全一致；以 concepts[] 为准。", |
| "quality": "16 道题均为人工逐题验算通过（题干条件完整、选项唯一、答案键与解析一致），已剔除阶段三确认的 9 道缺陷题与阶段四复核发现的全部缺陷/存疑题，且不含公式计算题。", |
| "license": "concepts[].license_type 统一为 UNVERIFIED：离线批次未联网核验来源，wikidata_id 与 source_url 一律为 null，未冒充真实 Wikidata / Wikipedia 数据。", |
| "known_limits": [ |
| "concepts[].parent_concept / child_concepts 为模型推断的层级边，阶段二复核实测约半数边不可信（双向闭合率仅 48.4%），仅供检索参考，不可作为权威本体。", |
| "EVAL_P049 题干内嵌了选项文本（格式瑕疵），不影响答案键正确性。", |
| "公式计算题（16 道）按要求未纳入本包，也未经逐题复核。", |
| "suspect 与 defect 题目仍留在主线数据 physics_eval_v1.jsonl 中，扩充评测集前须先修正或剔除。" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "concepts": [ |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P004", |
| "name_zh": "万有引力定律", |
| "name_en": "Newton's law of universal gravitation", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "两个物体之间存在相互吸引的力，其大小与两物体质量的乘积成正比，与它们距离的平方成反比。", |
| "formula": "F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2", |
| "parent_concept": "力", |
| "child_concepts": [], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P006", |
| "name_zh": "能量", |
| "name_en": "Energy", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体进行工作或引起变化的能力。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "物理量", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "动能", |
| "势能", |
| "内能" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P008", |
| "name_zh": "功率", |
| "name_en": "Power", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "单位时间内完成的功。", |
| "formula": "P = W/t", |
| "parent_concept": "能量", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "机械功率", |
| "电功率" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P010", |
| "name_zh": "加速度", |
| "name_en": "Acceleration", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体速度变化的快慢程度。", |
| "formula": "a = Δv / Δt", |
| "parent_concept": "运动学", |
| "child_concepts": [], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P012", |
| "name_zh": "速度", |
| "name_en": "Velocity", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体位置变化的快慢程度，考虑方向性。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "运动学", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "加速度" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P026", |
| "name_zh": "势能", |
| "name_en": "Potential energy", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体由于位置或其他状态而具有的能量。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "能量", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "重力势能", |
| "弹性势能" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P044", |
| "name_zh": "频率", |
| "name_en": "Frequency", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "单位时间内完成周期性变化的次数。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "振动", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "声频", |
| "光频" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P045", |
| "name_zh": "波长", |
| "name_en": "Wavelength", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "波在一个周期内传播的距离。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "振动", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "声波波长", |
| "电磁波波长" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P049", |
| "name_zh": "波的干涉", |
| "name_en": "Wave interference", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "不同波相遇时相互叠加的现象。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "波动", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "constructive_interference", |
| "destructive_interference" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P059", |
| "name_zh": "温度", |
| "name_en": "Temperature", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体内部粒子无规则热运动的剧烈程度的度量。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "能量", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "热量" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P060", |
| "name_zh": "热量", |
| "name_en": "Heat", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体由于温度差而传递的能量。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "能量", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "热传导", |
| "热对流", |
| "热辐射" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P070", |
| "name_zh": "热传导", |
| "name_en": "Thermal conduction", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体内部由于温度差引起的热量传递。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "热传递", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "导热系数" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P073", |
| "name_zh": "电荷", |
| "name_en": "Electric charge", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物质的一种属性，能够吸引或排斥带电粒子。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "电学", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "正电荷", |
| "负电荷" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P093", |
| "name_zh": "光的偏振", |
| "name_en": "Polarization of light", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "光波振动方向被限制在某一固定平面的现象。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "光的波动性", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "线偏振", |
| "圆偏振", |
| "椭圆偏振" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P096", |
| "name_zh": "光电效应", |
| "name_en": "Photoelectric effect", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "当光照射到金属表面时，能使电子逸出的现象。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "量子效应", |
| "child_concepts": [], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "concept_id": "P098", |
| "name_zh": "波粒二象性", |
| "name_en": "Wave-particle duality", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "微观粒子既表现出波动性又表现出粒子性的性质。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "量子力学", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "光电效应", |
| "不确定性原理" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "eval_items": [ |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P006", |
| "concept_id": "P006", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "关于能量和动能的区别，以下描述正确的是？", |
| "options": [ |
| "能量包括动能、势能和内能等多种形式", |
| "动能是物体由于静止而具有的能量", |
| "能量和动能的单位都是焦耳，因此它们没有区别", |
| "动能可以转化为其他形式的能量，但能量不能相互转化" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "A", |
| "explanation": "正确选项A说明了能量是统称，包括动能、势能和内能等多种形式。主要干扰项B混淆了静止物体不具有动能的概念。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "模型可能混淆静止物体是否具有动能", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P006", |
| "name_zh": "能量", |
| "name_en": "Energy", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体进行工作或引起变化的能力。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "物理量", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "动能", |
| "势能", |
| "内能" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P012", |
| "concept_id": "P012", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "下列描述中，哪一项正确区分了速度与加速度？", |
| "options": [ |
| "速度表示物体位置变化的快慢，而加速度表示物体速度变化的快慢", |
| "速度和加速度都是描述物体位置变化的物理量", |
| "速度是矢量，加速度是标量", |
| "速度和加速度都只考虑运动方向" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "A", |
| "explanation": "正确选项指出速度与加速度的区别在于描述对象不同。主要干扰项错在将速度和加速度混为一谈。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "模型可能混淆速度和加速度的概念", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P012", |
| "name_zh": "速度", |
| "name_en": "Velocity", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体位置变化的快慢程度，考虑方向性。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "运动学", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "加速度" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P026", |
| "concept_id": "P026", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "关于物体的能量形式，以下描述正确的是：", |
| "options": [ |
| "势能仅指重力势能", |
| "弹性势能不属于势能的一种", |
| "势能包括重力势能和弹性势能", |
| "重力势能和弹性势能都是动能的一种" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "C", |
| "explanation": "正确选项为C，因为势能包括了重力势能和弹性势能。主要干扰项A和B错误在于混淆了势能的定义，而D将势能与动能混为一谈。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "模型可能对能量形式的区分不够细致", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P026", |
| "name_zh": "势能", |
| "name_en": "Potential energy", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体由于位置或其他状态而具有的能量。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "能量", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "重力势能", |
| "弹性势能" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P044", |
| "concept_id": "P044", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "在描述一个振动过程时，频率与周期的关系是怎样的？", |
| "options": [ |
| "频率越高，周期越长", |
| "频率与周期互为倒数", |
| "频率表示振动的幅度大小", |
| "周期表示单位时间内振动的次数" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "B", |
| "explanation": "正确选项是频率与周期互为倒数。主要干扰项错误在于混淆了频率和周期的定义，频率表示单位时间内完成的振动次数，而周期则是完成一次振动所需的时间。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "频率和周期的关系容易混淆", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P044", |
| "name_zh": "频率", |
| "name_en": "Frequency", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "单位时间内完成周期性变化的次数。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "振动", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "声频", |
| "光频" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P045", |
| "concept_id": "P045", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "下列关于波长和波速的说法中，正确的是？", |
| "options": [ |
| "波长是相邻同相点之间的距离，波速表示波传播的快慢", |
| "波长和波速都是描述波的频率特征", |
| "波长和波速都与介质无关", |
| "波长和波速的单位相同" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "A", |
| "explanation": "正确选项指出了波长和波速的本质区别。主要干扰项错在混淆了波长与波速的定义，认为它们描述的是相同的物理特征。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "模型可能混淆波长与波速的概念及其物理意义", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P045", |
| "name_zh": "波长", |
| "name_en": "Wavelength", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "波在一个周期内传播的距离。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "振动", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "声波波长", |
| "电磁波波长" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P049", |
| "concept_id": "P049", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "以下哪种现象描述了波在遇到障碍物时的行为？A. 干涉 B. 波动 C. 衍射 D. 稳定叠加", |
| "options": [ |
| "干涉", |
| "波动", |
| "衍射", |
| "稳定叠加" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "C", |
| "explanation": "正确答案是C，衍射描述了波在遇到障碍物时绕过障碍物继续传播的现象。干扰项‘干涉’是两列波相遇时相互叠加的现象，容易混淆。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "模型可能将干涉与衍射混淆", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P049", |
| "name_zh": "波的干涉", |
| "name_en": "Wave interference", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "不同波相遇时相互叠加的现象。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "波动", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "constructive_interference", |
| "destructive_interference" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P060", |
| "concept_id": "P060", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "关于热量和内能，下列说法正确的是？", |
| "options": [ |
| "热量是物体间因温度差而传递的能量，内能是物体内部所有分子的动能和势能之和", |
| "热量可以用来描述物体内部能量总和，内能是能量传递的过程量", |
| "热量和内能都可以用焦耳作为单位，因此它们在本质上没有区别", |
| "热量是指物体的内能变化，内能是物体与外界进行热交换的结果" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "A", |
| "explanation": "正确选项为A，热量描述的是能量传递的过程量，而内能描述的是物体内部能量总和的状态量。主要干扰项B混淆了热量与内能的定义。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "热量是过程量而非状态量", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P060", |
| "name_zh": "热量", |
| "name_en": "Heat", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体由于温度差而传递的能量。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "能量", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "热传导", |
| "热对流", |
| "热辐射" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P070", |
| "concept_id": "P070", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "在下列哪种情况下，传热主要通过热传导发生？", |
| "options": [ |
| "金属块加热时，热量从高温区向低温区传递", |
| "煮沸的水蒸汽上升到冷锅盖上，形成雾气", |
| "冬天烤火时，人感受到热气", |
| "阳光照射下，物体表面温度升高" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "A", |
| "explanation": "正确选项描述了固体内部由于温度差引起的分子碰撞过程，符合热传导定义。主要干扰项是热对流，它涉及流体的流动，而非分子直接碰撞。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "模型可能混淆热传导与热对流的区别", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P070", |
| "name_zh": "热传导", |
| "name_en": "Thermal conduction", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体内部由于温度差引起的热量传递。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "热传递", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "导热系数" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P073", |
| "concept_id": "P073", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "下列描述中，哪一项正确区分了电荷与电流的本质区别？", |
| "options": [ |
| "电荷是物质的一种属性，而电流是电荷的定向移动速率", |
| "电荷和电流都可以用安培作为单位", |
| "电荷可以存在于绝缘体中，但电流只能在导体中存在", |
| "电荷是瞬时现象，而电流是稳恒现象" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "A", |
| "explanation": "正确选项说明了电荷作为物质属性的本质与电流作为电荷定向移动速率的区别。主要干扰项错在将电流和电荷的单位混淆。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "模型可能混淆电荷和电流的物理本质", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P073", |
| "name_zh": "电荷", |
| "name_en": "Electric charge", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物质的一种属性，能够吸引或排斥带电粒子。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "电学", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "正电荷", |
| "负电荷" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P093", |
| "concept_id": "P093", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "下列哪项描述了偏振与衍射的区别？", |
| "options": [ |
| "偏振说明光波在传播过程中振动方向固定，而衍射说明光波遇到障碍物时会发生弯曲现象", |
| "偏振与电磁波无关，而衍射是波动性质的体现", |
| "偏振和衍射都表明光波可以绕过障碍物", |
| "偏振和衍射都是光的波动性表现形式，二者无区别" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "A", |
| "explanation": "选项A正确地指出了偏振与衍射的本质区别。偏振说明光是横波，振动方向固定；而衍射则描述了光波绕过障碍物的现象。选项D错误在于混淆了二者的性质差异。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "模型可能混淆偏振和衍射的物理本质", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P093", |
| "name_zh": "光的偏振", |
| "name_en": "Polarization of light", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "光波振动方向被限制在某一固定平面的现象。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "光的波动性", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "线偏振", |
| "圆偏振", |
| "椭圆偏振" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P096", |
| "concept_id": "P096", |
| "question_type": "concept_distinction", |
| "question": "在光电效应中，光子与金属表面相互作用，使电子逸出。请问以下说法正确的是：", |
| "options": [ |
| "光子是光的量子，携帯能量和动量，但不是粒子", |
| "光子的能量与频率成正比，而光电效应说明光子可以打出电子", |
| "光子的能量与频率无关，光电效应中电子的逸出与光子数量有关", |
| "光电效应仅发生在特定波长的光照射金属表面时" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "B", |
| "explanation": "正确选项为B，光子是量子，携帯能量和动量。主要干扰项A错在否认了光子作为粒子的存在。C错在认为光子能量与频率无关。D错在限制了光电效应发生的条件。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "模型可能混淆光子的量子性质与其在光电效应中的角色", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P096", |
| "name_zh": "光电效应", |
| "name_en": "Photoelectric effect", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "当光照射到金属表面时，能使电子逸出的现象。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "量子效应", |
| "child_concepts": [], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P004", |
| "concept_id": "P004", |
| "question_type": "hallucination_trap", |
| "question": "关于万有引力定律与力的关系，下列说法正确的是？某同学认为万有引力定律就是一种力，请你判断。", |
| "options": [ |
| "是的，万有引力定律就是一种力", |
| "不是，万有引力定律描述了力的作用规律", |
| "万有引力定律可以产生力，但不是力本身", |
| "万有引力定律与力没有关系" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "B", |
| "explanation": "正确答案为B，万有引力定律描述的是物体之间力的作用规律，而不是一种力。干扰项A和C看似合理，但都未能明确指出二者本质上的区别。D项虽然提到了关系不成立，但没有具体说明正确的关系。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "把相关关系误判为种属关系", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P004", |
| "name_zh": "万有引力定律", |
| "name_en": "Newton's law of universal gravitation", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "两个物体之间存在相互吸引的力，其大小与两物体质量的乘积成正比，与它们距离的平方成反比。", |
| "formula": "F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2", |
| "parent_concept": "力", |
| "child_concepts": [], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P008", |
| "concept_id": "P008", |
| "question_type": "hallucination_trap", |
| "question": "在一次物理复习课上，小明提出了一个观点：‘功率是一种能量’。请问下列说法中，哪一个是正确的？", |
| "options": [ |
| "功率是单位时间内完成的功，是描述能量转化快慢的物理量", |
| "功率和能量一样，都可以用焦耳作为单位", |
| "功率和能量一样，都是描述物体做功能力的大小", |
| "功率和能量一样，都表示物体做功的能力" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "A", |
| "explanation": "正确答案指出功率和能量是不同概念，功率描述的是能量转化的速度，而非能量本身。其他选项都顺从了错误前提，混淆了二者关系。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "把种属关系误判为同一类关系", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P008", |
| "name_zh": "功率", |
| "name_en": "Power", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "单位时间内完成的功。", |
| "formula": "P = W/t", |
| "parent_concept": "能量", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "机械功率", |
| "电功率" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P010", |
| "concept_id": "P010", |
| "question_type": "hallucination_trap", |
| "question": "关于加速度与运动学的关系，下列说法正确的是？某同学认为‘加速度是运动学的一个分支学科’，请问该说法是否正确。", |
| "options": [ |
| "正确", |
| "加速度是描述物体速度变化快慢的物理量，而运动学是研究物体机械运动规律的一门学科，二者不是种属关系", |
| "加速度和运动学都属于力学的一部分，因此加速度可以视为运动学的一个分支", |
| "加速度只是运动学中的一个概念，因此该说法正确" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "B", |
| "explanation": "加速度是物理量，而运动学是学科分类。选项A、C、D均误将二者关系当作种属关系，容易导致混淆。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "把概念与学科分类的关系误判为种属关系", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P010", |
| "name_zh": "加速度", |
| "name_en": "Acceleration", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体速度变化的快慢程度。", |
| "formula": "a = Δv / Δt", |
| "parent_concept": "运动学", |
| "child_concepts": [], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P059", |
| "concept_id": "P059", |
| "question_type": "hallucination_trap", |
| "question": "关于温度与能量的关系，下列说法正确的是？", |
| "options": [ |
| "温度是物体内部粒子无规则热运动的剧烈程度，不是能量的形式", |
| "温度和能量在本质上是一样的，都可以用来描述系统的内能", |
| "温度的变化会引起系统能量的改变，因此温度也是一种能量", |
| "温度反映了系统中分子的平均动能，所以温度就是能量的一种表现形式" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "A", |
| "explanation": "正确答案指出温度是描述分子平均动能的强度量，不是能量的形式。干扰项错在将温度与能量等同起来，忽略了它们在概念上的区别。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "把相关关系误判为种属关系", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P059", |
| "name_zh": "温度", |
| "name_en": "Temperature", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "物体内部粒子无规则热运动的剧烈程度的度量。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "能量", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "热量" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "eval_id": "EVAL_P098", |
| "concept_id": "P098", |
| "question_type": "hallucination_trap", |
| "question": "关于光的性质，以下说法正确的是：某同学认为光电效应是波粒二象性的下位概念，请判断该说法是否准确。", |
| "options": [ |
| "该说法不准确，光电效应是支持波粒二象性的实验现象", |
| "该说法准确，因为波粒二象性是量子力学的下位概念", |
| "该说法不准确，光电效应和波粒二象性没有直接关系", |
| "该说法准确，因为波粒二象性是一种粒子的性质" |
| ], |
| "correct_option": "A", |
| "explanation": "正确答案为A，光电效应是支持波粒二象性的实验现象，而不是下位概念。B、C、D选项均接受了错误前提，混淆了概念与实验现象的关系。", |
| "target_hallucination_point": "把相关关系误判为种属关系", |
| "concept": { |
| "concept_id": "P098", |
| "name_zh": "波粒二象性", |
| "name_en": "Wave-particle duality", |
| "wikidata_id": null, |
| "definition_zh": "微观粒子既表现出波动性又表现出粒子性的性质。", |
| "formula": null, |
| "parent_concept": "量子力学", |
| "child_concepts": [ |
| "光电效应", |
| "不确定性原理" |
| ], |
| "license_type": "UNVERIFIED", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "missing_zh_reason": null |
| } |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
|
|
