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# Copyright 2020 MONAI Consortium
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from typing import Callable, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F

from monai.data.utils import compute_importance_map, dense_patch_slices, get_valid_patch_size
from monai.utils import BlendMode, PytorchPadMode, fall_back_tuple


def sliding_window_inference(
    inputs: torch.Tensor,
    roi_size: Union[Sequence[int], int],
    sw_batch_size: int,
    predictor: Callable[[torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor],
    overlap: float = 0.25,
    mode: Union[BlendMode, str] = BlendMode.CONSTANT,
    padding_mode: Union[PytorchPadMode, str] = PytorchPadMode.CONSTANT,
    cval: float = 0.0,
    device: Optional[torch.device] = None,
) -> torch.Tensor:
    """
    Sliding window inference on `inputs` with `predictor`.
    When roi_size is larger than the inputs' spatial size, the input image are padded during inference.
    To maintain the same spatial sizes, the output image will be cropped to the original input size.
    Args:
        inputs: input image to be processed (assuming NCHW[D])
        roi_size: the spatial window size for inferences.
            When its components have None or non-positives, the corresponding inputs dimension will be used.
            if the components of the `roi_size` are non-positive values, the transform will use the
            corresponding components of img size. For example, `roi_size=(32, -1)` will be adapted
            to `(32, 64)` if the second spatial dimension size of img is `64`.
        sw_batch_size: the batch size to run window slices.
        predictor: given input tensor `patch_data` in shape NCHW[D], `predictor(patch_data)`
            should return a prediction with the same spatial shape and batch_size, i.e. NMHW[D];
            where HW[D] represents the patch spatial size, M is the number of output channels, N is `sw_batch_size`.
        overlap: Amount of overlap between scans.
        mode: {``"constant"``, ``"gaussian"``}
            How to blend output of overlapping windows. Defaults to ``"constant"``.
            - ``"constant``": gives equal weight to all predictions.
            - ``"gaussian``": gives less weight to predictions on edges of windows.
        padding_mode: {``"constant"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"replicate"``, ``"circular"``}
            Padding mode when ``roi_size`` is larger than inputs. Defaults to ``"constant"``
            See also: https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.functional.html#pad
        cval: fill value for 'constant' padding mode. Default: 0
        device: device running the concatenation of the windows.
            By default the device and accordingly the memory of the input device is used. If for example
            set to device=torch.device('cpu') the gpu memory consumption is less and independent of the
            input and roi_size parameter. Output is on the device set or if not set the inputs device.
    Raises:
        NotImplementedError: When ``inputs`` does not have batch size = 1.
    Note:
        - input must be channel-first and have a batch dim, support both spatial 2D and 3D.
        - currently only supports `inputs` with batch_size=1.
    """
    num_spatial_dims = len(inputs.shape) - 2
    assert 0 <= overlap < 1, "overlap must be >= 0 and < 1."

    # determine image spatial size and batch size
    # Note: all input images must have the same image size and batch size
    image_size_ = list(inputs.shape[2:])
    batch_size = inputs.shape[0]

    # TODO: Enable batch sizes > 1 in future
    if batch_size > 1:
        raise NotImplementedError("Currently only inputs with batch size = 1 are supported.")

    if device is None:
        device = inputs.device

    roi_size = fall_back_tuple(roi_size, image_size_)
    # in case that image size is smaller than roi size
    image_size = tuple(max(image_size_[i], roi_size[i]) for i in range(num_spatial_dims))
    pad_size = []
    for k in range(len(inputs.shape) - 1, 1, -1):
        diff = max(roi_size[k - 2] - inputs.shape[k], 0)
        half = diff // 2
        pad_size.extend([half, diff - half])
    inputs = F.pad(inputs, pad=pad_size, mode=PytorchPadMode(padding_mode).value, value=cval)

    scan_interval = _get_scan_interval(image_size, roi_size, num_spatial_dims, overlap)

    # Store all slices in list
    slices = dense_patch_slices(image_size, roi_size, scan_interval)

    slice_batches = []
    for slice_index in range(0, len(slices), sw_batch_size):
        slice_index_range = range(slice_index, min(slice_index + sw_batch_size, len(slices)))
        input_slices = []
        for curr_index in slice_index_range:
            curr_slice = slices[curr_index]
            if len(curr_slice) == 3:
                input_slices.append(inputs[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1], curr_slice[2]])
            else:
                input_slices.append(inputs[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1]])
        slice_batches.append(torch.stack(input_slices))

    # Perform predictions
    output_rois = list()
    for data in slice_batches:
        seg_prob = predictor(data)  # batched patch segmentation
        output_rois.append(seg_prob.to(device))

    # stitching output image
    output_classes = output_rois[0].shape[1]
    output_shape = [batch_size, output_classes] + list(image_size)

    # Create importance map
    importance_map = compute_importance_map(get_valid_patch_size(image_size, roi_size), mode=mode, device=device)

    # allocate memory to store the full output and the count for overlapping parts
    output_image = torch.zeros(output_shape, dtype=torch.float32, device=device)
    count_map = torch.zeros(output_shape, dtype=torch.float32, device=device)

    for window_id, slice_index in enumerate(range(0, len(slices), sw_batch_size)):
        slice_index_range = range(slice_index, min(slice_index + sw_batch_size, len(slices)))

        # store the result in the proper location of the full output. Apply weights from importance map.
        for curr_index in slice_index_range:
            curr_slice = slices[curr_index]
            if len(curr_slice) == 3:
                output_image[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1], curr_slice[2]] += (
                    importance_map * output_rois[window_id][curr_index - slice_index, :]
                )
                count_map[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1], curr_slice[2]] += importance_map
            else:
                output_image[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1]] += (
                    importance_map * output_rois[window_id][curr_index - slice_index, :]
                )
                count_map[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1]] += importance_map

    # account for any overlapping sections
    output_image = output_image / count_map

    if num_spatial_dims == 3:
        return output_image[
            ...,
            pad_size[4] : image_size_[0] + pad_size[4],
            pad_size[2] : image_size_[1] + pad_size[2],
            pad_size[0] : image_size_[2] + pad_size[0],
        ]
    return output_image[
        ..., pad_size[2] : image_size_[0] + pad_size[2], pad_size[0] : image_size_[1] + pad_size[0]
    ]  # 2D


def _get_scan_interval(
    image_size: Sequence[int], roi_size: Sequence[int], num_spatial_dims: int, overlap: float
) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
    """
    Compute scan interval according to the image size, roi size and overlap.
    Scan interval will be `int((1 - overlap) * roi_size)`, if interval is 0,
    use 1 instead to make sure sliding window works.
    """
    if len(image_size) != num_spatial_dims:
        raise ValueError("image coord different from spatial dims.")
    if len(roi_size) != num_spatial_dims:
        raise ValueError("roi coord different from spatial dims.")

    scan_interval = []
    for i in range(num_spatial_dims):
        if roi_size[i] == image_size[i]:
            scan_interval.append(int(roi_size[i]))
        else:
            interval = int(roi_size[i] * (1 - overlap))
            scan_interval.append(interval if interval > 0 else 1)
    return tuple(scan_interval)

	# Copyright 2020 MONAI Consortium
	# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	# You may obtain a copy of the License at
	# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	# limitations under the License.

	from typing import Callable, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union

	import torch
	import torch.nn.functional as F

	from monai.data.utils import compute_importance_map, dense_patch_slices, get_valid_patch_size
	from monai.utils import BlendMode, PytorchPadMode, fall_back_tuple


	def sliding_window_inference(
	inputs: torch.Tensor,
	roi_size: Union[Sequence[int], int],
	sw_batch_size: int,
	predictor: Callable[[torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor],
	overlap: float = 0.25,
	mode: Union[BlendMode, str] = BlendMode.CONSTANT,
	padding_mode: Union[PytorchPadMode, str] = PytorchPadMode.CONSTANT,
	cval: float = 0.0,
	device: Optional[torch.device] = None,
	) -> torch.Tensor:
	"""
	Sliding window inference on `inputs` with `predictor`.

	When roi_size is larger than the inputs' spatial size, the input image are padded during inference.
	To maintain the same spatial sizes, the output image will be cropped to the original input size.

	Args:
	inputs: input image to be processed (assuming NCHW[D])
	roi_size: the spatial window size for inferences.
	When its components have None or non-positives, the corresponding inputs dimension will be used.
	if the components of the `roi_size` are non-positive values, the transform will use the
	corresponding components of img size. For example, `roi_size=(32, -1)` will be adapted
	to `(32, 64)` if the second spatial dimension size of img is `64`.
	sw_batch_size: the batch size to run window slices.
	predictor: given input tensor `patch_data` in shape NCHW[D], `predictor(patch_data)`
	should return a prediction with the same spatial shape and batch_size, i.e. NMHW[D];
	where HW[D] represents the patch spatial size, M is the number of output channels, N is `sw_batch_size`.
	overlap: Amount of overlap between scans.
	mode: {``"constant"``, ``"gaussian"``}
	How to blend output of overlapping windows. Defaults to ``"constant"``.

	- ``"constant``": gives equal weight to all predictions.
	- ``"gaussian``": gives less weight to predictions on edges of windows.

	padding_mode: {``"constant"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"replicate"``, ``"circular"``}
	Padding mode when ``roi_size`` is larger than inputs. Defaults to ``"constant"``
	See also: https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.functional.html#pad
	cval: fill value for 'constant' padding mode. Default: 0
	device: device running the concatenation of the windows.
	By default the device and accordingly the memory of the input device is used. If for example
	set to device=torch.device('cpu') the gpu memory consumption is less and independent of the
	input and roi_size parameter. Output is on the device set or if not set the inputs device.

	Raises:
	NotImplementedError: When ``inputs`` does not have batch size = 1.

	Note:
	- input must be channel-first and have a batch dim, support both spatial 2D and 3D.
	- currently only supports `inputs` with batch_size=1.

	"""
	num_spatial_dims = len(inputs.shape) - 2
	assert 0 <= overlap < 1, "overlap must be >= 0 and < 1."

	# determine image spatial size and batch size
	# Note: all input images must have the same image size and batch size
	image_size_ = list(inputs.shape[2:])
	batch_size = inputs.shape[0]

	# TODO: Enable batch sizes > 1 in future
	if batch_size > 1:
	raise NotImplementedError("Currently only inputs with batch size = 1 are supported.")

	if device is None:
	device = inputs.device

	roi_size = fall_back_tuple(roi_size, image_size_)
	# in case that image size is smaller than roi size
	image_size = tuple(max(image_size_[i], roi_size[i]) for i in range(num_spatial_dims))
	pad_size = []
	for k in range(len(inputs.shape) - 1, 1, -1):
	diff = max(roi_size[k - 2] - inputs.shape[k], 0)
	half = diff // 2
	pad_size.extend([half, diff - half])
	inputs = F.pad(inputs, pad=pad_size, mode=PytorchPadMode(padding_mode).value, value=cval)

	scan_interval = _get_scan_interval(image_size, roi_size, num_spatial_dims, overlap)

	# Store all slices in list
	slices = dense_patch_slices(image_size, roi_size, scan_interval)

	slice_batches = []
	for slice_index in range(0, len(slices), sw_batch_size):
	slice_index_range = range(slice_index, min(slice_index + sw_batch_size, len(slices)))
	input_slices = []
	for curr_index in slice_index_range:
	curr_slice = slices[curr_index]
	if len(curr_slice) == 3:
	input_slices.append(inputs[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1], curr_slice[2]])
	else:
	input_slices.append(inputs[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1]])
	slice_batches.append(torch.stack(input_slices))

	# Perform predictions
	output_rois = list()
	for data in slice_batches:
	seg_prob = predictor(data) # batched patch segmentation
	output_rois.append(seg_prob.to(device))

	# stitching output image
	output_classes = output_rois[0].shape[1]
	output_shape = [batch_size, output_classes] + list(image_size)

	# Create importance map
	importance_map = compute_importance_map(get_valid_patch_size(image_size, roi_size), mode=mode, device=device)

	# allocate memory to store the full output and the count for overlapping parts
	output_image = torch.zeros(output_shape, dtype=torch.float32, device=device)
	count_map = torch.zeros(output_shape, dtype=torch.float32, device=device)

	for window_id, slice_index in enumerate(range(0, len(slices), sw_batch_size)):
	slice_index_range = range(slice_index, min(slice_index + sw_batch_size, len(slices)))

	# store the result in the proper location of the full output. Apply weights from importance map.
	for curr_index in slice_index_range:
	curr_slice = slices[curr_index]
	if len(curr_slice) == 3:
	output_image[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1], curr_slice[2]] += (
	importance_map * output_rois[window_id][curr_index - slice_index, :]
	)
	count_map[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1], curr_slice[2]] += importance_map
	else:
	output_image[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1]] += (
	importance_map * output_rois[window_id][curr_index - slice_index, :]
	)
	count_map[0, :, curr_slice[0], curr_slice[1]] += importance_map

	# account for any overlapping sections
	output_image = output_image / count_map

	if num_spatial_dims == 3:
	return output_image[
	...,
	pad_size[4] : image_size_[0] + pad_size[4],
	pad_size[2] : image_size_[1] + pad_size[2],
	pad_size[0] : image_size_[2] + pad_size[0],
	]
	return output_image[
	..., pad_size[2] : image_size_[0] + pad_size[2], pad_size[0] : image_size_[1] + pad_size[0]
	] # 2D


	def _get_scan_interval(
	image_size: Sequence[int], roi_size: Sequence[int], num_spatial_dims: int, overlap: float
	) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
	"""
	Compute scan interval according to the image size, roi size and overlap.
	Scan interval will be `int((1 - overlap) * roi_size)`, if interval is 0,
	use 1 instead to make sure sliding window works.

	"""
	if len(image_size) != num_spatial_dims:
	raise ValueError("image coord different from spatial dims.")
	if len(roi_size) != num_spatial_dims:
	raise ValueError("roi coord different from spatial dims.")

	scan_interval = []
	for i in range(num_spatial_dims):
	if roi_size[i] == image_size[i]:
	scan_interval.append(int(roi_size[i]))
	else:
	interval = int(roi_size[i] * (1 - overlap))
	scan_interval.append(interval if interval > 0 else 1)
	return tuple(scan_interval)