wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
as "The Church of [[Poor Clares]]," is a famous landmark of the city. It is a small, Gothic-Renaissance (including [[Neo-Renaissance]] additions), single-aisle church built between 1582–1602. The interior is rather austere since the church has been stripped of most of its furnishings. Not a surprising fact, c... | 7,100 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
Island]]) is among the most spectacular and atmospheric places in Bydgoszcz. What makes it unique is the location in the very heart of the city centre, just a few steps from the old Market Square. It was the 'industrial' centre of Bydgoszcz in the Middle Ages and for several hundred years thereafter, and it w... | 7,101 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
that create the unique atmosphere of the island.
[[File:Bdg SpichrzStrPort 7 07-2013.jpg|thumb|left|220px|The Old Port Granary built in 1835]]
[[Hotel "Pod Orlem" in Bydgoszcz|"Hotel pod Orłem"]] (Hotel Adler or The Eagle Hotel), an icon of the city's 19th-century architecture, was designed by the distingui... | 7,102 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
Paul's Basilica]], erected between 1925 and 1939, is the largest church in Bydgoszcz and one of the biggest in Poland. It can accommodate around 12,000 people. This monumental church, modelled after the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]] in Rome, was designed by the Polish architect Adam Ballenstaedt. The most chara... | 7,103 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
were originally used to store grain and similar products, but now house exhibitions of the City's Leon Wyczółkowski District Museum.
The city is mostly associated with water, sports, [[Art Nouveau]] buildings, waterfront, music, and urban greenery. It is worth noting that Bydgoszcz boasts the largest city pa... | 7,104 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
castle and defensive walls. In Bydgoszcz there is a great number of villas in the concept of [[Garden city movement|garden suburbs]].
[[File:Widok z mostu Sulimy-Kamińskiego w Bydg zmierzch panorama1.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Buildings on the Brda (German: "Brahe") River, with the 2004 Tightrope sculpture.]]
#... | 7,105 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
established a branch in Bydgoszcz. Most industrial complexes are scattered throughout the city, however, the 'Zachem' chemical works deserves attention, covering tens of square kilometers in the south-east of the city, the remnants of the German explosives factory built in World War II occupy an area which ha... | 7,106 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
hectares, an attractive place for doing business as companies which relocate there receive tax breaks, 24-hour security, access to large plots of land and to the media, the railway line Chorzów Batory – Tczew (passenger, coal), the DK5 and DK10 national roads, and future freeways [[Expressway S10 (Poland)|S10... | 7,107 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
Revival]] tenement house at Plac Wolności 1]]
Bydgoszcz is a major cultural center in the country, especially for music. Traditions of the municipal theater date back to the 17th century, when the Jesuit college built a theater. In 1824, a [[Former Municipal Theatre in Bydgoszcz|permanent theater building]] ... | 7,108 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
their home. Since 1974, Bydgoszcz has been home to a very prestigious [[Bydgoszcz Music Academy - "Feliks Nowowiejski"|Academy of Music]]. Bydgoszcz is also an important place for contemporary European culture; one of the most important European centers of jazz music, the Brain club, was founded in Bydgoszcz ... | 7,109 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
[[Leon Wyczółkowski]]'s works, it houses permanent as well as temporary exhibitions of art. It is based in several buildings, including the old granaries on the [[Brda (river)|Brda]] River and [[Mill Island in Bydgoszcz|Mill Island]].
In Bydgoszcz the [[Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz#Main edifices|Pomeranian Mili... | 7,110 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
Municipal Public Library in Bydgoszcz|Provincial and Municipal Public Library]] with an extensive collection of volumes from the 15th to the 19th centuries, and old books from Germany.
## Classical music.
- [[Pomeranian Philharmonic|Filharmonia Pomorska im. Ignacego Paderewskiego]] (Ignacy Paderewski's Conc... | 7,111 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
[[Alternative rock|Alternative music]] festival "Low Fi"
- Smooth Festival Złote Przeboje Bydgoszcz
- Eska Music Festival Bydgoszcz
- Hity na Czasie Festival Bydgoszcz
- Bydgoszcz Hit Festival
## Theatre.
[[File:Filharmonia Pomorska AW.jpg|thumb|Pomeranian Philharmonic Orchestra House]]
[[Polish Theatr... | 7,112 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
latest premieres. There are also a number of private theatre companies operating in Bydgoszcz.
In the years 1960–1986 there was an outdoor theater, the reactivation of which is currently being pursued by the Theatre Culture Association, "Fides" and the Acting School A. Grzymala-Siedlecki.
[[File:Bdg OperaNo... | 7,113 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
the interest of many famous artists. Bydgoszcz's stage has been frequented by many global celebrities, including Arthur Rubinstein, Benjamin Britten, Witold Malcuzynski, Luciano Pavarotti, Shlomo Mintz, Mischa Maisky, Kevin Kenner, Kurt Masur, Kazimierz Kord, Jerzy Maksymiuk and Antoni Wit. In recent years, t... | 7,114 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
in the world. Considering the short history of the Opera, its success has been astounding; a large number of famous opera singers have performed there and theatrical troops from the Wrocław Opera, Theater of Leningrad, Moscow, Kiev, Minsk and Gulbenkian Foundation of Lisbon have also made appearances.
## Cin... | 7,115 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
IMG.jpg|thumb|[[Bydgoszcz Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport]]]]
## Airports.
- [[Bydgoszcz Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport]]
## Railways.
Bydgoszcz is one of the biggest railway junctions in Poland, with two important lines crossing there – the east-west connection from [[Toruń]] to [[Piła|Pila]] and the north-... | 7,116 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
PKS Bydgoszcz – operates inter-city and international bus routes.
# Sports.
[[File:Bdg halaLuczniczka 17 07-2013.jpg|thumb|The sport, show and fair arena "[[Łuczniczka]]".]]
[[File:Stadion Zawiszy Bydgoszcz trybuna B.jpg|thumb|[[Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Stadium]]]]
## Sports clubs.
- [[Artego Bydgoszcz]] – ... | 7,117 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz]] – women's volleyball team playing in [[Polish Women's-Volleyball League|Polish Seria A Women's Volleyball League]]: 2nd place in 2004/2005 season, 4th place in 2005/2006 season.
- [[Chemik Bydgoszcz (volleyball)|Chemik Bydgoszcz]] – men's [[Volleyball in Poland|volleyball]] team playing in [[Poli... | 7,118 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
The Club was A Team Polish Champion in the following years: 1938, 1966, 1967, 1970 and for the successive seventeen years from 1993 to 2009.
- [[KKP Bydgoszcz]] – women's football Team.
## Sports facilities.
- [[Łuczniczka]] Sport, Show and Fair Arena
- [[Stadion Zawiszy Bydgoszcz im. Zdzisława Krzyszkowi... | 7,119 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
Aces]] (1951–1960, since 1982)
- Bydgoszcz was the host of the [[International Association of Athletics Federations|IAAF]] [[World Junior Championships in Athletics]]in [[2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics|2008]] and [[2016 World Junior Championships in Athletics|2016]], 2008 and the [[European Ath... | 7,120 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
FIFA U-20 World Cup]]
# Politics.
## Bydgoszcz constituency.
[[List of Sejm members (2005–2007)|Members of Polish Sejm 2007–2011]] elected from Bydgoszcz constituency:
Members of [[Senate of the Republic of Poland|Polish Senate]] 2007–2011 elected from Bydgoszcz constituency:
- Zbigniew Pawłowicz, Civic ... | 7,121 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
overseeing the Old Town. At 1:13 p.m. and 9:13 p.m. the window opens and Pan Twardowski appears, to the accompaniment of weird music and devilish laughter. He takes a bow, waves his hand, and then disappears. This little show gathers crowds of amused spectators.
# External links.
- Bydgoszcz.pl homepage (Po... | 7,122 |
74593 | Bydgoszcz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz | Bydgoszcz
informator bydgoski
- Bydgoszcz news
- Evangelical – Augsburg (Lutheran) Parish in Bydgoszcz
- Foto Galeria Bydgoska – foto.bydgoszcz.pl
# Further reading.
- Ludwig Kühnast: "Historische Nachrichten über die Stadt Bromberg – Von der Gründung der Stadt bis zur preußischen Besitznahme" (Historical news abo... | 7,123 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
Caria
Caria (; from Greek: Καρία, "Karia", ) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionian and Dorian Greeks colonized the west of it and joined the Carian population in forming Greek-dominated states there. The inhabitants of Ca... | 7,124 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
reflect their geographic origin, as Anatolian once may have been widespread. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians or for a people who had preceded them in the region and continued to exist as part of their society in a reputedly second-class status.... | 7,125 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
Caria. South of it is the Iassicus Sinus (Güllük Körfezi) and the towns of Iassus and Bargylia, giving an alternative name of Bargyleticus Sinus to Güllük Körfezi, and nearby Cindye, which the Carians called Andanus. After Bargylia is Caryanda or Caryinda, and then on the Bodrum Peninsula Myndus (Mentecha or Munt... | 7,126 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
Pedasum, and Telmissus. These with Myndus and Synagela (or Syagela or Souagela) constitute the eight Lelege towns. Also on the north coast of the Ceramicus Sinus is Ceramus and Bargasus.
On the south of the Ceramicus Sinus is the Carian Chersonnese, or Triopium Promontory (Cape Krio), also called Doris after the... | 7,127 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
and Schoenus, the last enclosing the town of Hyda. In the gulf somewhere are Euthene or Eutane, Pitaeum, and an island: Elaeus or Elaeussa near Loryma. On the south shore is the Cynossema, or Onugnathos Promontory, opposite Symi.
South of there is the Rhodian Peraea, a section of the coast under Rhodes. It inclu... | 7,128 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
Caria: Calynda on the Indus River, Crya, Carya, Carysis or Cari and Alina in the Gulf of Glaucus (Katranci Bay or the Gulf of Makri), the Glaucus River being the border. Other Carian towns in the gulf are Clydae or Lydae and Aenus.
## Inland Caria.
At the base of the east end of Latmus near Euromus, and near Mi... | 7,129 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
is Labranda. Around Stratonicea is also Lagina or Lakena as well as Tendeba and Astragon.
Further inland towards Aydin is Alabanda, noted for its marble and its scorpions, Orthosia, Coscinia or Coscinus on the upper Maeander and Halydienses, Alinda or Alina. At the confluence of the Maeander and the Harpasus is ... | 7,130 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
Plarasa. Tabae was at various times attributed to Phrygia, Lydia and Caria and seems to have been occupied by mixed nationals. Caria also comprises the headwaters of the Indus and Eriya or Eriyus and Thabusion on the border with the small state of Cibyra.
# History.
## Pre-Classical Greek states and people.
Th... | 7,131 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
hosting the Greeks.
Caria arose as a Neo-Hittite kingdom around the 11th century BC. The coast of Caria was part of the Doric hexapolis ("six-cities") when the Dorians arrived after the Trojan War, in c. 13th century BC, in the last and southernmost waves of Greek migration to western Anatolia's coastline and oc... | 7,132 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
records that at the time of the Trojan War, the city of Miletus belonged to the Carians, and was allied to the Trojan cause.
Lemprière notes that "As Caria probably abounded in figs, a particular sort has been called Carica, and the words "In Care periculum facere", have been proverbially used to signify the enc... | 7,133 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
advance.
## Persian satrapy.
Caria was then incorporated into the Persian Achaemenid Empire as a satrapy (province) in 545 BC. The most important town was Halicarnassus, from where its sovereigns, the tyrants of the Lygdamid dynasty (c.520-450 BC), reigned. Other major towns were Latmus, refounded as Heracleia ... | 7,134 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
of 70 Carian ships. Themistocles, before the battles of Artemisium and Salamis, tried to split the Ionians and Carians from the Persian coalition. He told them to come and be on his side or not to participate at the battles, but if they were bound down by too strong compulsion to be able to make revolt, when the ... | 7,135 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
became members of the Athenian-led Delian League, but then returned to Achaemenid rule for about one century, from around 428 BC. Under Achaemenid rule, the Carian dynast Mausolus took control of neighbouring Lycia, a territory which was still held by Pixodarus as shown by the Xanthos trilingual inscription.
The... | 7,136 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
named any grand tomb a "mausoleum."
## Macedonian empire.
Caria was conquered by Alexander III of Macedon in 334 BC with the help of the former queen of the land Ada of Caria who had been dethroned by the Persian Empire and actively helped Alexander in his conquest of Caria on condition of being reinstated as q... | 7,137 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
separate province as part of the Diocese of Asia.
Christianity was on the whole slow to take hold in Caria. The region was not visited by St. Paul, and the only early churches seem to be those of Laodicea and Colossae (Chonae) on the extreme inland fringe of the country, which itself pursued its pagan customs. I... | 7,138 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
under the Menteşe Dynasty in the early 13th century.
There are only indirect clues regarding the population structure under the Menteşe and the parts played in it by Turkish migration from inland regions and by local conversions, but the first Ottoman Empire census records indicate, in a situation not atypical f... | 7,139 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
to the then much smaller Muğla, which was nevertheless better suited for controlling the southern fringes of the province. Still named Menteşe until the early decades of the 20th century, the kazas corresponding to ancient Caria are recorded by sources such as G. Sotiriadis (1918) and S. Anagiostopoulou (1997) as... | 7,140 |
74588 | Caria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria | Caria
population exchange.
# See also.
- Ancient regions of Anatolia
- Carians
- Carian language
- Aphrodisias
# Bibliography.
- Downloadable Google Books.
# Further reading.
- Riet van Bremen, Jan-Mathieu Carbon (ed.)," Hellenistic Karia: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Hellenistic Karia,... | 7,141 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
Osteopathy
Osteopathy is a type of alternative medicine that emphasizes physical manipulation of muscle tissue and bones. Practitioners of osteopathy are referred to as osteopaths. Its name derives from Ancient Greek "bone" (ὀστέον) and "sensitive to" or "responding to" (-πάθεια).
The UK's National Health ... | 7,142 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
style manipulation in treating musculoskeletal pain.
Osteopathic manipulation is the core set of techniques in osteopathy and osteopathic medicine. Parts of osteopathy, such as cranial therapy, have no therapeutic value and have been labeled as pseudoscience. The techniques are based on an ideology created ... | 7,143 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
to treat back pain and other musculoskeletal issues.
In the United States, the training of osteopathic physicians (who practice osteopathic medicine) has become substantially similar to that of regular physicians. While osteopathic manipulation is still included in the curricula of osteopathic physicians, a... | 7,144 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
with graduates being referred to as "[non-physician] osteopaths". The government policy and legal framework in which practitioners operate vary greatly from country to country.
# History.
Osteopathic medicine was founded by Andrew Taylor Still, a 19th-century American physician, Civil War surgeon, and Kans... | 7,145 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
were forbidden from treatment by conventional medicine, as well as from other practices such as drinking alcohol. These practices derive from the belief, common in the early 19th century among proponents of alternative medicine (then called "irregular medicine" or "unorthodox medicine"), that the body's natu... | 7,146 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
foundations of this divergence may be traced back to the mid-18th century, when advances in physiology began to localize the causes and nature of diseases to specific organs and tissues. Doctors began shifting their focus from the patient to the internal state of the body, resulting in an issue labeled as th... | 7,147 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
as mercury, becoming the forefront in therapeutics. Alternative medicine had its beginnings in the early 19th century, when gentler practices in comparison to heroic medicine began to emerge. Homeopaths, Thomsonians, and hydropaths practiced unconventional forms of healing that may have had strong appeal to ... | 7,148 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
attempting to discredit the other. The irregulars — those who are now referred to as Alternative Medicine practitioners — argued that the regulars practiced an overly mechanistic approach to treating patients, treated the symptoms of disease instead of the original causes, and were blind to the harm they wer... | 7,149 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
to spinal meningitis and noting that the current orthodox medical system could not save them, Still may have been prompted to shape his reformist attitudes towards conventional medicine. Still set out to reform the orthodox medical scene and establish a practice that did not so readily resort to drugs, purga... | 7,150 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
of the next twenty five years, Still attracted support for his medical philosophy that disapproved of orthodox medicine, and shaped his philosophy for osteopathy. Components of this philosophy included the idea that structure and function are interrelated and the importance of each piece of the body in the h... | 7,151 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
in his book "The Philosophy and Mechanical Principles of Osteopathy" in 1892. He named his new school of medicine "osteopathy", reasoning that "the bone, osteon, was the starting point from which [he] was to ascertain the cause of pathological conditions". He would eventually claim that he could "shake a chi... | 7,152 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
law that would legitimize their medical degree to the standard of the allopathic medic. The processes were arduous, and not without conflict. In some states, it took years for the bills to be passed. Osteopaths were often ridiculed and in some cases arrested, but in each state, osteopaths managed to achieve ... | 7,153 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy, rehabilitation, surgery, patient education, diet, and exercise. OMT techniques are not necessarily unique to osteopathic medicine; other disciplines, such as physical therapy or chiropractic, use similar techniques.
One integral tenet of osteopathy is that probl... | 7,154 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
care that embraces the concept of the unity of the living organism's structure (anatomy) and function (physiology). The American Osteopathic Association (AOA) state that the four major principles of osteopathic medicine are the following:
- 1. The body is an integrated unit of mind, body, and spirit.
- 2. ... | 7,155 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
osteopathic approach to health and disease.
## Muscle energy.
Muscle energy techniques address somatic dysfunction through stretching and muscle contraction. For example, if a person is unable to fully abduct her arm, the treating physician raises the patient's arm near the end of the patient's range of mo... | 7,156 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
treated muscle improve its range of motion. Muscle energy techniques are contraindicated in patients with fractures, crush injuries, dislocations, joint instability, severe muscle spasms or strains, severe osteoporosis, severe whiplash injury, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, severe illness, and recent surgery... | 7,157 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
is treated by the osteopathic physician who, while monitoring the tender point, positions the patient such that the point is no longer tender to palpation. This position is held for ninety seconds and the patient is subsequently returned to her normal posture. Most often this position of ease is usually achi... | 7,158 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
velocity, low amplitude (HVLA) is a technique which employs a rapid, targeted, therapeutic force of brief duration that travels a short distance within the anatomic range of motion of a joint and engages the restrictive barrier in one or more places of motion to elicit release of restriction. The use of HVLA... | 7,159 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
carotid arteries or vertebral arteries. People taking ciprofloxacin or anticoagulants, or who have local metastases should not receive HVLA.
## Myofascial release.
Fascia is the soft tissue component of the connective tissue that provides support and protection for most structures within the human body, in... | 7,160 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
by the practitioner is said to be an integral part to achieving a release of myofascial tissues, accomplished by relaxing contracted muscles, increasing circulation and lymphatic drainage, and stimulating the stretch reflex of muscles and overlying fascia.
Practitioners who perform myofascial release consid... | 7,161 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
encourage lymph flow in a person's lymphatic system. The first modern lymphatic pump technique was developed in 1920, although osteopathic physicians used various forms of lymphatic techniques as early as the late 19th century.
Relative contraindications for the use of lymphatic pump treatments include frac... | 7,162 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
evidence for pain reduction for nonspecific low back pain in postpartum women and low-quality evidence for pain reduction in nonspecific low back pain in pregnant women. A 2013 systematic review found insufficient evidence to rate osteopathic manipulation for chronic nonspecific low back pain. In 2011, a sys... | 7,163 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
physiotherapy might not be recommended as routine additional treatment for pneumonia in adults." Techniques investigated in the study included paraspinal inhibition, rib raising, and myofascial release. The review found that OMT did not reduce mortality and did not increase cure rate, but that OMT slightly r... | 7,164 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
that osteopathic manipulation may be beneficial in this condition.
A 2005 Cochrane Review of OMT in asthma treatment concluded that there was insufficient evidence that OMT can be used to treat asthma.
A 2018 systematic review found that there is no evidence for the reliability or specific efficacy of the ... | 7,165 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
Skrabanek classified osteopathy as one of the "paranormal" forms of alternative medicine, commenting that it has a view of disease which had no meaning outside its own closed system.
In a 1995 conference address, the president of the Association of American Medical Colleges, Jordan J. Cohen, pinpointed OMT ... | 7,166 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
said that the worth of manipulative therapy had been exaggerated and that the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) was acting unethically by failing to condemn craniosacral therapy. The article attracted a letter from the law firm representing the AOA accusing Barrett of libel and demanding an apology to a... | 7,167 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
within osteopathy can't compete with the science".
In 1999, Joel D. Howell noted that osteopathy and medicine as practiced by M.D.s were becoming increasingly convergent. He suggested that this raised a paradox: "if osteopathy has become the functional equivalent of allopathy, what is the justification for ... | 7,168 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
follow homeopathy, magnetic healing, chiropractic, and other outdated practices into the pages of medical history."
In 2010, Steven Salzberg wrote that OMT was promoted as a special distinguishing element of DO training, but that it amounted to no more than "'extra' training in pseudoscientific practices." ... | 7,169 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
that in practice they function as separate professions. The regulation of non-physician manual medicine osteopaths varies greatly between jurisdictions. In Australia, the UK, and New Zealand the non-physician manual medicine osteopaths are regulated by statute and practice requires registration with the rele... | 7,170 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
of organizations for national osteopathic and osteopathic medical associations, statutory regulators, and universities/medical schools offering osteopathic and osteopathic medical education, known as the Osteopathic International Alliance (OIA).
The following sections describe the legal status of "osteopath... | 7,171 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
a minimum of five years' university training in anatomy, physiology, pathology, general medical diagnosis and osteopathic techniques to be eligible to practice.
Osteopathy Australia (formerly the Australian Osteopathic Association) is a national organization representing the interests of Australian osteopat... | 7,172 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
which is the regulatory body for all recognized health care professions in Australia. The Osteopathic Board of Australia is separate from the Medical Board of Australia which is the governing body that regulates medical practitioners. Osteopaths trained internationally may be eligible for registration in Aus... | 7,173 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
practicing in all of Canada. As of 2014, no training programs have been established for osteopathic physicians in Canada.
The non-physician manual practice of osteopathy is practiced in most Canadian provinces. As of 2014, manual osteopathic practice is not a government-regulated health profession in any pr... | 7,174 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
many osteopathy clinics are adding patients on waiting lists due to a shortage of osteopaths in the province.
### Quebec.
Beginning in 2009, Université Laval in Quebec City was working with the "Collège d'études ostéopathiques" in Montreal on a project to implement a professional osteopathy program consist... | 7,175 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
controversy with the final decision of the university's committee regarding the continuous undergraduate and professional graduate program in osteopathy because the Commission of studies, which is in charge of evaluating new training programs offered by the university, had judged that the program had its pla... | 7,176 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
medicine" within the European Union; it is on a country-by-country basis. The UK's General Osteopathic Council, a regulatory body set up under the country's Osteopaths Act 1993, has issued a position paper on European regulation of osteopathy.
## France.
"Osteopathy" is a governmentally recognized professi... | 7,177 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
a legal framework for osteopathy, amongst three other non-conventional medical professions, to develop into an independent medical profession in its own right.
In 2011, the Belgian Minister Onkelinx created and established the Chambers for Non-Conventional Medicines and the Joint Commission provided for in ... | 7,178 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
joined together under the name UPOB - BVBO (Union Professionelle des Osteopathes de Belgique - Belgische Vereniging van Belgische Osteopaten - Professional Union of Belgian Osteopaths) in order to consolidate the image and united vision of osteopathy (± 900 osteopaths). This merger also resulted in the creat... | 7,179 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
actions working towards the recognition of osteopathy.
## Germany.
Germany has both "osteopathy" and "osteopathic medicine". There is a difference in the osteopathic education between non-physician osteopaths, physiotherapists, and medical physicians.
Physiotherapists are a recognized health profession an... | 7,180 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
is a separate profession within the health care system. There are many schools of osteopathy in Germany; most are moving toward national recognition although such recognition does not currently exist. In Germany, there are rules (at the country level) under which persons (non-physicians) may call themselves ... | 7,181 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
as an osteopath. Each of the fifteen health professions regulated by the HPCA Act work within the "Scope of Practice" determined and published by its professional Board or Council. Osteopaths in New Zealand are not fully licensed physicians. In New Zealand, in addition to the general scope of practice, osteo... | 7,182 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
practice: Osteopath, Australian qualifications accredited by the Australian and New Zealand Osteopathic Council are also prescribed qualifications.
Osteopaths registered and in good standing with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency – Osteopathy Board of Australian are eligible to register i... | 7,183 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
authorities in New Zealand. Both the Medical Council of New Zealand and the Osteopathic Council of New Zealand [OCNZ] regulate osteopathic physicians in New Zealand. Currently, the country has no recognized osteopathic medical schools.
## Portugal.
"Osteopathy" is a governmentally recognized health profess... | 7,184 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
Martin Littlejohn, a pupil of A.T. Still, who had been Dean of the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine. After many years of existing outside the mainstream of health care provision, the osteopathic profession in the UK was accorded formal recognition by Parliament in 1993 by the Osteopaths Act. This legi... | 7,185 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
General Osteopathic Council has a statutory duty to promote, develop and regulate the profession of osteopathy in the UK. It fulfills its duty to protect the interests of the public by ensuring that all osteopaths maintain high standards of safety, competence and professional conduct throughout their profess... | 7,186 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
osteotherapist, or any kind of osteopath is guilty of an offence unless they are registered as an osteopath. There are currently more than five thousand osteopaths registered in the UK.
"Osteopathic medicine" is regulated by the General Osteopathic Council, (GOsC) under the terms of the Osteopaths Act 1993 ... | 7,187 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
to relieve muscular and skeletal conditions, are referred to as osteopaths. These non-physician practitioners are not permitted to use the title D.O. in the United States. This is to avoid confusion with osteopathic physicians who are medical doctors trained and certified to practice in the branch of scienti... | 7,188 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
medicine" in the United States has always meant a physician trained in and entitled to the full scope of medical practice. "Osteopathy" or "osteopath" as written in some U.S. state and federal laws refers only to "osteopathic medicine" or "osteopathic physicians", respectively. With the increased internation... | 7,189 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
he has toured the Middle East to introduce osteopathy in other Middle Eastern and North African countries, including Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait and Oman.
In December 2007 the first Workshop on Global osteopathic approach was held at the Nasser Institute Hospital for Research and Treatme... | 7,190 |
74591 | Osteopathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osteopathy | Osteopathy
ypt) was founded. OsteoEgypt promotes a two-tier model of osteopathy in Egypt and the Middle East. The event was timed to coincide with the birthday of A.T. Still.
## India.
Sri Sri University is the first university in India to offer M.Sc in Osteopathy programme by following the benchmarks defined by the ... | 7,191 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
Wałbrzych
Wałbrzych (German: "Waldenburg"; Lower Silesian: "Walmbrig" or "Walmbrich"; or "Valdenburk") is a city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland. From 1975–1998 it was the capital of Wałbrzych Voivodeship; it is now the seat of Wałbrzych County. Wałbrzych lies approximately southwest of ... | 7,192 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
the largest castle of Lower Silesia and the third largest of Poland.
# Etymology.
According to the city's official website, the early Polish name of the settlement was "Lasogród" ("forest castle").
The German name Waldenburg (also meaning "forest castle") referred to the castle Nowy Dwór (German: "Burg Neu... | 7,193 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
medieval Slavic settlement whose inhabitants engaged in hunting, honey gathering, and later agriculture. Lasogród eventually developed into a defensive fort, the remains of which were destroyed in the 19th century during expansion of the city. However, some German sources say no archaeological or written reco... | 7,194 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
historian Hugo Weczerka, who says the city was founded between 1290 and 1293, and was mentioned as "Waldenberc" in 1305.
He places the city near Nowy Dwór (German: "Neuhaus"), built by Bolko I the Strict of the Silesian Piasts. The city website, however, cites the building of the castle as a separate event i... | 7,195 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
initially the Schaffgotsches in 1372, later the Czettritzes, and from 1738, the Hochberg family, owners of Fürstenstein Castle.
## Modern era.
Coal mining in the area was first mentioned in 1536. The settlement was transformed into an industrial centre at the turn of the 19th century, when coal mining and w... | 7,196 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
were built. In 1939 the city had about 65,000 inhabitants. It was conquered by the Soviet Red Army on 8 May 1945 - coincidentally, the day World War II in Europe ended.
After World War II, Waldenburg became part of Poland under border changes demanded by the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference. Many of th... | 7,197 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
combining the nearby administrative districts with the town and the construction of new housing estates, Wałbrzych expanded geographically. At the beginning of the 1990s, because of new social and economic conditions, a decision was made to close down the town's coal mines. In 1995, a Museum of Industry and T... | 7,198 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
Wawel Castle and the Malbork Castle.
- Old Książ Castle (Stary Książ). Gothic ruins opposite (across a valley) Książ Castle
- Nowy Dwór Castle. The ruins of the castle Nowy Dwór (Ogorzelec) are on the top of Castle Hill (618 m)
- Czettritz Castle (1604–1628)
- Sanctuary of Our Lady of Sorrows. Gothic chur... | 7,199 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.