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"passages": [
{
"id": "cns-acp-histology",
"datasets": [
"ebr-coarse30"
],
"entities": [
"cns:craniopharyngioma-adamantinomatous"
],
"topic": "cytomorphology",
"he_observable": true,
"text": "The hallmarks of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma are deposits of keratin ('wet keratin') surrounded by loosely textured cells called stellate reticulum. Cords and islands of well-differentiated squamous epithelium bordered by palisading columnar epithelium are distinctive and diagnostic. The adjacent brain can show a florid gliotic reaction that makes the distinction from pilocytic astrocytoma harder.",
"source_id": "pmc10033642",
"locator": "adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, histology",
"quote_type": "paraphrase",
"facts": [
{
"s": "cns:craniopharyngioma-adamantinomatous",
"r": "has_feature",
"o": "cns:wet-keratin",
"he_observable": true
},
{
"s": "cns:craniopharyngioma-adamantinomatous",
"r": "has_feature",
"o": "cns:stellate-reticulum",
"he_observable": true
},
{
"s": "cns:craniopharyngioma-adamantinomatous",
"r": "has_feature",
"o": "cns:palisading-columnar-epithelium",
"he_observable": true
}
]
},
{
"id": "cns-acp-vs-papillary",
"datasets": [
"ebr-coarse30"
],
"entities": [
"cns:craniopharyngioma-adamantinomatous"
],
"topic": "differential",
"he_observable": true,
"text": "Papillary craniopharyngioma is described in its own section of a review organised by the 2021 WHO classification: well-differentiated non-keratinising squamous epithelium lining a fibrovascular core, with squamous whorls, occurring almost only in adults (45 to 60 years), solid and non-calcified on imaging, with fewer cysts. The adamantinomatous type instead shows wet keratin, stellate reticulum and palisading columnar epithelium in a multilobulated, partly calcified cystic-solid mass.",
"source_id": "pmc10033642",
"locator": "papillary craniopharyngioma and adamantinomatous sections",
"quote_type": "paraphrase",
"facts": []
},
{
"id": "cns-acp-libre-profile",
"datasets": [
"ebr-coarse30"
],
"entities": [
"cns:craniopharyngioma-adamantinomatous"
],
"topic": "cytomorphology",
"he_observable": true,
"text": "Libre Pathology lists for the adamantinomatous type trabecular squamous epithelium bordered by palisaded columnar epithelium, lobules with loose stellate reticulum, a well-circumscribed or pseudoinvasive border, multicystic architecture, small to medium cells with basophilic cytoplasm and bland nuclei, nests of whorled wet keratin, and non-psammomatous calcification. The papillary type needs fibrovascular cores. Adamantinomatous tumours carry CTNNB1 mutations with nuclear beta-catenin staining, papillary ones BRAF V600E.",
"source_id": "librepath-craniopharyngioma",
"locator": "Microscopic and General sections",
"quote_type": "paraphrase",
"facts": [
{
"s": "cns:craniopharyngioma-adamantinomatous",
"r": "has_feature",
"o": "cns:pseudoinvasive-border",
"he_observable": true,
"single_tier": "T3"
},
{
"s": "cns:craniopharyngioma-adamantinomatous",
"r": "has_feature",
"o": "cns:multicystic-architecture",
"he_observable": true,
"single_tier": "T3"
},
{
"s": "cns:craniopharyngioma-adamantinomatous",
"r": "has_feature",
"o": "cns:calcification-non-psammomatous",
"he_observable": true,
"single_tier": "T3"
}
]
},
{
"id": "cns-pituitary-adenoma-histology",
"datasets": [
"ebr-coarse30"
],
"entities": [
"cns:pituitary-adenoma"
],
"topic": "cytomorphology",
"he_observable": true,
"text": "A pituitary adenoma shows solid growth, with elongated cells arranged around vessels in some areas and, occasionally, true papillae with a fibrovascular core. Mitotic activity and pleomorphism are nearly always hallmarks of a metastatic neoplasm and are extremely rare in adenoma. The review notes that perfusion imaging helps separate adenoma from craniopharyngioma or haemangioblastoma, which in some cases might be mimickers on conventional MRI.",
"source_id": "pmc10033642",
"locator": "pituitary adenoma section and pathological examination basics",
"quote_type": "paraphrase",
"facts": [
{
"s": "cns:pituitary-adenoma",
"r": "has_feature",
"o": "cns:solid-growth-perivascular-elongated-cells",
"he_observable": true
},
{
"s": "cns:pituitary-adenoma",
"r": "lacks_feature",
"o": "cns:mitoses-and-pleomorphism",
"he_observable": true
}
]
},
{
"id": "cns-pituitary-adenoma-vs-normal-and-metastasis",
"datasets": [
"ebr-coarse30"
],
"entities": [
"cns:pituitary-adenoma",
"cns:metastasis"
],
"topic": "differential",
"he_observable": true,
"text": "The first pathology question is whether the tissue contains normal pituitary. Reticulin staining is the most helpful tool to separate adenoma from normal adenohypophysis or hyperplasia: the normal anterior pituitary keeps its reticulin network, hyperplasia expands it, and adenoma disrupts it. Against metastasis, mitotic activity and cellular pleomorphism are nearly always hallmarks of a metastatic neoplasm and extremely rare in adenoma, and cytokeratin or CD45 staining separates carcinoma or lymphoma.",
"source_id": "pmc10033642",
"locator": "pathological examination basics",
"quote_type": "paraphrase",
"facts": [
{
"s": "cns:pituitary-adenoma",
"r": "distinguished_from",
"o": "cns:metastasis",
"feature": "cns:no-mitoses-or-pleomorphism",
"he_observable": true
}
]
},
{
"id": "cns-pituitary-adenoma-libre-profile",
"datasets": [
"ebr-coarse30"
],
"entities": [
"cns:pituitary-adenoma"
],
"topic": "immunohistochemistry",
"he_observable": false,
"text": "Libre Pathology says the term pituitary adenoma is deprecated in favour of pituitary neuroendocrine tumour (PitNET) in the 2022 WHO endocrine classification, which types tumours by hormone and transcription-factor staining (PIT1, TPIT, SF1). It notes loss of reticulin between tumour cells, chromogranin and synaptophysin positivity, and a MIB-1 index usually under 3 percent. Hormone and transcription-factor staining is not visible on H&E.",
"source_id": "librepath-pituitary-gland",
"locator": "PitNET section",
"quote_type": "paraphrase",
"facts": [
{
"s": "cns:pituitary-adenoma",
"r": "has_feature",
"o": "cns:reticulin-loss-between-cells",
"he_observable": false,
"single_tier": "T3"
}
]
}
]
}
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