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(2021).
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Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge Engr. Alessandro Manzoni from the IRCCS Fondazione Pascale for his support for management
of technical instruments. We would like to acknowledge Ph.D Mario Sicuranza from ICAR-CNR for the development and
technical implementation of the BRACS site.
Author contributions statement
National Cancer Institute- IRCCS-Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
Anna Maria Anniciello, Gerardo Botti, Maurizio Di Bonito, Florinda Feroce, Giosuè Scognamiglio
Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking-CNR, Naples, Italy
Nadia Brancati, Giuseppe De Pietro, Maria Frucci, Daniel Riccio
IBM Zurich Research Lab, Zurich, Switzerland
Pushpak Pati, Guillaume Jaume, Antonio Foncubierta, Maria Gabrani
Contributions
All authors have provided critical feedback during revision process and actively participated in preparation of the manuscript.
G.B., G.D.P and M.G. were responsible for the conceptualization of this project.
A.F and M.F. contributed to the conceptualization and were responsible for execution and management of this project.
M.D.B. was responsible for the institutional clinical databases and contributed to the annotation process.
A.M.A. and F.F. contributed to the clinical design of the dataset, data annotations and documentation for the project and
organization of the validation of results.
P.P., N.B. and G.J. contributed to the dataset organization and validation.
G.S. collected cases, extracted and scanned slides from their institutional clinical databases.
D.R. contributed to the conceptualization of this project.
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3b7867134bfece8fbcbe7de6b6b8d0a98fc0a0185dcfd506256f200f9eef3d5c bracs-paper-arxiv.txt
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image = Atypical_ductal_hyperplasia_-_very_high_mag.jpg
| Width =
| Caption = Atypical ductal hyperplasia. [[H&E stain]]. (WC/Nephron)
| Synonyms =
| Micro = cytologic and architectural features of low-grade DCIS (equal cell spacing, lumina round, variable architecture (classically [[cribriform]] or solid - may be micropapillary or papillary), small nuclei, small indistinct nucleoli); limited extent - either (1) two or less complete ducts, (2) <2 mm in size
| Subtypes =
| LMDDx = [[ductal carcinoma in situ]], [[invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast]]
| Stains =
| IHC =
| EM =
| Molecular =
| IF =
| Gross =
| Grossing =
| Staging =
| Site = [[breast]] - see ''[[non-invasive breast carcinoma]]''
| Assdx =
| Syndromes =
| Clinicalhx =
| Signs =
| Symptoms = none
| Prevalence = relatively common
| Bloodwork =
| Rads = suspicious calcifications
| Endoscopy =
| Prognosis = benign, increased risk of malignancy
| Other =
| ClinDDx =
| Tx = lumpectomy when found on biopsy, follow-up if on excisional specimen
}}
'''Atypical ductal hyperplasia''', abbreviated '''ADH''', is a benign [[breast pathology|breast lesion]] associated with an increased risk of [[malignancy]].
==General==
*Molecular studies have shown it is the same thing as low-grade DCIS; thus, some have called for abolition of the term.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ghofrani | first1 = M. | last2 = Tapia | first2 = B. | last3 = Tavassoli | first3 = FA. | title = Discrepancies in the diagnosis of intraductal proliferative lesions of t...
*ADH is considered an indication for a lumpectomy.<ref name=pmid7717215>{{cite journal |author=Liberman L, Cohen MA, Dershaw DD, Abramson AF, Hann LE, Rosen PP |title=Atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed at stereotaxic core biopsy of breast lesions: an indication for surgical biopsy |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volum...
**Two large studies suggest the conversion of an ADH on core biopsy to breast cancer on surgical excision, known as "up-grading", is approximately 30%.<ref name=pmid20619647>{{Cite journal | last1 = Deshaies | first1 = I. | last2 = Provencher | first2 = L. | last3 = Jacob | first3 = S. | last4 = Côté | first4 = G. | l...
Epidemiology:
*Relative risk of breast cancer, based on a median follow-up of 8 years, in a case control study of US registered nurses, is 3.7.<ref name=pmid1734106>{{Cite journal | last1 = London | first1 = SJ. | last2 = Connolly | first2 = JL. | last3 = Schnitt | first3 = SJ. | last4 = Colditz | first4 = GA. | title = A prospecti...
==Microscopic==
Features:
*Cytologic and architectural features of low-grade DCIS.
**Cell spacing ~ equal.
**Lumina round.
**Architecture - classically ''cribriform'' or ''solid''; may be ''micropapillary'' or ''papillary''.