Datasets:
Tasks:
Text Classification
Formats:
csv
Languages:
English
Size:
< 1K
Tags:
pragmatic-reasoning
theory-of-mind
emotion-inference
indirect-speech
benchmark
multi-annotator
License:
Add Croissant 1.0 metadata with RAI extension (mlcroissant-validated); corrected QC stats (2.3% flagged, 31.3% adjudicated)
Browse files- cei_benchmark.croissant.json +233 -0
cei_benchmark.croissant.json
ADDED
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| 1 |
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{
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"@context": {
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| 3 |
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"@language": "en",
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| 4 |
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"@vocab": "https://schema.org/",
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| 5 |
+
"citeAs": "cr:citeAs",
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| 6 |
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"column": "cr:column",
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| 7 |
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"conformsTo": "dct:conformsTo",
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| 8 |
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"cr": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/",
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| 9 |
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"rai": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RAI/",
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| 10 |
+
"data": {
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| 11 |
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"@id": "cr:data",
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| 12 |
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"@type": "@json"
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| 13 |
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},
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| 14 |
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"dataType": {
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"@id": "cr:dataType",
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| 16 |
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"@type": "@vocab"
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| 17 |
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},
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| 18 |
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"dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
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| 19 |
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"equivalentProperty": "cr:equivalentProperty",
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| 20 |
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"samplingRate": "cr:samplingRate",
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| 21 |
+
"examples": {
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| 22 |
+
"@id": "cr:examples",
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| 23 |
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"@type": "@json"
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| 24 |
+
},
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| 25 |
+
"extract": "cr:extract",
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| 26 |
+
"field": "cr:field",
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| 27 |
+
"fileProperty": "cr:fileProperty",
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| 28 |
+
"fileObject": "cr:fileObject",
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| 29 |
+
"fileSet": "cr:fileSet",
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| 30 |
+
"format": "cr:format",
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| 31 |
+
"includes": "cr:includes",
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| 32 |
+
"isLiveDataset": "cr:isLiveDataset",
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| 33 |
+
"jsonPath": "cr:jsonPath",
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| 34 |
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"key": "cr:key",
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| 35 |
+
"md5": "cr:md5",
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| 36 |
+
"parentField": "cr:parentField",
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| 37 |
+
"path": "cr:path",
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| 38 |
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"recordSet": "cr:recordSet",
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| 39 |
+
"references": "cr:references",
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| 40 |
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"regex": "cr:regex",
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| 41 |
+
"repeated": "cr:repeated",
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| 42 |
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"replace": "cr:replace",
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| 43 |
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"sc": "https://schema.org/",
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| 44 |
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"separator": "cr:separator",
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| 45 |
+
"source": "cr:source",
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| 46 |
+
"subField": "cr:subField",
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| 47 |
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"transform": "cr:transform"
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| 48 |
+
},
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| 49 |
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"@type": "sc:Dataset",
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| 50 |
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"conformsTo": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.0",
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| 51 |
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"name": "CEI-Benchmark",
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| 52 |
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"alternateName": "Contextual Emotional Inference Benchmark",
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| 53 |
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"description": "300 expert-authored scenarios for evaluating pragmatic emotion inference in language models. The benchmark covers five pragmatic subtypes (sarcasm/irony, mixed signals, strategic politeness, passive aggression, deflection/misdirection) crossed with three speaker-listener power relations (peer, superior-to-subordinate, subordinate-to-superior). Each scenario received three independent annotations from 15 trained annotators using Plutchik's 8-emotion taxonomy and Valence-Arousal-Dominance ratings (900 annotations total). Per-annotator labels are released alongside adjudicated gold labels so that human disagreement can be modeled rather than collapsed.",
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| 54 |
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"license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
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| 55 |
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"url": "https://github.com/jon-chun/cei-tom-dataset-base",
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| 56 |
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"sameAs": [
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| 57 |
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"https://huggingface.co/datasets/jonc/cei-benchmark",
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| 58 |
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"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18528705"
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| 59 |
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],
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| 60 |
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"version": "1.0.0",
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| 61 |
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"datePublished": "2026-02-01",
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| 62 |
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"citeAs": "Chun et al. (2026). CEI: A Benchmark for Evaluating Pragmatic Reasoning in Language Models. DMLR submission #177; arXiv:2603.09993.",
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| 63 |
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"keywords": [
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| 64 |
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"pragmatic reasoning",
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| 65 |
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"benchmark",
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| 66 |
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"language models",
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"emotion inference",
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| 68 |
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"social reasoning",
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"power dynamics",
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"theory of mind",
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| 71 |
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"annotation methodology"
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],
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| 73 |
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"creator": {
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| 74 |
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"@type": "sc:Person",
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"name": "Jon Chun",
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"affiliation": "Kenyon College",
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| 77 |
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"email": "chunj@kenyon.edu"
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},
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| 79 |
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"contributor": {
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| 80 |
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"@type": "sc:Organization",
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| 81 |
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"name": "CEI author team (Kenyon College and Yale University)"
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| 82 |
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},
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| 83 |
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"rai:dataCollection": "Expert authoring by two lead researchers following a structured template (context, roles, utterance, subtype tag); each scenario independently reviewed by a second researcher for clarity, subtype fidelity, and cultural accessibility. 600 initial candidates were narrowed to 300 after manual quality review for balance across subtypes and power relations. No web scraping; no real conversations; all scenarios synthetic.",
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| 84 |
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"rai:dataCollectionType": "Manual curation (expert-authored synthetic scenarios)",
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| 85 |
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"rai:dataBiases": "Scenarios skew toward Western workplace and household contexts. Power-relation distribution is 72% peer / 20% high-to-low / 7% low-to-high, mirroring everyday communication but limiting power-stratified analyses. Scenario authorship by two researchers and annotation by 15 undergraduate students at a single US institution (Kenyon College) may limit generalizability; agreement values may not transfer to populations with different cultural or professional backgrounds. English-only; not calibrated for non-Western communicative norms.",
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| 86 |
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"rai:dataLimitations": "NOT for training emotion-recognition models (deliberate ambiguity is a feature, not noise); NOT for clinical alexithymia diagnosis or any clinical decision support; NOT calibrated for non-Western communicative norms or non-English languages; NOT for production HR screening, workplace surveillance, or automated employee sentiment analysis; NOT a substitute for context-specific validation in any deployed system. Inter-annotator agreement is intentionally low (Fleiss' kappa = 0.21 pooled): pragmatic utterances admit multiple valid readings, and each subtype was rated by a disjoint annotator trio, so per-subtype differences confound phenomenon difficulty with trio effects.",
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| 87 |
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"rai:dataUseCases": "Evaluation of pragmatic reasoning in large language models; RSA-baseline benchmarking; annotation-difficulty modeling and disagreement-as-signal research; soft-label and calibration-aware training research; diagnostic analysis of subtype-specific LLM blind spots.",
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| 88 |
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"rai:personalSensitiveInformation": "None. Synthetic workplace, family, social, and service-encounter scenarios; no real-person PII; no real conversations were collected or transcribed. Annotator free-text explanations are withheld from release to protect annotator privacy.",
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| 89 |
+
"rai:annotationsPerItem": "3",
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| 90 |
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"rai:totalAnnotators": 15,
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| 91 |
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"rai:annotationPlatform": "Label Studio",
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| 92 |
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"rai:annotatorDemographics": "15 undergraduate students at Kenyon College (interdisciplinary course IPHS 391), all fluent English speakers; trained via two in-class sessions plus written guidelines; IRB-exempt (Category 2); course credit with co-authorship offered for high-quality contributions.",
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| 93 |
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"rai:annotationProcess": "Each subtype received exactly 3 annotators who rated all 60 scenarios in that subtype (900 annotations total). Annotators provided a Plutchik 8-emotion category, Valence-Arousal-Dominance ratings on 7-point scales, a confidence rating, and 2-4 sentence free-text reasoning. A 4-level QC pipeline (schema validation, statistical outlier detection, agreement analysis, expert adjudication) was applied: 2.3% (21/900) of annotations were flagged at the statistical-consistency stage, no annotator was excluded, and 31.3% (94/300) of scenarios (all three-way splits) received expert adjudication.",
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| 94 |
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"rai:dataReleaseMaintenancePlan": "Semantic versioning (v1.0.0). CC-BY-4.0 (data), MIT (code). Hosted on GitHub (primary) and HuggingFace (dataset mirror); persistently archived on Zenodo (concept DOI 10.5281/zenodo.18528705). Maintained for at least 5 years post-publication; deprecation notices and errata via the repository issue tracker and CHANGELOG. Contact: chunj@kenyon.edu.",
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| 95 |
+
"distribution": [
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| 96 |
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{
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| 97 |
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"@type": "cr:FileObject",
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| 98 |
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"@id": "data_sarcasm-irony.csv",
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| 99 |
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"name": "data_sarcasm-irony.csv",
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| 100 |
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"description": "60 sarcasm/irony scenarios with context, roles, utterance, three per-annotator Plutchik + VAD + confidence labels, gold label, and adjudication notes.",
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| 101 |
+
"contentUrl": "data/human-gold/data_sarcasm-irony.csv",
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| 102 |
+
"encodingFormat": "text/csv",
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| 103 |
+
"sha256": "366041db55f12bcd004a530e766fd12eea6840e4d6b1a34da0b9ed14e556b9f6"
|
| 104 |
+
},
|
| 105 |
+
{
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| 106 |
+
"@type": "cr:FileObject",
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| 107 |
+
"@id": "data_mixed-signals.csv",
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| 108 |
+
"name": "data_mixed-signals.csv",
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| 109 |
+
"description": "60 mixed-signals scenarios with context, roles, utterance, three per-annotator Plutchik + VAD + confidence labels, gold label, and adjudication notes.",
|
| 110 |
+
"contentUrl": "data/human-gold/data_mixed-signals.csv",
|
| 111 |
+
"encodingFormat": "text/csv",
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| 112 |
+
"sha256": "88458510d2824be6d968960fc321343d5e4c2ba30c2549db7b9c8876ee6a0911"
|
| 113 |
+
},
|
| 114 |
+
{
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| 115 |
+
"@type": "cr:FileObject",
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| 116 |
+
"@id": "data_strategic-politeness.csv",
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| 117 |
+
"name": "data_strategic-politeness.csv",
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| 118 |
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"description": "60 strategic-politeness scenarios with context, roles, utterance, three per-annotator Plutchik + VAD + confidence labels, gold label, and adjudication notes.",
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| 119 |
+
"contentUrl": "data/human-gold/data_strategic-politeness.csv",
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| 120 |
+
"encodingFormat": "text/csv",
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| 121 |
+
"sha256": "76c270f9556e1b933394a5db48ec53f8ca87d538f24718cf12e789b86e13974b"
|
| 122 |
+
},
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| 123 |
+
{
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| 124 |
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"@type": "cr:FileObject",
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| 125 |
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"@id": "data_passive-aggression.csv",
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| 126 |
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"name": "data_passive-aggression.csv",
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| 127 |
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"description": "60 passive-aggression scenarios with context, roles, utterance, three per-annotator Plutchik + VAD + confidence labels, gold label, and adjudication notes.",
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| 128 |
+
"contentUrl": "data/human-gold/data_passive-aggression.csv",
|
| 129 |
+
"encodingFormat": "text/csv",
|
| 130 |
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"sha256": "ecf19d3f50e6cd867129f7bb096f9fb7edb899bec5164ea3cb176dba9d4b0028"
|
| 131 |
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},
|
| 132 |
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{
|
| 133 |
+
"@type": "cr:FileObject",
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| 134 |
+
"@id": "data_deflection-misdirection.csv",
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| 135 |
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"name": "data_deflection-misdirection.csv",
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| 136 |
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"description": "60 deflection/misdirection scenarios with context, roles, utterance, three per-annotator Plutchik + VAD + confidence labels, gold label, and adjudication notes.",
|
| 137 |
+
"contentUrl": "data/human-gold/data_deflection-misdirection.csv",
|
| 138 |
+
"encodingFormat": "text/csv",
|
| 139 |
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"sha256": "fd81867b7d73ccd515a57e823c0b009efb76f174278854fe7f06ede50fcc6eee"
|
| 140 |
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},
|
| 141 |
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{
|
| 142 |
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"@type": "cr:FileObject",
|
| 143 |
+
"@id": "splits.json",
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| 144 |
+
"name": "splits.json",
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| 145 |
+
"description": "Deterministic stratified train/val/test split (70/15/15) balanced by subtype and power relation, seed=42, including the recorded 60-scenario evaluation subset.",
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| 146 |
+
"contentUrl": "reports/dmlr2026/splits.json",
|
| 147 |
+
"encodingFormat": "application/json",
|
| 148 |
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"sha256": "a639b35fa413d3183bae16edfd4523d70972dcddec3bf440d8a3ff309fb88af2"
|
| 149 |
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}
|
| 150 |
+
],
|
| 151 |
+
"recordSet": [
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| 152 |
+
{
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| 153 |
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"@type": "cr:RecordSet",
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| 154 |
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"@id": "sarcasm_irony_records",
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| 155 |
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"name": "sarcasm_irony_records",
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| 156 |
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"description": "Per-scenario records for the sarcasm/irony subtype: id, situational context, speaker/listener roles, utterance, and adjudicated gold label. Per-annotator emotion, VAD, and confidence columns are present in the CSV under per-annotator column names.",
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| 157 |
+
"field": [
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| 158 |
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{
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| 159 |
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"@type": "cr:Field",
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| 160 |
+
"@id": "sarcasm_irony_records/id",
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| 161 |
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"name": "id",
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| 162 |
+
"dataType": "sc:Text",
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| 163 |
+
"source": {
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| 164 |
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"fileObject": { "@id": "data_sarcasm-irony.csv" },
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| 165 |
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"extract": { "column": "id" }
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| 166 |
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}
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| 167 |
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},
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| 168 |
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{
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| 169 |
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"@type": "cr:Field",
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| 170 |
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"@id": "sarcasm_irony_records/situation",
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| 171 |
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"name": "situation",
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| 172 |
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"dataType": "sc:Text",
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| 173 |
+
"source": {
|
| 174 |
+
"fileObject": { "@id": "data_sarcasm-irony.csv" },
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| 175 |
+
"extract": { "column": "sd_situation" }
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| 176 |
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}
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| 177 |
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},
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| 178 |
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{
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| 179 |
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"@type": "cr:Field",
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| 180 |
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"@id": "sarcasm_irony_records/speaker_role",
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| 181 |
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"name": "speaker_role",
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| 182 |
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"dataType": "sc:Text",
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| 183 |
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"source": {
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| 184 |
+
"fileObject": { "@id": "data_sarcasm-irony.csv" },
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| 185 |
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"extract": { "column": "sd_speaker_role" }
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| 186 |
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}
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},
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| 188 |
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{
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| 189 |
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"@type": "cr:Field",
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| 190 |
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"@id": "sarcasm_irony_records/listener_role",
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| 191 |
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"name": "listener_role",
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| 192 |
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"dataType": "sc:Text",
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| 193 |
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"source": {
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| 194 |
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"fileObject": { "@id": "data_sarcasm-irony.csv" },
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| 195 |
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"extract": { "column": "sd_listener_role" }
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| 196 |
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}
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},
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| 198 |
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{
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"@type": "cr:Field",
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| 200 |
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"@id": "sarcasm_irony_records/utterance",
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"name": "utterance",
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| 202 |
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"dataType": "sc:Text",
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| 203 |
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"source": {
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| 204 |
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"fileObject": { "@id": "data_sarcasm-irony.csv" },
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| 205 |
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"extract": { "column": "sd_utterance" }
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}
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| 207 |
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},
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{
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| 209 |
+
"@type": "cr:Field",
|
| 210 |
+
"@id": "sarcasm_irony_records/gold_standard",
|
| 211 |
+
"name": "gold_standard",
|
| 212 |
+
"dataType": "sc:Text",
|
| 213 |
+
"description": "Adjudicated gold Plutchik emotion: joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation.",
|
| 214 |
+
"source": {
|
| 215 |
+
"fileObject": { "@id": "data_sarcasm-irony.csv" },
|
| 216 |
+
"extract": { "column": "gold_standard" }
|
| 217 |
+
}
|
| 218 |
+
},
|
| 219 |
+
{
|
| 220 |
+
"@type": "cr:Field",
|
| 221 |
+
"@id": "sarcasm_irony_records/notes",
|
| 222 |
+
"name": "notes",
|
| 223 |
+
"dataType": "sc:Text",
|
| 224 |
+
"description": "Meta-annotator adjudication note where applicable (31.3% of scenarios dataset-wide).",
|
| 225 |
+
"source": {
|
| 226 |
+
"fileObject": { "@id": "data_sarcasm-irony.csv" },
|
| 227 |
+
"extract": { "column": "Notes" }
|
| 228 |
+
}
|
| 229 |
+
}
|
| 230 |
+
]
|
| 231 |
+
}
|
| 232 |
+
]
|
| 233 |
+
}
|