title stringlengths 10 172 | question_id int64 469 40.1M | question_body stringlengths 22 48.2k | question_score int64 -44 5.52k | question_date stringlengths 20 20 | answer_id int64 497 40.1M | answer_body stringlengths 18 33.9k | answer_score int64 -38 8.38k | answer_date stringlengths 20 20 | tags list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
preserving text structure information - pyparsing | 38,809,710 | <p>Using pyparsing, is there a way to extract the context you are in during recursive descent. Let me explain what I mean. I have the following code:</p>
<pre><code>import pyparsing as pp
openBrace = pp.Suppress(pp.Literal("{"))
closeBrace = pp.Suppress(pp.Literal("}"))
ident = pp.Word(pp.alphanums + "_" + ".")
comme... | 4 | 2016-08-07T00:00:34Z | 38,815,250 | <p>Thanks to Paul McGuire for his sagely advice. Here are the additions/changes I made, which solved the problem:</p>
<pre><code>msgNameStack = []
def pushMsgName(str, loc, tokens):
msgNameStack.append(tokens[0])
tokens[0] = '.'.join(msgNameStack)
def popMsgName(str, loc, tokens):
msgNameStack.pop()
clo... | 2 | 2016-08-07T14:40:26Z | [
"python",
"python-2.7",
"parsing",
"text-parsing",
"pyparsing"
] |
Sympy expression in odeint() gives derivation error | 38,809,735 | <p>I'm trying to automatise several processes, like generating ODEs from Lagrangians with Sympy and doing numerical integration on them with Numpy and Scipy. <strong>Full code at the end.</strong> As result of generating the ODEs with <code>solve()</code> I get a dictionary with Sympy expressions like the following:</p... | 1 | 2016-08-07T00:06:41Z | 38,811,487 | <p>If you want to use <code>t</code> as symbol you should avoid declaring <code>t</code> as floating point number in the function declaration. Try replacing the floating point <code>t</code> with another name, <code>s</code> or <code>tt</code> or ...</p>
| 3 | 2016-08-07T06:17:33Z | [
"python",
"scipy",
"sympy",
"ode",
"derivative"
] |
how to read in a JSON file as separate strings inside a list rather than as one big list | 38,809,744 | <p>I am trying to read in a JSON file that looks like this. They are the timestamps of tweets. When I read in the file with my code, it comes in as one big string. Is there a way to have them separated. When I use str.split() then it splits everything. Is there a was that I can load it in or take it out to make this ea... | 1 | 2016-08-07T00:09:07Z | 38,809,751 | <p>Collect tweet dates <em>into a list</em> and then dump <em>once</em>:</p>
<pre><code>dates = [tweet['created_at'] for tweet in stream]
with open('dates.json', 'a') as outfile:
json.dump(dates, outfile, indent=4)
</code></pre>
<hr>
<blockquote>
<p>With this, how do I get it to stop streaming and dump into t... | 1 | 2016-08-07T00:11:13Z | [
"python",
"json",
"twitter"
] |
Xpath exposes text node in dev console but not in python shell | 38,809,759 | <p>I'm writing a web scraper that is supposed to be scraping data from rows inside of an html table <a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/hist/" rel="nofollow">here</a>. I'm able to expose all of the text inside of the rows in the table by using this xpath in firebug: <code>$x('.//*[@class="statistics"]/... | 1 | 2016-08-07T00:12:59Z | 38,809,789 | <p>This is because of the <code>tbody</code> - it is inserted by the browser and you would not get it when download the page via <code>urllib2</code> or <code>requests</code>:</p>
<pre><code>>>> import requests
>>> from lxml.html import fromstring
>>>
>>> url = "https://www.federal... | 1 | 2016-08-07T00:16:56Z | [
"python",
"shell",
"xpath",
"web-scraping"
] |
Pandas still getting SettingWithCopyWarning even after using .loc | 38,809,796 | <p>At first, I tried writing some code that looked like this:</p>
<pre><code>import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
np.random.seed(2016)
train = pd.DataFrame(np.random.choice([np.nan, 1, 2], size=(10, 3)),
columns=['Age', 'SibSp', 'Parch'])
complete = train.dropna()
complete['AgeGt15'] = com... | 3 | 2016-08-07T00:18:40Z | 38,810,015 | <p>When <code>complete = train.dropna()</code> is executed, <code>dropna</code> might return a copy, so
out of an abundance of caution, Pandas sets <code>complete.is_copy</code> to a Truthy
value:</p>
<pre><code>In [220]: complete.is_copy
Out[220]: <weakref at 0x7f7f0b295b38; to 'DataFrame' at 0x7f7eee6fe668>
</... | 7 | 2016-08-07T01:08:52Z | [
"python",
"pandas"
] |
Replacing linked (recursive) for loops with a more functional approach | 38,809,821 | <p>If I have:</p>
<pre><code>for a in range(100):
for b in range(50):
my_func(a, b)
</code></pre>
<p>I can replace that code with:</p>
<pre><code>from itertools import product
product(*[range(100), range(50)])
</code></pre>
<p>But say I have the following:</p>
<pre><code>for i in range(100):
for j ... | 1 | 2016-08-07T00:25:37Z | 38,809,878 | <p>Not sure how to do it with <code>itertools</code> but wouldn't a list comprehension or generator expression suffice?</p>
<pre><code>gen = ((i, j) for i in range(100) for j in range(i))
for i, j in gen:
my_func(i, j)
</code></pre>
| 2 | 2016-08-07T00:36:52Z | [
"python",
"python-3.x"
] |
How to print/detect the scancode of a pressed key in pygame? | 38,809,840 | <p>How to print/detect the scancode of a pressed key in pygame?</p>
<p>If I do this:</p>
<pre><code>for event in pygame.event.get():
print event
</code></pre>
<p>It prints out:</p>
<pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code><Event(2-KeyDown {'scancode': 1, 'key': 115, 'unicode': u's', 'mod': 0})>
&... | 0 | 2016-08-07T00:28:35Z | 38,809,934 | <p>Have you tried <code>event.scancode</code>? The <a href="http://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/key.html" rel="nofollow">documentation</a> indicates that key press events have the following attributes:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>key</code> is the integer ID</li>
<li><code>unicode</code> is the UNICODE string for the single charac... | 1 | 2016-08-07T00:49:43Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"pygame"
] |
Can I use numpy gradient function with images | 38,809,852 | <p>I have been trying to test the numpy.gradient function recently. However, it's behavior is little bit strange for me. I have created an array with random variables and then applied the numpy.gradient over it, but the values seems crazy and irrelevant. But when using numpy.diff the values are correct.</p>
<p>So, aft... | 0 | 2016-08-07T00:30:09Z | 38,810,050 | <p>Central differences in the interior and first differences at the boundaries.</p>
<pre><code>15 - 10
13 - 10 / 2
24 - 15 / 2
...
39 - 28
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2016-08-07T01:16:52Z | [
"python",
"numpy"
] |
Django form is not validated | 38,809,858 | <p>I have a form that should be validated from the template, which both are as follows:</p>
<pre><code>from django.shortcuts import render
from django.forms import Form
from django import forms
from django.http import HttpResponse
import MyIB.settings
import os
class MainForm(Form):
name = forms.CharField()
s... | 0 | 2016-08-07T00:32:06Z | 38,810,490 | <p>A couple of suggestions:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>When <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/forms/api/#binding-uploaded-files" rel="nofollow">including <code>file</code> inputs in the form</a>, you have to use the right <code><form></code> tag:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>In order to upload files, youâll ne... | 2 | 2016-08-07T03:02:19Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Python Raspberry Pi Create bars in Kivy | 38,810,027 | <p>My code does not work as expected.
The bars should be created only when read_SensorGeral is true, the buzzer should be activated only when read_SensorGeral is true and read_Sensor is false.
As create other bars only barGeral equals True ?
My code:</p>
<pre><code>from kivy.app import App
from kivy.clock import Clock... | 0 | 2016-08-07T01:11:35Z | 38,813,730 | <p>Change your update like this, to get your conditions right:</p>
<pre><code>def update(self, dt):
self.canvas.clear()
if self.read_SensorGeral(self.pin) == True:
with self.canvas:
Color(self.g, 1, 0, 1)
Rectangle(pos=(self.p1,self.p2), size=(35,300))
if not self.read_... | 0 | 2016-08-07T11:37:57Z | [
"python",
"raspberry-pi",
"kivy",
"sensor",
"gpio"
] |
Scrapy from list to extract key or value | 38,810,084 | <p>i'm new to python and have some trouble wrapping my head around getting certain value's or keys out of a list.</p>
<p>When my scraped item outputs its value's i sometimes get a return like this.</p>
<p><strong>first list:</strong></p>
<pre><code>'image_urls': [u'http://www.websites.com/1.jpg',
u'h... | 4 | 2016-08-07T01:24:56Z | 38,810,167 | <p><strong>Target based on ranks</strong></p>
<pre><code>x['image_urls'][0]
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Merging list of dictionary values</strong></p>
<pre><code>>>> images
[{'path': 'full/2efhz768djdzs76dz.jpg', 'url': 'http://www.websites.com/1.jpg', 'checksum': '2efhz768djdzs76dz'}, {'path': 'full/zadz764dh... | 2 | 2016-08-07T01:44:49Z | [
"python",
"scrapy"
] |
Scrapy from list to extract key or value | 38,810,084 | <p>i'm new to python and have some trouble wrapping my head around getting certain value's or keys out of a list.</p>
<p>When my scraped item outputs its value's i sometimes get a return like this.</p>
<p><strong>first list:</strong></p>
<pre><code>'image_urls': [u'http://www.websites.com/1.jpg',
u'h... | 4 | 2016-08-07T01:24:56Z | 38,878,160 | <p>I'm not entirely sure what you are asking but looks like it's not scrapy related, removing the scrapy tag may encourage more people to open your question and give advice.</p>
<p>Back to your question, even though this solution is not optimal it may give you what you want based on my understanding of your question:<... | 2 | 2016-08-10T15:49:29Z | [
"python",
"scrapy"
] |
Indexing error scanning list | 38,810,107 | <p>I apologize ahead of time for the basic nature of this question but I could really use a different set of eyes to see why I'm still getting an <code>IndexError: list index out of range</code>.</p>
<p>Here is my code:</p>
<pre><code>def longestRun(L):
counter=1
ii=0
counts=[1]
while ii<=max(range... | 1 | 2016-08-07T01:28:51Z | 38,810,125 | <p>Your while loop is <code>while ii<=max(range((len(L)))):</code> and then your if statement's condition accesses <code>L[ii+1]</code> which runs off the end of the array.</p>
| 0 | 2016-08-07T01:33:52Z | [
"python",
"indexing"
] |
Indexing error scanning list | 38,810,107 | <p>I apologize ahead of time for the basic nature of this question but I could really use a different set of eyes to see why I'm still getting an <code>IndexError: list index out of range</code>.</p>
<p>Here is my code:</p>
<pre><code>def longestRun(L):
counter=1
ii=0
counts=[1]
while ii<=max(range... | 1 | 2016-08-07T01:28:51Z | 38,810,139 | <p>It's simple math. Let's say <code>L</code> is of length 10. That makes the last index 9. <code>ii</code> can eventually be 9, thus <code>ii+1</code> is going to be out of range. </p>
| 0 | 2016-08-07T01:37:11Z | [
"python",
"indexing"
] |
urllib.urlretrieve makes GUI window not respond | 38,810,111 | <p>I'm making a game using Panda3D, and I'm currently making a downloader to download the latest update. If you don't know what Panda3D is, just imagine the GUI I'm talking about as a Tkinter window :P. The functions I use are:</p>
<pre><code>def doDownload():
urllib.urlretrieve("http://hiddenfile/hi.txt", "hi.txt... | 0 | 2016-08-07T01:30:08Z | 38,810,175 | <p>You're on the right track with using a separate thread for I/O. It's probably not working because you need to update the UI from the main thread. Try changing <code>report()</code> to save that information in a structure that can be checked later by the UI thread.</p>
| 0 | 2016-08-07T01:46:01Z | [
"python",
"python-2.7",
"user-interface",
"downloading"
] |
Blueprints in Flask "Attribute 'function' object has no attribute 'name' | 38,810,238 | <p><strong>Problem Description</strong></p>
<p>Getting error message when trying to start Flask.</p>
<pre><code>Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./run.py", line 3, in <module>
from app import app
File "/home/xxxxxx/xxxx.xxxxxxx.com/ClientTracker/app/__init__.py", line 13, in <module>
a... | 0 | 2016-08-07T02:01:29Z | 38,810,281 | <p>Ok, so as seems to happen, I spend an hour looking, another 15 mins composing a question and then after I hit post, I find the answer.</p>
<p>I found a post (<a href="https://github.com/pallets/flask/issues/1327" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/pallets/flask/issues/1327</a>) that had the answer. </p>
<p>Basical... | 0 | 2016-08-07T02:11:26Z | [
"python",
"flask"
] |
Python print messages into loop? | 38,810,371 | <p>How can i show "dynamic" messages into loop?
For example:</p>
<pre><code>for item in array:
print (item + " > Cheking file", end=" ")
#Conditions which takes some time. Create a zip file or smth else..
if (some condition):
print ("> Creating archive", end=" ")
#Another conditions which takes some tim... | 0 | 2016-08-07T02:34:45Z | 38,810,408 | <p>This is due to buffering of the output stream. You can flush the stream after each write with the <code>flush</code> option to <code>print()</code>:</p>
<pre><code>for item in 'a', 'b', 'c':
print (item + " > Cheking file", end=" ", flush=True)
if (some condition):
print ("> Creating archive", en... | 1 | 2016-08-07T02:43:44Z | [
"python"
] |
Python print messages into loop? | 38,810,371 | <p>How can i show "dynamic" messages into loop?
For example:</p>
<pre><code>for item in array:
print (item + " > Cheking file", end=" ")
#Conditions which takes some time. Create a zip file or smth else..
if (some condition):
print ("> Creating archive", end=" ")
#Another conditions which takes some tim... | 0 | 2016-08-07T02:34:45Z | 38,810,409 | <p>The issue you have with the messages not showing up until after the last <code>print</code> is probably due to buffering. Python's standard output stream is line-buffered by default, so you won't see the text you've printed until a newline is included in one of them (e.g. when no <code>end</code> parameter is set).<... | 1 | 2016-08-07T02:43:51Z | [
"python"
] |
How to have Counter count the correct strings | 38,810,377 | <p>I am trying to get the counter to count which date appears most in the code below. </p>
<pre><code>from collections import Counter
with open('dates.json', 'rb') as f:
data = f.readlines()
c = Counter(data)
print (c.most_common()[:10])
</code></pre>
<p>the JSON data is stored as a list like </p>
<pre><code>[... | 0 | 2016-08-07T02:36:32Z | 38,810,414 | <p>Instead of <code>readlines()</code>, you should use <code>json.load()</code> to load the JSON data into a Python list:</p>
<pre><code>import json
with open('dates.json', 'r') as f:
data = json.load(f)
</code></pre>
| 1 | 2016-08-07T02:44:46Z | [
"python",
"json",
"counter"
] |
How do I use the generate_events event? | 38,810,388 | <p>The following python3 code is what I might have expected to generate a few calls to the doit event, followed by a call to the terminate event, which would stop the app, but only the first event fires. What am I doing wrong?</p>
<pre><code>from circuits import Component, Event, Debugger
import time
times = []
cla... | 1 | 2016-08-07T02:39:09Z | 38,819,477 | <p>The main error in the example is that it doesn't <code>reduce_time_left(time.time() - self.last + self.interval)</code> when there is nothing to do.</p>
<p><code>generate_events</code> fires once when the app starts. Each generator needs to set <code>reduce_time_left()</code> to the maximum reasonable time before ... | 1 | 2016-08-07T23:22:06Z | [
"python",
"circuits-framework"
] |
Cannot create dataframe from list: pyspark | 38,810,390 | <p>I have a list which is generated by a function. when I execute <code>print</code> on my list:</p>
<p><code>print preds_labels</code></p>
<p>I obtain:</p>
<pre><code>[(0.,8.),(0.,13.),(0.,19.),(0.,19.),(0.,19.),(0.,19.),(0.,19.),(0.,20.),(0.,21.),(0.,23.)]
</code></pre>
<p>but when I want to create a <code>DataFr... | 0 | 2016-08-07T02:40:17Z | 38,827,187 | <p>pyspark uses its own type system and unfortunately it doesn't deal with numpy well. It works with python types though. So you could manually convert the <code>numpy.float64</code> to <code>float</code> like</p>
<pre><code>df = sqlContext.createDataFrame(
[(float(tup[0]), float(tup[1]) for tup in preds_labels], ... | 1 | 2016-08-08T10:45:39Z | [
"python",
"pyspark",
"spark-dataframe"
] |
pandas dataframe sort on column raises keyerror on index | 38,810,395 | <p>I have the following dataframe, <code>df</code>: </p>
<pre><code> peaklatency snr
0 52.99 0.0
1 54.15 62.000000
2 54.12 82.000000
3 54.64 52.000000
4 54.57 42.000000
5 54.13 72.000000
</code></pre>
<p>I'm attempting to sort this by <code>snr</code>: </... | 0 | 2016-08-07T02:41:15Z | 38,810,458 | <p>The <code>by</code> keyword to <code>sort_values</code> expects column names, not the actual Series itself. So, you'd want:</p>
<pre><code>In [23]: df.sort_values('snr')
Out[23]:
peaklatency snr
0 52.99 0.0
4 54.57 42.0
3 54.64 52.0
1 54.15 62.0
5 54.13 72.0
2 ... | 2 | 2016-08-07T02:54:23Z | [
"python",
"pandas",
"syntax"
] |
How do you use the values of a dataframe as a variable in a function to make a different column | 38,810,396 | <p>I have a dataframe which i want to use as the values in it as the "x" in the function<code>0.00459652*np.exp(4.5*x)+0.000984312</code>
here is my code</p>
<pre><code>df=pd.read_csv('F:/Data32.csv')
df2=df['Temperature']
x=df2.values.tolist()
test=df2.apply(0.00459652*np.exp(4.5*x)+0.000984312)
test
</code></pre>
<... | 0 | 2016-08-07T02:41:25Z | 38,810,438 | <p>If you want to apply the function <code>0.00459652*np.exp(4.5*x)+0.000984312</code> to each value in the <code>Temperature</code> column, just put that column at the <code>x</code> location:</p>
<pre><code>test = 0.00459652*np.exp(4.5*df['Temperature'])+0.000984312
</code></pre>
<p>The reason why you get that erro... | 2 | 2016-08-07T02:50:09Z | [
"python",
"pandas",
"numpy",
"scipy"
] |
AWS EMR import external library from S3 | 38,810,402 | <p>I have setup a cluster using Amazon EMR.
I have a python library (cloned from github and not available on pip) on S3.</p>
<p>I want to submit a pig work that uses a udf which makes use of the library present in S3.</p>
<p>I don't want to add the library to the system path because it will be used only once.</p>
<p... | 7 | 2016-08-07T02:42:49Z | 39,230,600 | <p>carefully read the following given material.</p>
<p><strong>Call User Defined Functions from Pig:</strong></p>
<p>Pig provides the ability to call user defined functions (UDFs) from within Pig scripts. You can do this to implement custom processing to use in your Pig scripts. The languages currently supported are ... | 0 | 2016-08-30T14:43:08Z | [
"python",
"amazon-web-services",
"amazon-s3",
"apache-pig",
"amazon-emr"
] |
Extract gurobi muti-dimensional variable value and form a numpy array | 38,810,415 | <p>I want to know that when I defined a multi-dimension variables in Gurobi, how can I extract all the value of the solution and organize them in to a Numpy array according to the original coordinate of the variable.</p>
<p>I have the following decision variables defined in Gurobi using Python API:</p>
<pre><code>for... | 1 | 2016-08-07T02:44:48Z | 38,835,385 | <p>I figured this problem out.</p>
<p>Do the following:</p>
<pre><code>Array_Station_Size = np.array()
Array_Station_Size[i,] = [Station_Size[i,t].X for t in rang(T)]
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2016-08-08T17:39:46Z | [
"python",
"arrays",
"numpy",
"gurobi"
] |
How does one debug NaN values in TensorFlow? | 38,810,424 | <p>I was running TensorFlow and I happen to have something yielding a NaN. I'd like to know what it is but I do not know how to do this. The main issue is that in a "normal" procedural program I would just write a print statement just before the operation is executed. The issue with TensorFlow is that I cannot do that ... | 13 | 2016-08-07T02:47:03Z | 38,813,502 | <p>It look like you can call it after you complete making the graph.</p>
<p><code>check = tf.add_check_numerics_ops()</code></p>
<p>I think this will add the check for all floating point operations. Then in the sessions run function you can add the check operation.</p>
<p><code>sess.run([check, ...])</code></p>
| 2 | 2016-08-07T11:08:37Z | [
"python",
"machine-learning",
"neural-network",
"tensorflow",
"conv-neural-network"
] |
How does one debug NaN values in TensorFlow? | 38,810,424 | <p>I was running TensorFlow and I happen to have something yielding a NaN. I'd like to know what it is but I do not know how to do this. The main issue is that in a "normal" procedural program I would just write a print statement just before the operation is executed. The issue with TensorFlow is that I cannot do that ... | 13 | 2016-08-07T02:47:03Z | 38,844,997 | <p>There are a couple of reasons WHY you can get a NaN-result, often it is because of too high a learning rate but plenty other reasons are possible like for example corrupt data in your input-queue or a log of 0 calculation.</p>
<p>Anyhow, debugging with a print as you describe cannot be done by a simple print (as th... | 3 | 2016-08-09T07:49:22Z | [
"python",
"machine-learning",
"neural-network",
"tensorflow",
"conv-neural-network"
] |
How does one debug NaN values in TensorFlow? | 38,810,424 | <p>I was running TensorFlow and I happen to have something yielding a NaN. I'd like to know what it is but I do not know how to do this. The main issue is that in a "normal" procedural program I would just write a print statement just before the operation is executed. The issue with TensorFlow is that I cannot do that ... | 13 | 2016-08-07T02:47:03Z | 38,845,552 | <p>First of all, you need to check you input data properly. In most cases this is the reason. But not always, of course.</p>
<p>I usually use Tensorboard to see whats happening while training. So you can see the values on each step with </p>
<pre><code>Z = tf.pow(Z, 2.0)
summary_z = tf.scalar_summary('z', Z)
#et... | 1 | 2016-08-09T08:22:41Z | [
"python",
"machine-learning",
"neural-network",
"tensorflow",
"conv-neural-network"
] |
Merging Dataframes that was obtained via web scraping | 38,810,575 | <p>I have a code that scrapes tables from a website, and reads it into pandas Dataframe. However, this is done through a <code>for</code> loop because of how the website has been designed. As such, the tables are all tagged with the same <code>name</code> ie: they are tagged under <code>df</code> name</p>
<p><strong>C... | -1 | 2016-08-07T03:20:32Z | 38,811,082 | <p>If all you need to do is merge a number of DataFrames, you can simply collect them in a list and then merge them using <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.concat.html" rel="nofollow" title="pd.concat docs">pd.concat</a>.</p>
<p>Something like this should work:</p>
<pre><code>dataf... | 1 | 2016-08-07T05:09:52Z | [
"python",
"selenium",
"pandas",
"dataframe"
] |
regarding the parameters in os.path.join | 38,810,610 | <p>I am trying to reproduce a python program, which includes the following line of code</p>
<pre><code>data = glob(os.path.join("./data", config.dataset, "*.jpg"))
</code></pre>
<p>My guess is that it will capture all <code>.jpg</code> files stored in <code>/data</code> folder. But I am not sure the usage of <code>co... | 0 | 2016-08-07T03:28:03Z | 38,810,650 | <p><code>config.dataset</code> in your code fragment is a variable. It's either a <code>dataset</code> attribute of some <code>config</code> object, or the <code>dataset</code> global variable in an imported <code>config</code> module (from this code's perspective they work the same).</p>
<p>As a few people have comme... | 2 | 2016-08-07T03:36:22Z | [
"python"
] |
basic calcultor/future temp coverter/ future scientific calculator | 38,810,652 | <p>this is my first code as a beginner python programmer.
I will be trying to add temp.converters and other mathematic use but when i test it the code couldn't recognize the numbers i input to choose the operation.
also is there a way to use lists to add multiple numbers at the same time</p>
<pre><code>#Returns the... | 0 | 2016-08-07T03:36:57Z | 38,810,765 | <p>You can take advantage of the <code>operator</code> module in Python and use a dictionary dispatch method, eg:</p>
<pre><code>import operator
from math import sqrt
operations = {
'1': operator.add,
'2': operator.sub,
'3': operator.mul,
'4': operator.truediv,
'6': sqrt,
'99': lambda c: c * 1... | 0 | 2016-08-07T04:02:46Z | [
"python"
] |
Python -- sizing frames with weights | 38,810,696 | <p>In the minimum example code below, you can change the last range(), currently at 3, to 6 and notice that the frames with buttons all get smaller than if you run it with 3. I have configured 6 columns of "lower_frame" to all be weight 1. The expected result is that there are 6 empty columns of the same width no mat... | 0 | 2016-08-07T03:49:57Z | 38,813,844 | <p>If you want all of the rows and all of the columns to have the same width/height, you can set the <code>uniform</code> attribute of each row and column. All columns with the same <code>uniform</code> value will be the same width, and all rows with the same <code>uniform</code> value will be the same height.</p>
<p>... | 1 | 2016-08-07T11:52:24Z | [
"python",
"python-2.7",
"user-interface",
"tkinter",
"tk"
] |
Python Tkinter changing label text | 38,810,703 | <p>I know that there are a lot of questions dealing with tkinter but I have looked at a bunch of them and none of them seem to help me.</p>
<pre><code>import tkinter
class Calculator:
def __init__(self):
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.geometry("200x300")
window.title("Calculator")
lbl = tkinter.Labe... | 1 | 2016-08-07T03:50:37Z | 38,814,971 | <p>There are a few problems with your code.</p>
<ol>
<li><p><code>labelText</code> should, of course, be a <code>StringVar</code> and not a string...</p>
<pre><code>labelText = tkinter.StringVar()
lbl = tkinter.Label(window, bg="blue", textvariable=labelText)
lbl.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3)
</code></pre></li>... | 1 | 2016-08-07T14:11:42Z | [
"python",
"tkinter"
] |
How to return only one document on calling a resource endpoint? | 38,810,706 | <p>I have a collection 'users'. When i call the resource endpoint like <code>/api/users</code>, it returns all the documents. If i enable authentication, how could i return only that user document on calling <code>api/users</code> based on his/her username?</p>
<p>Or else how could i disable this endpoint <code>/api/u... | 0 | 2016-08-07T03:50:56Z | 38,829,950 | <p>If you are using User-Restricted Resource Access, you can have a <a href="http://python-eve.org/features.html#dynamic-lookup-filters" rel="nofollow">Dynamic Lookup filter</a> using event hooks to filter the <code>users</code> results by the <code>auth_field</code>. Something like this:</p>
<pre><code>from flask imp... | 1 | 2016-08-08T13:03:03Z | [
"python",
"eve"
] |
python xml - search for attribute with regular expressions | 38,810,711 | <p>In my xml file, I have nodes like this:</p>
<pre><code><waitingJobs idList="J03ac2db8 J03ac2fb0"/>
</code></pre>
<p>I know how to use <code>.findall</code> to search for attributes but now, it looks like I would need to use regular expressions because <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.etree.elem... | 1 | 2016-08-07T03:51:55Z | 38,810,731 | <p>Unfortunately, things like <code>contains()</code> and <code>starts-with()</code> are not supported by <code>xml.etree.ElementTree</code> built-in library. You can manually check the attribute, finding all <code>waitingJobs</code> and using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml.et... | 1 | 2016-08-07T03:55:53Z | [
"python",
"xml",
"xpath"
] |
"unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'NoneType' and 'float' " in openpyxl | 38,810,847 | <p>I'm trying to read a column in an Excel file, and write the data to a corresponding text file for the column in Python (with Openpyxl).
Some data are missing in the Excel file, like the 2nd column below: </p>
<p>"gappy.xlsx":</p>
<pre><code>350.2856445313 -424.5273132324 -322.6161499023
609.8883056641 ... | 0 | 2016-08-07T04:20:57Z | 38,811,038 | <p>Well you can check that both arguments are not None before doing the division. And in case one is <code>None</code> handle it in whatever way you want.</p>
<p>Something like this</p>
<pre><code>if ws.cell(row = j,column = i).value is not None and factor is not None:
file_id.write("{:.3e}\n".format(ws.cell(row ... | 0 | 2016-08-07T05:03:10Z | [
"python",
"excel",
"openpyxl"
] |
In Tornado, how to do non-blocking file read/write? | 38,810,868 | <p>I've been using Tornado for a while now and I've encountered issues with slow timing (which I asked about in <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/38530886/why-do-long-http-round-trip-times-stall-my-tornado-asynchttpclient">this question</a>). One possible issue that was pointed out by a fellow user was that I... | 0 | 2016-08-07T04:27:51Z | 38,811,251 | <p>Move all of the code associated with file IO to separate functions decorated with <a href="http://tornado.readthedocs.io/en/stable/concurrent.html#tornado.concurrent.run_on_executor" rel="nofollow">run_on_executor</a>.</p>
<pre><code>import os
import io
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from PIL ... | 1 | 2016-08-07T05:40:01Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"tornado"
] |
threads stopped using __stop are not removed from threading.enumerate() | 38,810,876 | <p>Basically, I have some threads that MAY block on I/O but has to be stopped in some cases. The entire software architecture is already designed like that, so switching to multi-processing can be painful. Therefore, I searched web and found using <code>thread_ref._Thread__stop()</code> seems to be the only way that ca... | 0 | 2016-08-07T04:29:23Z | 38,811,126 | <p>Expanding on my comment, nobody ever believes this ;-) , so here's some code that <em>shows</em> it (Python 2 only):</p>
<pre><code>from time import sleep
import threading
def f():
while True:
print("running")
sleep(1)
t = threading.Thread(target=f)
print("starting thread")
t.start()
sleep(.5)... | 0 | 2016-08-07T05:16:40Z | [
"python",
"multithreading",
"python-multithreading"
] |
Subprocess.call and --stdout | 38,810,897 | <pre><code>subprocess.call(["espeak", "-s 5 -ven", "where are you", "--stdout", 'shell=True', "aplay"])
</code></pre>
<p>The output of this will just be a massive output of special characters, and not the audio from the espeak. When i type this:</p>
<pre><code>subprocess.call(["espeak", "-s 5 -ven", "where are you", ... | 2 | 2016-08-07T04:35:51Z | 38,810,957 | <p>From <a href="http://espeak.sourceforge.net/commands.html" rel="nofollow">espeak documentation</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>--stdout </p>
<p>Writes the speech output to stdout as it is produced, rather than speaking it.
The data starts with a WAV file header which
indicates the sample rate and format of the... | 1 | 2016-08-07T04:48:27Z | [
"python",
"raspberry-pi",
"subprocess",
"stdout",
"espeak"
] |
Assigning variables inside a function: Strange behaviour | 38,810,933 | <p>I use Python rarely, so it's unclear to me why such behaviour is allowed:
There is no w object and hence it has no s attribute, then why f allows to make <code>w.s</code> assignment?</p>
<pre><code>>>> def f():
w.s="ads" #allows, no exception
>>> w.s="sds" #outside function
Traceback (most r... | 2 | 2016-08-07T04:42:14Z | 38,810,946 | <p>Try running your function and see what happens. Python doesn't catch it as you write your code but as soon as you run the code it will error. </p>
<p>What you see is because python doesn't know that by the time your function runs there won't be an object <code>w</code> with an attribute <code>s</code>. However, whe... | 5 | 2016-08-07T04:45:40Z | [
"python"
] |
Assigning variables inside a function: Strange behaviour | 38,810,933 | <p>I use Python rarely, so it's unclear to me why such behaviour is allowed:
There is no w object and hence it has no s attribute, then why f allows to make <code>w.s</code> assignment?</p>
<pre><code>>>> def f():
w.s="ads" #allows, no exception
>>> w.s="sds" #outside function
Traceback (most r... | 2 | 2016-08-07T04:42:14Z | 38,810,950 | <p>A function is not yet being run because it hasn't been called yet, as opposed to the assignment of <code>w.s</code> to <code>"sds"</code> being done outside of the function.</p>
| 4 | 2016-08-07T04:46:14Z | [
"python"
] |
Assigning variables inside a function: Strange behaviour | 38,810,933 | <p>I use Python rarely, so it's unclear to me why such behaviour is allowed:
There is no w object and hence it has no s attribute, then why f allows to make <code>w.s</code> assignment?</p>
<pre><code>>>> def f():
w.s="ads" #allows, no exception
>>> w.s="sds" #outside function
Traceback (most r... | 2 | 2016-08-07T04:42:14Z | 38,812,092 | <p>Such behaviour is allowed because Python is a dynamic language. At compilation time, when the <code>f</code> function definition is executed (i.e., compiled to byte code), the interpreter knows that there in no local object in the function bound to the name <code>w</code>, so <code>w</code> must refer to a global ob... | 2 | 2016-08-07T07:52:11Z | [
"python"
] |
Distinguish document title versus section title | 38,811,016 | <p>In the <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/doctree.html" rel="nofollow">Docutils document tree</a>, a <code>title</code> node may occur inside a section, or inside the document itself.</p>
<p>For a particular Docutils <code>NodeVisitor</code> I am creating, I need to be able to distinguish whether the... | 0 | 2016-08-07T04:59:25Z | 38,811,273 | <p>You can add <code>visit_section</code> and <code>depart_section</code>:</p>
<pre><code>class DocumentTitleSkippingVisitor:
def __init__(self):
self.in_section = False
def visit_section(self, node):
self.in_section = True
def depart_section(self,node):
self.in_section = False
... | 0 | 2016-08-07T05:44:33Z | [
"python",
"docutils"
] |
How to build a recommendation system using tf-idf and cosine similarity? | 38,811,078 | <p>I have been trying to build a beer recommendation engine, I have decided to make it simply using tf-idf and Cosine similarity . </p>
<p>Here is my code so far: `</p>
<pre><code>import pandas as pd
import re
import numpy as np
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVec... | 0 | 2016-08-07T05:09:26Z | 38,888,899 | <p>A simple implementation would be to compute the distance to each of the other beers using <code>cdist</code>, and then return your recommendations using <code>argsort</code>:</p>
<pre><code>from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist
import numpy as np
vec = TfidfVectorizer()
beerlist = np.array(['heinekin lager', 'c... | 0 | 2016-08-11T06:34:29Z | [
"python",
"scikit-learn",
"tf-idf"
] |
Is possible to use Selenium with Python, for Electron apps? | 38,811,123 | <p>I am pretty new to the Selenium testing with Electron apps; I know how to use Python to drive Chrome via the webdriver, and how to use Selenium IDE on Firefox, but I am having trouble to find a good source of info.</p>
<p>So far I have an app made with Electron, and I would like to use Selenium to drive it and auto... | 0 | 2016-08-07T05:15:57Z | 38,839,391 | <p>I did find a way to catch the application.</p>
<p>You need to download Chromedriver; and run it on a port that you like(example: 8765).</p>
<p>Then you can access the application written via Electron, in Python using</p>
<pre><code>from selenium import webdriver
remote_app = webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDri... | 0 | 2016-08-08T22:23:12Z | [
"python",
"selenium",
"electron"
] |
Can I somehow avoid using time.sleep() in this script? | 38,811,134 | <p>I have the following python script:</p>
<pre><code>#! /usr/bin/python
import os
from gps import *
from time import *
import time
import threading
import sys
gpsd = None #seting the global variable
class GpsPoller(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
global gpsd #b... | 4 | 2016-08-07T05:18:49Z | 38,811,296 | <p>I see two options here:</p>
<ol>
<li>GpsPoller will check if data changed and raise a flag</li>
<li>GpsPoller will check id data changed and put new data in the queue.</li>
</ol>
<p>Option #1:</p>
<pre><code>global is_speed_changed = False
def run(self):
global gpsd, is_speed_changed
while gpsp.runni... | 1 | 2016-08-07T05:47:30Z | [
"python",
"gpsd"
] |
Can I somehow avoid using time.sleep() in this script? | 38,811,134 | <p>I have the following python script:</p>
<pre><code>#! /usr/bin/python
import os
from gps import *
from time import *
import time
import threading
import sys
gpsd = None #seting the global variable
class GpsPoller(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
global gpsd #b... | 4 | 2016-08-07T05:18:49Z | 38,847,273 | <p>As a generic design rule, you should have one thread for each input channel or more generic, for each "loop over a blocking call". Blocking means that the execution stops at that call until data arrives. E.g. <code>gpsd.next()</code> is such a call.</p>
<p>To synchronize multiple input channels, use a <code>Queue</... | 2 | 2016-08-09T09:43:19Z | [
"python",
"gpsd"
] |
"import: command not found" running Python script | 38,811,153 | <p>I am a beginner without much knowledge of coding.
I am attempting to run the following python script... <a href="https://github.com/Sdocquir/moneyonbots/blob/master/shopify3/shopify3.py" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/Sdocquir/moneyonbots/blob/master/shopify3/shopify3.py</a></p>
<p>When doing so I receive the fo... | -4 | 2016-08-07T05:21:32Z | 38,811,191 | <p>This happens when your script is being run by a shell, not a Python interpreter at all.</p>
<p>Put a shebang on the first line of the script:</p>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env python
</code></pre>
<p>...or, as appropriate,</p>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env python3
</code></pre>
<p>...to specify to the operating system ... | 2 | 2016-08-07T05:28:28Z | [
"python"
] |
Django form saying "this field is required" (even text fields) although it's been filled | 38,811,294 | <p>A few other people have had this problem before but they were all file-related. For me, even text fields that I have filled (and must be filled) return "This Field is Required" error whilst I have done everything people suggested. Have a look at my code:</p>
<p><strong>Views</strong></p>
<pre><code>class MainForm(... | 0 | 2016-08-07T05:47:16Z | 38,811,354 | <p>The order of arguments in your form is wrong - <code>request.POST</code> must come first:</p>
<pre><code># request.POST must come before request.FILES.
form = MainForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
</code></pre>
<p>Also, you don't need the <code>or None</code>. <code>POST</code> and <code>FILES</code> are always pr... | 2 | 2016-08-07T05:58:07Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Working with django channels and websockets | 38,811,668 | <p>I have a form to input Line coordinates at <em>127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/</em> and an "Ok" button to submit the coordinates. The coordinates are posted at <em>127.0.0.1:8000/api/line/</em> by calling the view <code>LineDisplay()</code>. Here I want to push the Line coordinates back to <em>127.0.01:8000/dashboard/</em... | 1 | 2016-08-07T06:45:55Z | 38,944,390 | <p>You need the group to collect all the Channels that should receive your info. Each connected device gets one Channel. </p>
<p>A device's channel identifier is in the <code>message.reply_channel</code>. A Group is just a way to collect all the <code>message.reply_channel</code>s.</p>
<p>So, let's say any user who o... | 1 | 2016-08-14T16:49:37Z | [
"python",
"django",
"websocket",
"django-rest-framework",
"django-channels"
] |
Evaluating expression in loop condition | 38,811,681 | <p>For some <strong><em>n</em></strong>, lets define result in the following way:</p>
<pre><code>result = [x for x in [i for i in range(0, n)]]
</code></pre>
<p>Does python evaluate the inner list each time? Or does it evaluate it only the first time?
Because this is the difference between run time of <strong><em>O(n... | 1 | 2016-08-07T06:48:05Z | 38,811,723 | <p>Why wouldn't you try that yourself?</p>
<pre><code>def foo():
print('foo called')
return range(5)
result = [x for x in [i for i in foo()]]
print(result)
>> foo called
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
</code></pre>
<p><code>foo</code> is obviously being called once.</p>
| 4 | 2016-08-07T06:54:34Z | [
"python"
] |
How to use selenium to open multiple instances Firefox simultaneously without clearing cache and cookie | 38,811,776 | <p>I have a code which scrape friend list from Facebook UID. It worked but it takes a long time to scrape a whole list. So, I want to speed it up by using multiprocessing and Selenium Grid. The following is the approach I use:</p>
<ol>
<li>Login Facebook with account</li>
<li>Open 5 instances Firefox with same cache a... | 2 | 2016-08-07T07:04:03Z | 38,812,576 | <p>Here is another approach without using selenium grid.</p>
<p>This approach opens 5 firefox instances, as well as 3 windows on each instance. The cookies are copied over from the main instance.</p>
<pre><code>from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys imp... | 1 | 2016-08-07T09:04:32Z | [
"python",
"selenium",
"cookies",
"selenium-grid"
] |
Setting up Django with mod_wsgi (Apache2) | 38,811,855 | <pre><code>ServerName test.test.nz
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
DocumentRoot /home/aut/sampleapp
WSGIScriptAlias /home/aut/sampleapp /home/aut/sampleapp/sampleapp/wsgi.py
WSGIPythonPath /home/aut/sampleapp:/home/aut/sampleapp/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages
<Directory /home/aut/sampleapp&g... | 0 | 2016-08-07T07:15:57Z | 38,812,050 | <p>You haven't defined anything for the root path, /. Your wsgiscriptalias is set to "/home/aut/sampleapp" so only applies to paths under that.</p>
<p>I'm not quite sure why you've done this; if you want wsgi to serve your site at the root, as you usually would, you should put <code>/</code> there.</p>
| 1 | 2016-08-07T07:45:21Z | [
"python",
"django",
"apache"
] |
How to reformat a 2d numpy array | 38,811,989 | <p>I have a numpy array such as this:</p>
<pre><code>x = np.arange(0,9)
y = np.arange(20,29)
X = np.array([x, y])
</code></pre>
<p>so X looks like [[0,1,2,...9],[20,21,...,29]]</p>
<p>but I would like X to be shaped like this:</p>
<pre><code>X = np.array([[0, 20],
[1, 21],
[2, 22],
...... | 0 | 2016-08-07T07:37:19Z | 38,812,044 | <p>you can transpose <code>X</code> to get desired result:</p>
<pre><code>In [16]: X
Out[16]:
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8],
[20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28]])
In [17]: X.T
Out[17]:
array([[ 0, 20],
[ 1, 21],
[ 2, 22],
[ 3, 23],
[ 4, 24],
[ 5, 25],
[ ... | 1 | 2016-08-07T07:45:00Z | [
"python",
"numpy"
] |
How to reformat a 2d numpy array | 38,811,989 | <p>I have a numpy array such as this:</p>
<pre><code>x = np.arange(0,9)
y = np.arange(20,29)
X = np.array([x, y])
</code></pre>
<p>so X looks like [[0,1,2,...9],[20,21,...,29]]</p>
<p>but I would like X to be shaped like this:</p>
<pre><code>X = np.array([[0, 20],
[1, 21],
[2, 22],
...... | 0 | 2016-08-07T07:37:19Z | 38,812,099 | <p>Transpose the array:</p>
<pre><code>x = np.arange(0,10)
y = np.arange(20,30)
X = np.vstack([x, y]).T
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2016-08-07T07:53:08Z | [
"python",
"numpy"
] |
python-pandas: dealing with NaT type values in a date columns of pandas dataframe | 38,812,020 | <p>I have a a dataframe with mixed datatype column, and i applied pd.to_datetime(df['DATE'],coerce=True) and got the below dataframe</p>
<pre><code>CUSTOMER_name DATE
abc NaT
def NaT
abc 2010-04-15 19:09:08
def 2011-01-25 15:29:37
abc 2... | 1 | 2016-08-07T07:41:02Z | 38,812,096 | <p>Say you start with something like this:</p>
<pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame({
'CUSTOMER_name': ['abc', 'def', 'abc', 'def', 'abc', 'fff'],
'DATE': ['NaT', 'NaT', '2010-04-15 19:09:08', '2011-01-25 15:29:37', '2010-04-10 12:29:02', 'NaT']})
df.DATE = pd.to_datetime(df.DATE)
</code></pre>
<p>(note that the onl... | 2 | 2016-08-07T07:52:55Z | [
"python",
"datetime",
"pandas"
] |
python-pandas: dealing with NaT type values in a date columns of pandas dataframe | 38,812,020 | <p>I have a a dataframe with mixed datatype column, and i applied pd.to_datetime(df['DATE'],coerce=True) and got the below dataframe</p>
<pre><code>CUSTOMER_name DATE
abc NaT
def NaT
abc 2010-04-15 19:09:08
def 2011-01-25 15:29:37
abc 2... | 1 | 2016-08-07T07:41:02Z | 38,812,434 | <p>Here is an alternative solution:</p>
<p><strong>Data:</strong></p>
<pre><code>In [96]: x
Out[96]:
CUSTOMER_name DATE
0 abc T
1 def N
2 abc 2010-04-15 19:09:08
3 def 2011-01-25 15:29:37
4 abc 2010-04-10 12:2... | 1 | 2016-08-07T08:44:31Z | [
"python",
"datetime",
"pandas"
] |
How can I execute arbitrary code via JSON and how to sanitize the input | 38,812,106 | <p>In the <a href="https://jsonpickle.github.io/" rel="nofollow">documentation</a> of Python's jsonpickle module for JSON serialization and deserialization it states that</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Loading a JSON string from an untrusted source represents a potential
security vulnerability. jsonpickle makes no attempt to... | 3 | 2016-08-07T07:54:08Z | 38,812,230 | <p><code>jsonpickle</code> is not JSON. <code>jsonpickle</code> allows to create arbitrary Python-Objects that potentially do harmful things. Sanitizing means, that the JSON objects only contain data, that can be interpreted by <code>jsonpickle</code>. Normally wrong data would lead to exceptions, but can may be used t... | 0 | 2016-08-07T08:14:02Z | [
"python",
"json",
"security",
"jsonpickle"
] |
Is there a way to save both python stdout and stdin to file using only bash? | 38,812,236 | <p>There are shell shortcuts to save the python stdout to file like so:</p>
<pre><code>python code.py > file
python code.py >> file
python code.py &> file
</code></pre>
<p>But this does not save the stdin that I type in through the terminal for in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.
Is there any way to save the text ex... | 0 | 2016-08-07T08:15:59Z | 38,812,266 | <p>If you want to record an interaction with the terminal you can use <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/script.1.html" rel="nofollow">script</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>script makes a typescript of everything displayed on your terminal.
It is useful for students who need a hardcopy record of an<br>
inte... | 1 | 2016-08-07T08:19:50Z | [
"python",
"bash",
"file",
"stdout",
"stdin"
] |
Is there a way to save both python stdout and stdin to file using only bash? | 38,812,236 | <p>There are shell shortcuts to save the python stdout to file like so:</p>
<pre><code>python code.py > file
python code.py >> file
python code.py &> file
</code></pre>
<p>But this does not save the stdin that I type in through the terminal for in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.
Is there any way to save the text ex... | 0 | 2016-08-07T08:15:59Z | 38,812,327 | <p>You can save stdin to a variable, write this variable to your text file and then you can pass this variable to whatever programm you want to use it with.</p>
<pre><code>read input
$input > textfile
$input | program
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2016-08-07T08:28:38Z | [
"python",
"bash",
"file",
"stdout",
"stdin"
] |
2 columns of values -> 1 column of values + 1 column of labels in pandas | 38,812,304 | <p>what's the most elegant way of achieving this in one line using pandas?</p>
<p>starting point:</p>
<pre><code>import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'A':[0.2,0.3,0.1,0.45], 'B':[0.5,0.8,0.15,0.55]})
i A B
0 0.2 0.5
1 0.3 0.8
2 0.1 0.15
3 0.45 0.55
</code></pre>
<p>desired endpoint:</p>
<pre... | 0 | 2016-08-07T08:24:50Z | 38,812,344 | <pre><code>pd.melt(df)
Out:
variable value
0 A 0.20
1 A 0.30
2 A 0.15
3 A 0.45
4 B 0.50
5 B 0.80
6 B 0.15
7 B 0.55
</code></pre>
| 5 | 2016-08-07T08:31:20Z | [
"python",
"pandas"
] |
Create a daemon background service? | 38,812,354 | <p>I'm trying to create a background service in Python. The service will be called from another Python program. It needs to run as a daemon process because it uses a heavy object (300MB) that has to be loaded previously into the memory. I've had a look at <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-daemon/" rel="nofol... | 0 | 2016-08-07T08:32:47Z | 38,813,560 | <p>I had a similar situation when I wanted to access a big binary matrix from a web app.</p>
<p>Of course there are many solutions, but I used <a href="http://redis.io/" rel="nofollow">Redis</a>, a popular in-memory database/cache system, to store and access my object successfully. It has practical Python bindings (se... | 1 | 2016-08-07T11:16:24Z | [
"python",
"unix",
"subprocess",
"python-daemon"
] |
Django autocomplete: AttributeError: module 'dal_select2.models' has no attribute 'Model' | 38,812,391 | <p>In my models.py: </p>
<pre><code>from dal import autocomplete
from dal_select2_queryset_sequence.views import *
from queryset_sequence import QuerySetSequence
from dal.widgets import *
from dal.views import *
from dal_queryset_sequence.views import *
from dal_select2 import *
from dal_queryset_sequence import *
c... | 0 | 2016-08-07T08:38:43Z | 38,812,540 | <p>This is exactly why you shouldn't use the <code>from x import *</code>. One of those modules you import - <code>dal_select_2</code> - defines a name <code>models</code>, which overrides the one you actually wanted which is from <code>django.db</code>.</p>
<p>Only import the names you actually use, then this won't h... | 0 | 2016-08-07T09:00:34Z | [
"python",
"django",
"autocomplete"
] |
Getting id of the form in formset which is being edited | 38,812,401 | <p>I have a Django template that renders a table comprising Django formsets.</p>
<p>Template (<em>simplified</em>)</p>
<pre><code><table id = 'my_table'>
{% for form in my_formset %}
<tr><td>{{form.my_field}}</td></tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
</code></pre>
<p>Now, I hav... | 0 | 2016-08-07T08:39:59Z | 38,835,227 | <pre><code>if form.has_changed():
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
</code></pre>
| 2 | 2016-08-08T17:29:02Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Function to capture change between values in different columns | 38,812,411 | <p>Can someone please help me with a simple function to capture the change between open and Last as per the examples below:</p>
<p>The data:</p>
<pre><code> Open High Low Last
Timestamp
2014-03-04 1783.50 1796.00 1783.50 1793.25
2014-03-05 1793.25 1796.50 ... | 0 | 2016-08-07T08:42:05Z | 38,812,438 | <pre><code>df['desired'] = (df['Open'] - df['Last']).abs()
</code></pre>
<p>This gives you the absolute value of the difference (if <code>df['Last']</code> is greater than <code>df['Open']</code>, it becomes <code>df['Last'] - df['Open']</code>)</p>
<p>Your sample output is, on the other hand, is the result of <code>... | 3 | 2016-08-07T08:45:08Z | [
"python",
"pandas"
] |
Method inheritance issue | 38,812,557 | <p>When I attempt to create a 'BJ_player' object:</p>
<pre><code>player = BJ_player(name, number_chips)
</code></pre>
<p>I receive:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TypeError: <strong>init</strong>() takes exactly 2 positional arguments (3 given).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I've used the same methodology to inherit from 'BJ_Hand' a... | 0 | 2016-08-07T09:02:05Z | 38,812,613 | <p>This gives no errors on py2.7 and py3.5:</p>
<pre><code>class Hand(object):
"""A hand of playing cards"""
def __init__(self):
self.cards = []
def __str__(self):
if self.cards:
rep = ""
for card in self.cards:
rep += str(card) + "\t"
else:
... | 1 | 2016-08-07T09:08:50Z | [
"python",
"class",
"inheritance",
"methods"
] |
Method inheritance issue | 38,812,557 | <p>When I attempt to create a 'BJ_player' object:</p>
<pre><code>player = BJ_player(name, number_chips)
</code></pre>
<p>I receive:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TypeError: <strong>init</strong>() takes exactly 2 positional arguments (3 given).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I've used the same methodology to inherit from 'BJ_Hand' a... | 0 | 2016-08-07T09:02:05Z | 38,812,834 | <p>You defined an <code>__init__</code> method that only takes <em>one</em> argument (plus <code>self</code>):</p>
<pre><code>class BJ_player(BJ_hand):
"""A BlackJack player"""
def __init__(self, number_chips):
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^
</code></pre>
<p>There is no parameter for <code>name</code>, b... | 2 | 2016-08-07T09:39:17Z | [
"python",
"class",
"inheritance",
"methods"
] |
Method inheritance issue | 38,812,557 | <p>When I attempt to create a 'BJ_player' object:</p>
<pre><code>player = BJ_player(name, number_chips)
</code></pre>
<p>I receive:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TypeError: <strong>init</strong>() takes exactly 2 positional arguments (3 given).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I've used the same methodology to inherit from 'BJ_Hand' a... | 0 | 2016-08-07T09:02:05Z | 38,812,836 | <p>The <code>BJ_player</code> class has a problem. Modified the class to this:</p>
<pre><code>class BJ_player(BJ_hand):
"""A BlackJack player"""
def __init__(self, name, number_chips):
super(BJ_player, self).__init__(name)
self.name = name
self.number_chips = number_chips
def __str... | 1 | 2016-08-07T09:39:25Z | [
"python",
"class",
"inheritance",
"methods"
] |
Method inheritance issue | 38,812,557 | <p>When I attempt to create a 'BJ_player' object:</p>
<pre><code>player = BJ_player(name, number_chips)
</code></pre>
<p>I receive:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>TypeError: <strong>init</strong>() takes exactly 2 positional arguments (3 given).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I've used the same methodology to inherit from 'BJ_Hand' a... | 0 | 2016-08-07T09:02:05Z | 38,812,911 | <p>While the other answers have (mostly) correctly diagnosed the specific issue you were describing (not accepting <code>name</code> in <code>BJ_player.__init__</code> and passing it on in the <code>super</code> call), I think there's a larger design issue that may cause you other problems while working with your class... | 1 | 2016-08-07T09:49:48Z | [
"python",
"class",
"inheritance",
"methods"
] |
django accessing one-to-one key calls __setattr__ unexpectedly | 38,812,596 | <p>I have a django model including two model classes (UserProfile and UserNotification). Each profile has optionally a last_notification. Here are the class fields defined in models.py:</p>
<pre><code>class UserProfile(models.Model):
last_notif = models.OneToOneField('UserNotification', null=True, blank=True, defa... | 0 | 2016-08-07T09:07:10Z | 38,812,809 | <p>It's called because the act of accessing <code>profile.last_notif</code> loads the UserNotification object from the database, since it hasn't previously been loaded. Doing this obviously requires that all of the fields of the instance are set with the relevant values from the db.</p>
| 0 | 2016-08-07T09:36:09Z | [
"python",
"django",
"python-2.7",
"django-models",
"one-to-one"
] |
numpy's fast Fourier transform yields unexpected results | 38,812,611 | <p>I am struggling with <code>numpy</code>'s implementation of the fast Fourier transform. My signal is not of periodic nature and therefore certainly not an ideal candidate, the result of the FFT however is far from what I was expecting. It is the same signal, simply stretched by some factor. I plotted a sinus curve, ... | 2 | 2016-08-07T09:08:47Z | 38,812,646 | <p>[EDIT] I overlooked the crucial thing stated by Stelios! Nevertheless I leave my answer here, since, while not spotting the root cause of your trouble, it is still true and contains things you have to reckon with for a useable FFT.</p>
<p>As you say you're tranforming a non-periodical signal.
Your signal has some r... | 1 | 2016-08-07T09:13:49Z | [
"python",
"numpy",
"fft"
] |
numpy's fast Fourier transform yields unexpected results | 38,812,611 | <p>I am struggling with <code>numpy</code>'s implementation of the fast Fourier transform. My signal is not of periodic nature and therefore certainly not an ideal candidate, the result of the FFT however is far from what I was expecting. It is the same signal, simply stretched by some factor. I plotted a sinus curve, ... | 2 | 2016-08-07T09:08:47Z | 38,812,832 | <p>Numpy's <code>fft</code> is by default applied over rows. Since your <code>signal</code> variable is a column vector, <code>fft</code> is applied over the rows consisting of one element and returns the one-point FFT of each element. </p>
<p>Use the axis option of <code>fft</code> to specify that you want FFT applie... | 3 | 2016-08-07T09:39:03Z | [
"python",
"numpy",
"fft"
] |
Got an unexpected keyword argument 'pk' | 38,812,634 | <p>I have a list of Classes, and i need to get info of certain Class (i.e. student names, Class monitor etc). There is no problem in displaying Classes list (<code>localhost:8000/classes</code>), but when i'm addressing particular class (<code>localhost:8000/classes/nice_guys</code>), i receive <code>class_list() got a... | 1 | 2016-08-07T09:11:25Z | 38,812,654 | <p>You're including the students urls twice, once with the pk argument, which makes no sense: that means it will be passed to every view, including the class_list one which isn't expecting it (and the class_display one would receive it twice). Remove that first include.</p>
| 3 | 2016-08-07T09:15:14Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
VSCode doesn't show python script error output | 38,812,703 | <p>Using Python3 with Visual Studio Code (<a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=donjayamanne.python" rel="nofollow">Python extension</a> installed) within Ubuntu 16.04.
I have some basic script written:</p>
<pre><code>def mainMethod():
what()
#connectToDevice()
if __name__ == "__mai... | 1 | 2016-08-07T09:23:11Z | 39,474,932 | <p>I still can't see the output in <code>Debug Console</code> all the time but I can see it in the <code>Integrated Terminal</code> by setting this option in <code>launch.json</code> file of VSCode. The file looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Python virtual... | 0 | 2016-09-13T16:32:28Z | [
"python",
"vscode"
] |
Theano lstm - what is initial hidden state | 38,812,730 | <p>I'm having trouble understanding this line in a piece of code I've found: </p>
<pre><code>def has_hidden(layer):
"""
Whether a layer has a trainable
initial hidden state.
"""
return hasattr(layer, 'initial_hidden_state')
</code></pre>
<p>My question is what is that initial hidden state? What is... | 0 | 2016-08-07T09:27:06Z | 38,812,940 | <p>The state of a layer of neurons is the set of all the weights (of its connections) that describe it at that point in time.</p>
<p>To get good training performance its necessary that you dont start off with 0's for all the weights for a layer of neurons. The most common solution to this problems is to initialize all... | 1 | 2016-08-07T09:52:18Z | [
"python",
"neural-network",
"theano",
"lstm"
] |
Can't find tags in beautifulsoup when I search them through class filter through dictionary | 38,812,918 | <p>Below is my code.`</p>
<pre><code>import urllib
from BeautifulSoup import *
html=urllib.urlopen('http://yellowpages.sulekha.com/coffee-shops-bars-restaurants_delhi')
soup=BeautifulSoup(html)
tags=soup.findAll("li",{ "class" : "list-item" })
print tags
</code></pre>
<p>I wish to find all the 'li' tags which have a... | 1 | 2016-08-07T09:50:17Z | 38,815,822 | <p>I went and took a look at the site you were trying to scrape and searched for <code>list-item</code>. Then I saw something that looked like the below</p>
<pre><code><li class="list-item " itemtype="http://schema.org/LocalBusiness" itemscope="">
</code></pre>
<p>I see that the class is <code>"list-item "</cod... | 1 | 2016-08-07T15:46:11Z | [
"python",
"web-scraping",
"beautifulsoup"
] |
Why cURL response from server is HTTP/1.0? | 38,813,071 | <p>I had created simple server in terminal</p>
<pre><code>python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000
</code></pre>
<p>when I send command <code>curl -I http://localhost:8000</code></p>
<p>and command result was a request:</p>
<p><code>127.0.0.1 - - [07/Aug/2016 14:53:22] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -</code></p>
<p>but response was ... | 1 | 2016-08-07T10:11:37Z | 38,813,126 | <p>It's just a version number, the server supports the older 1.0 protocol.</p>
<p>See <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/246859/http-1-0-vs-1-1">HTTP 1.0 vs 1.1</a></p>
| 1 | 2016-08-07T10:17:04Z | [
"python",
"http",
"curl"
] |
Why cURL response from server is HTTP/1.0? | 38,813,071 | <p>I had created simple server in terminal</p>
<pre><code>python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000
</code></pre>
<p>when I send command <code>curl -I http://localhost:8000</code></p>
<p>and command result was a request:</p>
<p><code>127.0.0.1 - - [07/Aug/2016 14:53:22] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -</code></p>
<p>but response was ... | 1 | 2016-08-07T10:11:37Z | 38,815,112 | <p><code>curl</code> uses HTTP/1.1 by default from version 7.33.0 (yours is 7.43.0). In <code>man curl</code>:</p>
<pre><code>--http1.1
(HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.1. This is the internal default version. (Added in 7.33.0)
</code></pre>
<p>So <code>curl</code> will make a request with <code>... | 1 | 2016-08-07T14:26:55Z | [
"python",
"http",
"curl"
] |
How to call methods inside a class? | 38,813,090 | <p>I have a test Python class named calc with two methods <code>add</code> and <code>sub</code>. How can I run the methods from the python prompt? I am at the python command line ">>>" and typing <code>import calc</code>. Then I type <code>calc.add(5,3)</code> and get "No module named 'calc'". File name is <code>calc.p... | -1 | 2016-08-07T10:13:49Z | 38,813,134 | <p><code>calc</code> is the module name <em>and</em> a class in the module. Use <code>import calc</code> and then refer to the class with <code>calc.calc</code>:</p>
<p><code>calc.py</code>:</p>
<pre><code>class calc:
def add(self, x, y): # note the use of "self"
answer = x + y
print(answer)
... | 2 | 2016-08-07T10:18:23Z | [
"python"
] |
How to call methods inside a class? | 38,813,090 | <p>I have a test Python class named calc with two methods <code>add</code> and <code>sub</code>. How can I run the methods from the python prompt? I am at the python command line ">>>" and typing <code>import calc</code>. Then I type <code>calc.add(5,3)</code> and get "No module named 'calc'". File name is <code>calc.p... | -1 | 2016-08-07T10:13:49Z | 38,813,157 | <p>You need to import <code>calc</code> class from your <code>calc</code> module:</p>
<pre><code>from calc import calc # we're importing only calc class from that module
c = calc()
c.add(5,3)
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2016-08-07T10:21:49Z | [
"python"
] |
Caffe: Converting CSV file to HDF5 | 38,813,120 | <p>I have learned a little about Caffe framework (which is used define and train deep learning models)</p>
<p>As my first program, I wanted to write a program for training and testing a "Face Emotion Recognition" task using <a href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recog... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:16:38Z | 38,827,223 | <p>Your input data doesn't have to be in lmdb or hdf5. You can input data from a csv file. All you have to do is to use an ImageData input layer such as this one:</p>
<pre><code>layer {
name: "data"
type: "ImageData"
top: "data"
top: "label"
include {
phase: TRAIN
}
transform_param {
mirror: fals... | 1 | 2016-08-08T10:48:18Z | [
"python",
"matlab",
"csv",
"hdf5",
"caffe"
] |
How to get new column in a data frame Applying Logical operator , if else if | 38,813,143 | <pre><code>Feature1, Feature2, Feature3, Feature4, TARGET
5.1,3.5,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.9,3.0,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
6.4,3.2,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
6.9,3.1,4.9,1.5,Iris-versicolor
6.3,2.5,5.0,1.9,Iris-virginica
6.5,3.0,5.2,2.0,Iris-virginica
</code></pre>
<p>how can I work out the target (spe... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:19:50Z | 38,813,940 | <p>You could use <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.DataFrame.loc.html" rel="nofollow"><code>loc</code></a> to subset the dataframe according to your desired <code>TARGET</code> column as shown:</p>
<pre><code>In [4]: mask = (df['Feature1'] < 5.2) & (df['Feature2'] > 3.4) ... | 1 | 2016-08-07T12:03:17Z | [
"python",
"pandas",
"filter"
] |
How to get new column in a data frame Applying Logical operator , if else if | 38,813,143 | <pre><code>Feature1, Feature2, Feature3, Feature4, TARGET
5.1,3.5,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.9,3.0,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
6.4,3.2,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
6.9,3.1,4.9,1.5,Iris-versicolor
6.3,2.5,5.0,1.9,Iris-virginica
6.5,3.0,5.2,2.0,Iris-virginica
</code></pre>
<p>how can I work out the target (spe... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:19:50Z | 38,815,187 | <p>Try this: use <code>np.where(cond,if true,if false)</code>, </p>
<pre><code>df['new'] = np.where((df['Feature1'] < 5.2) & (df['Feature2'] > 3.4) & (df['Feature3'] < 1.5) & (df['Feature4'] < .3), "iris-setosa", "")
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2016-08-07T14:33:33Z | [
"python",
"pandas",
"filter"
] |
for event in pygame.event.get(): pygame.error: video system not initialized when using ssh | 38,813,215 | <p>Here is the code that I'm trying to run via ssh into my raspberry pi. It usually works fine when I have a keyboard and monitor connected directly to the raspberry pi, but it doesn't run when I am using ssh.</p>
<pre><code>import pygame, sys, time
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()
pygame.joystick.init()
joy... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:30:00Z | 38,814,857 | <p>Well you have not initialized your window yet. It looks like you may or may not have commented it out: <code>#screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))</code>. Many of pygame's events rely on the window. Simply un-comment your screen initialization and it should work fine. </p>
| 0 | 2016-08-07T14:00:16Z | [
"python",
"joystick"
] |
How to set pandas Dataframe column name as headers? | 38,813,218 | <p>I created a Dataframe with the below code.</p>
<pre><code>>>>in: df_final = pandas.DataFrame(combined_data, columns=['Item', aa, bb, cc, dd])
>>>out:
Item FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015
0 Total Revenue 654.766 535.79 321.394 445.24... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:30:32Z | 38,813,826 | <p>You need to set the Item column as index so it becomes 'columns' when you transpose it:</p>
<pre><code>df.set_index('Item').T
Out:
Item Total Revenue Gross Profit Net Income EBITDA
FY2012 654.766 256.776 60.994 111.324
FY2013 535.790 268.412 44.026 110.268
FY2014 ... | 2 | 2016-08-07T11:50:00Z | [
"python",
"pandas"
] |
Reshaping 4D numpy to 5D array using specific pattern | 38,813,310 | <p>I have a 4D numpy array of shape <code>(N x 8 x 24 x 98)</code> that I need to reshape to the 5D shape <code>(N x 8 x 24 x 7 x 14)</code> such that the last dimension is split into 2 separate dimensions.</p>
<p>If <code>v_i</code> is the value for element <code>i</code> in the last dimension of the old matrix (cont... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:43:53Z | 38,813,698 | <p>IIUC you can simply reshape your array / matrix:</p>
<pre><code>In [109]: a = np.arange(8*24*98).reshape(8,24,98)
In [110]: a.shape
Out[110]: (8, 24, 98)
In [111]: x = a.reshape(8,24,7,14)
In [112]: x.shape
Out[112]: (8, 24, 7, 14)
</code></pre>
| 2 | 2016-08-07T11:33:41Z | [
"python",
"numpy",
"reshape"
] |
python2 to 3 use of list() | 38,813,330 | <p>I'm converting python2.7 scripts to python3.
<code>2to3</code> makes these kinds of suggestions:</p>
<pre><code> result = result.split(',')
syslog_trace("Result : {0}".format(result), False, DEBUG)
- data.append(map(float, result))
+ data.append(list(map(float, result)))
... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:45:21Z | 38,814,578 | <blockquote>
<p>I'm sure the makers of Python3 did not want to do it like that</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Well, the makers of Python generally don't like seeing Python 2 being used, I've seen that sentiment being expressed in pretty much every recent PyCon.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Is there a more pythonic way of doing this... | 1 | 2016-08-07T13:22:53Z | [
"python",
"python-2.7",
"python-3.x"
] |
python2 to 3 use of list() | 38,813,330 | <p>I'm converting python2.7 scripts to python3.
<code>2to3</code> makes these kinds of suggestions:</p>
<pre><code> result = result.split(',')
syslog_trace("Result : {0}".format(result), False, DEBUG)
- data.append(map(float, result))
+ data.append(list(map(float, result)))
... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:45:21Z | 38,815,335 | <p>What's wrong with the unfixed <code>somma</code>?</p>
<p><code>2to3</code> cannot know how <code>somma</code> is going to be used, in that case, as a generator in the next line to compute <code>averages</code> it is OK and optimal, no need to convert it as a list.</p>
<p>That's the genius of python 3 list to gener... | 2 | 2016-08-07T14:49:33Z | [
"python",
"python-2.7",
"python-3.x"
] |
Spectral (SPy) label legend | 38,813,331 | <p>I would like to put a legend below the image drawn by the <a href="http://www.spectralpython.net/" rel="nofollow">spectral</a> module. I wonder if there is an builtin way to do this? I haven't found anything about making legends in the <a href="http://www.spectralpython.net/class_func_glossary.html" rel="nofollow">s... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:45:22Z | 38,814,295 | <p>I added the legend like this:</p>
<pre><code>from matplotlib import patches
from spectral import spy_colors
labelPatches = [ patches.Patch(color=spy_colors[x]/255.,
label=labelDictionary[x]) for x in np.unique(labels) ]
</code></pre>
<p>Once you have the label patches the legend is easy to add:</p... | 0 | 2016-08-07T12:47:38Z | [
"python",
"matplotlib",
"spectral"
] |
user inputs in python giving float, array multiplication issue | 38,813,348 | <p>I have following lines of code working fine when inputs given in console:</p>
<pre><code>import numpy as np
def simple_exponential_smoothing(actuals, n_forecast_periods,alpha):
return np.array([np.array([alpha*((1-alpha)**k)*actuals[len(actuals)-k-1] for k in range (len(actuals))]).sum()]*n_forecast_periods)
si... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:47:39Z | 38,813,418 | <p>First you need to convert the input to a list of integers (or floats):</p>
<pre><code>actuals = input("Input list:")
actuals = [int(i) for i in actuals.split(',')]
</code></pre>
<p>I assumed the inputs are separated by commas.</p>
<p>For example,</p>
<pre><code>Input list:1, 2, 5, 7, 10
Int:2
float:0.3
[ 5.48283... | 0 | 2016-08-07T10:57:48Z | [
"python",
"numpy"
] |
Python printing binary value and its decimal form | 38,813,410 | <p>Python 2.6/2.7</p>
<p>I have the following program.</p>
<pre><code>print 0b10
def p_m(x):
print x
p_m(bin(2))
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Output:</strong></p>
<pre><code>2
0b10
</code></pre>
<p>What I wanted to print in p_m() is 2 (the decimal value) of "0b10" which is what I'm passing to p_m() as first argu... | 1 | 2016-08-07T10:56:41Z | 38,813,448 | <p><code>print 0b10</code> gives 2. </p>
<p>This is because all the numbers are stored in python as binary.</p>
<p><code>bin(2)</code> is a string. So it gives you the binary value.</p>
<p>You can use <code>print int('0b10', 2)</code>. Here 2 means the base and '0b10' is the binary you want to convert. <code>0b</cod... | 1 | 2016-08-07T11:02:16Z | [
"python",
"python-2.7",
"binary",
"decimal",
"bits"
] |
Python printing binary value and its decimal form | 38,813,410 | <p>Python 2.6/2.7</p>
<p>I have the following program.</p>
<pre><code>print 0b10
def p_m(x):
print x
p_m(bin(2))
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Output:</strong></p>
<pre><code>2
0b10
</code></pre>
<p>What I wanted to print in p_m() is 2 (the decimal value) of "0b10" which is what I'm passing to p_m() as first argu... | 1 | 2016-08-07T10:56:41Z | 38,813,495 | <p>Convert the string <code>0b10</code> back to int using <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#int" rel="nofollow">2 base parameter</a>:</p>
<pre><code>def p_m(x):
print int(x, 2)
</code></pre>
| 1 | 2016-08-07T11:07:24Z | [
"python",
"python-2.7",
"binary",
"decimal",
"bits"
] |
Python printing binary value and its decimal form | 38,813,410 | <p>Python 2.6/2.7</p>
<p>I have the following program.</p>
<pre><code>print 0b10
def p_m(x):
print x
p_m(bin(2))
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Output:</strong></p>
<pre><code>2
0b10
</code></pre>
<p>What I wanted to print in p_m() is 2 (the decimal value) of "0b10" which is what I'm passing to p_m() as first argu... | 1 | 2016-08-07T10:56:41Z | 38,813,505 | <p><code>0b10</code> is an int. <code>bin(2)</code> is '0b10' which is a string. You'd have to print <code>int('0b10', 2)</code> to get it to print 2</p>
| 1 | 2016-08-07T11:08:53Z | [
"python",
"python-2.7",
"binary",
"decimal",
"bits"
] |
How to make a cryptographic algorithm less reverse engineerable? | 38,813,458 | <p>i have developed an AES256 encryption application with but i want to make it more secure. How can i understand how easy it is to reverse engineer and how can i make it less reverse engineerable ? </p>
<p>Note : it would be great if you recommend me some reverse engineering books.</p>
<p>code: <a href="http://past... | 1 | 2016-08-07T11:03:47Z | 38,813,480 | <p>Since you added the Python label, I guess your algorithm is written in Python. You could use <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Opy" rel="nofollow">my obfuscator</a> to make your algorithm hard to decipher. It's one way only.</p>
<p>Don't rely on distributing only the .pyc files. They can be trivially reverse en... | 0 | 2016-08-07T11:06:17Z | [
"python",
"reverse-engineering"
] |
Unable to create REST service in python | 38,813,465 | <p>I want to create a REST service, So I tried and here's my snippet</p>
<pre><code>from bottle import route, run
@route('/plot_graph',method='GET')
def plot_graph():
#compute graph_list (python object of type list)
#done
return graph_list
if __name__ == "__main__":
run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8881, ser... | 3 | 2016-08-07T11:04:32Z | 38,813,687 | <p><code>graph_list</code> needs to contain strings, however, it looks like your list contains integers. You could convert these integers to strings with this:</p>
<pre><code>return (str(i) for i in graph_list)
</code></pre>
<p>But note that the elements of the list are joined together which might not be what you wan... | 2 | 2016-08-07T11:32:20Z | [
"python",
"rest",
"bottle"
] |
Flask Login sessions not persisting when page changes | 38,813,493 | <p>I am using flask-login, flask and socketio in python. When I log in the user as can be seen in the login_data() function the session variables are set correctly by flask-login. However when the route changes all of the session variables are lost, which causes flask login to disallow the user to access the /overview ... | 1 | 2016-08-07T11:07:20Z | 38,816,353 | <p>I have found the answer to this myself. For some unknown reason you cannot use the login_user function of flask-login inside of a flask-socketio event handler, it must instead be done through a normal post request. </p>
<p>Hope this helps someone.</p>
| 1 | 2016-08-07T16:45:17Z | [
"python",
"session",
"flask",
"flask-login",
"flask-socketio"
] |
Sum with Pythons uncertainties giving a diferent result than expected | 38,813,532 | <p>A friend of mine is evaluating data with Pythons package <code>uncertainties</code>. I am her statistics consulter, and I have come up with a weird result in her code.</p>
<p><code>sum(array)</code> and <code>sqrt(sum(unumpy.std_devs(array)**2))</code> yield different results, with the second one being the variance... | 0 | 2016-08-07T11:12:09Z | 38,818,323 | <p>You forgot to square the standard error to make it the variance. This should work and be equal to the error of <code>sum(array)</code>:</p>
<pre><code>sqrt(sum(unumpy.std_devs(array)**2))
</code></pre>
<p>Then</p>
<pre><code>from uncertainties import unumpy
import random
import math
a = [uc.ufloat(random.random(... | 0 | 2016-08-07T20:38:12Z | [
"python",
"statistics"
] |
Sum with Pythons uncertainties giving a diferent result than expected | 38,813,532 | <p>A friend of mine is evaluating data with Pythons package <code>uncertainties</code>. I am her statistics consulter, and I have come up with a weird result in her code.</p>
<p><code>sum(array)</code> and <code>sqrt(sum(unumpy.std_devs(array)**2))</code> yield different results, with the second one being the variance... | 0 | 2016-08-07T11:12:09Z | 39,058,633 | <p>This results due to my <code>array</code> being an <code>AffineScalarFunc</code> (as opposed to a <code>Variable</code>), and thus they not only store the value but also all the variables that the value depends on <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/uncertainties/tech_guide.html#python-classes-for-variables-and-functi... | 0 | 2016-08-20T20:56:37Z | [
"python",
"statistics"
] |
Python not recognizing installed dependencies | 38,813,567 | <p>I am running Python version 2.7.12 a windows system without internet access and have manually installed modules. However when trying to run a script requiring matplotlib.pyplot and after installing the dependencies <code>dateutil</code> it is still not working. </p>
<p><a href="http://i.stack.imgur.com/1r88I.png" r... | 0 | 2016-08-07T11:17:11Z | 38,813,766 | <p>Try using Pip to install the package. You can download a copy of dateutil 2.5.3 from here <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-dateutil/2.5.3" rel="nofollow">https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-dateutil/2.5.3</a>. </p>
<p>Once downloaded, navigate to the folder where you downloaded the dateutil package, and... | 0 | 2016-08-07T11:43:28Z | [
"python",
"windows",
"python-2.7",
"matplotlib"
] |
"Can't initialize character set utf8mb4" with Windows mysql-python | 38,813,689 | <p>I'm getting an error try to connect to a remote mysql database from a
Windows 7 client via <strong>python 2.7</strong> + <strong>MySQLdb 1.2.5</strong> + <strong>sqlalchemy 1.0.9</strong>. This is a result of recently changing the server's default character set to <strong>utf8mb4</strong>. The server is running <str... | 2 | 2016-08-07T11:32:29Z | 39,844,966 | <p>I've gone around in circles trying to get this to work on Windows.</p>
<p>The only thing that seems to work for me is to execute this once the connection is established:</p>
<pre><code>set names utf8mb4;
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2016-10-04T05:48:01Z | [
"python",
"mysql",
"windows",
"mysql-python",
"utf8mb4"
] |
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