REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
92,488 | Relationships among foliar chemistry, foliar polyamines, and soil chemistry in red spruce trees growing across the northeastern United States | Minocha, R; Shortle, WC; Lawrence, GB; David, MB; Minocha, SC | 1,997 | Forest trees are constantly exposed to various types of natural and anthropogenic stressors. A major long-term goal of our research is to develop a set of early physiological and biochemical markers of stress in trees before the appearance of visual symptoms. Six red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) stands from the northeas... | 0 |
82,868 | Short-term ozone exposure upregulates P-selectin in normal human airways | Krishna, MT; Blomberg, A; Biscione, GL; Kelly, F; Sandstrom, T; Frew, A; Holgate, S | 1,997 | Short-term exposure to ambient levels of ozone induces neutrophilic bronchitis. To investigate the early events contributing to inflammatory cell recruitment in the airways we exposed 12 healthy nonsmoking volunteers to 0.12 ppm ozone or filtered air for 2 h on two separate occasions. Spirometry and fiberoptic bronchos... | 0 |
52,512 | Analytical techniques for the determination and measurement data of 7 chlorinated C1- and C2-hydrocarbons and 6 monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in remote air masses: An overview | Dewulf, J; Van Langenhove, H | 1,997 | This overview is focusing on methods for the sampling and analysis of seven chlorinated C1- and C2-hydrocarbons and six monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at marine and remote continental sites and in the free troposphere. Results obtained by analysing field samples with the methods described are reported as well. Accord... | 0 |
95,717 | Ozone-induced stimulation of pulmonary sympathetic fibers: a protective mechanism against edema | Delaunois, A; Segura, P; Dessy-Doize, C; Ansay, M; Montano, LM; Vargas, MH; Gustin, P | 1,997 | National Funds for Scientific Research (FNRS); European Communities (grant).Tropospheric ozone exerts well-described toxic effects on the respiratory tract. Less documented, by contrast, is the ability of ozone to induce protective mechanisms against agents that are toxic to the lungs. In particular, interactions betwe... | 0 |
82,787 | Ambient particles and health: lines that divide | Vedal, S | 1,997 | In Helsinki, Finland, from 1987 to 1993, the authors studied the associations between daily concentrations of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, total suspended particulates, and particulates with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 I.tm (PM10), and the daily number of deaths from all causes and from cardiovascul... | 0 |
83,627 | Changes in neuroreceptor function of tracheal smooth muscle following acute ozone exposure of guinea pigs | Van Hoof, HJM; Voss, HP; Kramer, K; Boere, AJF; Dormans, JAMA; Van Bree, L; Bast, A | 1,997 | We studied the effect of in vivo ozone inhalation (3 ppm, 2 h) on neuroreceptor function in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle in vitro and the role of the epithelial layer in this process. Changes in smooth muscle tension after stimulation of the muscarinic- and ?beta'-adrenergic receptor were recorded isometrically an... | 0 |
9,213 | Pulmonary retention and distribution of inhaled chromium: effects of particle solubility and coexposure to ozone | Cohen, MD; Zelikoff, JT; Chen, LC; Schlesinger, RB | 1,997 | Soluble and insoluble chromium ( Cr) agents are concomitantly released with ozone (O3) during welding. Although pulmonary implications from exposure to each agent individually have been investigated, the effects from simultaneous exposure, as occurs under actual working conditions, are unclear. To investigate the reten... | 0 |
90,872 | Nitrogen oxides (second edition) | null | 1,997 | null | 0 |
82,716 | Methods for assessing the extent of exposure and effects of air pollution | Krzyzanowski, M | 1,997 | World Health Organization. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In many places in Europe, the ambient air pollution exceeds the levels considered to be safe for health. The objective of the paper is to review and summarise the methods of assessment of its impact on health, and to indicate the contributions of various research di... | 0 |
625,480 | Health Canada Research Program: Ozone health effects | Burnett Rt; vincent, R; Stieb, D; Liu, L; Leech, J | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,599 | Mucous cell metaplasia in rat nasal epithelium after a 20-month exposure to ozone: A morphometric study of epithelial differentiation | Harkema, JR; Hotchkiss, JA; Griffith, WC | 1,997 | Health Effects Institute.#The present study was designed to examine the effects of long-term ozone exposure on nasal epithelia and intraepithelial mucosubstances (IM) throughout the nasal airways of F344/N rats. Animals were exposed to 0 (controls), 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone, 6 h/day, 5 days/wk, for 20 mo. Rats were... | 1 |
83,568 | Ozone pollution in the rural United States and the new NAAQS | Chameides, WL; Saylor, RD; Cowling, EB | 1,997 | null | 0 |
85,181 | Exhaust emissions from 4-stroke lawnmowers: reformulated gasoline impacts | Gabele, P | 1,997 | null | 0 |
48,016 | Impacts of reduced NOx emissions on radiative forcing through changes in tropospheric O3 and CH4 - a global 3-D model study | Fuglestvedt, JS; Berntsen, TK; Isaksen, IS; Mao, H; Liang, XZ | 1,997 | A three-dimensional global chemical tracer model and a radiation transfer model have been used to study the role of reduced NOx emissions on radiative forcing. Through production of tropospheric O3, NOx emissions lead to positive radiative forcing and warming. But NOx also reduces the levels of CH4, thereby giving nega... | 0 |
95,700 | Ozone inactivates cyclooxygenase in human tracheal epithelial cells without altering PGHS-2 mRNA or protein | Alpert, SE; Walenga, RW; Jaspers, I; Qu, Q; Chen, LC | 1,997 | National Institutes of Health; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.#Exposure of human tracheal epithelial (TE) cells to ozone (0.1-0.5 ppm) leads to a transient increase followed by decreased production of prostaglandin (PG) E2 concomitant with dose-dependent loss and delayed recovery of cyclooxygenase (CO) activity ... | 0 |
83,560 | Air pollution and daily admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 6 European cities: results from the APHEA project | Anderson, HR; Spix, C; Medina, S; Schouten, JP; Castellsague, J; Rossi, G; Zmirou, D; Touloumi, G; Wojtyniak, B; Ponka, A; Bacharova, L; Schwartz, J; Katsouyanni, K | 1,997 | European Community.#We investigated the short-term effects of air pollution on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Europe. As part of a European project (Air Pollution and Health, a European Approach (APHEA)), we analysed data from the cities of Amsterdam, Barcelona, London, Milan, P... | 0 |
54,039 | EPR evidence for superoxide anion formation in leaves during exposure to low levels of ozone | Runeckles, VC; Vaartnou, M | 1,997 | Although the superoxide anion radical (O-2 hivin .) has been implicated in the phytotoxicity of ozone, (O3), its role has been inferred from indirect evidence based on the activity of oxyradical scavenging systems in the leaf, particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD). Direct observations of radical signals obtained by e... | 0 |
87,816 | A Bayesian perspective on the Bonferroni adjustment | Westfall, PH; Johnson, WO; Utts, JM | 1,997 | null | 0 |
4,130 | The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital | Costanza, R; D'Arge, R; de Groot, R; Farber, S; Grasso, M; Hannon, B; Limburg, K; Naeem, S; O'Neill, RV; Paruelo, J; Raskin, RG; Sutton, P; van Den Belt, M | 1,997 | The services of ecological systems and the natural capital stocks that produce them are critical to the functioning of the Earth's life-support system. They contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, and therefore represent part of the total economic value of the planet. This paper estimates the current... | 0 |
82,735 | Indoor risk factors for asthma and wheezing among Seattle school children | Maier, WC; Arrighi, HM; Morray, B; Llewellyn, C; Redding, GJ | 1,997 | Indoor risk factors for physician-diagnosed asthma and wheezing in the past 12 months without previous asthma diagnosis were assessed in a survey of parents of 5-9-year-old Seattle primary school students. Among the 925 respondents, 106 (11%) reported a physician diagnosis of asthma, 66 (7%) had wheezing without diagno... | 0 |
82,725 | Ozone depletes tocopherols and tocotrienols topically applied to murine skin | Thiele, JJ; Traber, MG; Podda, M; Tsang, K; Cross, CE; Packer, L | 1,997 | Colgate Palmolive. #To evaluate ozone damage to hairless mouse skin, two parameters of oxidative damage, vitamin E depletion and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, were measured in vitamin E-enriched and in control skin from mice exposed to ozone (10 ppm). A 5% vitamin E solution (tocotrienol-rich fraction, TRF) in poly... | 0 |
52,328 | Photochemical modeling of hydroxyl and its relationship to other species during the Tropospheric OH Photochemistry Experiment | Mckeen, SA; Mount, G; Eisele, F; Williams, E; Harder, J; Goldan, P; Kuster, W; Liu, SC; Baumann, K; Tanner, D; Fried, A; Sewell, S; Cantrell, C; Shetter, R | 1,997 | Because of the extremely short photochemical lifetime of tropospheric OH, comparisons between observations and model calculations should be an effective test of our understanding of the photochemical processes controlling the concentration of OH, the primary oxidant in the atmosphere. However, unambiguous estimates of ... | 0 |
83,612 | Cell proliferation contributes to PNEC hyperplasia after acute airway injury | Stevens, TP; Mcbride, JT; Peake, JL; Pinkerton, KE; Stripp, BR | 1,997 | Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are airway epithelial cells that are capable of secreting a variety of neuropeptides. PNECs are scattered throughout the bronchial tree either as individual cells or clusters of cells termed neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs). PNECs and their secretory peptides have been considered to ... | 0 |
84,400 | Subjective indoor air quality in schools in relation to exposure | Smedje, G; Norback, D; Edling, C | 1,997 | This payer presents data on indoor air quality in schools as perceived by those working in them and relates these data to exposure measurements. Data on subjective air quality, domestic exposures and health aspects were gathered by means of a questionnaire which was sent to all personnel in 38 schools; it was completed... | 0 |
52,380 | A global three-dimensional chemical transport model for the troposphere 1 Model description and CO and ozone results | Berntsen, TK; Isaksen, ISA | 1,997 | A global three-dimensional photochemical tracer/transport model (CTM) of the troposphere has been developed. The model is based on the NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) CTM with the incorporation of an extensive photochemical scheme. The model resolution is 80 latitude and 100 longitude with nine vertical... | 0 |
86,257 | DNA damage in leukocytes and buccal and nasal epithelial cells of individuals exposed to air pollution in Mexico City | Valverde, M; del Carmen Lopez, M; Lopez, I; Sanchez, I; Fortoul, TI; Ostrosky-Wegman, P; Rojas, E | 1,997 | #There is an increased interest in using biological markers to monitor individuals for possible exposure to environmental toxicants. Test systems which permit the sensitive detection of DNA damage and DNA repair are critically important in such studies. The single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay is a rapid and a s... | 0 |
81,602 | A thermodynamic approach using group contribution methods to model the partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds on atmospheric particulate matter | Jang, M; Kamens, RM; Leach, KB; Strommen, MR | 1,997 | National Science Foundation; Dow Corning. #Atmospheric particulate matter is a complex mixture consisting of organic and inorganic chemicals. Their sources include various combustion processes, aerosolized dusts and soils, and chemical reactions which produce secondary aerosols. The partitioning of semivolatile toxic o... | 0 |
86,171 | Dietary restriction mitigates ozone-induced lung inflammation in rats: A role for endogenous antioxidants | Kari, F; Hatch, G; Slade, R; Crissman, K; Simeonova, PP; Luster, M | 1,997 | Studies were undertaken to determine whether dietary restriction protects against acute pulmonary oxidant challenge. Male F344 rats were fed NIH-31 diet either ad libitum or at restricted levels equal to 75% that of ad libitum intake. After 3 wk of dietary adaptation, animals were exposed by inhalation to 2.0 ppm ozone... | 1 |
35,330 | Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) | Mulholland, B; Craigon, J; Black, C; Atherton, J; Landon, G | 1,997 | Spring wheat cv. Minaret was grown under three carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and two ozone (O(3)) concentrations from seedling emergence to maturity in open-top chambers. Under elevated CO(2) concentrations, the green leaf area index of the main shoot was increased, largely due to an increase in green leaf area duration. Biom... | 0 |
52,344 | The Milan photooxidant plume | Prevot, ASH; Staehelin, J; Kok, GL; Schillawski, RD; Neininger, B; Staffelbach, T; Neftel, A; Wernli, H; Dommen, J | 1,997 | In Switzerland, measurement campaigns including aircraft measurements were carried out in the summers of 1992 and 1993 as part of the Pollution and Meteorology (POLLUMET) study. Ozone (O3) concentrations, up to 185 ppb, with a large spatial variability were found south of the Alps in the afternoon. Comparison to measur... | 0 |
83,579 | Helseeffekter av bakkenaert ozon [Health effects of ambient ozone] | Lag, M; Schwarze, PE | 1,997 | null | 0 |
85,841 | Particulate air pollution: possible relevance in asthma | Glovsky, MM; Miguel, AG; Cass, GR | 1,997 | The relative importance of air pollution in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma has been of interest for several decades. Numerous studies on the role of gaseous air pollution containing ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide have been published. Very little attention has been focused on the role... | 0 |
85,852 | [Effect of environmental pollution on medical visits for respiratory infection in children from Mexico City] | Tellez-Rojo, MM; Romieu, I; Polo-Pena, M; Ruiz-Velasco, S; Meneses-Gonzalez, F; Hernandez-Avila, M | 1,997 | Objective. To model the variability of medical visits by children for respiratory reasons as a consequence of the daily changes in environmental pollution observed in the emergency and family medicine departments of a hospital of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social located in the southwest of Mexico City during 19... | 0 |
85,652 | Acute pulmonary toxicity of urban particulate matter and ozone | Vincent, R; Bjarnason, SG; Adamson, IYR; Hedgecock, C; Kumarathasan, P; Guenette, J; Potvin, M; Goegan, P; Bouthillier, L | 1,997 | Health Canada; Medical Research Council of Canada.#We have investigated the acute lung toxicity of urban particulate matter in interaction with ozone. Rats were exposed for 4 hours to clean air, ozone (0.8 ppm), the urban dust EHC-93 (5 mg/m3 or 50 mg/m3), or ozone in combination with urban dust. The animals were retur... | 0 |
83,608 | Adjuvant effect of respiratory irritation on pulmonary allergic sensitization: time and site dependency | Siegel, PD; Al-Humadi, NH; Nelson, ER; Lewis, DM; Hubbs, AF | 1,997 | It has been suggested that airway irritation, by acting as an adjuvant, as well as producing damage, may be an important factor related to asthma. The present study examined the window of time following acute upper and lower airway irritant exposure to determine the period of increased risk of immunological sensitizati... | 0 |
47,337 | Energetics, kinetics, and product distributions of the reactions of ozone with ethene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene | Olzmann, M; Kraka, E; Cremer, D; Gutbrod, R; Andersson, A | 1,997 | A detailed kinetic analysis of the complex reaction systems arising from the ozonolysis of C2H4 and (CH3)2C=C(CH3)2 (TME), respectively, is carried out, using master equations and statistical rate theory. The thermochemical as well as the molecular data required are obtained from CCSD(T)/TZ2P and B3LYP/DZP calculations... | 0 |
86,170 | Airway reactivity to inhaled spasmogens 18-24 h after antigen-challenge in sensitized anaesthetized guinea-pigs | Johnson, A; Broadley, KJ | 1,997 | The anaesthetized allergic guinea-pig was used to assess changes in airway reactivity to four different inhaled spasmogens: methacholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), histamine and the thromboxane A2 mimetic, 9,11-dideoxy-9 alpha,11 alpha-methano-epoxy-PGF2 alpha (U-46619). Reactivity was determined 18 to 24 h after cha... | 0 |
84,510 | Effect of aqueous phase cloud chemistry on tropospheric ozone | Liang, J; Jacob, DJ | 1,997 | National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | 0 |
52,189 | The indirect determination of chlorine atom concentration in the troposphere from changes in the patterns of non-methane hydrocarbons | Rudolph, J; Ramacher, B; Plass-Dulmer, C; Muller, KP; Koppmann, R | 1,997 | ABSTRACT About 200 measurements of C2-C9 hydrocarbons were made during a ship cruise (NATAC 91) in the western Mediterranean Sea, the eastern Mid- and North Atlantic and the North Sea in April and May 1991. The changes in the ratios of several pairs of hydrocarbons are used to investigate the possible impact of Cl-ato... | 0 |
83,563 | Effects of repeated exposures of geriatric rats to ozone and particle-containing atmospheres: an analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma proteins | Bolarin, DM; Bhalla, DK; Kleinman, MT | 1,997 | CA Air Resources Board; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health. Inhalation of ozone (O3 ) and airborne particles less than 10 m (PM-10) in mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) is associated with adverse health effects in sensitive human populations, and pulmonary injury in... | 0 |
80,831 | A pilot study in Los Angeles to measure personal ozone exposures during scripted activities | Johnson, T | 1,997 | null | 0 |
52,353 | Overview of tropospheric ozone in the Lower Fraser Valley, and the Pacific '93 field study | Steyn, DJ; Bottenheim, JW; Thomson, RB | 1,997 | #This paper provides an overview of ozone pollution in the Lower Fraser Valley, and summarizes a large, multi-agency field study of that problem. The paper provides a context and general background for the 12 papers in this special issue, and serves to provide a general environmental context for their more detailed rep... | 0 |
94,230 | Photochemical oxidant formation over southern Switzerland 1 results from summer 1994 | Staffelbach, T; Neftel, A; Blatter, A; Gut, A; Fahrni, M; Stahelin, J; Prevot, A; Hering, A; Lehning, M; Neininger, B; Baumle, M; Kok, GL; Dommen, J; Hutterli, M; Anklin, M | 1,997 | We present ground-based and aircraft measurements of photochemically relevant trace gases from the southern part of Switzerland from summer 1994. The region is adjacent to the Po Valley and exhibits the highest ozone concentrations within Switzerland. O3 concentrations of up to 166 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) we... | 0 |
83,621 | Influence of acid aerosol droplet size on structural changes in the rat lung caused by acute exposure to sulfuric acid and ozone | Kimmel, TA; Chen, LC; Bosland, MC; Nadziejko, C | 1,997 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.To investigate whether aerosol droplet size influences structural changes in the lung produced by short-term, concomitant exposure to ozone and sulfuric acid, groups of 10 rats were exposed 4 hr/ day for 2 days to filtered air, 0.... | 0 |
83,622 | In vivo exposure to ozone depletes vitamins C and E and induces lipid peroxidation in epidermal layers of murine skin | Thiele, JJ; Traber, MG; Tsang, K; Cross, CE; Packer, L | 1,997 | National Institutes of Health; The Palm Oil Research Institute; Colgate-Palmolive; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. #To evaluate skin susceptibility to ozone (O3) and to localize possible oxidative damage within the skin layers, hairless mice were exposed to 10 ppm O3 or air (0 ppm O3) for 2 h. The mice were euthanized... | 0 |
95,736 | Linkage analysis of susceptibility to ozone-induced lung inflammation in inbred mice | Kleeberger, , SR; Levitt, RC; Zhang, LY; Longphre, M; Harkema, J; Jedlicka, A; Eleff, SM; Disilvestre, D; Holroyd, KJ | 1,997 | National Institutes of Health; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Indoor Air Research; National Center for Research Resources (US Publ. Health Service). Exposures to the common air pollutant ozone (O3) cause decrements in pulmonary function and induce airway inflammation that is characterized by infiltrat... | 1 |
43,768 | Growth and yield response of commercial bearing-age 'Casselman' plum trees to various ozone partial pressures | Retzlaff, WA; Williams, LE; Dejong, TM | 1,997 | ABSTRACT Nursery stock of plum (Prunus salicina Lindel., cv. Casselman) was planted 1 Apr. 1988 in an experimental orchard at the Univ. of California Kearney Agricultural Center near Fresno, CA. Trees in this study were enclosed in open-top fumigation chambers on 1 May 1989, and exposed to three atmospheric ozone pa... | 0 |
84,979 | Effects of photochemical air pollution and allergen exposure on upper respiratory tract inflammation in asthmatics | Hiltermann, TJN; de Bruijne, CR; Stolk, J; Zwinderman, AH; Spieksma FThM; Roemer, W; Steerenberg, PA; Fischer, PH; van Bree, L; Hiemstra, PS | 1,997 | Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment. #Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways, and exacerbations of this disease have been associated with high levels of air pollution. The objective of this study was to examine whether ambient air pollution and/or allergen exposure induces inflamm... | 0 |
38,023 | Rate constants for the gas-phase reaction of the hydroxyl radical with a series of dimethylbenzaldehydes and trimethylphenols at atmospheric pressure | Tse, CW; Flagan, RC; Seinfeld, JH | 1,997 | Rate constants for three dimethylbenzaldehydes and two trimethylphenols have been determined for the OH reactions at 298 +/- 2 K and atmospheric pressure using a relative rate method. The OH reaction rate constants were placed on an absolute basis using the literature rate constant for 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene of (3.25 +... | 0 |
56,130 | Ozone responses of trees: Results from controlled chamber exposures at the GSF phytotron | Langebartels, C; Ernst, D; Heller, W; Lutz, C; Payer, HD; Sandermann, H, Jr | 1,997 | Tree damage in the field is judged primarily by visual inspection (Forschungsbeirat Waldschaden 1989; Chappelka and Chevone 1992) using needle and leaf discoloration, premature abscission and crown transparency as the principle and rather nonspecific symptoms. A diagnostic field guide is available for distinguishing ?n... | 0 |
47,930 | A three-dimensional chemistry/general circulation model simulation of anthropogenically derived ozone in the troposphere and its radiative climate forcing | Roelofs, GJ; Lelieveld, J; Van Dorland, R | 1,997 | We present results from the tropospheric chemistry/climate European Center Hamburg Model by comparing two simulations that consider a preindustrial and a contemporary emission scenario. Photochemical O(3) production from anthropogenically emitted precursors contributes about 30% to the present-day tropospheric O(3) con... | 0 |
13,303 | Differential susceptibility to inhaled pollutants: effects of demographics and diseases | Bascom, R; Kesavanathan, J | 1,997 | Inhaled pollutants and respiratory disease deserve particular attention at a conference focused on susceptibility and environmental risk. Inhaled air contains diverse biological, physical and chemical stressors which may cause upper and lower respiratory inflammation and exacerbate complex polygenic disorders such as a... | 0 |
81,127 | Aromatic hydroxylation in nasal lavage fluid following ambient ozone exposure | Frischer, T; Pullwitt, A; Kuhr, K; Meinert, R; Haschke, N; Studnicka, M; Lubec, G | 1,997 | Ozone at ambient concentrations affects lung function and initiates an inflammatory response of the airways. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In vitro studies have shown that ozone reacts with water to give reactive hydroxyl radicals capable of oxidizing a wide range of biomolecules. We conduct... | 0 |
82,939 | Air quality predictions using a fixed layer-depth verticle structure in the urban airshed model | Chock, DP; Winkler, SL | 1,997 | A model with a varying layer-depth structure tends to have excessive vertical diffusion but can accommodate a well-defined mixing height. It also requires a modified vertical wind field to minimize possible local accumulation or drainage of species mass. A model with a fixed layer-depth structure may require many layer... | 0 |
80,043 | Effects of ozone on the plasma membrane proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana (L) leaves | Tokarska-Schlattner, M; Fink, A; Castillo, FJ; Crespi, P; Crevecoeur, M; Greppin, H; Tacchini, P | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,744 | The effect of depletion of the earth ozone layer on the human health condition | Jankowski, J; Cader, AB | 1,997 | Development of economic human activity has caused many harmful side effects which constitute an important danger for the biological life of our planet. This review discusses some aspects of the atmospheric changes and their influence on UV radiation reaching a man. The ozone-layer depletion is the result of emissions t... | 0 |
84,374 | The application of exposure-based criteria in developing alternative primary ambient ozone standards | Blanchard, CL; Byrne, SV; Ziman, SD | 1,997 | The form of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone has been a matter of some concern in recent years. The Environmental Protection Agency is reviewing the ozone NAAQS and has proposed a set of alternative standards that address some deficiencies. However, the proposed alternatives are all b... | 0 |
84,435 | Indoor/outdoor concentrations of ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) | Jakobi, G; Fabian, P | 1,997 | Bavarian State Ministry of Environmental Protection. Photochemical pollutants such as ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) could adversely affect human health, especially with relation to effects on lung function. For a realistic assessment of ambient concentrations, both outdoor and indoor measurements of ozone and PA... | 0 |
83,594 | Ambient air quality and asthma: a northern perspective | Guidotti, TL | 1,997 | An important part of the new thinking about asthma is control of preventable risk factors, air pollution among them. The epidemiological evidence that ground-level ozone, in particular, is an important risk factor for provoking asthmatic attacks is strong. however, the evidence that it increases the prevalence of asthm... | 0 |
83,618 | Scanning electron microscopic observations of the pathomorphology of the distal airways and alveolar region in the goat | Kahwa, CKB; Purton, M | 1,997 | Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA). | 0 |
84,256 | Alternative metrics for assessing the relative effectiveness of NOx and VOC emission reductions in controlling ground-level ozone | Georgopoulos, PG; Arunachalam, S; Wang, S | 1,997 | New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. This study presents a new set of metrics quantifying the response of photochemical air pollution systems to changes in O3 precursor levels. Extending the traditional approach of using domain-wide maximum ozone values as the metric for guiding the development of emissio... | 0 |
36,165 | Ultraviolet radiation-induced immune modulation: Potential consequences for infectious, allergic, and autoimmune disease | Selgrade, MK; Repacholi, MH; Koren, HS | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,631 | Impact of the hypothermic response in inhalation toxicology studies | Watkinson, WP; Campen, MJ; Lyon, JY; Highfill, JW; Wiester, MJ; Costa, DL | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Previous studies from this laboratory showed that the decreases in Tco and associated functional parameters often observed in rodents following exposure to xenobiotic agents are capable of modulating the subsequent toxic response and that the magnitude of this induced hypothermic re... | 0 |
53,417 | Acetone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: impact on trace gases and aerosols | Arnold, F; Burger, V; Droste-Fanke, B; Grimm, F; Krieger, A; Schneider, J; Stilp, T | 1,997 | Upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric acetone measurements have been performed in summer and winter 1994 through 1996 at latitudes between 30?N and 75?N using ion-molecule reaction mass spectrometry. We observed very high acetone volume mixing ratios of up to 3000 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) in extended ai... | 0 |
84,626 | Front-door concentrations and personal exposures of Danish children to nitrogen dioxide | Raaschou-Nielsen, O; Skov, H; Lohse, C; Thomsen, BL; Olsen, JH | 1,997 | #The aims of the study were to evaluate the front-door concentration of traffic exhaust fumes as a surrogate for the personal exposure of children and to study factors in the behavior and the environment of children that affect their personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)). The exposure to NO(2) of 103 children l... | 0 |
82,734 | Air pollution and emergency room visits for asthma in Santa Clara County, California | Lipsett, M; Hurley, S; Ostro, B | 1,997 | During the winters of 1986-1987 through 1991-1992, rainfall throughout much of Northern California was subnormal, resulting in intermittent accumulation of air pollution, much of which was attributable to residential wood combustion (RWC). This investigation examined whether there was a relationship between ambient a... | 0 |
86,255 | Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer of humans | Urbach, F | 1,997 | Current scientific evidence indicates that stratospheric ozone has declined worldwide over the past 20 years. The trend estimates are markedly dependent on the geographical location and are highly seasonal. Winter trends are much more negative than those for summer and autumn. Projections based on current assumptions o... | 0 |
40,414 | Adenosine bronchoprovocation: a promising marker of allergic inflammation in asthma? | Polosa, R; Holgate, ST | 1,997 | null | 0 |
83,611 | Air pollution and respiratory health in Mexico City | Hernandez-Garduno, E; Perez-Neria, J; Paccagnella, AM; Pina-Garcia, M; Munguia-Castro, M; Catalan-Vazquez, M; Rojas-Ramos, M | 1,997 | Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT).To determine the effect of air pollution in Mexico City on respiratory health, patient visits for upper respiratory tract infections were monitored in five clinics. Levels of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide, and climatological variables we... | 0 |
82,737 | The role of oxygen free radicals in occupational and environmental lung diseases | Vallyathan, V; Shi, X | 1,997 | Oxygen free radicals and their metabolites, collectively described as reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The pulmonary system is particularly vulnerable to ROS-induced injury because of its continuous exposure to toxic pollutants from a wide variety of sources in t... | 0 |
26,395 | Effects of CO2 and temperature on growth and yield of crops of winter wheat over four seasons | Batts, GR; Morison, JIL; Ellis, RH; Hadley, P; Wheeler, TR | 1,997 | Crops of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hereward) were grown in the field in four consecutive seasons from 1991/1992 to 1994/1995 at Reading, UK, within polyethylene-covered tunnels along which a temperature gradient was super-imposed on the ambient temperature variation at normal atmospheric (ca. 370) or an in... | 0 |
41,752 | Physiology of woody plants | Kozlowski, TT; Pallardy, SG | 1,997 | N/A. | 0 |
38,007 | Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of indan, indene, fluorene, and 9,10-dihydroanthracene with OH radicals, NO3 radicals, and O3 | Kwok, ESC; Atkinson, R; Arey, J | 1,997 | The kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals, NO3 radicals, and O3 with indan, indene, fluorene, and 9,10-dihydroanthracene have been studied at 297 ? 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air. The rate constants, or upper limits thereof, for the O3 reactions were (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1 units): indan, < 3 I 10-19; ... | 0 |
86,213 | Genetic analysis of ozone-induced acute lung injury in sensitive and resistant strains of mice | Prows, DR; Shertzer, HG; Daly, MJ; Sidman, CL; Leikauf, GD | 1,997 | National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Epidemiological studies have found air pollution to be associated with excessive mortality, particularly death from respiratory and cardiovascular causes. Interpretation of these findings is controversial, however, because toxicological... | 0 |
46,187 | Health effects of air pollution from traffic: ozone and particulate matter | Schwartz, J | 1,997 | The increase in vehicle miles travelled in the last 30 years has led to increased concerns about traffic-related air pollution. While our knowledge is still incomplete, a reasonable picture is beginning to emerge for a number of the relevant pollutants. The principal pollutants associated with traffic are nitrogen diox... | 0 |
86,218 | Pollution-induced airway disease and the putative underlying mechanisms | Rusznak, C; Devalia, JL; Wang, J; Davies, RJ | 1,997 | Episodes of severe air pollution, particularly by acid aerosols and sulfur dioxide (SO 2) resulting from excessive burning of coal, frequently resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality from respiratory disease during the first few decades of this century (1-3). Although this form of air pollution has gradually de... | 0 |
47,931 | Simulation of the meridionally and seasonally varying climate response caused by changes in ozone concentration | Bintanja, R; Fortuin, JPF; Kelder, H | 1,997 | Recent model studies have indicated that observed stratospheric ozone decline can have a cooling effect on climate. This study intends to investigate the climate response due to changes in the radiative fluxes caused by prescribed changes in stratospheric as well as tropospheric ozone. For this purpose the authors use ... | 0 |
86,166 | A synoptic evaluation of asthma hospital admissions in New York City | Jamason, PF; Kalkstein, LS; Gergen, PJ | 1,997 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #An evaluation of weather/asthma relationships in the New York City Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) is developed using a synoptic climatological methodology. This procedure isolates air masses, or bodies of air that are homogeneous in meteorological character, and re... | 0 |
27,973 | Effects of ozone and drought stress on the physiology and growth of two clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies) | Karlsson, PE; Medin, EL; Wallin, G; Sellden, G; Skarby, L | 1,997 | Cuttings of two clones of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., were exposed to three different ozone concentrations in open-top chambers during four months in the summer of 1990. The treatments were charcoal-filtered air, non-filtered air and non-filtered air with extra ozone (c. 30 ppb) added daily between 1100-180... | 0 |
54,053 | Trends in stratospheric and free tropospheric ozone | Harris, NRP; Ancellet, G; Bishop, L; Hofmann, DJ; Kerr, JB; Mcpeters, RD; Prendez, M; Randel, WJ; Staehelin, J; Subbaraya, BH; Volz-Thomas, A; Zawodny, J; Zerefos, CS | 1,997 | Current understanding of the long-term ozone trends is described. Of particular concern is an assessment of the quality of the available measurements, both ground and satellite based. Trends in total ozone have been calculated for the ground-based network and the combined data set from the solar backscatter ultraviolet... | 0 |
86,089 | Ozone generating equipment | null | 1,997 | null | 0 |
36,380 | Changes in the biochemical status of plant cells linduced by the environmental pollutant ozone | Schraudner, M; Langebartels, C; Sandermann, H | 1,997 | Tropospheric ozone will increase during the next decades and will reach the critical threshold concentration of 40 nl 1(-1) more often in rural regions than in urban areas. Damage inflicted on plants by ozone can be divided into chronic and acute damage, reflecting different defence strategies of the plants. Chronic da... | 0 |
48,304 | NOx from lightning: 1 Global distribution based on lightning physics | Price, C; Penner, J; Prather, M | 1,997 | This paper begins a study on the role of lightning in maintaining the global distribution of nitrogen oxides (NOx ) in the troposphere. It presents the first global and seasonal distributions of lightning-produced NOx (LNOx ) based on the observed distribution of electrical storms and the physical properties of lightni... | 0 |
86,111 | Effects of ozone on normal and potentially sensitive human subjects: Part II. Airway inflammation and responsiveness to ozone in nonsmokers and smokers | Frampton, MW; Morrow, PE; Torres, A; Voter, KZ; Whitin, JC; Cox, C; Speers, DM; Tsai, Y; Utell, MJ | 1,997 | US EPA assistance award R824835. Exposure to ozone at levels near the National Ambient Air Quality Standard causes respiratory symptoms, changes in lung function, and airway inflammation. Although ozone-induced changes in lung function have been well characterized in healthy individuals, the relationship between airway... | 1 |
57,270 | Characterization of some mineral and fly-ash particles | Kirso U; Irha, N; Teinemaa, E | 1,997 | Many classes of technogenic pollutants occur in the atmosphere as vapours or bound to microparticles (i.e. aerosols) and are dispersed in the atmosphere on a local, regional and global scale. Two electro power plants in Estonia are working on oil shale. The present load of persistent organic pollutants and fly ash is h... | 0 |
52,262 | Photochemistry in the sea-surface microlayer | Blough, NV | 1,997 | Due to the photochemical production and atmospheric deposition of highly reactive species at the sea surface, the microlayer could well act as a highly efficient microreactor, effectively sequestering and transforming select materials brought to | 0 |
41,841 | Reductions in tree-ring widths of white pine following ozone exposure at Acadia National Park, Maine, USA | Bartholomay, GA; Eckert, RT; Smith, KT | 1,997 | Polluted air masses from the industrialized northeastern corridor of the United States flow through Acadia National Park, Maine, U.S.A. The polluted air masses create elevated ozone episodes throughout the growing season, causing visible foliar damage to some native plant species. This study used dendroclimatic techniq... | 0 |
16,251 | Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in indoor air quality investigations | null | 1,997 | The amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air, usually called TVOC(total volatile organic compounds), has been measured using different definitions and techniques which yield different results. This report recommends a definition of TVOC referring to a specified range of VOCs and it proposes a method fo... | 0 |
86,220 | UV-induced reactive oxygen species in photocarcinogenesis and photoaging | Scharffetter-Kochanek, K; Wlaschek, M; Brenneisen, P; Schauen, M; Blaudschun, R; Wenk, J | 1,997 | null | 0 |
86,208 | Oxidants, antioxidant nutrients and the athlete | Packer, L | 1,997 | null | 0 |
84,004 | Daily time series for cardiovascular hospital admissions and previous day's air pollution in London, UK | Poloniecki, JD; Atkinson, RW; Ponce de Leon, A; Anderson, HR | 1,997 | OBJECTIVE: To test for a significant association between air pollution and emergency hospital admissions for circulatory diseases (international classification of diseases-9 390-459) in London, England, that would be consistent with a causal effect of pollution on the previous day.
METHODS: Long term concurrent trend... | 1 |
36,383 | Differences in O3-induced superoxide dismutase and glutathione antioxidant expression in O3 tolerant and sensitive trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) clones | Sheng, Y; Podila, GK; Karnosky, DF | 1,997 | #Three aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones differing in ozone (O3) sensitivity were exposed to O3. The level of total glutathione, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) glutathione- 5-transferase (OST) and mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Mn SOD and cytosolic Cu/Zn S... | 0 |
54,050 | Ground-based comparison of NO2, H2O, and O3 measured by long-path and in situ techniques during the 1993 Tropospheric OH Photochemistry Experiment | Harder, JW; Williams, EJ; Baumann, K; Fehsenfeld, FC | 1,997 | One of the major objectives of the 1993 Tropospheric OH Photochemistry Experiment (August 8 to October 4, 1993) was to compare atmospheric measurements of the important trace gas species NO2, O3, and H2O by in situ techniques and by long-path differential absorption spectroscopy. These compounds were measured over a 20... | 0 |
53,963 | The global impact of human activity on tropospheric ozone | Levy H, II; Kasibhatla, PS; Moxim, WJ; Klonecki, AA; Hirsch, AI; Oltmans, SJ; Chameides, WL | 1,997 | Within a conceptual framework of stratospheric injection, CO-CH4 background tropospheric chemistry, parameterized pollution production in the continental boundary layer and surface deposition, we use an 11 level GCTM to simulate global distributions of present and pre-industrial tropospheric O3. The chemistry is driven... | 0 |
48,373 | Atmospheric photooxidation of alkylbenzenes II evidence of formation of epoxide intermediates | Yu, J; Jeffries, HE | 1,997 | #Photooxidation experiments of six alkylbenzene compounds were conducted under simulated atmospheric conditions. Carbonyl products with their molecular weights matching a series of epoxide carbonyls were observed. This observation supports the supposition formation of epoxide intermediates as suggested by Bartolotti an... | 0 |
83,613 | Frequency of patients with acute asthma in relation to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, other pollutants of ambient air and meteorological observations | Holmen, A; Blomqvist, J; Frindberg, H; Johnelius, Y; Eriksson, NE; Henricson, KA; Herrstrom, P; Hogstedt, B | 1,997 | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation; County Council of Halland, Sweden. Objective. To study the association of the daily frequency of registration of patients with acute asthma at the emergency department of a central hospital in the south-west of Sweden with levels of air pollution a... | 0 |
38,029 | Absolute determination of the temperature behavior of the NO2 + NO3 +(M) <-> N2O5 + (M) equilibrium | Wangberg, I; Etzkorn, T; Barnes, I; Platt, U; Becker, KH | 1,997 | The temperature dependence of the NO2 + NO3 + (M) <-> N2O5 + (M) equilibrium has been studied in the temperature range 279.6-294.2 K at a total pressure of 1000 mbar synthetic air in the 200 m3 EUPHORE simulation chamber facility in Valencia, Spain. Simultaneous determination of the concentration-time behaviors of NO3,... | 0 |
83,623 | Pulmonary structural and extracellular matrix alterations in Fischer 344 rats following subchronic phosgene exposure | Kodavanti, UP; Costa, DL; Giri, SN; Starcher, B; Hatch, GE | 1,997 | Phosgene, an acylating agent, is a very potent inducer of pulmonary edema. Subchronic effects of phosgene in laboratory animals are not well characterized, The purpose of the study was to elucidate potential long-term effects on collagen and elastin metabolism during pulmonary injury/recovery and obtain information abo... | 0 |
47,238 | Heterogeneous chemistry in aircraft wakes: constraints for uptake coefficients | Karcher, B | 1,997 | Recent in situ measurements in subsonic and supersonic aircraft plumes show the presence of high aerosol abundances. Given the large initial surface areas of the exhaust particles (volatile aerosols, soot, and ice) of 10(3)-10(5) mu m(2) cm(-)(3) or more, heterogeneous processing can potentially become important. Based... | 0 |
84,264 | Effect of "beta"2-agonists on histamine-induced airway microvascular leakage in ozone-exposed guinea pigs | Inoue, H; Aizawa, H; Matsumoto, K; Shigyo, M; Takata, S; Hara, M; Hara, N | 1,997 | beta 2-adrenergic agonists exhibit antipermeability effects in the airways. However, it is not known whether beta 2-agonists have this beneficial effect in airway mucosa that is already inflamed. We evaluated the effects of two inhaled beta 2-agonists, salbutamol and formoterol, on the histamine-induced bronchoconstric... | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.