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"""Convert an unzipped Cafca dataset chunk into three WebDataset tiers:

  1. view tier         key = SUBJECT/EXPR_ENV/CAM   -> rgb.png, mask.png, seg.png, cam.json,
                                                        landmark.npz, env.json
  2. scene-mesh tier   key = SUBJECT/EXPR_ENV        -> mesh.obj, mesh.mtl, mesh.jpg
  3. flame-params tier key = SUBJECT/ENV             -> flame.npz

Deliberately excluded (see plan): segmentation_rgb, eval_100/image_grid/*, *.log fitting logs.

Usage:
    python convert_to_webdataset.py --input-dir ./data/single_subject_00060 --output-dir ./data/shards_single_subject
"""
import argparse
import io
import re
import sys
from pathlib import Path

import numpy as np
import webdataset as wds

EXPR_ENV_RE = re.compile(r"^(\d{5})_(\d{3})$")
FLAME_DIR_RE = re.compile(r"^flame_2023_(\d{3})$")
CAM_JSON_RE = re.compile(r"^(C\d{2})\.json$")


def find_expr_env_dirs(root: Path):
    """Yields (subject, expr, env, path) for every SUBJECT/EXPR_ENV directory under root."""
    for path in sorted(root.rglob("*")):
        if not path.is_dir():
            continue
        m = EXPR_ENV_RE.match(path.name)
        if not m:
            continue
        expr, env = m.group(1), m.group(2)
        subject = path.parent.name
        if not re.match(r"^\d{5}$", subject):
            raise ValueError(f"Expected 5-digit SUBJECT parent dir, got {path.parent} for {path}")
        yield subject, expr, env, path


def find_flame_dirs(root: Path):
    """Yields (subject, env, path) for every SUBJECT/flame_2023_ENV directory under root."""
    for path in sorted(root.rglob("flame_2023_*")):
        if not path.is_dir():
            continue
        m = FLAME_DIR_RE.match(path.name)
        if not m:
            continue
        env = m.group(1)
        subject = path.parent.name
        if not re.match(r"^\d{5}$", subject):
            raise ValueError(f"Expected 5-digit SUBJECT parent dir, got {path.parent} for {path}")
        yield subject, env, path


def load_landmark_npz_normalized(path: Path) -> bytes:
    """STAR landmark npz files have mixed float32/float64 dtypes across the source dataset
    (confirmed: bounding_box and face_landmark_2d vary even within the same scene). Normalize
    to float32 so the full shard set has one consistent Arrow schema when loaded via HF
    `datasets` (it infers schema across all samples upfront, unlike the lazy `webdataset` lib).
    This is the one field we don't copy byte-verbatim; documented in the dataset card.
    """
    with np.load(path) as d:
        arrays = {k: d[k].astype(np.float32) for k in d.files}
    buf = io.BytesIO()
    np.savez(buf, **arrays)
    return buf.getvalue()


def cameras_in(scene_dir: Path):
    """Returns sorted camera names (e.g. ['C00', 'C01', ...]) found in cameras_json/."""
    cam_dir = scene_dir / "cameras_json"
    cams = []
    for f in cam_dir.iterdir():
        m = CAM_JSON_RE.match(f.name)
        if m:
            cams.append(m.group(1))
    return sorted(cams)


def convert_view_tier(root: Path, out_dir: Path, shard_size_bytes: int):
    seen_keys = set()
    (out_dir / "views").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    pattern = str(out_dir / "views" / "shard-%06d.tar")
    n_written = 0
    with wds.ShardWriter(pattern, maxsize=shard_size_bytes) as sink:
        for subject, expr, env, scene_dir in find_expr_env_dirs(root):
            expr_env = f"{expr}_{env}"
            env_json_path = scene_dir / "color_image" / "environment.json"
            if not env_json_path.exists():
                raise FileNotFoundError(f"Missing environment.json: {env_json_path}")
            env_json_bytes = env_json_path.read_bytes()

            cams = cameras_in(scene_dir)
            if not cams:
                raise ValueError(f"No cameras found under {scene_dir}/cameras_json")

            for cam in cams:
                key = f"{subject}/{expr_env}/{cam}"
                if key in seen_keys:
                    raise ValueError(f"Duplicate view-tier key: {key}")
                seen_keys.add(key)

                rgb_path = scene_dir / "color_image" / f"{cam}.png"
                mask_path = scene_dir / "foreground_mask" / f"{cam}.png"
                seg_path = scene_dir / "segmentation" / f"{cam}.png"
                cam_json_path = scene_dir / "cameras_json" / f"{cam}.json"
                landmark_path = scene_dir / "landmark2d" / "STAR" / f"{cam}.npz"

                for p in (rgb_path, mask_path, seg_path, cam_json_path, landmark_path):
                    if not p.exists():
                        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Missing expected file for {key}: {p}")

                sink.write({
                    "__key__": key,
                    "rgb.png": rgb_path.read_bytes(),
                    "mask.png": mask_path.read_bytes(),
                    "seg.png": seg_path.read_bytes(),
                    "cam.json": cam_json_path.read_bytes(),
                    "landmark.npz": load_landmark_npz_normalized(landmark_path),
                    "env.json": env_json_bytes,
                })
                n_written += 1
    print(f"[view tier] wrote {n_written} samples, {len(seen_keys)} unique keys")


def convert_scene_mesh_tier(root: Path, out_dir: Path, shard_size_bytes: int):
    seen_keys = set()
    (out_dir / "scene_mesh").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    pattern = str(out_dir / "scene_mesh" / "shard-%06d.tar")
    n_written = 0
    with wds.ShardWriter(pattern, maxsize=shard_size_bytes) as sink:
        for subject, env, flame_dir in find_flame_dirs(root):
            mesh_dir = flame_dir / "eval_100" / "mesh"
            if not mesh_dir.exists():
                raise FileNotFoundError(f"Missing mesh dir: {mesh_dir}")
            obj_files = sorted(mesh_dir.glob("frame_*.obj"))
            if not obj_files:
                raise ValueError(f"No mesh .obj files found under {mesh_dir}")
            for obj_path in obj_files:
                m = re.match(r"^frame_(\d{5})\.obj$", obj_path.name)
                if not m:
                    raise ValueError(f"Unexpected mesh filename: {obj_path}")
                expr = m.group(1)
                expr_env = f"{expr}_{env}"
                key = f"{subject}/{expr_env}"
                if key in seen_keys:
                    raise ValueError(f"Duplicate scene-mesh-tier key: {key}")
                seen_keys.add(key)

                mtl_path = mesh_dir / f"frame_{expr}.mtl"
                jpg_path = mesh_dir / f"frame_{expr}.jpg"
                for p in (mtl_path, jpg_path):
                    if not p.exists():
                        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Missing expected mesh file for {key}: {p}")

                sink.write({
                    "__key__": key,
                    "mesh.obj": obj_path.read_bytes(),
                    "mesh.mtl": mtl_path.read_bytes(),
                    "mesh.jpg": jpg_path.read_bytes(),
                })
                n_written += 1
    print(f"[scene-mesh tier] wrote {n_written} samples, {len(seen_keys)} unique keys")


def convert_flame_params_tier(root: Path, out_dir: Path, shard_size_bytes: int):
    seen_keys = set()
    (out_dir / "flame_params").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    pattern = str(out_dir / "flame_params" / "shard-%06d.tar")
    n_written = 0
    with wds.ShardWriter(pattern, maxsize=shard_size_bytes) as sink:
        for subject, env, flame_dir in find_flame_dirs(root):
            key = f"{subject}/{env}"
            if key in seen_keys:
                raise ValueError(f"Duplicate flame-params-tier key: {key}")
            seen_keys.add(key)

            npz_path = flame_dir / "tracked_flame_params_100.npz"
            if not npz_path.exists():
                raise FileNotFoundError(f"Missing FLAME params file: {npz_path}")

            sink.write({
                "__key__": key,
                "flame.npz": npz_path.read_bytes(),
            })
            n_written += 1
    print(f"[flame-params tier] wrote {n_written} samples, {len(seen_keys)} unique keys")


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
    parser.add_argument("--input-dir", required=True, type=Path,
                         help="Root of an unzipped Cafca chunk (searched recursively for SUBJECT/EXPR_ENV and SUBJECT/flame_2023_ENV dirs)")
    parser.add_argument("--output-dir", required=True, type=Path,
                         help="Output dir; will contain views/, scene_mesh/, flame_params/ shard subfolders")
    parser.add_argument("--shard-size-mb", type=int, default=500,
                         help="Target shard size in MB (default: 500)")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    if not args.input_dir.exists():
        print(f"ERROR: input dir does not exist: {args.input_dir}", file=sys.stderr)
        sys.exit(1)

    args.output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    shard_size_bytes = args.shard_size_mb * 1_000_000

    convert_view_tier(args.input_dir, args.output_dir, shard_size_bytes)
    convert_scene_mesh_tier(args.input_dir, args.output_dir, shard_size_bytes)
    convert_flame_params_tier(args.input_dir, args.output_dir, shard_size_bytes)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()