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I'm working with a collection of old photographs. They were scanned on brown paper in various configurations. Some scans have a single photo, others have three or four. Some of the photos are mounted on white cards, others are not:
I developed an algorithm to find the individual photographs on each scan, which is de... |
Can the walsh hadamard transform be calculated for odd image block sizes such as 5x5 or 7x7? Most of the examples I've seen are for 4x4 and 8x8?
I fear it probably can't from the description I read on Wikipedia ( though I'm still trying to fully digest that page).
|
I am currently doing a research project into the effectiveness of different keypoint detector and feature descriptor combinations for the task of vehicle detection.
At the moment I am using a SVM for simple binary classification of vehicles testing both the bag-of-features model and pyramid match kernels for mapping th... |
Is there any Application, Programming Library or Theory that could be used to identify human language phrases in a set of audio files, so as to calculate the frequency of occurrence of each such phrase. For example, how often does the phrase "Thank You" occur in these files?
One solution might be to convert the audio ... |
For the past month I've been chasing the DFT/FFT rabbit.
Along the way I've been cut-n-pasting the name of other rabbits to chase later:
Autocorrelation, Phase Vocoder, Parabolic Approximation, Wavelet Transform
Here's my problem.
When using an FFT, the lower frequencies are always going to be missing.
I actually found... |
In my text book, Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms, and Applications by John Proakis, it asks the question to show how $$\delta(n) = u(n) - u(n-1).$$
I can understand how this is true if $n$ is an integer, but sometimes I see the step function as a continuous line instead of a fixed point at an instant.... |
If you put a wave packet through the passband of a 1st-order low-pass filter, it will be delayed by the group delay of the filter, and remain the same amplitude, right?
If you put the same wave packet through a complementary 1st-order highpass filter with the same cutoff frequency, the group delay curve is the same, so... |
I'd like to understand how to calculate the cyclic convolution as well as understand what that means exactly. How should I go about finding the output for various periods for a system?
I have an example:
$$
x(n) =
\begin{cases}
n & \textrm{for} \quad 1 \leq n \leq 3\\ 0 &\textrm{otherwise}\end{cases}
$$
$$
h(n) =
\b... |
I have to simulate facial expressions on a face image ( say open mouth ). For this I first extracted the facial feature points and found the corners of the lips. Now I need to deform the image by moving the points down.
In the above image I need to move the points ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) to some distance left and right respe... |
My question is regarding the memory of a filter when we want to implement it on a real time dsp environment. We have certain memories like scratch memory , intermediate memory and internal memory. Does anyone knows how to we implement a filter in real time environment keeping in mind the memory considerations because m... |
I want to measure the frequencies at which a point oscillates in a multidimensional space, let's take the example of a point on a 2d-surface.
For now, I naïvely split the signal in two, along the cartesian coordinates, and compute the two FFTs separately. This approach could work but seems to be arbitrary and may loose... |
I want to phase shift an incoming sine wave with varying frequency but I am unsure how to go about doing so in practical terms.
A little more info regarding the requirements:
I have an encoder producing a sine/cosine pair with a fixed Peak to Peak but as the speed changes so obviously does the frequency. I want to effe... |
if i have the transfer function of magnitude response is there a method that i could calculate the frequency response?
For example the transfer function of the magnitude response is:
$ 3db \pm 3.5db $ for $|ν|<0.1$
$ <-55db $ for $|ν|<0.2$
|
I am confused as why do we need to represent the complex numbers with the imaginary y-axis if we can simply represent them as (x,y) ?
I've read that Multiplication by i is an anti-clockwise rotation of a quarter-circle over y-axis.
Multiplying 1 by i gives i. Multiplying i, by i once more, does another quarter-circle ... |
I am trying to send a short amount of data (10-15 characters) from one mobile device to another via (inaudible) sound within 1-2 seconds. I'd like to be able to deal with normal external noises (chatter, traffic, etc).
I have a software engineering background, but no experience working with sound or audio. Is there a ... |
I'm converting the simulink diagram found in this paper to C code. I'm not familiar with matlab/simulink(too expensive) so need help interpreting the diagram. The problem I experience is that once a value like $\theta$, or $x_1$ becomes zero, zero is propagated everywhere due to the multiplication. The paper states ... |
I am working with Walsh coefficients.
I know the intuitive understanding is almost that that they are the degree of connectivity, but it is there a better way of thinking about it? What is the definition of a Walsh coefficient besides "What you get when you take the Walsh transform".
Thanks
|
In physical systems I understand what is the meaning of stability or unstability. An operational amplifier for example, if working in positive feedback will either saturate or start osscilating (i.e will not have any stable state). thats clear to me.
But I am unable to understand what exactly we mean when we say an IIR... |
I am trying to understand how and why the fourier transform is used in image processing / computer vision. Below is what I have gathered so far. Would my understanding of it be correct? If not, could somebody explain it to me in simple, plain english? Or, does anybody have anything to add to it? Last but not least, cou... |
What distance metric can I use for comparing image features like elongation and solidity of a contour of each image?
Except Least Square and without using a support vector machine because i do not know at which class images belong.
|
I am familiar with much of the mathematical background behind wavelets. However when implementing algorithms on a computer with wavelets I am less certain about whether I should be using continuous or discrete wavelets. In all reality everything on a computer is discrete of course, so it seems obvious that discrete wav... |
It seems that when doing FEC with a concatenated-code, an interleaver is often placed between the outer block code and the inner convolution code. The explanations I've seen say that this is because the convolution decoder often has errors in bursts.
However, if we assume that we're using a Reed-Solomon decoder with... |
I have a stream of music that I'm reading(from a microphone, from an online streaming source or whatever). And I want to have a system that will detect when a song changes.
The question is, is this possible with any kind of accuracy?(even something 75% rate of detection would be helpful).
Alternatively, would it be pos... |
Is there any current ideas about IIR filter algorithm parallelization with thread count greater than filter order?
Ideally, parallelization method should load GPU efficiently.
|
Does anyone have any good references for deriving parameters of an IIR Low pass/High Pass filter directly in the digital domain using the magnitude squared at the corner frequency?
I have been able to derive the parameters of a first order Low/High pass filter with $3\textrm{ dB}$ attenuation at the corner frequency i... |
I'm trying to understand Fast Fourier Transform in Detail to find out what exactly the frequencies when dealing with discrete sequence,
Here is what I've done,
First I've taken a Sinusoidal wave with 1Hz Frequency
A = 4; %Amplitude
Fs = 8; %Sampling Frequency 8Hertz
Ts = 1/Fs; %Sampling Rate = 0.125
f = ... |
Is there any technology to help find out when an audio file is actually recorded?
Here is the problem:
Given an audio file, how can we find out when it is recorded? File creation time is useless because it can be altered.
|
I have a long recording of a train (here is a small sample) there are a number of clicks as the wheels go over joins in the tracks. I would like to detect the location of these.
Looking at the waveform:
There appear to be 8-10 clicks. Some are close together.
I can see that they appear as regions of sustained high am... |
I need a low cost DSP kit for learning purpose, along with development tools. One main requirement is to process a voice signal (8KHz sampling frequency), with a USB interface.
Any suggestions?
Update
A friend of mine suggested that I can use my PC sound card as a DSP- at least for learning basic DSP for sound an... |
I will be using the filter coefficients generated by MATLAB in my code that will run on a microcontroller. The poor microcontroller is very bad in floating point Arithmetic. So What do I do? Shall I directly truncate all float values to nearest int? shall I do ceil? or floor? Is there any function that can automaticall... |
Which approach is better or there is mathematical justification for using Bilater filter and Fourier Transform to decompose a image into High Frequency and Low Frequency Component.
Both Bilateral Filter and Fourier Transform can be used for getting High and Low Frequency component of an image.
Is one approach is better... |
I have been reading up on the pyramid match kernel as an alternative to using the bag-of-words model for object classification using a SVM. The bag-of-words model provides a model for transforming a set of features to a single feature vector, however im confused as to how the pyramid match kernel can be used for this t... |
In my time series data, I have often spikes with regular periods. Sometimes, I get two or three different periodical spike sequences (two electrical noise sources), some with T1 seconds period, some with T2 second period and some irregular and at random times.
Lets say I have two groups of overlapping periodical spikes... |
This seems like a trivial concept but I just can't get the hold of it. I have a signal with two complex sinusoids having frequencies -25MHz and 17MHz. Currently it is being sampled at 64MHz so I get two peaks of fft at -25MHz and 17 MHz. If I throw every other sample away the component at 17MHz shifts to -30MHz and the... |
I'm confused as what is the difference between these two sine wave equations
x(t) = Sin(2*pi*F*t)
and
x(t) = Sin(2*pi*F*nTs)
x(t) = Sin(2*pi*F*t) is supposed to be used with analog signal, here t is supposed to me the samples when speaking of matlab.
A = 4; %Amplitude
Freq = 100;
Time = 1/Freq; %0.01
Fs = 1000;... |
I'm successfully soft-decoding D-BPSK by taking the dot-product of the constellation-position of the symbol and of the previous symbol. If the result is >= 1, then the symbol phase hasn't changed and the bit is a zero. If the result is <= -1 then the phase has shifted and the result is a one. In between -1 and 1 the... |
I'm so happy that i managed to come at this level to understand Wavelet transform to some extent with the help of Stackexchange fellows, Initially i had so many difficulties as i had no concept of Frequency Domain, then I realized that in order to Understand DCT it is mandatory to have basic idea of Co-relation. After ... |
While we are decomposing a signal using Wavelets into levels why do we call our high frequency components as Detail and Low Frequency Components as Approximation ?
|
I have a waveform containing
voice
some children screaming
some times when there is no noise at all
some times there are cars driving by when talking
I want to detect the start and ending times of the loudest voice or the areas in which the same speaker is talking to cut them out.
What I did was a FFT on the wavefor... |
I've been Googling "FIR filters" and "FFT convolution" etc. and I ran across something interesting.
Array Index vs. Pointers:
http://www.bores.com/courses/intro/program/7_array.htm
http://www.dspguru.com/dsp/tricks/fir-filtering-in-c
So, here's my question:
Why is almost every "Fast!!" Fourier Transform function on the... |
I have recorded my own voice in Matlab and I intend to add some echo to it.I came up with one solution for getting the desired echo effect:
Delay the sampled audio in the time domain and adding it to the original sample.
In order to do this I'm using Matlab and I have basically done the following:
recObj = audiorecor... |
I'd like to understand when an input signal is time varying or time invariant.
Specifically, I have this function:
$y(n) = x(n) + 0.1 + (0.2)^n + x(n-3)$
I thought that this is time varying because of the $n$ in the exponent. Would anyone mind to clear this up for me? Is this time invariant or time varying?
|
Problem of processing speech. Required to determine the phonemes and identify vowels and consonants. Anyone involved in this? Please advise what work on the subject is worth reading?
|
I have to make comparison between 155 image feature vectors. Every feature vector has got 5 features.
My image are divided in 10 classes.
Unfortunately for using support vector machine i need at least 100 images for class, There is any alternative?
|
I apologize if this is not the appropriate site or the appropriate type of question, but I didn't know where else to ask. If it is, please inform me to delete the question.
I took a year in college and wasn't ready and so did horribly. However, A couple of years later now I am definitely ready to go back. I've been sel... |
If we already had Short-time Fourier transform for better analysis of a signal than Discrete Fourier Transform, then what was the need that leads to development of Wavelet Transform ?
|
Frequently programs for calculating the spectrum of a signal using the multi-taper method require the user to specify the time-bandwidth product.
What considerations must be made when selecting the time-bandwidth product?
Would would be the effect on the resulting spectrum if the selected time-bandwidth product is t... |
I have the images of cartoons, that were compressed. The example:
They have such noise, that is not easy to delete.
Even though the pixels are on the gray background, the noise pixels can be of very different colors and if I look at the histogram (of grayscale image) of such image I see a lot of bins around the bin ... |
In opencv if i use findcontours function, i get contours and i can compute area, perimeter, convex hull.
if i use a Skeletonized image of a circle how can i compute perimeter,area, convex hull of the skeletonized circle?
UPDATE
image:
My skeletonize function:
import numpy as np
import cv2
import scipy.ndimage.morphol... |
If I recall correctly, there is a variation of the DFT that can be used to analyze a specific band of the spectrum of a signal. How is it called?
|
What might be, if any, some good numerical approximation functions to the ISO 226 family of human perceptual equal loudness curves? Is there a polynomial fit of reasonably low degree?
|
I'm analyzing guitar string plucks and sustains. I'm having good success with auto correlation using FFT's. Now I'd like to detect plucks while the string is still vibrating. Since I already am periodically taking FFT's to find the pitch, I thought maybe I can take advantage of the fft results and look for changes t... |
Does converting zeros into ones and ones into zeros in the input stream affect the decoding result? Empirically I have seen that it does not affect, decoding $[0 1 0 1 \ldots]$ and $[1 0 1 0 \ldots]$ produce the same output stream. But I am not sure if it is true or not, and I am looking for a theoretical proof.
Why I ... |
With a 1/2-rate convolutional encoder, $n$ bits are encoded into $2n$ symbols.
Assume we have a long encoded stream such as $[... s_0, s_1, s_2, s_3, s_4, s_5, s_6, s_7, s_8, s_9, ..., s_{100}, ...]$. I want to extract a small portion from the middle of it, and decode it.
Starting from the symbol $s_1$, the data is de... |
This sample image:
is warped on the left side.
I don't want to dewarp, but just to remove shadow gradient (caused by book's spine). I guess gradient can be calculated from upper part of the image and that information can be used for reconstruction.
First I thought to apply some layer transformation in Photoshop. I t... |
In paper Human identification using gaits Section 3.2, the authors explain how to represent a 3D image (x,y,t) into 2D image with (x,t) ; (y,t) denoted 1D signals. I have a conceptual doubt which is in my case I have a matrix (x,y) represent the centroid of the motion- a pixel point from one frame to the next. So, if w... |
For background information, see "Some background" further down.
I have a list that looks like this:
Start-Time-In-Seconds;End-Time-In-Seconds
1;2
4;6
12;15
...
This works together with a wave file by acting as a cutlist. So the desired parts are 1->2, 4->6, 12->15, ...
If the distance between End-Time-In-Seconds of th... |
Given a discrete real signal $ f_{re}(t) $ the (complex) analytic signal is given by:
$ x(t) = f_{re}(t) + j*f_{im}(t) $.
I want to calculate $f_{im}(t)$: the quadrature by convolving with a Hilbert kernel of size 2*n+1:
$f_{im}(t) = H*f_{re}(t)$
$H=[H_{-n},H_{-n+1},..,H_0,H_{n-1},H_n]$
According to "Complex seismic tr... |
I understand that a digital signal processor consist of multiple MAD (muliply add units), which execute in parallel to implement a difference equation, like this one:
$$ y[n]=10y[n-1] + 45y[n-2] + 45y[n-4]+ 67x[n]$$
and this one;
$$ y[n]=10x[n-1] + 45x[n-2] + 45x[n-4]+ 67x[n]$$
My question is do I need to be careful a... |
I've implemented a soft-decoder for DQPSK using the wonderful answers I received here:
How to soft decode DQPSK?
To get the soft-decoder working properly I needed to precode the data I was sending out. I implemented the precoder mentioned in this paper:
$I_k=\overline{u_k \oplus v_k}*(u_k \oplus I_{k-1})+(u_k \oplus v... |
Is it possible to dynamically filter a signal in realtime on a microcontroller?
What I mean by dynamically is to change the cut off frequency of the filter on the fly.
I have some DSP knowledge and realize that I probably do not have the computational power to do an FFT on the fly. Instead I should be looking at crea... |
I'd like to ask when we apply Wavelet transform on 1-D Signal in Matlab it simply stores both Approximations and Details into a single row which is quite annoying for me,
have a look,
Where,
X = original Signal
cDn = Details coefficients
cAn = Approximations
This is how Matlab do it,
Suppose I have a random sequence,
... |
I have an arbitrary shape defined by a binary mask (gray = shape, black = background).
I would like to find a largest possible rectangle containing only gray pixels (such rectangle is pictured in yellow):
The shape is always "one piece" but it is not necessarily convex (not all point pairs on the shape's boundary can ... |
Given an hidden law $$I(t)=\frac{1}{2}[A+B.cos(2\pi\nu_0t+\phi_0)]$$ I observe its signal with 256 samples and compute its FFT over this interval, and represent the FFT result from 0 to 1 (normalised frequency).
I get a figure whose pic is at 0.83.
How can I retreive A,B and $\phi_0$ from this graphics ?
A second que... |
I'm trying to understand how the PSD is calculated. I've looked in a few of my Communication Engineering textbooks but to no avail. I've also looked online. Wikipedia seems to have the best explanation; however, I get lost at the part where they decide to make the CDF (Cumulative Distrubution Function) and then for ... |
I am trying to understand different filters' and other things' effects on Radon Transform by using MATLAB. First I upload an image, then take its Radon transform with radon function and then reconstruct it with iradon function.
Now I wanted to see the difference between undersampling the projection data by reducing the... |
I've written a quick test app that uses the Goertzel algorithm to determine if a given frequency is present in the signal. This is to pick up DTMF tones and various other signals. The app appears to be working. I'm using the 'magnitude squared' approach in my final stage.
http://www.embedded.com/design/configurable-sys... |
How would would one approximately reconstruct the branches in a photo of a tree, where portions of the branches are covered by leaves?
I can extract the visible portions of the branches by threshholding then opening with line segments at a few different angles. But how would I then (approximately) fill in the spaces t... |
I'm working with a Continuous Hidden Markov Model, and using the Viterbi Decoder which finds the best possible path for a given sequence. Here is how my algorithm works:
1) Process the (input) .wav speech signal
2) Extract the MFCC Coefficients (13)
3) Use these values to train the HMM
4) Execute the Viterbi Decoder
... |
I'm trying to get a grip on Wavelets. I've read "Wavelets, Their Friends, and What They Can Do for You" which lead me to an implementation of the discrete DWT with filter banks. Basically, I'm using the equations
$$
a_{j,k} = \left[\tilde{H} * a_{j+1}\right](2k)\\
d_{j,k} = \left[\tilde{G} * a_{j+1}\right](2k)
$$
which... |
I'm doing autocorrelation (via fft) on pure, synthetic generated sinusoids and getting unexpected jitter in the results. The jitter depend on where in the sine the signal buffer is started. I get the correct results if I start the buffer at 0 and 180 degrees of a sine wave, and get the most error at 90 and 270 degree... |
I would like to know the theoretical difference or relationship between noise and artifact in images, I barely know the relation between noise and distributions, but I'd like a deep explanation if it is possible related to medical imaging field.
Do you have a link, paper at hand?
|
I'm learning about Directional Filter Banks for my Thesis about Image Enhancement. I read it from some papers (Bamberger(1992) and Park(2004)) but I still cannot understand it clearly in detail. Could anyone here please explain it to me the process? Does it applied on Frequency domain or Spatial domain?
Thank you very ... |
How do those matrices work? Do I need to multiple every single pixel? How about the upperleft, upperright, bottomleft and bottomleft pixels where there's no surrounding pixel? And does the matrix work from left to right and from up to bottom or from up to bottom first and then left to right?
Why does this kernel (Edge ... |
I've got in total 6 images, from 2 cameras (thus 3 per camera) storing 16 bit data.
What I need to feedback to the user is like some sort of sharpness coefficient, preferably live while he is adjusting the focus of the whole system (since its looking into the eyes, it depends on the dioptres of the patient).
What I a... |
I have a very specific application which requires to use the complex Morlet wavelet (or Gabor wavelet, if that's the name you use). I currently use the convolution theorem to compute wavelets transforms, but I'm reading everywhere that direct wavelet transforms are more computer efficient, because of the lifting scheme... |
It has always been said that $F(0)$ is the "DC component" in fourier transform. However, I don't get what it means to say that $F(0)$ is "DC" in the context of image processing.
The zero in this case just meant zero frequency, and hence no changes isn't it? Then in the context of image processing, how should I imagine... |
Why is the least squares cost function used in adaptive noise cancellation with the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm, but the mean squared error used in signal estimation?
For an ergodic source (where time and ensemble averages should be the same) I would have thought the choice was arbitrary.
From my notes: LM... |
How would I extract the circular area of a binary image which looks like:
The two rods emerging from the side of the circle are noise.
I know of the hough transform in Matlab. However, I am using R and can't seem to find anything similar.
Ideas anyone?
|
I'm just learning about Fourier Transforms and as an input I'm using a WAV file (Matlab) and taking one channel of it and performing a quick Fourier transform. I've zero padded the input, as I've been told that it gives a better frequency resolution. I've done this and I see an identical looking graph apart from that t... |
I am looking for a technique for measure the quality of my denoise filter, is the SNR formula useful for that purpose?
My problem is, I have an image with noise, I apply the "adaptive median filter", how to know if the noise has decreased?
|
I'm comparing frequency spectrum of FSK, ASK, QPSK, and MSK. And I'm asked which has the least and greatest spectral coverage. Could someone enlighten me on how to get it?
|
Is it because noise manifests itself in the transmitted signal's amplitude?
|
For an image has a simulated horizontal motion blur on it, is it reasonable for someone to say that the suggested shape for the point-spread function resulting in this motion blur is a rectangular pulse aligned in the direction of motion?
If so, what is an explanation for this?
|
I'm using the 2D Fast Hartley Transform to do fast correlation of two images in the frequency domain, which is the equivalent of NCC (normalized cross correlation) in the spatial domain.
However, with NCC, I can get a confidence metric that gives me an idea of how strong the correlation is at a certain offset. In the f... |
I took an image, did an fft2 to it in Matlab and then squared the abs of the fourier transform to get the power spectrum.
Something I notice about the power spectrum however is that there are vertical lines in it like this:
This is the original image which the power spectrum was calculated from, for reference:
What a... |
I have a time varying discrete signal x(t) sampled at 5ms rate.
I need to find the amplitude of the 20 Hz frequency component for each sample.
What I do today is that for each sample I do a Short-time Fourier Transform of the data in a window around that sample. Then I read the amplitude for the 20 Hz frequency compone... |
I have implemented a texture recognition algorithm in MATLAB and it works well. Now, my next step is to summarize with the accuracy percentage. Now, I would like to summarize my work and attribute an accuracy to my algorithm.
I have around 1000 images and only one training image. The feature vectors are available for a... |
It's known that the RLS filter converges faster than the LMS filter in general, but that if you're tracking time varying parameters the LMS algorithm can perform better.
My question is under what conditions does this hold? I understand that the LMS filter is like a point estimate, but the RLS uses more data - when wou... |
I have a Xilinx FPGA running at 200MHz with an ADC and DAC on board. I am taking a 2462MHz sine wave (pretending it is 802.11b chan 11), mixing it down to 40MHz putting it through my FPGA, mixing it back up and looking at it on a Spectrum Analyzer.
I have 4 taps (255 clock delays deep) to play with in my FPGA and am c... |
I was reading about Digital Cosine Transform (DCT Type-I) and it's use in JPEG.
I have the following doubt. My teacher offered an explanation which wasn't very convincing.
What property of Digital Cosine Transform makes it attractive for compression of images? Why Digital Sine Tranform is not used?
More specifically, ... |
I am trying to generate a random signal that represents a gyroscope drift. I know the Allan Variance characteristics of the signal (ARW, RRW, Bias Instability and Cluster Time for for Bias Instability).
I guess I could model this as an addition to two stochastic processes: a white noise process and a drift process. Th... |
I've been working on a project for some time, to detect and track vehicles in video captured from UAV's, currently I am using an SVM trained on bag-of-feature representations of local features extracted from vehicle and background images. I am then using a sliding window detection approach to try and localise vehicles ... |
I have checked this and this Question in this site very much similar to my question. But I want to know are they Qt compatible? I want to start learn developing DSP application in Qt framework so I want some library compatible with Qt so that it can later be translated into Qtpython also? Can we use same libraries with... |
I am having trouble understanding what is causing the problem to my Wavelet output when i am trying to display the image with the figure command.
I want to display both the Original image and its Wavelets decomposition,
but when I'm using this code the original image is not displaying in a separate figure.
Here is my c... |
I'm working on a project to hide simple string inside a 255x255 image using Wavelet transform. The problem is that,
When i used Haar Wavelet the result is successful,
This is what I've done,
Decompose the image into its approximation and details(Vertical,Horizontal,Diognal)
then Hiding message in the details of the I... |
I want to excite a loudspeaker with a constant magnitude chirp that sweeps across all frequencies in the audio band. I downloaded a test file from this Audio Check - High Definition Audio Test Files to start with.
I plot the log magnitude of the file with the following code which I use for other applications as well.
[... |
We are investigating ways to test a control algorithm. The algorithm has a non-equidistant track of input data (i.e. not every sample is valid, and we know it), and should output a series of correction factors.
Under a certain frequency, it should correct for a deteriorating light source.
Is there a way to black-box t... |
I need to graph a $16$ bits binary sequence, assuming that it'll be a FM analog signal I need to apply FSK to it.
So, I think I should use the formula
$A \cos(2\pi f_1 t)$ for binary $1$'s
$A \cos(2\pi f_2 t)$ for binary $0$'s
But I'm really confused about how to set a method for getting the graph for my $16$ bit sequ... |
I am interested in knowing the step amplitude on a signal which can only be measured through a hardware RC filter. The measured signal follows this formula:
$$
V(t) = V_0 \left(1 - e^{-\frac{t}{RC}}\right)
$$
Is it possible to estimate the step amplitude, $V_0$, given that we can perform two measurements on the almost ... |
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