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I have captured car positions at different frames from the video. Suppose car's(e.g.left side car which is coming towards us in the images) centroid at video frame1 is P(x1,y1) and Q(x2,y2) at video frame4. Is it possible to represent P and Q points into 3D? so that i can calculate correct pixel distance d(PQ) and fi...
I have a fairly good understanding of Wavelet Analysis, but what are these bilinear distributions and how do they differ from Wavelet Transform?
I have very limited knowledge of DSP, so I apologize if my question is trivial :) I have an EEG signal from which I need to extract different frequency bands. For example, waves in the the frequency band of 8-12 Hz. After noise filtering, I was planning to simply feed the data into the FFmpeg bandpass filter, setting t...
Apologies for the poorly formulated question -- I've been away from DSP for a while. Let us say I have amplitude vs time data for N signals. where amplitude is -127 to 127. For each signal I have say 900 to 1100 time samples. I have a priori knowledge that the N signals can be grouped into n clusters where n << N. I ca...
I am trying to design a filter whose magnitude is the same as that of a given signal. The given signal is wind turbine noise, so it has significant low-frequency content. After designing the filter, I want to filter white Gaussian noise so as to create a model of wind turbine noise. The two signals, that is the origina...
I am running a stationary wavelet transformation on a brain image. I can't understand why it shifts with each level so that the image is no longer centered. You can see that the X component shifts to the right, the Y to the bottom, the diags up and to the left. This makes it hard to reach my goal of using the SWT to de...
I'm working with cross-sectional CT scans of the leg using matlab's image processing toolbox. Part of what I'm attempting to do is to automatically isolate the leg in any image, which requires removing any extraneous objects that are present in the image. So far my code is able to take out most objects, which works f...
I have several Images of shape H, F, I, L.. which have curved corners. How do I process them to give sharp right-angled corners? I tried approximating them with inner rectangles, but this takes a LOT of time.. How do I proceed with it? This is the sample Image. I want to process it such that I get rid of rounded corne...
I am have the code from here. I have changed the images with some of my own and I have seen that SVM is not working. That is not a problem because I have found on another question the answer. Now I have changed the evaluation to NormalBayesClassifier. I am waiting for more than half an hour for the classifier to train....
Given a state vector, $ x $, given by $ x = {[r, v, a]}^{T} $ (Range, Velocity, Acceleration) the Time to Hit is the the time which holds the following: $$ r + v {T}_{tth} + \frac{a {T}_{tth}^{2}}{2} = 0 $$ Now, given the State Vector covariance $ P $ what would the the Time to Hit Covariance? If the Time to Hit was gi...
I am working to understand and use the Chirp Z-Transform. I want to use the algorithm for simple signal processing on data sets that are not a power of two. I need to be able to inverse transform as I want to transform a set of data to the frequency domain and operate on the (complex) frequency coefficients, and then...
I have developped an application for image inpainting. Now I want to claim that it can be used for realtime purposes. Does somebody know a paper which gives some boundaries for realtime applications? I want to refer to a paper to prove my assumption.
I have two cameras with rotation and translation starting from the world origin and a patch in the first camera's reference coordinate system. I want to warp this patch into the second camera's reference coordinate system. My idea is to transform every pixel like this: $$T=T_2-T_1$$ $$R=R_1^{T}R_2$$ $$x' = \left[(x K_...
I want to do boat detection in almost real time around 2-3 frames/sec and my computation power is not very high. I want to keep the computations as low as possible. Which is the best method to do it? Here are some examples of images where I want to detect the boat.
I am trying to find the analytic expression of the autocorrelation function for a signal $X(t)$ which is defined as follows. $X(t = 0) = 1$ At random times jumps to $X(t) = 0$ happen The jump probability in each infinitesimal time-step is $\Gamma dt$ After the jump the signal stays at $0$ for time $\tau$ Then the si...
I'm currently reading about segmentation, and have come across finding edges in an image. I then have this image: Now, I understand how the mask used for the second-derivative works, and give the values for that, but I can't figure out how the mask for first-order derivative works ? The second-order 1D mask is just [1...
By uniform noise I mean a band of a fixed width, no spikes, etc. This has to be one of the simplest examples. I'm looking for the appropriate theoretical approach as much as something relatively computationally efficient. The true signal changes slowly (slower than 1Hz, a battery voltage). The noise band remains fair...
I am currently doing a project that attempts to reconstruct the 3D structures from slices, i.e. the tomographic approach. After many steps of image processing, the last task is to connect the “points” (the centroid of the sections) to create the skeletons. The skeletons have been confirmed to be a forest of binary tre...
The Rayleigh quotient for a covariance matrix $\mathbf{C}$ and a non-zero steering vector $\mathbf{a}$ is given by $$ R(\mathbf{C},\mathbf{a}) := \frac{\mathbf{a}^H\mathbf{C}\mathbf{a}}{\mathbf{a}^H\mathbf{a}}. $$ In this context, it can be shown that under the constraint $\mathbf{a}^H\mathbf{a}=1$ $$ \lambda_m \leq \...
Please help! I am trying to figure out why in the code i have below my input signal is being cropped but in the code I have a full signal created. The white noise created is 5000 samples for the right channel with the left channel silent then a 10000 pause sample and then 5000 samples for the left with the right channe...
What is the procedure to check the signal type? example: $ x(t) = A \sin (\omega t) $ $ y(t) = A e^ {-\lambda |t|} $
I am trying to port a MATLAB code into C++ and found the usage of rand in MATLAB. Is MATLAB's rand function and C++ rand() function same? If not, is there any inbuilt function for MATLAB's rand in C++ or OpenCV?
I couldn't figure out below paragraph on SURF paper and hope that someone can help me to understand it. Why image rotations around odd multiples of $\frac{\pi}{4}$ lead to a loss of repeatability? Bay H., Ess A., Tuytelaars T. Van Gool L. - Speed-Up Robust Features (SURF), page 3, column 2 Gaussians are optimal for ...
I am trying to understand the Allocation property of Spectral Transformations. I can't. I know that every function can be separated into an even part and into an odd part. My problem is understanding proof for that: $$s(t)=s_e(t)+s_o(t)$$ where: $s_e(t)$ - even part of function $s_o(t)$ - odd part of function The pro...
I'm working on a wav audio file using MATLAB. What i would like to do is: load a wav file and divide it into frames of the same dimension filter these frames (with a different filter for each different frame) using, for instance, iirnotch put all the filtered frames together again without having discontinuities betwee...
I am trying to test system identification in presence of measurement noise (1) A white Gaussian noise (2) Colored noise - pink, violet. When we are estimating parameters we do so in presence of iid, zero mean uncorrelated noise. Q1: I would like to know if the colored noise are correlated or not. I think they have dif...
I don't fully grasp how polarity inversion is performed in the polar coordinates of frequency domain. The frequency components of the signal do not change, so the amplitude part is going to stay whatever it is. That means the phase must change, but how? If I multiply the phase by -1 the time domain gets reversed. Phase...
I am reading image processing book.while reading i am getting terms like image detection,image recognition and image segmentation. it seems that all above terms are one and the same.i am totally confused amongst them.so can anybody help me to understand or distinguish between the above?
A question on this topic has been asked before: Combining a linear Kalman Filter with additional linear constraints. And I checked out some of these references. I will probably use estimate projection. However I have a couple of questions: For the log-likelihood calculation, (i.e. when fitting the model) should I use ...
I want to generate and play sound for tones with frequency 100 Hz and 200 Hz for 10 sec and 5 sec respectively using MATLAB with sampling frequency equal to 20500 Hz. Also I want to plot their frequency spectrum. Is it possible to do this using MATLAB?
I am trying to apply a window function to smooth my signal and finally obtain the peaks of the signal. Yet, for spectral leakage I apply window function in time domain. After taking the Fourier amplitude spectrum ı want to further smooth the signal. Yet I do not know how to apply smoothing windows for frequency domain....
Some of the things I'd like to accomplish: Strip the vocals from a recorded song as best as possible Recreate someone's song voice (like a famous artists') using someone else's voice as input Adjust parameters of the algorithm to slightly modify the output voice What math, algorithms, research is out there? Or is th...
I would like to simulate a sensor that provides range and direction of a beacon. This is for EKF localization, so the noise must be Gaussian (i.e. $\mathcal{N}(0, \sigma^{2})$. Also, I would like to compute the measurement noise matrix $Q_{k}$ which is $$ Q_{k} = \begin{bmatrix} \sigma^{2}_{r} & 0 \\ 0 & \sigma^{2}_{\t...
I have taken an image in height 2 meters of the ground as the original image and I want to simulate another image in 50 cm's of the ground, such as the simulated image. The focal length of my camera is 3.7 mm (f = 3.7). I have used from planar homography: H = k'*(eye(3) - ((t*n')/d))*inv(k) for each plane in original i...
i am trying to understand the error metrics for images. i had no statistics class or anything and i'm having a bit of problem with even the simplest things. i have started reading this http://unitstep.net/downloads/school/image-qa-presentation/ just for starters, it says that mean squared error is (page 3) sum_over_i_j...
I've written an application that estimates pitch based on autocorrelation function. I did peak picking by comparing vector values to determine whether the central one is a peak or not, but this method is not working well. Can someone indicate a reliable peak picking algorithm?
I have a periodic time domain sensor signal sampled at $500 \text{ Hz}$ whose amplitude spectrum I compute and obtain. From the periodicity of the signal, I was expecting the fundamental frequency to be around $f = 1.2\text{ Hz}$, and this is what I observe with amplitude say $A_1$. But besides the minuscule diminishin...
I've made a simple first order IIR highpass filter with a zero at z = 1 and a pole at z = 0.9. Its frequency response looks like this: Now, I filter a DC signal using this filter. Here's the MATLAB code I use to do it: b = [1 -1]; % Zero at z = 1 a = [1 -0.9]; %Pole at z = 0.9 figure(1) freqz(b, a) t = 1:100; x(1:le...
i have two sets of signals whose spectrum looks like shown in the figure. The first column of signals belongs to category 1 and the second belongs to category 2. Looking at the spectrums I want to identify features which will differentiate the two. Eg:mean,variance etc.
My problem is as follows: I decompose the 4th level detail coefficient of an ECG signal further up to the fourth level and I want to reject the approx. coeff. at this level, which corresponds to the powerline interference. I reject this by using upcoef() with 'd' and then specifying only the detail coefficient. Then I ...
I'm new to signal processing. And I just read G.720.1. I find there is a lot of moving average used. And I can also recall there is a lot of moving average been used in other audio processing algorithm. For example in G.720.1, the ZCR (The zero crossing rate of the input 10ms frame) are input of moving average algorith...
I have sampling problem that I am trying to solve analytically I have sampling frequency, let say 1kHz. I have number of target frequencies, let say 10kHz,100kHz,1MHz For each target frequency I need to find nearest frequency so that after 20 cycles of sampling I will have 20 points that will be evenly distributed ...
I have several related questions about camera resolutions. If I calibrate my camera to a particular resolution say 640x360, can I use it for another resolution like 1024x768? Also, I want to know as to how many centimeters does 1 pixel contain in my image. It varies from system to system. How do I find that?. Also, it...
There are a new noise cancellation headphones that almost fully cancel human noise. What kinds of algorithms could achieve that ? EDIT:by human noise , i mean talking. In general, previous audio cancellation headphones didn't work that well for attenuating talking.
I am new to digital filters and trying to understand parameters behind them. Scenario I am trying to get DC value from signals sampled at 100kHz sampling rate. such high frequency is used due to system hardware limitations. A very sharp low-pass filter is to be used with cut-off frequency at 1Hz. The plan is to capture...
I have code like below that applies a bandpass filter onto a signal. I am quite a noob at DSP and I want to understand what is going on behind the scenes before I proceed. To do this, I want to know how to plot the frequency response of the filter without using freqz. [b, a] = butter(order, [flo fhi]); filtered_signal...
I have read that: Using Fourier decomposition any arbitrary image can be represented as summation of orthogonal basis images. I want to see the basis images for any image say Lena or Cameraman, etc. So can anybody help me to decompose an image into basis images and reconstruct back the same image from basis images ...
I want to compare time and frequency marginals of Wigner-Ville distribution and STFT. I can calculate WVD's marginals by simple sum operation since WVD is real. But I could not figure out how to deal with STFT. For WVD, sum(WVD(x)) and sum((WVD(x))') give the marginals where ' denotes the matrix transpose operation. Si...
I have a program which plots data obtained in a NI USB DAQ realtime to a spectrogram plot using the surf function. I'd like to improve the appearance of the plot using some sort of windowing function. My questions are: Which windowing function is the best to use for this? and How do I implement it? Here's a sample of m...
I have a large set of photographs of pieces of rocks. In each photo there is a 4 inch ruler bar placed next to the rock, consistently on the left near the edge, see example: Over 10 years the photographers moved in and out, and used different file resolutions. I need to normalize all of them to the same DPI before I ...
In a book i have there's an exercise that want to find the output of a system for a given signal system: $ 2y(n)=2x(n)+x(n+1)+x(n-1) $ input : $ Χ=[\underline1, -1, 2, 0, -2, 0, 1 ]$ $Χ1=Χ[0] $ What represent's the underlined value?
I am tracking a car using particle filter by making a rectangle around it, and I am using the state vector $[x, y, u, v, a, h]$, where: $x$, $y$ is the position of the body $u$ and $v$ are velocity in $x$ and $y$ direction $h = \mathit{height}$, and $a = \mathit{width/height}$ , height and width of the rectangle My s...
I have seen that the SNR is measured for optical fibers "OSNR". What is the difference? Is there any equivalent?
I have four sensors which make measurements $y_k(t)$ that can be modeled as complex time series: $y_1(t) = h_1(t) * x(t) + n_1(t)$ $y_2(t) = h_2(t) * x(t) + n_2(t)$ $y_3(t) = h_3(t) * x(t) + n_3(t)$ $y_4(t) = h_4(t) * x(t) + n_4(t)$ I am interested in extracting the $n_k(t)$ signals; the $x(t)$ is a nuisance common mod...
I am using Erdas 2014 to run a 5x5 focal median filter on a batch of images (Raster Tab > Spatial > Focal Analysis (batch)). These images will eventually be resampled to a different pixel size, and therefore I do not want to spend the processing time calculating pyramids. How can I turn off pyramids while performing ba...
Making static 3D image is very simple - we just take image pair with something like this: then we can see 3D image by putting the left and right eye image side by side and crossing eyes or overlapping the images and using color filters for each eye. So far so good. VR headsets (e.g. Oculus Rift) now allows seeing the ...
I am extremely new to signal analysis. And before posting I did a lot of reading on signal analysis, FFT and windowing. I am working on my thesis which involves comparison of speech signals lets say about 100 speech samples for a given sentence. I have the recordings and all the data. I have a few questions in order of...
I know that the phase spectrum contains most of the structural information about the image importance of phase. But I want to know more about importance of phase spectrum related to video signals. I have read that temporal variations of phase values are able to capture most of the dynamical characteristics of the video...
I am wondering the detail of the filtered backprojection. Suppose I have a projection file: $p(s,\theta)$=[1 2 3 1 2] Then to get its filtered backprojection version using ramp filter, I should apply FFT to it, to get its Fourier version $P(\omega,\theta)$ To use |$\omega$| to multiply $P(\omega,\theta)$ Backprojecti...
What is the best possible runtime for extracting SIFT keypoints and Descriptors? I know it depends on #keypoints extracted. So, say for image of size 640x640, the code that I have been using requires around 3 seconds for description of ~2000 keypoints. What is the best runtime achieved and how (on similar grounds)? How...
I'm trying to increase the pitch of a wav file using MATLAB. (I don't expect it to sound very good, but I'm trying to figure out how wavelets in MATLAB work.) Here's what I'm doing: scales = {2.34375,0.5,21}; result = cwtft(b5,'scales',scales); result.scales = 2*scales; b5high = icwtft(result); (b5 is just the opening ...
I have an exercise in DSP. I learnt about discrete filter but I don't know how to apply it to produce an output from an input signal. Please guide me to do this: Assume fundamental sample time is 1 and Step time is 1, the result of output at time 5 is?
Now K(s) is obviously the negative feedback loop which is ${H(s) \over 1+H(s)G(s)}$ When I substitute ${H(s) = {1 \over s-2}}$ I get K(s) = ${ 1 \over s-2 +G(s) }$ For the system to be stable I know that the poles have to be on the negative half of th imaginary plane. Not sure how to find G(s).
If I'm given a autocorrelation matrix of a WSS process what interpretation should I put on the resulting vector. More concretely the matrix takes the form $\begin{bmatrix} x_1 & x_2 & \ldots & x_n \\ x_2 & x_1 & \ldots & x_{n-1} \\ \ldots & \\ x_n & x_2 & \ldots & x_1 \end{bmatrix}$ and I multiply it with a vector de...
I couldn't figure out below paragraph on SURF paper and hope that someone can help me to understand it. Bay H., Ess A., Tuytelaars T. Van Gool L. - Speed-Up Robust Features (SURF), page 4, column 2 The large scale changes, especially between the first filter within these octaves (from 9 to 15 is a change of 1:7), ...
I am trying to implement particle filter to track a car bounded by a box. First i used color histogram as my likelihood function and implemented PF, where i was using the bhattacharya distance to get weights. Later I used motion technique, In which i am subtracting the consecutive images, and then finding the contour ...
I have some input and output data that I believe adequately includes excitation of the important dynamics of a system. I know it is at most a 4th-order transfer function. How can I identify the transfer function? I have Python available. (I have MATLAB but do not have access to the System ID Toolbox and need to limit m...
I have a 3D object which I have segmented and represented as a 3D binary array. I need to find the longest line which fits inside of the object in three dimensional space. What would be an efficient method I could use to approach this problem. The following is an example of what I am trying to do but in 2 dimensions. ...
I don't know what to call these images, but they're very often used in the image processing world as standard examples to show the output of a particular operation. Here's a link to the page describing Lena as a "standard test image". Are there similar canonical audio clips used to demonstrate the effects of certain au...
I see these terms everyday in every lecture, I do read stuff from wikipedia, follow lecture notes, study solved exercises. All in all I do have a rough idea about these, I know a little from everything, but the picture is not complete, far from complete, I would like to understand all of them and improve myself because...
For a signal that is not corrupted with noise, how is the time-bandwidth product affecting the uncertainty or error introduced when extracting the fundamental frequency ? I mean, instead of choosing the fundamental frequency of the signal at $f_0$, you choose a harmonic $f_k$ at $k\cdot f_0$ and divide by $k$ to get $f...
I am trying to generate a band limited noise signal on a Raspberry Pi. I calculate samples at every 1/48000 sec on the Pi. If I generate normally distributed random numbers as data points at every sample would it be gaussian noise signal. Here is what i am having a hard time to understand, how to interpret the frequenc...
In real time audio, one cannot program the way they usually do: with new delete or even malloc: it introduces glitches when creating memories. By if I pass by value, a copy is made right, so let's suppose I pass a vector by value, its value will be copied, thus creating a memory thus it's forbidden with real-time audio...
Suppose you produce a pulse x in discrete samples of duration dt each (e.g. in Matlab) according to a function. I was given some notes in which it shows that if I want it to let it have a specific power I have to first normalize it by doing energy = sum((x.^2).*dt) %first calculate the pulse energy x = x./sqrt(energy) ...
Basically I want the hand gesture recognition even when I have an object in hand by using a camera (MS Kinect) in front. My fingers are not visible directly to the camera due to the object. For example if I could project some electromagnetic rays which can pass through the object but not through the hand so that I get...
I have a training set of 4000 for ML with 36 features, two-class classifier. Consider that due to some discrepancy feature no. 25 is missing for half of the data. But during data acquisition I know what class it belongs to. I have defined a specified value (-1000) for that missing data. Other feature values are rela...
I'm struggling with a basic concept. Suppose I have a system $y(t)=e^{-at}u(t)\ast x(t)$ and I want to plot impulse response and step response using Matlab conv() function at various sampling rates. I'm having trouble understanding what gain I should apply and why. I tried: a = 0.05; cutoffTime = 250; T = 1/sampling...
I am doing one example from my book as a preparation for exam. The assignment is: It is given that: $$\mathbb{rect}(t)=pf(t) \leftrightarrow PF(f)=2AT_0 \cdot \mathbb{sinc}(2\pi fT_0)$$ you need to calculate frequency spectrum of: $$pf(t)=\mathbb{sinc}(\omega t)$$ Truthfully, I have no idea where to start. I p...
I need to create a vector of sine signal. So I'm trying to figure out what the structure of the function that describe sine signal ? For example the function $\sin 2x$ meets the requirements? If the answer is no, then what is the reason?
I have a .wav file which came off of a cd with a scratch, so there is a periodic "clicking" of about 6 Hz. I was playing around with trying to squash the clicking by taking FFT and filtering the range around this frequency, but with no success. I tried smoothing the low end of the FFT spectrum, but it didn't change a...
I have read the DSP literature and I get why: $$e^{j(\omega+2 \pi m)n}=e^{j\omega n}$$ But can't we prove the same in continuous domain also in the following way: $$e^{j\omega t}$$ $$e^{j(\omega+2 \pi m)t}$$ $$\left( e^{j\omega} \cdot e^{2j\pi m}\right) e^t$$ $$e^{j\omega t}$$ If my above reasoning is correct, then doe...
How can I determine the poles and zeros of a system given its frequency Response? I can understand how one can find the Frequency response from poles and zeros of a system. Is it possible to do it the other way round?
Does anyone have a mechanism to understand intuitively (and automatically) why the Fourier Transform of certain functions have certain shapes (at least for some functions, not necessarily for all)? I know what kind of operator the Fourier Transform is and what it does to a function but somehow I can't see intuitively ...
I want to find the channel frequency response of a digital communications system. I have the functions of the input symbol (a triangle) and the output symbol - a distorted triangle: $$\dfrac{1}{1 + \left( \frac{2t}{T} \right)^2 }$$ I want to plot the frequency response of the channel as if it was a digital filter. How ...
Consider the following question that I toke from Signals and systems: Part I exercises, question 1: (b) With $x(t) = \cos(\omega_x(t + \tau_x) + \theta_x)$ and $y(t) = sin(\omega_y(t + \tau_y)+ \theta_y)$, determine for which of the following combinations $x(t)$ and $y(t)$ are identically equal for all $t$. Giv...
Can you give me an example for this MATLAB snippet to generate sine wav with specified phase? function synthesize_fp(file,f,d,p,gamma) % Matlab function synthesize_fp(file,f,d,p,gamma) % creates a .wav audio file of a sound where all frequencies, % amplitudes(power) and phase may be specified. % % file is a string wh...
Here is a radio chip for audio that sends at a CD-level data rate. Could you sample an analog signal (for instance from a guitar pick-up or microphone) in such a way that you could transmit using two radio chips (and receive using two radio chips), then recombine the signal on the receiver side into one that has doubl...
I'm working through exercises in a book called The Audio Programming Book and have been doing okay for nearly 300 pages, but have just got stuck. (I'm a musician, not programmer or audio specialist BTW, so sorry if this is a dumb question…) I understand what pulse-width modulation is, and I've managed to write some C c...
I'm trying to extract features from a sound file and classify the sound as belonging to a particular category (eg : dog bark, vehicle engine e.t.c). I'd like some clarity on the following things : 1) Is this doable at all? There are programs that can recognize speech, and differentiate between different types of dog ba...
Figure 1.(c) shows the Test image reconstructed from MAGNITUDE spectrum only. We can say that the intensity values of LOW frequency pixels are comparatively more than HIGH frequency pixels. Figure 1.(d) shows the Test image reconstructed from PHASE spectrum only. We can say that intensity values of HIGH frequency (edge...
Newbie to Signal processing, sorry if the question is basic. I have a data set consisting of 601 values. The values being time Vs voltage . The voltage values have transients in them. My aim is to filter out these transients using an FIR filter. But i'm still far from doing that. This is my voltage Vs Time plot. I plot...
I am trying to understand if there is an inherent advantage to using CIELAB for color-based segmentation. I segmented the cytoplasm from the image above, where the left image below is from RGB color clustering, and the right one is from CIELAB clustering, where a and b matrices were used. You can see that there are v...
I am trying to create something like a heat map for sounds originating in a classroom to study the discussions inside the classroom. For this I am instaling directional microphones in various parts of the classroom and inputing the amplitude of sounds captured by them. I need to take the inputs from the microphones and...
I have some trouble to understand what is going on with signal in frequency spectrum when it is time shifted in time spectrum. I am hoping that somebody will help me to understand that. Thanks you very much.
How do you find the phase and inverse Fourier transform of this frequency spectrum?
I have a question about signal processing. Experienced with embedded design and code, but DSP is in new territory. Thus far I am using the CMSIS DSP library functions, which are working well. I am sampling a low frequency signal. Using a timer interrupt, the sampling rate is 40x higher than the highest signal I expect ...
If the difference equation that defines the DT system is, $$z[n] = (1-x[n]) + (1-y[n]) $$ How can we determine in the system is LTI or not when: $x[n]$ is the input $y[n]$ is the input both are inputs Using the definitions is somewhat vague in this case, so I am lost how to explicitly explain that they are not linea...
Here's a sample image of my experiment which is to be processed for finding the information of all the blobs (centre, dimension etc.). Basically the image contains some noise, few bold lines, and of course few blobs. Full size image (12Mb) My aim is to program a FPGA using an image processing package "Sapera APF". Sap...
I want to calculate the loudness of a given sound over time (like, in a graph) from its spectrogram. Can I do this from the spectrogram or is it better to do from the raw sound?
I need to get position $x$ (integration) from velocity $v$. One could use 1st order Euler integration as $x_{t+1} = x_t + \Delta v_t$ However, doing so leads to errors proportional to sampling time delta. Do you know any more accurate solution please?