instruction stringlengths 31 27k |
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I want to know the performance of a deconvolution algorithm with different CN, so I'm convolving my signal with different convolution matrices(different CNs) and then applying the deconvolution algorithm, then the error between the original and reconstructed signals is measured.
Is there a proper way to create the conv... |
ECG signal is affected by interferences such as the Powerline Interference, Baseline Wandering and Muscle Noise.
There are many filters available which can reasonably cancel these types of noise.
I've found that Butterworth, Chebyshev, Wiener and Kaiser filters, along with wavelets could be used for this purpose.
Now, ... |
I'm currently working on a digital audio OFDM project and found that even if I explicitly specified the same sample rate (11025 Hz), the transmitter and receiver still differ slightly in it(lesser than 1 Hz). My professor asked me to use a 'multirate interpolating filter' to synchronize the two sample rates. Could you ... |
My understanding of jpg compression is that, if done repeatedly, any image will eventually be reduced to a single flat color, due to the way it deals with neighboring pixels. However, years ago I was told that mp3 does not have this problem, a 192kbps song will stay at the same audio quality with little file size varia... |
I created a data signal and calculated the spectrum via the fft-command in MATLAB. The data-signal itself is not periodic but it is created in a way that it can be treated as one period of a periodic signal. The last sample smoothly transitions to the first one. I observe that the absolute of the spectrum strongly depe... |
I'm creating a three-dimensional model of the earth based on SRTM height data. The data set is pretty huge, so only a small fraction of the data is available at any given time.
The height data is organized in 1° x 1° tiles which come in different resolutions (from 1x1 to 1200x1200, roughly in power-of-two steps). For v... |
I am interested in understanding the mathematical reason for why does applying a median filter on an image (or signal) result in reduction of noise.
|
I have a friend working in wireless communications research. He told me that we can transmit more than one symbol in a given slot using one frequency (of course we can decode them at the receiver).
The technique as he said uses a new modulation scheme. Therefore if one transmitting node transmits to one receiving node ... |
I have a friend working in wireless communications research. He told me that we can transmit more than one symbol in a given slot using one frequency (of course we can decode them at the receiver).
The technique as he said uses a new modulation scheme. Therefore if one transmitting node transmits to one receiving node ... |
Given $ M \in \mathbb{R}^{N \times N} $ which is a Positive Definite Matrix.
Let $ \hat{x} $ the MMSE of $ x $ given $ z $, namely $ \hat{x} = \mathbb{E} \left[ x \mid z \right] $.
Prove the equivenalce of the following expressions:
$ \arg \min_{\hat{x}} \mathbb{E} \left[ {\left( \hat{x} - x \right)}^{T} \left( \hat... |
I want to implement the following algorithm. Let $I$ denote noisy image and for each pixel of $I$ is represented by $I(x,y)$. A Sliding window of size $3\times3$ centered at $I(x, y)$ is defined. At first we estimate that the center pixel of window is noise or not. To differ the noise and signal, we calculate... |
I am finding the techniques to remove unwanted regions (small dots) from image. I have an image that includes object and some unwanted region (small dots- see first image). I want to remove it. Hence, I use some morphological operator example 'close' to remove. But it is not perfect. Do you have other way to remove mor... |
Let us suppose that we have modeled signal using AR model, and suppose we have following model:
I used spectral estimation function from MATLAB
pyulear
Now frequencies are given in normalized frequencies and I would like to know how to convert them back to real frequencies? From there it is clear that we have four de... |
I have a C# desktop application.
I am using a wrapper to OpenCV which is EMGU.
I am just performing a basic motion detection operation.
I am using component labelling and 2 frames differencing to determine motion changes. I am also using an averaging background approach to update the background which i use to 'subtrac... |
I am interested in spectral resolution of spectral estimation methods.
Can you point me to some good literature, videos or books from which i can read and study?
I want to understand how to resolve two closed spaced sinusoids:
$$
x_1(t) = \sin(\omega_1 t + \phi_1) \\
x_2(t) = \sin(\omega_2 t + \phi_2) \\
$$
where $\o... |
I am trying to implement an algorithm in real-time on a Fixed point DSP (The Blackfin from Analog Devices). The algorithm does a lot of stuff, but in the middle it performs an algorithm called "Fast Data Projection Method" (FDPM), which goes something like this:
Let $\mathbf{x}_{k} = [x_{1}, x_{2},\dotsb,x_{M}]^{T}$ be... |
i'm trying to filter a signal with a FFT. I window each block of signal (i use a 4096 points signal) and then remove some high frequencies by just multiplying the magnitude response.
the result is : the more i remove highs, the more i have glitches.
I know it's bad to EQ directly with the FFT but i just want to know wh... |
I currently run real time audio through an FFT and the library (vDSP) returns magnitude and phase values (polar coordinates) for data in the FFT bins.
Does the bin with the highest magnitude always represent the fundamental frequency?
What exactly can the phase of the frequency bins be used for in regards to audio? Wha... |
i am trying to implement a short time fourier transform of an audio signal to do some filtering (subtract another stft signal using spectral subtraction). I am using a hamming window function with 50% overlap. Additional the size of my FFT is twice the window size, zeros at the end of the signal in time domain.
mic i... |
I have an image with its type is 16 bit signed. I see some paper, the author often convert it to unsigned 8 bit. But they did not explain why they do it. Could you explain what is benefit of this work? And How to implement it by matlab code?
|
let us suppose that we some signal $x(t)$,which consist of sinusoidal components and white noise,i would like to know how to use chirp z transform for improving spectral resolution?i found this article about chirp z transform
http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2005/057084.pdf
also similar arti... |
I am planning to implement a pattern matching algorithm using something like correlation as a matching metric.
I know that the template I am going to use will, if present, have different sizes in the target images. The interval of sizes might be something like :
x 0.5 , x 0.75 , x 1.0 , x 1.25 , x 1.5 , x 2.0 of the or... |
Hello there I am a Student.
I need to know how to find the Natural and Total Response of the given system:
where: $x(t)=e^{-t}u(t)$ and $y(0^+)=2, \dfrac{d}{dt}y(0^+)=3$. (If the image above is not clear)
This is for my exam preparation, please kindly help or at least specify where
I can find the solution for this ... |
Coming from a photogrammetry background, I am quite familiar with camera calibration, and the common assumptions that are used for crowd-sourced images (i.e. center point in the middle of the image, pixel resolution from the EXIF data etc.).
But I have been wondering a maybe naive question lately: Can I calibrate a ma... |
It is well known that a moving average algorithm done in the time domain is equivalent to a filter with frequency response $\mathrm{sinc}(\omega\tau)$ where $\tau$ is the averaging time. (see this related answer)
This has the following beneficial property: you are streaming a time series of data ${x_n}$, and the averag... |
I'm going over the W3 PNG specification (creating a PNG library from scratch) and I've finally found how to create a green 1x1 image.
Now I'm trying to create a bigger image of mixed Red, Green and Blue pixels. Let's say a 4x4 image. Sadly I'm getting all the pixels mixed and some of them are Black or Pink.
Details:
S... |
What is the 2D version of Shift Theorem?
|
I have a C# desktop application. I am using EMGU as a wrapper for OpenCV.
I am receiving images in JPEG format that were originally taken by an analogue camera.
The quality of the image is poor (compared to digital cameras).
I want to see if I can use filters/methods derived from OpenCV/EMGU that could enhance the imag... |
I'm a CS who took an internship at an EE shop, and I'm trying to do some work developing in house and client applications for a chip designer, and I'm having some fundamental communication problems. Mainly I shore up any applications they need developed from their specs, including at the moment a tool that demonstrates... |
IS there a Matrix form of the STFT that could be applied to a signal directly, as in the case of DFT? We know the matrix structure of the DFT Matrix. Can we derive that somehow for a STFT Transform? The parameters that I wish to use are
N = signal length
R = frame length
overlap = 50%
DFT length = K
Attempt: I have t... |
I'm not sure if is the correct location for ask this question. If not please info me the correct StackExchange site.
As this wikipedia page show, there is one YUV format of image as YUV420 and YUV411.
I know what is YUV, but what those 420 and 411 means?
|
Suppose you have a system, H, that you want to estimate its transfer function.
You have a finite number of complex input samples, x, and noisy complex (magnitude and phase) output samples, y:
In practice, how do you estimate it's transfer function given a mean-squared error criteria?
What algorithms are used to estima... |
I am using Matlab Simulink to analyse Amplitude Modulation in Noise. I attached my system below.
My problems:
1)In the mixer I am using a bandpass filter and another one after the envelope detector and I need to determine the minimum and maximum frequencies allowed depending on these parameters( I attached screenshot... |
Is 999e3 in matlab = 0.999? Because I am not sure whether e mean exponential or you move the decimal point by 3decimal places
|
I have noticed that there is an identical pattern between two signals:
one is a signal of n identically spaced samples over a single period of a sinusoid
the other is a signal constructed of the real component of the second (i.e. first periodic) Fourier bin of n circular shifts of the signal, so pseudocode would be:
al... |
let us suppose that we have non stationary signal,whose value is given by
56.69
69.22
-2.19
21.80
9.85
-80.51
-56.28
-18.79
-14.32
12.26
74.71
67.37
24.43
-9.05
-47.30
-62.60
-47.64
-26.36
20.78
67.58
49.83
28.24
25.14
-43.10
-72.81
-17.82
-12.38
-34.82
58.96
69.83
-5.10
14.65
28.29
-64.48
-61.23
26.43
1.90
-47.52
51.... |
We are performing a convolution of audio signal, with 511th order FIR
filters, using fast convolution methods: overlap-add or overlap-save.
Filters are being designed in frequency domain several thousand times
per second. Filters need to be zeros padded to be used in order to be
used in fast convolution algorithms, so ... |
Let STFT[frame, freqbin] be the short-time Fourier transform of some audio data.
(here frame is the index in time, and freqbin is the index in frequency).
Very often, STFT[k, f0] will be close to STFT[k+1, f0]...
... then it could be interesting to store, for each frequency bin f0, only the differences :
STFT[0, f0],... |
I understand that this has something to do with difference between refresh rate of monitor (or line frequency used by the ballast in case of Fluoroscent lamp) and frame capture rate of video recorder.
When learning about DSP in the past, I vaguely remember that a certain difference in frame capture rates of video recor... |
I am trying to solve the following equation for h (an [MxM matrix]):
$$
k[\tau_1,\tau_2]=\sum_{i_1=0}^M \sum_{i_2=0}^M h[i_1,i_2]x[\tau_1-i_1]x[\tau_2-i_2]
$$
I have k, which is a 2D [MxM] symmetric matrix & I have x which is also a 2D [MxM] symmetric toeplitz (autocorrelation) matrix.
I know this is basically a 2D dec... |
what are the applications of Fourier transform in modulation ? What are modulation schemes that use Fourier transform? I guess, FSK & PSK are related to Fourier transform since it both have frequency and phase in their names respectively.
|
I need to study a wave file for every 100 Hz. However, I dont know how can I design filer for each 100 Hz. Let's say 0-100 Hz, 100-200 Hz, ... , ((fs/2)-100) _ (fs/2) Hz.
Is it any MATLAB code for it ?
How many samples are needed for bandwidth of 100 Hz ? I maen how should calculate it ?
Please guide me.
Thanks.
|
I'm making a project connected with identifying dynamic of sales. That's how the piece of my database looks like:
There are free columns:
Product - present the group of product
Week - time since launch the product (week), first 26 weeks
Sales_gain - how the sales of product change by weeks
In the database there is 3... |
I am currently doing a project on sound signal processing by using MATLAB. I have a problem regarding creating the command line so that I can get a graph containing frequency by its time. But this graph is the result of an audio input.
example:
x = audioread('samson.wav')
But I still can't get this kind of a result.... |
I have two force-time signals obtained from a couple of force plates, corresponding to input/output signals for some system. Plotting the two together one of the first things I noticed was a time delay. Initially I used cross correlation to gain some approximation for this feature however now I look a little closer I r... |
let us consider following matlab code
help aicbic
aicbic Akaike and Bayesian information criteria
Syntax:
[aic,bic] = aicbic(logL,numParam,numObs)
Description:
Given optimized log-likelihood function values logL obtained by fitting
a model to data, compute the Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC)
in... |
NOTE: This is a question that another user has been trying (unsuccessfully) to ask. Because the multiple questions asking, essentially, the same thing have either been deleted by me (because they were duplicates of each other) or by the user, I have tried to ask the question in such a way that will help the user and i... |
Basically the same as this question, but it was never really answered: Stereo sound separation into three sources
Imagine I have a really trivial signal:
Left: 100Hz tone + 200Hz tone + 500Hz tone
Right: 500Hz tone + 1kHz tone + 2kHz tone
I'd like to perform some operation where I can decompose Left and Right into L'... |
I am working on tracking an object in a video by using its color. what i did is that i have converted the color of a selected object into LAB color space since it is a uniform color space. and then in each frame of video i am searching for same color by finding color difference in LAB color space. Now main problem is a... |
You know that a sine corresponds to a pulse by J.Fourier transform. The lower is the frequency, the closer is the pulse to the origin. A constant signal is a sine (or cosine, that may be important) of frequency 0. It is a pulse in the origin. This is ok, since we know very well that a pulse transforms to the white spec... |
Is 1.0e-03 * 0.9734 equivalent to 0.9734 * 10^-3 = 0.0009734 ? Because I am not sure
|
I have an elementary function $p:\mathbb{R}^2\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ which (locally) represents an image. It's a polynomial, and its the result of the following 2D convolution:
$$p=f\star G\star \mathbf{1}_{A}$$
where $G(x,y)$ is a 2D Gaussian, and $\mathbf{1}_A$ 'box' function:
$$G(x,y)=e^{-\frac{(x^2+y^2)}{2\sigma^2}}... |
I have one image. I want to segment it by simple approach. Could you suggest to me the best method to segment it? I think one of them is gradient or FCM. But I am not sure. Please see my given image file here
and segmented image file below
|
Why do some tables say that Laplace (or Fourier?) inverse of exponential is a time-shifted delta pulse
\begin{align}
\delta (t) &\overset{\mathcal F}{\Longleftrightarrow} 1\\
\delta (t-t_0) &\overset{\mathcal F}{\Longleftrightarrow} e^{-j2\pi f t_0}\\
1 &\overset{\mathcal F}{\Longleftrightarrow} \delta (f)\\
e^{j2\pi ... |
In Radar signal processing, one has to separate clutter(unwanted signals) from moving target signals.
The picture given below is an example of Radar Signal Power Spectrum(taken from the book Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB by B.R. Mahafza).
Why target return is coming in between 0(DC) and $f_{r}$ where... |
(copy from Proper meaning (and origin) of PCM (pulse code modulation)? - Stack Overflow):
Apologies first, as StackOverflow is possibly not the right forum for this question; in that case please suggest a move in the comments. But it is motivated by usage in documentation like ALSA project - the C library reference: PC... |
I search to display a time-frequency signal with an original discrete temporal signal (sampling step = 0.001sec). I use Python and the library Scipy.signal. I use the function cwt(data, wavelet, widths) to do a continuous wavelet transform, with the complex morlet wavelet (or gabor wavelet).
First step: Obtain a scale-... |
I have been studying about boundary discontinuity in DFT and why it is not used as transform in image compression. What i understand is that DFT is N periodic and that causes a discontinuity at the boundary. This means that more number of terms are needed to represent the function and the rate of convergence is slow.
... |
I perform some tests where I run cepstrum pitch detection algorithm over polyphonic sound. Result shows that there is almost always occurrence of lowest frequency of tones played simultaneously.
I think this is because the lowest frequency has the longest period. But I do not know if it is true or why it is so.
Can you... |
I have a bunch of audio files that have both speech and music parts (think radio). For instance, a given file might consist of the following sections:
music --- speech --- music --- speech --- music --- speech --- music
My goal is to detect when the file changes between music and speech, and cut away the music parts l... |
Basically I want to perform an FFT to find the frequencies of the sound, then stretch the frequencies (for example a stretch by 2 means copy the value of the fourier coefficient X(n) to X(n/2) then use an inverse FFT. Will this work ?
|
Let's suppose I have a signal $F(t)$ that is periodic, with two periodicities $P1$ and $P2$, with $P1>P2$
Suppose that I know the values of the two periodicities. Using the Fast Fourier transform I can show the two values as peaks in a power spectrum.
Now, let's suppose the second periodicity $P2$ (the faster one), h... |
How are Radix-8 and Radix-2^3 FFT are related?
Are they same?
I got some more details in IEEE paper by
S.He and M. Torkelson, "Designing pipeline FFT processor for OFDM (de)modulation," in Proc. Int. Symp. Signals, Syst., 1998, pp. 257-262.
FFT Radix 2^3 has complexity of radix 8 but has a structure as that of radix-2.... |
What is the relation between the AM modulation index and the SNR? (I plotted this and it came as the shape of the exponential graph)
Also what is the relation between the channel noise power and the SNR?
I plotted this and I got the shape as this graph:
(ignore the labels of the axis)
|
Is there a name for a filter that is using a moving average on the frequency domain?
I am searching for such a filter to filter out long "pads" (synths) from music.
Do any of you know about such software?
|
I have a problem with Otsu's method. I would like to implement histogram to compute how many ones' and zeros'. For Otsu's method, I have a code from a book and it is running without problem. This is the picture
.
I've implemented a code to compute the histogram. This is the output of my code.
------------------
0... |
I am using openCV to find a particular object, and am trying to find a way to make it locate the object consistently. The object's location will be determined by taking 30 frames and trying to find the best guess based on where it is found in each of the 30 frames. Both the camera and object are (mostly) stationary (th... |
I am investigating autocorrelation of electrical noise as part of an undergraduate experiment (as detailed in http://physlab.lums.edu.pk/images/a/ab/Correlation.pdf). I sampled noise voltages using an 8-bit AtoD from a noise generator (whose description was not provided). I first sampled the noise directly, then I samp... |
I am developing a software for fundamental frequency tracking. For this purpose, I have designed a function which calculates autocorrelation over the signal and a second function which, based on autocorrelation result, finds the peak corresponding to the fundamental frequency.
However the code I have written is not ver... |
As a follow on Estimate the Transfer Function of an Unknown System which os estimating a transfer function of an unknown system using a Wiener filter,
How would you put a minimum MSE criteria on how well the estimated filter weights matched the actual transfer function of the system? [Suppose you needed the MSE to be ... |
Folks I've written a small utility that extracts some (and only some) header information from Tifs.
To test it fully I need some Big Endian Tifs, but I cant find any, and I can't find anything to generate them.
Does anyone know of a public repository for tifs with big endian encoding? Or of something that can generate ... |
I am very new to DSP so please excuse any brevity...
I have to design a 4x4 CMOS camera array and stitch the images together for further processing... I have tried doing that with opencv but the frame rate count drops drastically... So i want to do the Stitching part using some Image Processor Kit which can take multip... |
I am learning about FIR filters and I'm confused.
I am trying to find out different types of FIR filters.
Is direct form and n-tap FIR filter the same?
What does transposed FIR filter do?
|
Most of the resources I found online go the other way. If I have the transfer function
$$ H(z) = 1 - \cos(\theta) \, z^{-1} + z^{-2} $$
How do I get the difference equation from it, so that I can apply the transfer function to a set of data?
|
Consider the following scenario:
Say, one machine is sending out a beep signal every 10 seconds in a very noisy environment. I have two sensors which detects these beeps independently. Device A is near to machine compared to B, so B always have a two samples delay compared to A. Since it is noisy environment, devices s... |
Say I have 5 minutes of input and output audio. One method I know is to do FFT on windows from input and output. Then divide FFT output into bins and find average energy in various bands for all the windows. After this, take ratio of energy bands from output windows with corresponding energy bands from input windows. A... |
Suppose that I am receiving RF signals contaminated with noise through antenna.
This signal is digitally sampled.
How can I understand the type of noise(Gaussian,Uniform etc).
Any algorithm is there to test the type of noise.
|
I have the following problem:
Let $x$, $y$ be finite real valued sequences defined on $0, \ldots, N-1$ and let $g$ be a non negative integer.
Define:
$$z_n=\sum_{k=0}^n x_{n-k}y_k, \quad \text{also on $0, \ldots, N-1$.}$$
Note that the sum is from $0$ to $n$, not $N-1$. In addition, the DFT of $y$ is known in closed fo... |
I'm having some trouble implementing a Kalman filter in MATLAB. I have an Android phone connected sending data from accelerometer for 10 seconds. After i have the data I take out the x-axis vector. What I want after that is to get better readings using the Kalman filter.
The output I am looking for is both the accelera... |
I'm trying to get a handle on the importance of the error feedback term in noise shaping operation in typical audio dither algorithms.
I'm thinking in terms of four signals. The original signal, the output (quantised) signal, the dither signal, and the error signal (the difference between output and original).
A simpl... |
I am new to DSP, and currently trying to implement a simple polyphase decimation program in matlab.
M is decimation factor, x is input (for now it is a square wave 8096 samples), y_polyDec is result from polyphase, output is result from regular filter then decimation.
code :
FilterBank_LPF = fir1(127, 1/M);
y_polyDec =... |
I would like to compute how many zeros and ones (e.i. 255) in a binary image. The following code to generate a binary image by using Matlab.
I = imread('images.jpg');
level = graythresh(I);
BW = im2bw(I, level);
imshow(BW)
imwrite(BW, 'img.jpg');
This is my C++ code.
#include <opencv2\core\core.hpp>
#include <opencv... |
In Audio Experts book, it's given as
Sound pressure meters must be calibrated at factory to a standard acoustic volume.
So what doth this standard acoustic volume means?
|
Why is MSK (minimum shift keying or FSK with a modulation index of 0.5) said to be a spectrally efficient form of FSK?
|
I understand the process of using a Sobel kernel for edge detection in greyscale images. The input is a greyscale image, and the output is a greyscale image. I'm having trouble, however, figuring out how to apply the Sobel kernel to a color image.
Do I find the color gradient for each color channel (R, G, and B) then a... |
I wanted to simulate OFDM system in MATLAB. I'm using Fixed WiMAX OFDM parameters in my simulation, where the number of data sub-carriers are 192, number of Pilot sub-carriers are 8, number Null sub-carriers are 56.
Null tones can be obtained in MATLAB by generating zero matrix with the required rows and columns.
% Nu... |
let us consider represented of damping exponential model by prony method,there is source code
y=zeros(1,N);
for i=1:N
y(i)=x(800*i);
end
d=zeros(1,N/2);
for i=1:N/2
d(i)=y(i+N/2);
end
D=zeros(N/2,N/2);
for i=1:N/2
for j=N/2:-1:1
D(i,-j+N/2+1)=y(i+j-1);
end
end
a=pinv(D)*d';
muhat=roots([1,-a'])... |
What is the difference between soft thresholding and hard thresholding. Where we use soft and hard thresholding in image for denoising. I understand that in hard thresholding, the coefficients below threshold value are set to zero and the value above the threshold is set to one. Please explain me about soft threshold. ... |
I don't really know anything about signal processing. I need to find similairty between two 1-dimensional time series. I read somewhere that spectral coherence could be used to find similarity between two time series. But i am not able to get around how to use it. Can some one tell how i can use it to compute similarit... |
I have a large data set that was collected by a 5 GHz oscilloscope, so I basically have an array of voltages with each index being a very small time step apart. I am looking for a specific signal in this data set that would only be present for a very small time frame and so most of the data will not contain this signa... |
I can not understand the following sentences, could you please anyone guide me ?
"Comparing with the embedding in audio signals, the usable bandwidth is greatly reduced,
from 22.05 kHz to 4 kHz. According to Costa’s result, the corresponding capacity will be
reduced to l/5 th accordingly."
The costa formula is Cw,Cos... |
here is my scenario: one speaker is sending a chirp, and a microphone is recording it as well as all following echoes. The function of the chirp is already know.
My goal: subtract the original chirp from the recorded sound, and leave only the echoes.
I think this questions is hard for me in these ways:
To match the or... |
I wonder if the following acoustic system is i) considered to be linear time-invariant, and ii) if it is fully described by it's frequency response?
A speaker produces waves at the input location of a duct system with a branch and the output is measured after the branch point. The anechoic terminations completely absor... |
I have two questions regarding signal processing:
1) In my analysis I generate a signal in the time domain with a frequency of 0.1 Hz. I apply the FFT and then determine the peak frequency of the signal, which should be 0.1 Hz. But I notice that when I simulate my signal for 200s, the peak frequency is always close to ... |
I am working to make a music player with automatic genre classification application in Java.
On Google searches I mostly found the works of George Tzanetakis who describe an algorithm from Music Genre Automatic Classification. I have big problems with obtaining the beat histogram.
http://dspace.library.uvic.ca:8080/bit... |
Since my algorithm needs to detect long, coherent edges, the estimated local magnitude P for each pixel is normalized with respect to the magnitudes in it’s local neighborhood W (i.e., a 5x5 window).
$P_{normalized} = \dfrac{P - \mu _w}{\sigma_w}$
where $\mu _w$ and $\sigma_w$ denote the average and the standard deviat... |
I have below doubts, so confusing! As I don't want to assume from what I read, I am asking for help here!
Are Second Order Sections another name for biQuads ?
If I have 2 single pole transfer functions, then cascading them equals multiplying the polynomial; such as below?
$$H_1 =\frac{b_{10}+b_{11}Z^{-1}}{1-a_{10} Z^{... |
I read in a paper that a sound signal can be delayed by D degrees. How can such a thing be possible? Isn't sound signals expressed only in terms of the time axis?
Thanks in advance
|
I have a Output Curve of following characteristics
https://i.stack.imgur.com/1fTVl.jpg
Following is the data which represents the output curve cited above
0 1228.15406117455 1213.71796132282 1199.44623423626 1185.33715849069 1171.38902630825 1157.60014358826 1143.96882993237 1130.49341866405 1... |
I was expecting that when I take (for example, in MATLAB), s2 = fft(s1/norm(s1)), the norm of s2 is not equal one, norm(s2) $\neq$ 1.
I cannot figure out why this is! Can anyone shed light on this?
|
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