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I am getting confused about the received signal expression in case of SIMO wireless channel.
SIMO system=> Here we will have one antenna at Tx and multiple ($N$) antenna at Rx.
Therefore received signal will be $$\bar{y}(n) = \bar{h}s(n)+\bar{w}(n) \tag{1}$$
where bar indicates a vector, $s(n)$ is transmitted signal, $... |
Is there any way, we can use MATLAB for finding and displaying Laplace or Z transform Region of convergence?
|
I want to implement stft on FPGA. For this purpose I use HDL coder and the problem is I have no idea how to create overlapping frames of data for further FFT. In my example I want to use 256 frame length and 128 hop length. I think it is possible to solve this problem using some state machine and dual-port ram, but, un... |
Suppose you have an object you're interested in estimating the state of, ex position.
Suppose you don't have a state transition model but you do have an IMU.
Can the IMU be used to simulate a state transition model for the object? In particular if you have a robot with an IMU + lidar or radar or what ever but your pred... |
Why during demodulation, the demodulated signal might double its frequency?
A minimal example:
from scipy.signal import hilbert, periodogram
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fs = 20000
t = np.arange(0, 5, 1 / fs)
sig = np.cos(t * 2 * np.pi * 7)
carrier = np.cos(t * 2 * np.pi * 1000)
measured = sig * ... |
I have a signal over which binary data is transferred over wire in a repeating 10 bit format. The wires that the data is send over are CML, DC coupled 3.3V twisted pairs, and the protocol of encoding has DC balancing. A possible example would be that it send 1000110101 (actual data over wire) at 2MHz. The signal that t... |
A. BACKGROUND:
Apparently this question’s answer says this some static systems have memory especially those that hysteresis: Confusion about 'memoryless' meaning
So the word static to me comes from static equilibrium of a system. There are courses in mechanical / civil engineering that study the balance of forces and... |
I am solving a "special" elastic net like regularized least squares problem
$$ \arg \min_{\boldsymbol{x}} \frac{1}{2} {\left\| A \boldsymbol{x} - \boldsymbol{y} \right\|}_2 + \lambda_1 {\left\| \boldsymbol{x} \right\|}_{1} + \lambda_2 {\left\| \boldsymbol{x} \right\|}_{2} $$
where I'd like to use previous knowledge and... |
I want to create a feature space that includes MFCCs, MFCC deltas, and MFCC delta-deltas concatenated along the time axis which I will then feed into a CNN for speech emotion recognition.
After extracting the MFCCs from the mel-spectrogram, I scaled the coefficients using standard scaling. Then, I computed the deltas a... |
Let's say I am given a system block diagram of various components that either route/switch/amplify/filter and so on. Each of these components of the system perform these signal modifications or lack thereof. (for example, a Power Amplifier can also have an optional bypass path for the signal to take (and obviously the ... |
I was doing some research into dithering in audio, and I was always wondering what Audacity's "Shaped" dither was. Well, turns out it's noise shaping, with an FIR filter whose coefficients are:
2.033, -2.165, 1.959, -1.590, 0.6149
The frequency response can be found in Figure 6B of this paper.
But this filter is design... |
I have a sparse vector $x \in \mathbb{R}^{N \times 1}$, it's real and positive, the non-zeros values are maximum $N/2$ values. It means, I have at least $N/2$ zeros values in $x$.
My question, is it possible to build a measurement matrix $M$ with dimension $N/2 \times N$ as measurement matrix, where the dimension of th... |
I have recently started working on signal processing. For a small project, I have to shape cosine signals using a raised-cosine window with certain roll-off factors in Matlab.
To give you an example, I have the following code:
% Generate signals
Fs = 48000;
t = 0:1/Fs:1-1/Fs;
c = cos(2*pi*100*t);
h = hann(numel(c))';
w... |
$$
x(t) = |a \cos(\omega_0 t) + b \cos(\omega_1 t)|
$$
with $a, b \geq 0$, $\omega_0, \omega_1 > 0$, but $a, b > 0$ or all $a, b$ (negatives included) is also acceptable, or replacing $\cos$ with $\sin$.
Is there a known result for $\mathcal{F}\{x(t)\}$? Derivation not needed but is welcome. Of main interest is the DFT... |
Let be $\mu_k$ some univariate signals of time $t$.
I am performing burst detection to detect oscillations in any signal $\mu_k$. I tested the following methods :
Perform noise reduction on $\mu_k$ using a filter $F$ and compute the residuals $r_k = \mu_k - F\circ\mu_k$. Then perform burst detection on all $r_k$.
Per... |
$$
x(t) = |\cos(\omega_0 t) + \cos(\omega_1 t)|
$$
with $\omega_0, \omega_1 > 0$.
Is there a known result for $\mathcal{F}\{x(t)\}$? Derivation not needed but is welcome. Of main interest is the DFT, but I don't reckon we can find it without $\mathcal{F}$.
Let $x(t) = |y(t)|$. Simplifying notation, we know $y$ is
$$
2... |
It seems to be silly, but is it possible to deduce mathematically that a white noise is necessarily zero mean and uncorrelated?
I have seen some people defining a white process as a zero-mean and constant-variance process with uncorrelated samples. However, the corollary that I saw on books is that, if $x(n)$ is a disc... |
$$
\begin{align}
& \mathrm{sinc}(As + .5)\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} \delta (s - n/A)\ \star \\
& \mathrm{sinc}(Bs + .5)\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} \delta (s - n/B)
\end{align}
$$
How to compute?
Attempt so far
Convolution theorem. Take in parts
$$
\mathcal{F}\{\mathrm{sinc}(As + .5)\} =
\frac{\pi}{|A|} e^{j(.5/A) \omega} ... |
I was wondering if you can implement analog PLL circuits for phase synchronization in communication systems that transmit MQAM modulation signals?
I heard that you can't use analog PLL because QAM modulation doesn't have a carrier wave in the modulated signal, but QAM modulation does have to carrier waves in its modula... |
Quadratic phase coupling is defined as follows:
Consider the signal $$ x(t) = A_{1} \cos(\omega_{1}t+ \phi_{1}) +
> A_{2}\cos(\omega_{2}t + \phi_{2}) $$ which is passed through the
quadratic nonlinear system $$ h(t) = ax^{2}(t) $$ where $a$ is
non-zero constant. On the output of the system, the signal $x(t)$ will
in... |
I understand that sampling @ X times per second is X Hertz. What if the sampling rate is given in minutes? 5 minutes for example.
5*60=300
Is that 1/300 Hertz or 0.003333~ Hertz?
|
I have written and tested a G3RUH (1 + X^12 + X^17) descrambler. It seems to work quite well in an SDR project I'm working on. I'm currently working on a scrambler and I can't get it to work. Below is the test code I use. It has scrambling, descrambling, data-generating, and error testing functions. I was wondering if ... |
$$
\Pi(t/A) * \Pi(t/B)
$$
where
$$
\Pi(t) =
\begin{cases}
1,\ -1/2 \leq t \leq 1/2 \\
0,\ \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}
$$
How to compute? Derivation/steps optional but welcome.
Note: I'm aware of classic and simple solutions to this problem, but my context is this question, where $C, D$ can be any real non-zero, and t... |
We have
$$
\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}f(n) \sum_{m=-\infty}^{\infty}g(m) =
\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} \sum_{m=-\infty}^{\infty}g(m) f(n)
$$
and
$$
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(x) dx \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}g(y) dy =
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(x) g(y) dy dx
$$
but do we have below?
$$
\sum_{n=-\infty}^... |
I want compute data rate I can reach with my design of a nonlinear modulator. Matlab generates a modulated baseband signal (output of the modulator) and I can add a random signal as a noise to create a channel. The resultant signal is an input signal of a receiver (should be).
As I know, if I want compute BER, I need c... |
Suppose I'm interested in a process of the sort:
Original data -> Something happened to data -> Result data
More particularly, consider that we observe many results of "something happened to data":
Original data -> Case 1 of something happened to data -> Result observation type 1
Original data -> Case 2 of somethin... |
I have some stack of grayscale reconstructed images represented as a 3-dimensional matrix DPC with dimensions [Nz,Nx,Nt]. A single page/frame/image would be an NxMx1 slice of DPC. Each frame has some diffuse artifacts spread out over the image swamping out the signal of interest. If I were to animate the data where I a... |
I have a magnetometer, a LIS3MDL to be precise, and I am taking readings from it every second. As expected there is variation in the readings. For example, if I take five readings I get:
1164,
1190,
1270,
1186,
1260
Now maybe five samples is enough to average over, maybe it is not. How do I know this? Is there a way to... |
I've made a circular buffer of size 10,000 in which I'm getting real time input from the mic. Now I want to access first 1920 samples every time and do the post processing but I'm only able to access all the elements instead of getting the required number of elements each time. Is there a way to access a chunk of value... |
I have carried out an approach to clean my RF signal captured in order to perform classification on a set of devices.
However, a further extension to this study I aim to achieve is to evaluate the impact of a noise environment where these unintentional RF emissions are captured.
Is there a preferred approach to adding ... |
I have a system which is like a blackbox which has just one input which could be a sinusoidal wave which is a sum of a range of frequencies, now the problem is that I dont have the time-domain output values but the real and imaginary values of a Nyquist plot for the input and the output fft.
Would there be a way to rec... |
I am trying to observe frequency spectrum of an audio (mp3) file on MATLAB. The file'abc.mp3' is a 14 second music clip
My MATLAB code is below:
clear, clc, close all;
[y,fs] = audioread('abc.mp3');
N = length(y); % Length of vector y, number of samples
Y = fft(y,N); % Fourier transform of y
... |
I'm reading about modal models and related modelling.
For example, I'm reading this paper:
Modal Synthesis for Vibrating Objects
Kees van den Doel and Dinesh K. Pai
I am confused about the theory source for $y(t)$ at page 2:
The impulse response $y(t)$ of $M$ at location $k$ is given by
$$y(t)=\sum_{n=1}^N a_{nk} \e... |
I need to record a series of pulse waves for an experiment. The recording is done via Software Defined Radio (GNU Radio). The pulse waves are modulated in such a way that the amplitudes of each single pulse increase up to a certain point where it peaks. Afterwards, the amplitudes decrease. This behavior repeats.
I need... |
I have a question for the signal processing community.
When trying to calculate the autocorrelation of an array containing complex data, could the result be purely imaginary, and is there any significance to the imaginary part of the output.
|
I am trying to form the SNR expression for the system model but I am getting stucked due to presence of multiple antennas at receiver.
System model: It consists of one single antenna Transmitter, $L$ single antenna tags (sensors) and a receiver with $N$ antennas. The signal is transmitted by transmitter and received by... |
As many of us have noticed, last two months I am working on GMSK modulation and demodulation design. Before continuing my research, I want to be sure I chose the correct oversampling ratio ( how many zeros should I add inside my signal before convolution with the Gaussian filter?).
How to choose the correct oversamplin... |
I have a perfect modulated signal.
I have the same signal but with noise, this noise is from non linear amplification.
Is it possible, to extract the clean signal so it's just leaving the noise? The spectrum of the noise is important for me to characterise. What would be the method? Cross correlation?
|
I'm currently working on a phaser implementation with the intention of adding some parameters that generate unique effects, namely effects that involve the precise placement of the phaser notches (e.g., "squashing" the phaser notches so the more central notches' center frequencies are biased up or down, while the outer... |
I am attempting to implement the V-BLAST algorithm for MIMO streams as described by Wolniansky et al. in the following paper: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/738086 (I am not commenting on its useful-ness or how efficient it is, I am simply trying to implement it using the paper as written.)
The algorithm assumes ... |
we have a signal recording and there are always interventions, I think it is not a noise, since it is not continuous but occurs in intervals, with 25 Hz (please see below). It is not affected by the sampling rate, and the internal frequency is near 1000 Hz.
I used median filter, Butterworth filter, and moving averages... |
I have a quadrature detector, which provides I and Q baseband signals with 4 kHz bandwidth, set by detector's LPF. I digitiize them on two ADCs with sampling frequency 48 kHz, make Hilbert transformation in time domain by IIR filter, then add or subtract them to get lower or upper side band. That all works fine.
Now I ... |
Referring to Sampling, filters, windowing, FFT. From theory to help on this coding list with the figure, I now have some more questions.
How will taking every third of the 48 kHz vs. taking the mean of three relate to the first anti-aliasing filter F1?
I assume that in both cases I would need filter F2?
|
I don't understand this remark and it's the first I hear it. Isn't this directly at odds with "DFT assumes input is periodic"? The full statement,
the signals are nonzero for $t < 0$, while the FFT can deal only with causal signals
|
I know that PSD is the FT of the auto-correlation function. Does this mean that if we multiply a signal with a real-valued coefficient (to alter its amplitude), the PSD of this new signal would be the original PSD of the signal, multiplied by the coefficient squared?
|
I'm asked to compute the DTFT of the following signal but i'm quite stuck
$$
\begin{cases}
(-1)^{\frac{n}{2} + 1} & \text{ if } n \text{ is even} \\
0 & \text{ if } n \text{ is odd}
\end{cases}
$$
Here where I am, i'm starting by using the definition of the DTFT
$$
\begin{align}
X(e^{j\omega}) &= \sum_{n=-\infty}^{+\i... |
I'm attempting realtime classification of (one of 12) vowel phonemes, sung (steady-state-ish) into a microphone.
MOTIVATION:
Suppose my user sings a MIDI note using a steady-state vowel phoneme (no dipthong etc.) into the microphone.
Each of the 12 pitch-classes has an associated vowel.
So if they sing a 'C', it should... |
I have a relatively simple task, which is to implement a low pass filter for a sum of exponentially dampen complex sinusoids in random Gaussian noise.
To showcase my problem I have generated data which consist of 6 frequencies being 502,504,506,620,622 and 624. The goal is to separate {502,504,506} from {620,622,624}
T... |
I recently find myself an interesting problem to solve.
Basically I got 2 partially overlapped point clouds (in real world) that I want automate the registration process. My naive approach currently is to render the 2 point cloud from top down, colourised by intensity and convert to grey-scale images.
I will then use S... |
I am currently building a photographic setup which I intend to use to make reproductions of a large amount of transparencies(positive and negative film strips). As I will be using a fairly small (1") sensor and writing custom software for my rig, I intend to stitch together multiple images per frame. The way I intend t... |
Code: https://github.com/echometerain/sound-derivative/blob/master/sd.py
I wrote a program which would subtract the current audio frame by the former one. Why does this act like a high-pass filter?
|
I am working on IMU data, this data was collected using wrist watch under the protocol BLE the reading are non-interpretable for me:
"data":"eyJBWCI6MC42OTksIkFZIjowLjY2NiwiQVoiOjAuMjIyLCJHWCI6MTYuMjk2LCJHWSI6OS44ODcsIkdaIjotMTMuODU1fQ==","from":{"Name":"wristband-d5","Protocol":"BLE"},"datetime":"2021-10-31T12:37:21.1... |
I think my speaker's output is rather unlinear when I run a manual sweep from Online tone generator. I have two outputs to select from. Either the built-in speakers on my iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, Late 2015) or MicroPod by Podspeakers plus SUB C-8 D by DALI.
I guess, if it's possible to insert a "mic input to output ... |
Disclaimer: I have read a lot about signal processing, but I taught everything myself and therefore have some gaps in theory and practice.
I am currently working on a measurement software that is supposed to calibrate the loudspeakers to the listening position. For this, I use maximum sequences (MLS) as excitation sig... |
I am stuck on the following problem and would like your help:
Given an LTI system described by the difference equation: $$y(n)-\frac{y(n-1)}{10}=bx(n),$$
find $b$ such that $\left|H(e^{i\omega})\right|=1$ for $\omega=0$
So, I have started to compute $$H(z)=\frac{b}{1-\frac{1}{10z}}=\frac{10bz}{10z-1}$$
What am I doin... |
I read this in a book:
here ${\cal L}[x(t-a)u(t-a)]$ is the laplace transform of a time shifted function $x(t)$ shifted by $a$ seconds and we know that transfer functions have the formula $H(s)=Y(s)/X(s)$.
Also, $y(t)$ = Laplace inverse of $Y(s)$, so shouldn't
$y(t) = {\cal L}^{-1}[H(s)X(s)e^{-as}]$ instead of the giv... |
Im filtering some ecg data for mainly just powerline noise (50 Hz), but get some weird result between the R-peaks (main spike). I have just done some tried with some basic filtering like this:
import scipy.signal as ss
Fs = 201
HPC = 0.5
LPC = 40
Q = 30
b_lp, a_lp = ss.butter(5, HPC/(0.5*Fs), btype='low', analog=False,... |
I am doing the following problem for my DSP exam and I am doubting my answers while being stuck on the last part:
Given a causal LTI system and difference equations $y(n)=x(n)+20y(n-1)-100y(n-2),$ find the transfer function using a $\mathcal{Z}-$transform and the impulse response $h(n)$ using an inverse $\mathcal{Z}-$... |
I´m reading a paper on Miller codes and I´m having trouble calculating the minimum distance out of a state diagram.
The paper states in Fig. 3. that "it is easy to verify that dmin for these seven diagrams is 2,1,1,1,1,1, and 2, respectively."
The output bits each state produce are 00 for S1, 01 for S2, 10 for S3 and ... |
Problem
Given $X[k] = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} x[n]e^{-j2\pi kn/N}, k = 0, ..., N-1$
What are the units on the x-axis and y-axis? Note that for the x-axis there are two answers.
Attempted solution
My first thought is frequency is on the x-axis and amplitude is on the y-axis. However, it confuses me that there are two answers ... |
I have two discrete time signals $x_1[n] = 2\sin\left(\frac{2\pi 3.5n}{64}\right)$ and $x_2[n] = \cos\left(\frac{9n}{64}\right)$
I have to calculate the normalized angular frequencies.
What I have are:
normalized angular freq. of $x_1[n]$ is $\frac{2\pi 3.5n}{64}$ with sampling frequency being 64 and $f_0 = 3.5$ and t... |
I have the following problem: I am using the Convolution Theorem and have got an expression of $H(z)X(z)$ and now I need to take $\text{DTFT}^{-1}(H(z)X(z))$, namely I have to take the inverse DTFT of $\displaystyle\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{12e^{i\omega}}}\cdot\frac{1}{1-\frac{1} {10e^{i\omega}}}$ which is a horrendous inte... |
I was reading about the Allan-variance method and I have a question and I need some help to understand it. Since the Allan is about analyzing the frequency stability and it can characterize the IMU sensor (for sure the oscillators too), so it calculates the bias instability (the dynamic one), my question is if the Alla... |
I am working on a project where the input is a large high quality image (2560 x 1440 pixels), which is eventually scaled down a lot (256 x 256) and used as input to an ML model.
For reasons that I won't go into, I'd like to first scale the "Large" image down to something like 1024 x 768 ("Medium"), and then later scale... |
I have the following question in my mock exam!
My Answer:
I can apply the dirac delta to know the impulse response. Or use the transfer function $H(z) = \frac{Y(z)}{X(z)}$. I am not sure about the usage of transfer function since it is defined for discrete LTI systems.
Are my arguments correct?
|
I have the following question in my mock exam.
My graphing looks as following:
Could someone please correct?
|
Working on a signal envelope detection code in Matlab in which an RF signal envelope is to be created. The flow is such that filtering is performed according to the detected presence of a signal in a wide bandwidth channel (Filtering done to improve SNR) which is followed by hilbert transform and envelope creation.
My ... |
Assume that a scalogram is generated from performing wavelet packet in a fixed size window of data. Then, is it possible to update the scalogram with the incoming and outgoing data points without performing the wavelet packet all over again (from scratch)?
If it is possible, how to update the scalogram?
|
Is there any way(rule of thumb) to determine periodicity of a signal just by observation of mathematical expression as rule of thumb mentioned in attachment for determining time invariance of a system
|
How does zero padding effect phase of an FFT?
I thought that symmetric zero padding in the center of an image or signal produces no phase change in the FFT (See Here), but I am getting different results experimentally.
Consider I have a signal $x[n]$
$$
x = [ 1,1,1,1,1]
$$
then $X = fft(x)$
$$
X = [5 ,0,0,0,0]
$$
and t... |
This is table about "Image file formats supporting indexed color".
I don't see JPEG file format in this table.
Why doesn't JPEG file format follow indexed color technique?
|
When the first column only has a zero we replace is with an $\epsilon$ so we don't divide by zero ahead but divide by the $\epsilon$ then take the limit as it goes to zero.
meanwhile if an entire row has zeros we use the coefficients of the derivative of the auxiliary polynomial
What I can't seem to understand here i... |
This question is mostly related to jpeg compression and expected results when you read and save the same jpeg file several times.
Let's say you have read an uncompressed image (originally it has never been compressed). Then read and save it with a jpeg extension in OpenCV. As expected the jpeg file size becomes smaller... |
A recent publication, The fast Continuous Wavelet Transform (fCWT), enables real-time, wide-band, and high-quality, wavelet-based time–frequency analysis on non-stationary noisy signals.
I'm a beginner with wavelet and I'm working on real-time wavelet implementation. Is this fCWT a novelty in wavelet concept or just an... |
I'm currently trying to calculate the Fourier transform of a top-hat function in the context of Faraday Measurement Synthesis. This is pretty straightforward, however, I cannot understand why I cannot get the desired intensity in Faraday depth space ($\phi$ space, analog to signal space).
I'm defining a top-hat functio... |
I am trying to understand the OFDM system.
If i am using 16 QAM with 16 subcarriers that means one constellation point mapped to one subcarrier. What will happen to mapping of constellation point to subcarrier when number of subcarrier goes to 8 or 32? Size of QAM will same as 16-QAM.
|
So, I am fairly new to this, but when going through books on Radar pulses, I noticed that quite often, a formula describing the frequency of the waveform is given. For example, the frequency of a Linear Frequency Modulated waveform is given to be estimated using the following:
$$f(t)=\frac{1}{2\pi}\frac{d(\pi kt^2)}{dt... |
I have recently created a real-time STFT with 50% overlap.
I wanted to know if this window-based is possible for scalogram, especially continuous wavelet transform. I haven't found anyone implementing it real-time.
Also, if it is possible, does one need to compute the CWT of the whole window signal or simply a portion... |
This is the Huffman tree for word "stackexchange":
How is this Huffman tree converted into electric voltages?
|
I'm working on an exercise but I'm stuck at the question where the noise becomes colored, can someone help me ?
Let $\{\psi_1(t) = \mathbf{1}\{t \in [0,1)], \psi_2 = \mathbf{1}\{t \in [1,2]\}\}$ be an orthonormal basis. We are sending
$$
w_1(t) = \psi_1(t) + \psi_2(t), \quad w_2(t) = \psi_1(t) - \psi_2(t)\\
w_3(t) = -\... |
Hi apologies in advance if this (optics & image-process) is not where I should post this question. Thanks for the help!
I'm required to make a jig that measures the divergence angle of a collimated beam.
The setup is straightforward as shown below.
The single-mode fiber optic cable, collimator & NIR camera are the onl... |
I am reading about the sampling frequency offset (SFO) of OFDM system. According to my understanding and all sources I read, it can be defined in similar way to the carrier frequency effect (CFO). I mean the effect is added into the signal in time domain as following:
$x[n] = x[n] e^{2\pi j \frac{\Delta f_s}{f_s}n}$
... |
I am having trouble on the following exercise and I can't figure out where I am doing something wrong:
Given an LTI system described by the following difference equation: $$y(n)=x(n)+2x(n-2)+y(n-1)$$
find the frequency response $H(e^{i\omega})$ and then find the impulse response $h(n)$ using a DTFT.
My attempt:
The d... |
I have a dataset of images with bounding boxes.
I also have another dataset of images with different backgrounds.
I want to copy the images from one dataset (with their ground truth boxes) and paste them on the images of the other dataset with different backgrounds in order to increase my dataset size. Is this possibl... |
There is a measurement called waterfall effect in audio systems.
When you apply a sweep signal starting from 50Hz to 20KHz, it shows how long the resonance of the speaker goes. For example in the image above, SPL level of the signals at frequency domain after 150 ms has past are shown. The goal here is to minimize the... |
I am implementing A No-Reference Perceptual Blur Metric paper.
Somewhere in the prep steps they mention the use of vertical Sobel filter for finding vertical edges.
The algorithm is summarized in Fig. 1. First we apply an edge detector
(e.g. vertical Sobel filter) in order to find vertical edges in the
image. We then ... |
I'm self-studying Signals and Systems by Alan Oppenheim, and I have some trouble understanding the solution to a homework problem.
P5.13 tries to find the sufficient and necessary condition on the impulse response $h[n]$ such that for any input $x[n]$,
$$max\{|x[n]|\} \geq max\{|y[n]|\}$$
In the 2nd part of the proof, ... |
Implementation of a linear approximated GMSK block scheme based on Laurent decomposition.
My goal is the Implementation of the following block scheme:
I think $v_k$ is an NRZ element ( 1 or -1).
ovs = 4;
L = 3 % laurent decomposition
Tr = 3;% truncation length
N = 20;
a = randi([0,1],N,1);
vk = 2*a-1;
vk is a... |
What are the advantages of the higher-order Generalized Morse Wavelets in comparison with the first-order ones?
Are they also more computationally expensive?
|
Imagine we have two signals in the frequncy domain X(f) and H(f), for one of the signal H(f) I have the complex pair and the frequncy at which that complex pair exists. The second could be any random signal with a single frequency in MATLAB with its time domain signal represented in MATLAB as
x = A*sin(2*pi*fc*t + phi)... |
I am following the ssqueezepy simple example.
The plot should show f=12 but it shows around 33.
Is this a bug or have I scaled the y-axis wrong?
Also the plot is not a straight plot as it waves at the right end, close
to 500.
import numpy as np
from ssqueezepy.visuals import imshow
from ssqueezepy import cwt
def _t... |
There is a huge amount of research into automatic modulation classification (AMC) using machine learning.. Why is AMC a hard/difficult problem that we need to use machine learning or even deep learning to solve it?
There is a small number (a few dozens) of different modulations, so I would assume we could just try to d... |
I know from Parseval's Theorem that, given a signal $x(t)$, with $t$ a variable in the time domain,
$$
\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} |x(t)|^2 dt = \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}|X(f)|^2 df,
$$
where $|X(f)|$ is the Fourier transform of the signal $x(t)$ in the frequency domain.
Now, consider the following signal:
$$
s(t) = A \mat... |
for example
there are lots of videos that contain a single short scene that is about 20 seconds long
then loops the scene for about 6 hours
the video then has music
the purpose of the video is mostly the music
if a video contains one short scene and repeats N times for 6 hours, is there a video compression algorit... |
I am doing a machine learning project and I'm interested in the different pre-processing techniques which can be applied to audio data. In particular, I am interested in comparing a human auditory model (basically pre-process my data into features which mimic how humans perceive sound) and a non-human auditory model. I... |
I am trying to emulate the SFO effect for OFDM system, I did it using linear interpolation as shown HERE . That can be explained as if I have the time domain signal $s_n$ representing the output of ifft (let’s ignore the noise and the guard interval), so the SFO can be inserted using linear interpolation. Below is th... |
Given the following difference equation:
\begin{equation}
y(n)=2x(n-2)+3x(n-5)
\end{equation}
describing the structure of an FIR filter, design the direct form of one. What is the order of the filter?
The thing is that, do I count the zeroes inbetween in my direct form? Like this? $y(n)=0x(n)+0x(n-1)+2x(n-2)+0x(n-3)+... |
I want to design a low pass filter using the Filter Designer tool of Matlab. The filter order should be 10. I chose the Blackman window method and specified the order of the filter. However, "Current Filter Information" (top left) shows that the filter order is 9 and not 10, which is unexpected. I looked at the filter ... |
Short version: which notation is formally correct between $H(\omega)$ and $H(j\omega)$?
Disclaimer: I know that no one cares in the industry. I am asking out of curiosity and care for rigorous definitions.
Longer version:
I have a question regarding proper notation of the argument for transfer functions and frequency r... |
Edited:
I know there are some IIR filter implementation guides on the World Wide Web, however I can't find a simple guide on how to link simple PCM values to a digital filter. Most approaches are over-engineered and convert the files with the z-transform first.
In my first approach I followed this tutorial (PDF, Sorry ... |
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