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Question is about "channel capacity". I guess it is pretty elementary for experts, however I have not seen it discussed in e.g. Proakis book or Tse "Fundamentals of Wireless Com". Question (roughly speaking): is channel capacity is known for the fading channel with "pilots" ? (discrete, memoryless channel). "pilots" ...
i need to perform registration to 2D image using"rigid transformation" in matlab .i need this for measuring the similarity between my images .any one know how this can be done using matlab? an example on my images : regards
I have come across TI's C6000/Integra. I want to know is there any other similar or better ARM+DSPs available. Specially for surveillance/vehicle number plate recognition etc. Having camera input at least for VGA. Link: TI's-Integra
I am creating a piece of software that detects when speech starts in an audio recording. Before performing onset detection I would like to remove any noise that may cause any false positives. Which would be the best low-pass filter to use for this? EDIT 1 Maybe I went too far in saying that I am performing onset detect...
In the process of trying to estimate whether a ROI contains [Japanese] text, I need to get a rough count of edges, hopefully binned by length and/or orientation... I think this would give me strong-enough features to judge if the ROI is likely to contain text or not. However, I can't seem to figure out an efficient (th...
Looking for an open-source system that allows commercial use to do image recognition on a massive and organically growing collection of 2-D images where the only known variations will be: Scaling size of image, The angle the picture-of-the-picture is take, Color-sync offsets, meaning that due to irregularities in the ...
I'm working on a simple FFT implementation and currently running some unit tests. Long floating point numbers in C and assembly become very hard to keep track of, and this whole thing is error prone. I was able to some up (purely experimentally) with a few 4-tap and 8-tap arrays whose DFT is all whole numbers. I'm only...
i have database for 50 person ,it is 250 images (5 images/person) , i need to perform one to many matching between images for recognition persons. so , i divided the image as 2 parts (one for training and one for testing) for example if we say that the first folder contains 100 images(2 images /person),and the second c...
I have a real data of 144 points, when I perform a 144-point DFT on this data, I get $X$ with real and complex values. I want to calculate harmonics using these $X$'s. The $X[0]$ and $X[72]$, added together and divided by 144, would give me the DC component? And can I just use the next 71 $X$'s and their conjugates ...
The problem I am working on an interesting challenge -- to encode a 32 bit ID blip in an audio stream, and subsequently retrieve it. Something like this: http://gizmodo.com/5883215/why-lady-gaga-deploys-a-sound-only-your-smartphone-can-hear EDIT Thanks for comments pointing out I need to specify the task in more detai...
I am trying to implement a content based image retrieval system but before I do so I would like to get an overview of some programming languages suitable for this task (having good libs and such). Does anyone know some good languages and libs for that kind of task? What about Python or Java? Best
I will explain taking as example the GUI of the Calculator app in windows. Given this Calculator application open and focused, I need to find a way of detecting all the buttons.I can only use non-intrusive methods, so things like button id are out of the question. This leads me to image recognition. Or better say imag...
Given a set of points (2D) i.e., point cloud (PC), the question is about a robust, accurate and computing-friendly method to find circles (or ellipses in advanced version). The intuitive idea is to use Brute-Force Search on all possible points (as center){infinite!} and radii (again infinite!). This is ultra-extremel...
I'm a junior currently pursuing a mathematics degree with aspirations toward medical school. I have a senior project I have my entire last year to devote time to, and I've decided that I want to tackle the challenge of medical signal processing. I'd like to write a program that reconstructs a 3d-model of the object fro...
I don't know if I am posting in the correct place. I wanted to ask about dilation and erosion in bitmaps. I have as a homework to implement in a programming language these morphological operations but I fail in understanding how they work. I know that erosion will shrink an object and dilation will enlarge it. For exam...
I would like to measure the quality of a color image, possibly as a difference to another image, but if possible, on its own too. This question comes from the fact that we have a vision application, and improve lighting conditions, calbirations, and similar surrounding conditions. We want to measure the improvement of ...
I am trying to research and figure out how best to attack this problem. It straddles music processing, image processing, and signal processing, and so there are a myriad number of ways to look at it. I wanted to inquire as to the best ways to approach it since what might seem complex in the pure sig-proc domain might b...
Say I use only one calibrated camera. From this camera, I get images A and B. I know the homography between A and B, computed through OpenCV's findHomography(). I know the pose (rotation matrix R and translation vector t) of image A, and I need the pose of image B. Once I get it, I suppose I'll be able to compute every...
As part of a homework assignment, I had to take the Fourier transform of the kernel I was using to convolve a signal. The kernel was a constant rectangular function, that was 1 within the square $(-1, -1)$, $(1, 1)$ and 0 everywhere else. I was wondering what this result really means. What have I gotten once I take t...
I've written a program to compute the power spectral density of a signal. The problem I'm having is that the computed spectrum is quite a bit more noisy than it should be (comparing to the spectrum computed by Matlab), especially at low frequencies. https://i.stack.imgur.com/U6S07.png The red in this plot shows the spe...
I didn't find a suitable tag for this, but figured it would fit under "Frequency spectrum". Which of the Spread-spectrum systems listed here are most resistant to multipath fading? Please, briefly tell me why? The Wikipedia article above lists these (or a combination of at least 2?): FHSS: Frequency-hopping spread spec...
This is my snoring detector again. I've gotten pretty good at detecting a signal when there's anything there -- can track from a wall-peeling snore down to breathing you can't even hear in the recording. The problem is, I can't tell when the signal has dropped below detectable level and the app is just "hearing things...
I have this jpeg image (abc.jpg) and I change some pixel values of this image and store this on hard disk, to later see the changed the pixel values. The name of the output jpeg image is say, xyz.jpg. The problem here is in the image xyz.jpg. The changed pixels does not give me the exact values which I changed them to....
I'm now processing MP3 file and encounter this problem. My MP3 is stereo encoded. What I want to do is extract vocal part for further processing(whatever mode of output signals, mono or stereo are both OK). As far as I know, audio is encoded into different dis-joint sub frequency bands in MP3. I think I can limit the s...
I understand I can get a color from wavelength but it's not true for the opposite direction. In case this picture would help. To make this question simple, let's lighting and calibration aside to an optimized condition. I wonder if there is any way to get intensity value of a certain spectral wavelength for given pix...
I am attempting to implement the Gabor Descriptor based on the following paper Image Copy Detection Using a Robust Gabor Texture Descriptor. It is the best paper that I have found on the subject. It is not perfect, as it has some ordering issues with some equations and paragraphs that only make sense after later sectio...
I have two EEG signals that are very similar. The difference is only in amplitudes. However, they are coming from two different cognitive processes. What are some methods, beside FFT, for distinguishing between two very similar signals in terms of statistical information? Please let me know. Thank you BSS.
I have come across the following function and I'm trying to figure out what it really is. I have this function: $f[x, y] = \delta [x + 2A, y - A] - \delta [x - A, y + A]$. The $\delta$ is representative of the dirac delta function. This function is used as input to some finite impulse response filter. What does th...
For developing an application I have to identify a region of sound. But I’m not sure if I have my basic knowledge right. I’m using AMR-NB sound clips to identify a sound region. According to my understanding AMR files have 160 samples for each 20ms (milliseconds) making it 800 sample for 1 minute. I am basing my comple...
In a first course in Information Theory, when the operational interpretation of channel capacity is introduced, it is said to be the highest data rate (in bits/channel-use) of reliable communication. While reading a few papers, I came across channel capacity being expressed in units of bits/s/Hz. So I was thinking abou...
Below is a signal which represents a recording of someone talking. I would like to create a series of smaller audio signals based on this. The idea being to detect when 'important' sound starts and ends and use those for markers to make new snippet of audio. In other words, I would like to use the silence as indicators...
I am currently creating different signals using Matlab, mixing them by multiplying them by a mixing matrix A, and then trying to get back the original signals using FastICA. So far, the recovered signals are really bad when compared to the original ones, which was not what I expected. I'm trying to see whether I'm doin...
For college we have to make simple exercise in simulink (matlab). (since my professor is not familiar with simulink, he can't help). The question itself is, how can I simulate the SNR when uniform quantization is used. To illustrate this: Because of this quantization there is noise. I need to display this noise. How d...
I started off with this: $$ x = 5 \cos(200 \times 2 \pi t ) + 10 \cos( 400 \times 2 \pi t)$$ by performing a 1024 point DFT on it. Then I performed IDFT on the complex values obtained through DFT. Now, I want to express the original wave in terms of it's harmonics, so when I combine the DC and first harmonic or upto n ...
We are given a set of grayscale image patches obtained from images after edge detection. Each patch is 10x10 pixels with intensity varying between 0 and 255 for each pixel. This set may contain a very few (maybe one or two) or a large number of patches. We want to represent the set by a single 10x10 pixel patch or “fea...
I am trying to understand the formalism of the projective transform of 2D image. it has 9 parameters (a-i) which the 9th is redundant since we use houmogenous coordinates. this transformation preserves only straight lines. $\pmatrix{x'\\ y' \\ w'}$ = $\pmatrix{ a& b& c\\\ d& e& f \\\ g& h& i}$ $\pmatrix{x\\ y \\ w}$ ...
Does the inverse continuous time Fourier transform exist for a Dirac delta (A single causal/non-causal spike)?
What are the most common and best topological skeleton matching techniques? Suppose I have skeletonized object and corresponding 2D model of this object. What are the next steps to match pattern? What are skeleton descriptors? If someone could give code examples, reference to some open source projects using skeletoniz...
I am creating a channelizer that consists of a complex mixer, CIC decimator, and a FIR compensation/decimation filter. The final FIR filter may, if it matters, be implemented as more than one filter. My question is, how do I design a filter such that it compensates for the very non-flat frequency response of the CIC f...
Can you please suggest some books to get how guitar effects: distortion, overdrive, phaser and so on are achieved ?
I'm currently plotting high sample rate data by down-sampling by a factor and averaging. Most of the time this is working ok, but I am aware that at very low zoom levels (zoomed right out) the averaging is hiding vast amounts of data. I have a timestamp for every data point, so are there any algorithms out there which ...
As part of a class in Signal Processing, I am building a 3rd order Chebychev band reject filter. We implement this by using three cascading Bainter circuits. Although not part of the class, I have a question about the gain of the Bainter circuit. I am trying to write a script which will automate the component selection...
I have pairs of 1d digitised waveform signals which are almost identical - except there are sections which are the same in both but one is delayed slightly. I need to find sections and the delay with the corresponding section in the other channel. I can set a maximum delay BUT I need to measure a delay to less than the...
I am trying to "match" little square patches in an image. At first glance, it seems reasonable to simply do a Euclidean distance style comparison of two of these arrays to get a "similarity" measure. This works fine in many cases (the "best" patch (lowest value) according to this metric looks very much like the query p...
So I have this system: $$ y(n) = \frac{1}{N+1}\sum_{k=-N}^{N}\left(1-\frac{|k|}{N+1}\right)x(n-k) $$ Now for the impulse response I'm getting: \begin{cases}\frac{1}{N+1}\left(1-\frac{|k|}{N+1}\right) &\text{for}\quad|n|\leq N\\ 0& \text{otherwise} \end{cases} But now I'm supposed to find the frequency response and su...
First off, I hope this is the correct Stack Exchange board. My apologies if it is not. I am working on something that requires me to calibrate the camera. I have successfully implemented the code to do this in OpenCV (C++). I am using the inbuilt chessboard functions and a chessboard I have printed off. There are many ...
I am new to DSP. Are there good open source ANSI C implementations of DSP algorithms? MATLAB is great at prototyping but once we move to coding in C, it takes time and we end up making too many mistakes. I would guess there must be good repositories of C codes for various implementation of filters, etc. Any pointers wo...
I studied a bit about adaptive filter on internet and found that its a special filter which keep on updating its filter value as soon as it proceeds. It finds out the difference between input and output and using the error function and previous coefficients finds out the new filter coefficients. But this doesn't make a...
Let us say I have a row vector $X = [x_1, x_2, x_3, \ldots, x_n]$ and another row vector $Y = [y_1, y_2, y_3, \ldots, y_n]$. I want to check whether the two vectors are statistically independent or not. Now two vectors are said to be statistically independent if $E(X Y) = E(X) E(Y)$, where $E$ is the expectation opera...
This is a question regarding color transformation in images. I have this color transformation matrix I am using to convert an RGB image to a color space whose name I do not know: T = [(1/3) (1/3) (1/3); (1/2) 0 (-1/2); (-1/2) 1 (-1/2)] What is the name of this color transform? I think I once saw somewhere that it is c...
This question is in the context of time-delay estimation. Say I have a stationary Gaussian stochastic process $g$, and I know its autocorrelation function $R_g(\tau)$. To do time-delay estimation, I'm computing a windowed cross correlation between $g$ and a delayed version of it. In other words, $$ g_1 = g(x-D) \\ \p...
Original image: (Images included are .png images, so no additional distortion was added in save/upload for viewing) I have used the D4 transform from page 20 of "Ripples in mathematics", which is basically these 5 steps: Forward d4: c1 = √3 / 4.0 ; c2 = (√3 - 2) / 4.0 ; s[ IEVEN ] += √3 * s[ IODD ] ; s[ IODD ] -= c1*s...
I'm using the specgram() function in matplotlib to generate spectrograms of speech wave files in Python, but the output is always of vastly inferior quality to what my normal transcription software, Praat, can generate. For example, the following call: specgram( fromstring(spf.readframes(-1), 'Int16'), Fs=frame...
I am wondering if a methodology(ies) exist for essentially 'filtering' out a tone or interference, WITHOUT resorting to classical linear filtering techniques. (band pass filter, etc for example). The reason for this question is because inherent in any classical linear filtering operation, I am at the end of the day li...
I'm doing research on the Gabor filter. When I Googled it, I found very long and complicated articles. Can anyone help me to find a simple explanation about it, or recommend a website or article to read? I want to understand this filter in order to use it in Matlab.
I've designed a very simple low-pass Butterworth filter using Matlab. The following code snippet demonstrates what I've done. fs = 2.1e6; flow = 44 * 1000; fNorm = flow / (fs / 2); [b,a] = butter(10, fNorm, 'low'); In [b,a] are stored the filter coefficients. I would like to obtain [b,a] as integers so that I can us...
In standard of 3GPP LTE physical layer(3GPP TS 36.211), the FFT size for baseband signal generation for both Dl and UL is 2048 and CP size is also determined. However there is a table in several resources said we have different FFT and CP size. E.g. http://lteuniversity.com/ask_the_expert/f/59/t/405.aspx How is it poss...
For a video stabilization project, a USB webcam (25 fps) and USB acceleration sensors are being used. the sensors gives a speed of approximately 50 samples/second. the derivative of the acceleration aka. 'Jerk' is done in order to localize the start and the end of the shake in the video. the purpose is to compensate th...
I have an input as a 3D binary image and the preferred output below: Input: Preferred Output: What image processing methods should I look for if I am to have only the spiky object(s) remain, just like the preferred output above?
I have a sum of periodic signals that I am trying to untangle using time-frequency analysis. I seem to get wildly different results depending on the window length and shape. This is a problem because I want to develop an automated, and hopefully sequential algorithm to do the job.
I am trying to use a MCS (Multi classifier system) to do some better work on limited data i.e become more accurate. I am using K-means clustering at the moment but may choose to go with FCM (Fuzzy c-means) with that the data is clustered into groups (clusters) the data could represent anything, colours for example. I f...
I am trying to reconstruct an image from gradients in an arbitrary shaped region of an image. I understand how to implement a discrete 2D poisson solution with Dirchlet boundary conditions. Using http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_Poisson_equation#On_a_two-dimensional_rectangular_grid , you just replace any of the ...
i hope this is the right place to ask. otherways sorry for my mistake and pleace advice me a better site. i'm trying to implement a super simple skin detector using some range of hsb image. i'm using approach described here and here. i'm try to use a video source from my webcam. if i use sun illumination it works quite...
I designed an IIR filter and want to do zero, step and projection initialization. There is mention in different reference papers but no explicit examples for Matlab. How do you do IIR initialization, for the previously mentioned types, in Matlab?
I'm attempting to create a real-time scalogram (from a 1 dimensional signal) in the style of a spectrogram; Looking through various papers+books; the Gabor wavelet, or complex Morlet seems to be favoured for keeping a close relation to frequency. Though I was hoping to use a real valued wavelet though due to computatio...
I'm looking for a way to estimate instantenous frequency with low time-variation. The following MATLAB function (save as test_fest.m) does this using the Hilbert transform on a single 10 Hz sine tone. Sample rate f_s is 1000 Hz. function test_fest() %TEST_FEST() Test Frequency Estimation using Various Techniques. fS ...
I was just learning about the frequency domain in images. I can understand the frequency spectrum in case of waves. It denotes what frequencies are present in a wave. If we draw the frequency spectrum of $\cos(2\pi f t)$, we get an impulse signal at $-f$ and $+f$. And we can use corresponding filters to extract partic...
Conceptually when we want to represent a peroidic series, for example a pulse train, we find the Fourier coefficients and get a representation in the time domain. However what is conceptually wrong with using say an infinite sum of time shifted rect functions to represent it? Sorry I had a formatting problem, so i a...
Possible Duplicate: Free alternatives to SIFT/SURF for commercial use There are same very good algorithms for interest point detection/description, like: SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) SURF (Speeded-Up Robust Features) MOPs (Multi-Scale Oriented Patches) Regrettably, at least the first two are patented a...
I am trying an offline LPC analysis and synthesis using the rt_lpc (real-time LPC) implementation as given here. There are some functions within the program that can be used for an offline LPC analysis and synthesis program. The rt_lpc code is mostly meant for composers etc., which means that it uses a MIDI or glottal ...
This question is about SNR in the context of EEG. (a related question about SNR) I am interested in calculating The SNR of an ERP. My motivation is: To calculate the "signal-to-noise ratio" and from this to extract the information (how?) on how many trials are needed to construct a stable ERP. my Main question is: how...
I wish the compute the frequency distribution of a set of images. I basically am keen on finding out how the the frequency varies in the images. I know I can use the 'fft2' function to compute the 2-dimensional Fourier Transform. I can do this for each image. But I am not sure how to obtain the isotropic frequency dist...
Given a screenshot of an application, is there any way of finding GUI elements of that application using only opencv? (something like in the image) I tried to play with blending the image and other effects from the coherence.py sample in the opencv installation folder. Did not succeed to get a viable result. Has anyo...
I need to segment liver from an abdominal CT image using Adaptive Thresholding. But I get the entire foreground separated from the background alone. I need only the liver part of the foreground separated. Check out the pdf file in http://www.ijcaonline.org/casct/number1/SPE34T.pdf I need an output similar to that show...
I am filtering an audio signal into various sub-bands in C and would like to decimate the signal by 2 in the lower frequency bands to reduce processing overhead. I get that this involves low-pass filtering the signal and then throwing away every other sample, but how do I go about designing the low-pass filter optimall...
This YouTube video shows a very interesting effect. What is the underlying science? I have recently started studying Fourier theory and DSP, and and trying to understand what is going on in terms of the material I've been learning. I would like to understand this from as many angles as possible. For example, at 0:39 t...
I am working with MRI images of the brain that have certain areas marked by hand like and . I am trying to come up with an interpolating function that will let me describe such curves so that I can use machine learning techniques to automatically generate such markings on unmarked images like and . I've considered us...
I want to calculate the phase difference between the two channels(signals) of a stereo audio file.(uncompressed data i.e. PCM samples). I want to determine whether whether two signals are in phase or not i.e. kind of digital phase meter ? Not the exact phase difference. Can you please suggest a algorithm to calculate t...
I have a signal that is measured at 100Hz and I need to apply the Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter on this signal. However, on closer inspection my signal is not measured at perfectly constant rate, the delta between measurements ranges between 9.7 and 10.3 ms. Is there a way to use the Savitzky-Golay filter on not equa...
Given a template, and a signal, the question arises as to how similar the signal is to the template. Traditionally a simple correlation approach is used, whereby the template and a signal are cross-correlated, and then the entire result normalized by the product of both their norms. This gives a cross-correlation func...
Possible Duplicate: Calculate Phase angle between two signals i.e. digital Phase meter I want to calculate the phase difference between the two channels(signals) of a stereo audio file.(uncompressed data i.e. PCM samples). I want to determine whether whether two signals are in phase or not i.e. kind of phase meter ?...
I'm trying to find the output where $h[n]$ is the impulse response of a real stable causal LTI system, and $s_0 \epsilon \mathbb{R}$, and where the input is $x[n] = e^{2\pi i n s_0}$ for $n \epsilon \mathbb{N}$. Supposedly my answer should be a compact formula with no infinite sums... So since since my system is causa...
I am reading this article, and I am getting a little confused by the author's liberal use of 'frequency resolution' regarding the Goertzel Algorithm. Basic question: Does using the Goertzel algorithm actually give you more frequency resolution over a specific band of interest, or does it simply efficiently compute the ...
i've started experimenting with c++ and opencv because of i want to learn image processing. Now, my first exercise is to create a skin detector with calcHist and calcBackProject. But i don't understand few things: the statistic interpretation of back project, and why it is named "back project" i have quite good compre...
When processing wav files, I encounter this problem: the what I extract PCM from a 8-bit encoded .wav file, I got a sequence of integers. However, when verifying my implementation with wavread in Matlab, the PCM code is represented with so-called double-precision normalized samples. My question is what's the difference...
The title asks it all. I have before me a data entry task that I'm not too enthusiastic about: 50-100 pages of handwritten sign out/sign in logs. The format of the logs may help. Pages are partitioned into clearly delineated rows and columns (13r x 6c with an extra typed header row). Further helping me out is that thr...
I am trying to teach myself about the WHT but there dont seem to be many good explanations of it online anywhere. I think I have figured out how to calculate the WHT, but I am really trying to understand why it is considered useful within the image recognition domain. What is so special about it, and what properties d...
A problem I had originally discussed in What methodology to use for discrimination of different (musical?) tones has evolved, and might have gotten a little simpler as I studied it in some more and attained new information. Bottom line, I would like to be able to detect this pattern shown here, using computer-vision/im...
I´d like to use some OCR algorithm (Image to Text) into an Android app (Java). I have previously used several algorithms but for a PC (Matlab) app. Which library or algorithm should I use? Computational cost and response time are important issues.
I have this algorithm for Correlation Based Pyramids of images: • Create two Gaussian pyramids from the two input images • Compute optical flow using “5×5” regions on smallest pyramid level. • Smooth optical flow, and use as initial guess for higher resolution. • Continue with next level. Search close to guess from hig...
My current problem: I have an input 3D binary image (a 3D matrix that has only 0 and 1) that consists of random numbers of sphere with radius r. We do not know how many spheres are there in the image. All spheres have the same radius r, but we do not know radius r. Spheres are all over the place in the image and can...
Broadly a majority of the literature on edge detection algorithms and applications that uses edge detection, references Canny's edge detector. So much so that it looks like almost "the solution" to edge detection. Certainly, it would do the best job balancing noise and preserving edges. However, as a simple curiosity,...
I'm now processing PCM codes extracted from .wav file and want render the spectrum myself. First I try to read a spectrum on my foobar2000 player as below. My problem with this spectrum is: what do x-axis and y-axis represent? IIRC, the x-axis represents different frequency(or angular speed) and the scale should be wh...
I have done a lot of research and found out methods like adaptive thresholding , watershed etc that can be used of detecting veins in leaves . However thresholding isn't good as it introduces a lot of noise All my images are gray image please could anyone suggest what approaches to adopt while considering this problem...
As related to the project I am currently involved in, I have come to realize that one thing that might help is for me to 'segment' my image. To that end, I have shown a very simple example below. How do segmentation methods work in general, and what class of them would help getting me from the first image: ...to the...
I have a camera (iPhone), I have a 3D control object in the image that I know its properties very well. (My control object). There is also a secondary object in motion. The ultimate goal is to establish the 3D trajectory of the moving object for a given period of time. (Tracking) I like to ask, could I find out? Phon...
I'm struggling to figure out how the time points of an STFT are calculated, and I can't find a definitive answer. Let's say I have a 4Hz stationary signal and I'm going to use a 64 second window with 3 second overlap. So that's a 256 point window and a 12 point overlap. Assuming I start at time=0, take the first 64 s...
How can I apply a window function like Hamming or Lanczos to a signal, using its coefficients? I mean, which method can I use to do this? FFT? Convolution? Which method has the better performance?
Last couple of questions touched upon Canny edge detector What are the limitations of a Canny edge detector? and Best way of segmenting veins in leaves? The basic outline of the algorithm is as follows: a. Apply Gaussian Convolution. (Choice of $\sigma$ to be made here) b. Apply 2D derivative c. Tracking through the...
I'm currently on a project of liver tumor segmentation. I segmented the liver using region growing, and I have to assess how accurate the result is. I recently learnt that there are certain metrics for assessing the accuracy of the region growing algorithm segmentation, like Tanimoto Coefficient, Correlation, etc. But...