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[S43(1)(a) of the Companies Act 2006][1] states that:
> (1)Under the law of England and Wales or Northern Ireland a contract may be made—
>
> (a)by a company, by writing under its common seal
[1]: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/46/section/43
What is meant here by "writing under its ... |
What is meant in S43(1)(a) Companies Act 2006 by "writing under" a company's common seal? |
A contract indicates that it is signed "`For and on Behalf of [ACME Limited]`."
The notion of being signed "on behalf of" seems to be invoking the notion of [S43(1)(b), Companies Act 2006][1]. However, what possible legal provisions or legal doctrines might the word(s) "For and" be trying to invoke, and what other p... |
What could be meant by a document purporting to be signed "For" a company? |
Alice and Bob, both unmarried adults, engage in consensual intercourse. Alice lies to Bob about her use of contraception or sabotages Bob's use of contraception, and as a result, Alice becomes pregnant.
Alternately, Bob and Alice, both unmarried adults, engage in consensual intercourse. Bob lies to Alice about h... |
Alice and Bob, both unmarried adults, engage in consensual intercourse. Alice lies to Bob about her use of contraception or sabotages Bob's use of contraception, and as a result, Alice becomes pregnant.
Alternatively, Bob and Alice, both unmarried adults, engage in consensual intercourse. Bob lies to Alice about h... |
What is meant in S43(1)(a) Companies Act 2006 by "writing under a company's common seal"? |
I have experienced several times now that sites require payment if you do not accept non-essential cookies. My reading of the relevant legislation (from the EU - I have not browsed the Californian legilation) indicates that I, as a consumer, should be allowed to refuse cookies that I do not want to accept.
Is it leg... |
Can a website Demand acceptance of non-essential cookies to allow access? |
## In other words, what is the difference between signing "for" a company and signing "on behalf of it"? ##
**Nothing.**
Companies are famously illiterate - they can't read or write and need someone with fingers to do it for them. In fact, everything that a company does is done through an agent.
There is no di... |
Your title is not necessarily consistent with your example.
> Can a website demand acceptance of non-essential cookies to allow access?
As you have found, GDPR prohibits conditioning the provision of service on consent to the processing of personal data. Cookie walls *without alternative means of access* are gen... |
Your title is not necessarily consistent with your example.
> Can a website demand acceptance of non-essential cookies to allow access?
As you have found, GDPR prohibits conditioning the provision of service on consent to the processing of personal data. Cookie walls *without alternative means of access* are gen... |
An employee of a private company is given company stock options. The employee exercises those options, and receives a signed certificate for the shares. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I think this makes the employee the holder of record for those shares. The employee later leaves the company, but still has the certificat... |
Do shareholders of a private company have a right to financial data? |
A business directory listing website scraped old data for their listings. They use random contact information, personally identifiable information (PII), logos/banners to falsely represent those business listings and individuals.
That directory listing website presents itself as a self submission service but those ... |
Are there any countries where the victim being too drunk to consent is not sufficient to criminally pursue the perpetrator for a sexual offence?
For example, a girl goes into a bar and voluntarily drinks enough alcohol to be considered drunk. The victim is then taken advantage of sexually in her drunken state. The n... |
Let's say I purchased an item on an instalment payment plan from a company. I also subscribed to their services. The instalment scheme is separated from the monthly service fee. That means every month I pay for the service fee and the instalment for the item separately.
For e.g, the item costs $5000 with a monthly ... |
Let's say someone purchased an item on an instalment payment plan from a company. They also subscribed to their services. The instalment scheme is separated from the monthly service fee. That means every month they pay for the service fee and the instalment for the item separately.
For e.g, the item costs $5000 wit... |
Let's say someone purchased an item on an installment payment plan from a company. They also subscribed to their services. The installment scheme is separated from the monthly service fee. That means every month they pay for the service fee and the installment for the item separately.
For e.g, the item costs $5000 ... |
I have experienced several times now that sites require payment if you do not accept non-essential cookies. My reading of the relevant legislation (from the EU - I have not browsed the Californian legilation) indicates that I, as a consumer, should be allowed to refuse cookies that I do not want to accept.
Is it leg... |
Let's say someone purchased an item on an installment payment plan from a company. They also subscribed to their services. The installment scheme is separated from the monthly service fee. That means every month they pay for the service fee and the installment for the item separately.
For e.g, the item costs $5000 ... |
What are the trade-offs involved in accepting an offer to contract that would combine an installment payment and service fee? |
Can a website Demand acceptance of non-essential cookies to allow free access? |
Does it matter if the addiction is legal: say gambling or alcohol; or illegal: drugs or theft (Kleptomania)? |
Is addiction a disability? |
[![court clerk stamp][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/DvgQm.png
At first I thought it says "MAILED" but that doesn't seem to work...or does it? If you're familiar with court clerk stamps perhaps you can give advice as to what this is? Thank you. |
What does this fuzzy court clerk stamp say? It's from a very old case in 1995 in the state of Washington |
Imagine that Nike makes a particular model/style of trainer, for example, called the Nike Jordan 4128s, which come in a men's and women's version respectively. They both normally retail for £200, but a shop, either Nike itself or a secondary retailer, decide to run a promotion on the women's version, so that they sell ... |
Is it permissible for a brand to discount its women's version of a product but not the men's? |
Imagine that Nike makes a particular model/style of trainer, for example, called the Nike Jordan 4128s, which come in a men's and women's version respectively. They both normally retail for £200, but a shop, either Nike itself or a secondary retailer, decide to run a promotion on the women's version, so that they sell ... |
I have seen many explanatory materials of judicial titles recommend this abbreviation to be used in certain contexts, but none which explain what it is itself short for. What does it mean? |
What does HHJ stand for? |
Companies often offer various types of short-term promotions. The ads almost always contain fine print that says “Limited Time Offer.” Is there a specific reason why they have to do that?
It seems really unlikely to me that, if they didn’t include that disclaimer, they would just be forced to honor the offer in per... |
Is there a legal reason why many advertisements say “Limited Time Offer”? |
It is my understanding that if a defendant in a criminal case in the Crown Court decides to represent themselves, and further decides to give evidence personally, the judge in the trial puts questions to them before they are cross-examined by the prosecution.
If my understanding is correct, how does the judge decide... |
How does a judge decide how to examine an unrepresented defendant giving evidence? |
Let's say someone purchased an item on an installment payment plan from a company. They also subscribed to their services. The installment scheme is separated from the monthly service fee. That means every month they pay for the service fee and the installment for the item separately.
For e.g, the item costs $5000 ... |
Let's say someone purchased an item on an instalment payment plan from a company. They also subscribed to their services. The instalment scheme is separated from the monthly service fee. That means every month they pay for the service fee and the instalment for the item separately.
For e.g, the item costs $5000 wit... |
I am interested to know if trespass will be considered if its a family member.
The door was closed & permission was not granted.
There was nothing wrong being done but they just enter & walk around the room.
Would there be legal precedence in Singapore to stop them from coming in? |
Is there legal precedence when there is no permission granted & a sibling enters your room? They were caught on camera |
The applicable Singapore statute is:
[Singapore Statute][1]
There it says:
> 441 Criminal trespass ...Criminal trespass Whoever enters into or upon
> property in the possession of another with intent to commit an offence
> or to intimidate, insult or annoy any person in possession of such
> property, or hav... |
Police blatantly illegally searches Bob's house and finds very strong evidence that Bob and Rob independently committed a horrific crime each. A variation: the crime is the same and Bob and Rob committed it together.
Rob lives elsewhere and his rights, unlike Bob's, were not violated by the search.
Will Bob go fr... |
Does the exclusionary rule attach to the illegality of the search or to the person whose rights were violated? |
Is the agreement in a fixed medium?
-
> The agreement was verbal (discord chat)
Well that's complicated.
The *legal* distinction we are interested in is "is it expressed in a transient medium such as in-person speech or live dance, or is **recorded, in a fixed medium** which which can be recalled in reliabl... |
Is the agreement in a fixed medium?
-
> The agreement was verbal (discord chat)
Well that's complicated.
The *legal* distinction we are interested in is "is it expressed in a transient medium such as in-person speech or live dance, or is **recorded, in a fixed medium** which which can be recalled in reliabl... |
Most airplanes, including Elon Musk's private jet, are required by law to broadcast their location throughout a flight in a well-documented, unencrypted digital format called ADS-B. This system is a critical part of aviation safety infrastructure. Several services, such as FlightAware, FlightRadar24, and ADS-B Exchange... |
How could Elon Musk have any grounds for legal action against people who track his plane? |
What is the shortest recorded prison sentence in US history? |
What is the shortest prison sentence ever given in the US? |
Taxed in Spain due to COVID overstay? |
Your link points to an article published in October 2020.
More recent articles (May, July 2021) points out that the **Spanish Directorate General of Taxes (DGT)**, since April 2021, accepts the OECD recommendations, where when a **double taxation agreement** (DTA) exists, to make an exception to the 183 days rule f... |
> Is there a legal reason why many advertisements say “Limited Time Offer”?
Sometimes, especially where the advertisement specifies the deadline. This would help defeating a claim of *unfair and misleading practices* that customers might pursue apropos of an open-ended offer.
An offer triggers the offeree's *powe... |
[tag:england-and-wales]
> What legal actions can an individual take to have the listing that
> contains PII to be removed from such directory website?
You can take action under the [UK GDPR](https://uk-gdpr.org/).
Assumptions:
- The processing falls within the territorial scope in [Article 3](https://uk-g... |
Late in night at a street, Alan, dressed up as a horrible ghost, jump scared Betty and her brain going blank, she pull out her gun to shoot Alan. After one shot was done, she realised the ghost was a human being, so she stopped and call an ambulance, but the rescue was not successful.
How will Betty be sentenced? |
How will one be sentenced if she immediately shoots other guy to death with just one shot after being jumpscared out of scare? |
I am interested to know if trespass will be considered if its a family member.
The door was closed & permission was not granted.
There was nothing wrong being done but they just enter & walk around the room.
Would there be legal precedent in Singapore to stop them from coming in? |
Is there legal precedent when there is no permission granted & a sibling enters your room? They were caught on camera |
> The SDNY seems to hear a lot of high-profile civil and criminal cases ... What is it about this section of the court system that results in this peculiar phenomenon, captured in that it is widely referred to as the "Sovereign District of New York"?
There are a lot of people living and working in the SDNY, and a lo... |
> The SDNY seems to hear a lot of high-profile civil and criminal cases ... What is it about this section of the court system that results in this peculiar phenomenon, captured in that it is widely referred to as the "Sovereign District of New York"?
There are a lot of people living and working in the SDNY, and a lo... |
I sometimes see this happen in supermarkets; parents of bored children will give them some non-specific snack while shopping or while standing in line to pay, and will then scan the wrapper of the item at the checkout and pay for it with the rest of their items.
While I understand that realistically it's unlikely th... |
Does consuming a product in a shop count as theft, if the intent to pay for that product at checkout exists? |
In *Assaubayev v Michael Wilson & Partners Ltd* [[2014] EWCA Civ 1491][assaubayev], in a discussion about the court's supervisory jurisdiction over solicitors, Christopher Clarke LJ said [32]:
[assaubayev]: https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2014/1491.html
> Those who appear before the Court but who are not... |
Why are barristers in England and Wales not officers of the court? |
I take your description to be a summary of the defense's argument, made in Washington courts. Betty is guilty of [second degree murder][1], and since it's not reasonable to believe that a ghost, which does not exist, was trying to seriously injure or kill her, she will not succeed in her attempt at a self-defense defen... |
What is the shortest recorded prison or jail sentence in US history? |
It depends on whether one honestly believes that the supermarket would consent to them eating a snack before paying for it.
If there is no consent, either explicit or implied, then it is theft as no contract has been performed or fulfilled so ownership hasn't transferred, as follows:
Theft is defined by [section ... |
I sometimes see this happen in supermarkets; parents of bored children will give them some non-specific snack while shopping or while standing in line to pay, and will then scan the wrapper of the item at the checkout and pay for it with the rest of their items.
While I understand that realistically it's unlikely th... |
Just as a clarification to your first sentence, ADSB is only required in certain airspaces and elevations. It is entirely possible and legal to fly private planes from coast to coast without ADSB, without a transponder, or even without a radio to communicate with. So it is quite possible to fly anonymously in the USA.
... |
Large video game companies such as Blizzard, Valve, Mojang, etc. usually include a notice on their terms of use for video game assets for non-profit use, claiming that the license can be revoked at any time. Is this allowed? |
Can game developers legally revoke the license of use of game assets? |
Apart from having 1 year of work in the same company and a good credit score... Once that's okay... For example I earn $5000 a month, can I borrow $4500 a month if I want ? Or is there a limit based on a percentage of my net incomes a month ? And is there a limit on the duration of the real estate loan ? |
What are the main conditions to have a housing loan in the USA? |
> When an argument in a court case relies on the specifics of a statute,
> and that case goes to trial, how does that statute typically get
> presented to the opposing party and the judge? Does the attorney (or
> self represented party) typically just quote the relevant portions of
> the law, or do they provide a c... |
It seems that app mods, such as for games, are generally considered to be derivative works and thus [illegal](https://odinlaw.com/who-owns-my-game-mod/#:~:text=At%20their%20core%2C%20game%20mods,created%20is%20likely%20copyright%20infringement.). Chrome extensions, though, don't have the same reputation, even for the w... |
Why are app mods often illegal, but Chrome extensions are seemingly not? |
> When an argument in a court case relies on the specifics of a statute,
> and that case goes to trial, how does that statute typically get
> presented to the opposing party and the judge? Does the attorney (or
> self represented party) typically just quote the relevant portions of
> the law, or do they provide a c... |
> When an argument in a court case relies on the specifics of a statute,
> and that case goes to trial, how does that statute typically get
> presented to the opposing party and the judge? Does the attorney (or
> self represented party) typically just quote the relevant portions of
> the law, or do they provide a c... |
> When an argument in a court case relies on the specifics of a statute,
> and that case goes to trial, how does that statute typically get
> presented to the opposing party and the judge? Does the attorney (or
> self represented party) typically just quote the relevant portions of
> the law, or do they provide a c... |
Are these examples below possibly infringing or not?
* A list of top 100 most watched movies sorted by popularity
* A list of characters from a novel sorted using a random order
* A list of abilities from a video game character (from a typical MOBA/MMO game) sorted alphabetically |
How copyright law works for compilations? |
If I understand correctly, a U.S. state could in principle criminalize or otherwise prevent publication of a text-only book meeting the [three-pronged test for obscenity][1] handed down in *Miller v. California*. Before that case, there were several important obscenity trials involving literary works, including *Ulysse... |
Post Miller, have there been any obscenity convictions or prohibitions for purely textual material? |
Suppose that someone uses deadly self-defense in circumstances when it would have been objectively reasonable to do so (e.g., someone has a gun pointed at you and has threatened to shoot). But, the actual subjective reason that the person used it was invalid (e.g. the partially deaf person firing at the assailant mishe... |
Is Self-Defense Allowed When There Are Objectively Reason Grounds But It Is Actually Done Subjectively For Improper Reasons? |
If I understand correctly, a U.S. state could in principle criminalize or otherwise prevent publication of a text-only book meeting the [three-pronged test for obscenity][1] handed down in *Miller v. California*. Before that case, there were several important obscenity trials involving literary works, including *Ulysse... |
Are these examples below possibly infringing or not?
* A list of top 100 most watched movies sorted by popularity
* A list of characters from a novel sorted using a random order
* A list of abilities from a video game character (from a typical MOBA/MMO game) sorted alphabetically |
How copyright law works for compilations or lists? |
Are there are any examples of lists that may be protected by copyright due to being creative? |
Are there are any examples of lists that may be protected by copyright due to being creative? For instance a list of "top 100" movies, characters or books? |
An article by [WikiHow][1] states:
> Many people are familiar with responding to a lawsuit with a motion to
> compel arbitration. However, you can also file a petition to compel
> even when no lawsuit is pending.
I was researching this area of law and I came across a different (but overlapping) concept known ... |
What's the difference between a petition vs. declaratroy judgment action? |
The Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) is the federal law that governs arbitration. It is possible to petition the state or federal courts to compel arbitratio. Filing in federal court is ideal, since federal courts have a strong policy of favoring arbitration. However, there are specific criteria that must be met to bring ... |
What are the criteria to file a suit to compel arbitration in federal court? |
An almost-successful case is the recent case [Pennsylvania v. Alexander][1], where the defendant was convicted of sending obscene text messages. However, the conviction was overturned on appeal to the PA Superior Court. The trial court, as summarized in the appeal
> reasoned that text messages may constitute obscene... |
Can a list or compilation be protected by copyright in certain cases? |
What's the difference between a petition vs. declaratory judgment action? |
Canada's legal system has elements of English common law, French civil law, and Indigenous law. The federal Parliament and provincial legislatures each have areas of jurisdiction over which they may pass legislation. Judge-developed common-law continues to evolve as per the English tradition. Canadian private law (e.g.... |
Does Elon Musk have any grounds for legal action against people who track his plane? |
I want to have a residential address in England or another country; I want to know is it possible to have it ?
If yes, is it possible to have document which states this address is on my hold such as utility bill or something else ?
emphasis : I just want to have a residential address and I do not want to live there.
... |
I'm the Plaintiff in a civil case. The Opponent has made a non-Part 36 offer of an all-inclusive settlement.
I have a conditional fee agreement (CFA) with my solicitor. The Client Care Letter (CCL) has a section,
> **Costs you are liable to pay if you win the case**
>
> Our base costs [... and a] success fee of ... |
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