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is penetration pricing ethical | yes penetration pricing is a valid strategy is that is used to temporarily offer lower prices to attract a customer there is nothing unethical or illegal about it though there are very strong considerations a company must make once a customer has been attracted for example once a new customer has agreed to a long term ... | |
when would a company use penetration pricing | a company uses penetration pricing when it does not have a presence in a given market whether it is a brand new company or an old company introducing a new product most penetration pricing strategies occur when new products are introduced and a company wants to steal market share from existing companies | |
what types of products are most successful with penetration pricing | the most elastic goods are often the most successful with penetration pricing these goods often have the largest changes in demand with very subtle changes in price goods such as internet cable banking services groceries airline tickets or hospitality services are often easier to use penetration prices with as small ch... | |
what is a pennant | in technical analysis a pennant is a type of continuation pattern it s formed when there is a large movement in a security known as the flagpole then the flagpole is followed by a consolidation period with converging trend lines the pennant followed by a breakout movement in the same direction as the initial large move... | |
how do bullish pennant patterns differ from bearish pennants | bullish pennant patterns occur after an uptrend and indicate a potential continuation of the upward movement bearish pennant patterns occur after a downtrend and suggest a potential continuation of the downward movement can pennant formations signal both continuation and reversal patterns pennant formations are primari... | |
what are common entry points for trading pennant breakouts | common entry points for trading pennant breakouts are typically just above the upper trendline for bullish pennants and just below the lower trendline for bearish pennants the bottom linepennant formations are short term continuation patterns identified on price charts they re characterized by a small symmetrical trian... | |
what is a penny stock | a penny stock typically refers to the stock of a small company that trades for less than 5 per share though some penny stocks trade on large exchanges such as the new york stock exchange nyse most trade via over the counter otc transactions through the electronic otc bulletin board otcbb or through the privately owned ... | |
when considering options for potential investments it s important to have enough information to make an informed decision for some penny stocks information on corporate performance can be very difficult to find when this is the case the information that is available about them may not come from credible sources | stocks traded on the otcbb carry the ob suffix to their symbol these companies file financial statements with the sec however companies listed on the pink sheets are not required to file with the sec as such these businesses do not receive the same public scrutiny or regulation as the stocks represented on the nyse the... | |
how is a penny stock created | small companies and startups typically issue stock as a means of raising capital to grow the business although the process is lengthy issuing stock is often one of the quickest and most effective ways for a startup company to obtain capital a penny stock like any other publicly traded stock is created through a process... | |
when is it not a penny stock | multiple events can trigger the transition of a penny stock to a regular stock the company can issue new securities in an offering that is registered with the sec or it can register an existing class of securities with the regulatory body both types of transactions automatically require the firm to adhere to periodic r... | |
where do you buy penny stocks | penny stocks are traded on the otc bulletin board otcbb or the otc markets group they are also available to trade through a brokerage account such as fidelity or charles schwab | |
how do you buy penny stocks on fidelity | you can buy penny stocks on fidelity by searching for companies that trade for less than 5 per share note that those trading penny stocks must first submit a form acknowledging that they understand the risks of penny stock trading 11 | |
how do you find penny stocks on robinhood | you can find penny stocks on robinhood using the search function and setting a filter for only those companies trading for less than 5 per share note that since robinhood does not charge commissions penny stock trades can be potentially more profitable than a commission based broker the bottom linepenny stocks refer to... | |
what is a pension plan | a pension plan is an employee benefit that commits the employer to making regular contributions to a pool of money set aside to fund payments to eligible employees after they retire in the united states traditional pension plans known as defined benefit plans have become increasingly rare and are being replaced by defi... | |
what is per capita | per capita is a latin term that translates to by head per capita means the average per person and is often used in place of per person in statistical observances the phrase can be used for almost any kind of population description but is common when discussing economic data this could include a country s tara anand in... | |
what does per capita mean in latin | in latin per capita means by head or for each head | |
how do you determine per capita figures | to calculate per capita simply divide the figure or value in question by the size of the population | |
what is the world s total gdp per capita | according to the world bank the total world s gdp per capita was 17 500 in 2022 with 8 billion people in the world in 2022 that amounts to a total global gdp of around 139 trillion 7the bottom lineper capita is a way of averaging values on a per person basis to better understand how each individual shares in aggregated... | |
what is gdp per capita | gross domestic product gdp per capita is an economic metric that breaks down a country s economic output to a per person allocation economists use gdp per capita to determine the prosperity of countries based on their economic growth gdp per capita is calculated by dividing the gdp of a nation by its population countri... | |
how is gdp per capita calculated | the calculation formula to determine gdp per capita is a country s gross domestic product divided by its population gdp per capita reflects a nation s standard of living 1 | |
which countries have the highest gdp per capita | the countries with the highest gdp per capita tend to be those that are the most industrialized and developed according to the imf the three countries with the highest gdp per capita as of april 2024 are luxembourg ireland and switzerland 8 | |
what s the difference between gdp per capita and per capita income | gdp per capita is the economic output of a nation per person it s used to measure the prosperity of a nation per capita income is the amount of money earned per person it s used to determine the standard of living and quality of life of a population | |
which country has the lowest gdp per capita | burundi south sudan and malawi have the lowest gdp per capita of the countries for which the imf publishes data 8the bottom linegdp per capita is a popular metric used to measure the average prosperity and well being of a country it takes populations into account unlike some other measures of economic productivity allo... | |
what is per stirpes | per stirpes latin for by branch is a legal term that may be used for estate planning purposes such as in a last will and testament 1 it designates who will inherit assets if a beneficiary dies before the person who created the will the testator dies with a per stirpes distribution the beneficiary s share of the estate ... | |
how per stirpes works | per stirpes refers to every person descending down a branch of a family tree from another person for example everyone below a parent such as their children grandchildren and great grandchildren is included in a branch per stirpes often appear in wills and retirement accounts to define asset distributions so that each b... | |
which is better per stirpes or per capita | neither one is better in and of itself they simply have different meanings where beneficiaries and inheritance are concerned ultimately the feelings of the testator for their family dynamic should guide the testator s decision of whether per stirpes or per capita is used | |
what is the opposite of per stirpes | per stirpes stipulates that should a beneficiary die before the testator the beneficiary s share of the inheritance goes to their heirs per capita takes the opposite approach the inheritance is divided equally among the testator s beneficiaries | |
how do you write per stirpes in a will | to use per stirpes correctly you should make the gift to a person s descendants as to person s descendants per stirpes in general the person should be one person not a group of people and the word descendants or issue must always appear | |
how many generations does per stirpes cover | per stirpes determines that in the event of an out of order death the inheritance which would have been awarded to the beneficiary that passed away is given to that beneficiary s children thus per stirpes covers the grandchildren of the testator | |
is per stirpes a good idea | per stirpes used more commonly than per capita is a great way to ensure that the descendants of your original beneficiaries are protected in the event of an untimely death the bottom linethe distribution of your assets after your death can be very stressful making sure that your will has very clear terms and that those... | |
what is perceived value | in marketing terminology perceived value is customers evaluation of a product or service s merits and its ability to meet their needs and expectations especially compared with its peers marketing professionals try to influence consumers perceived value of a product by describing the attributes that make it superior to ... | |
what does perceived value boil down to | perceived value comes down to the price that the public is willing to pay for a good or service | |
how do marketers define perceived value | marketers aiming to influence the perceived value of a product define its attributes in terms of its utility or the extra benefits and values that the customer expects to get in using it | |
why do some brands charge more for the same product or service | a company s well established brand can command a higher price than its generic equivalents because that brand is meant to communicate a set of expectations associated with its products or services the bottom linein marketing parlance perceived value is customers evaluation of the merits of a product or service and its ... | |
what is percentage change | percentage change is a simple calculation that s used for many purposes in finance and business such as to assess the relative performance of a stock or other investment over a certain time period here is how to calculate it | |
how percentage changes work | percentage changes can be calculated for any quantity that you measure over time in finance the percentage change formula is often used to track the prices of both large market indexes like the s p 500 or dow jones industrial average and individual securities as well as to compare the fluctuating values of different na... | |
how do i calculate percent change | if you are tracking a price increase use the formula new price old price old price and then multiply that number by 100 conversely if the price decreased use the formula old price new price old price and multiply that number by 100 | |
what is a balance sheet and how does it relate to percentage changes | a balance sheet is a financial statement that companies use to report assets liabilities and shareholder equity balance sheets provide a snapshot of a company s finances for a specific period of time such as a quarter or a fiscal year 4many companies choose to analyze their balance sheet by examining the percentage cha... | |
how is percentage change used in finance | percentage change is often used by investors to track the increase or decrease in the value of a security over time and then compare that against the performance of a relevant index it is also used to compare the changing values of different national currencies as well as to measure the appreciation of physical assets ... | |
what is the percentage of completion method | the percentage of completion method is an accounting method in which the revenues and expenses of long term contracts are recognized as a percentage of the work completed during the period this is in contrast to the completed contract method which defers the reporting of income and expenses until a project is completed... | |
what is perfect competition | the term perfect competition refers to a theoretical market structure although perfect competition rarely occurs in real world markets it provides a useful model for explaining how supply and demand affect prices and behavior in a market economy under perfect competition there are many buyers and sellers and prices ref... | |
how perfect competition works | perfect competition is a benchmark or ideal type to which real life market structures can be compared perfect competition is theoretically the opposite of a monopoly in which only a single firm supplies a good or service and that firm can charge whatever price it wants since consumers have no alternatives and it is dif... | |
do firms profit in perfect competition | profits may be possible for brief periods in perfectly competitive markets but the market s dynamics cancel out the effects of positive or negative profits and bring them toward an equilibrium because there is no information asymmetry in the market other firms will quickly ramp up their production or reduce their manuf... | |
what is perfect competition | in economic theory perfect competition occurs when all companies sell identical products market share does not influence price companies are able to enter or exit without barriers buyers have perfect or full information and companies cannot determine prices in other words it is a market that is entirely influenced by m... | |
what is an example of perfect competition | consider a farmers market where each vendor sells the same type of jam there is little differentiation between each of their products as they use the same recipe and they each sell them at an equal price at the same time sellers are few and free to participate in the market without any barrier buyers in this case would... | |
what is the difference between perfect competition and imperfect competition | while perfect competition is an idealized market structure in which equal and identical products are sold imperfect competition can be found in monopolies and real life examples for instance imperfect competition involves companies competing for market share high barriers to entry and buyers lacking complete informatio... | |
what is a performance bond | a performance bond is a financial guarantee to one party in a contract against the failure of the other party to meet its obligations it is also referred to as a contract bond a performance bond is usually provided by a bank or an insurance company to make sure a contractor completes designated projects investopedia la... | |
how to get a performance bond | in order to get a performance bond contractors need to apply to a surety for a letter of bondability this non binding letter states the monetary limits that the surety would be willing to provide to bond the contractor based on factors like the contractor s experience and creditworthiness and the size of the proposed p... | |
how much does a performance bond cost | the cost of a performance bond depends on a variety of factors such as the size of the project the creditworthiness of the contractor their license history and the overall financial strength of the bonding party in general the rate falls between 1 and 4 of the total value of the performance bond | |
what is a payment bond | a payment bond is similar to a performance bond but it is used to guarantee payment to the contractors and subcontractors in the event that the principal becomes insolvent or otherwise unable to pay | |
how long does a performance bond last | the time limit for claiming a performance bond will be spelled out in the bond contract however most performance bonds have a duration of twelve months with some lasting for 36 months in addition your bond may be renewable or non renewable the bottom lineperformance bonds are used to ensure satisfactory completion of c... | |
what is a performance budget | a performance budget is one that reflects both the input of resources and the output of services for each unit of an organization the goal is to identify and score relative performance based on goal attainment for specified outcomes this type of budget is commonly used by government bodies and agencies to show the link... | |
what is performance management | performance management is a tool that helps managers monitor and evaluate employees work the goal of performance management is to create an environment where people can perform to the best of their abilities and in alignment with the organization s overall goals performance management is widely used in both the private... | |
how performance management works | a formal performance management program helps managers and employees see eye to eye about expectations goals and career progress including how an individual s work aligns with the company s overall vision it helps direct the funds allocated as a part of the company s performance budget generally speaking performance ma... | |
what is management by objectives vs performance management | somewhat similar to performance management management by objectives mbo is a corporate leadership model that attempts to align employees goals with those of an organization it is often broken down into five basic steps defining objectives communicating those objectives to employees monitoring employees progress evaluat... | |
what is the difference between performance management and performance appraisal | in performance management supervisors provide ongoing feedback to employees performance appraisals on the other hand tend to provide feedback looking back over a certain period often a year companies that practice performance management can include an annual performance review as part of their process so the two aren t... | |
what are smart goals | smart goals are part of a goal setting system and philosophy used by many companies and other organizations as well as by individuals following the smart acronym it advocates creating goals that are specific measurable achievable or attainable relevant and time bound the bottom lineperformance management done properly ... | |
what is a periodic interest rate | a periodic interest rate is a rate that can be charged on a loan or realized on an investment over a specific period of time lenders typically quote interest rates on an annual basis but the interest compounds more frequently than annually in most cases the periodic interest rate is the annual interest rate divided by ... | |
how a periodic interest rate works | the number of compounding periods directly affects the periodic interest rate of an investment or a loan an investment s periodic rate is 1 if it has an effective annual return of 12 and it compounds every month its periodic interest rate is 0 00033 if you are compounding the daily periodic rate it would be the equival... | |
what is the permanent income hypothesis | the permanent income hypothesis is a theory of consumer spending stating that people will spend money at a level consistent with their expected long term average income the level of expected long term income then becomes thought of as the level of permanent income that can be safely spent a worker will save only if the... | |
what is permanent life insurance | permanent life insurance provides coverage for the full lifetime of the insured person while permanent life is more expensive than term insurance permanent policies combine a death benefit with a savings component that earns interest on a tax deferred basis the two primary types of permanent life insurance are whole li... | |
what is permanent policy life insurance | permanent life insurance is a life insurance policy that doesn t expire until the death of the policy holder it usually comes with a cash value savings component | |
what are the four types of permanent life insurance | the four types of permanent life insurance policies are universal life whole life variable universal life and variable life | |
what is better term or permanent life insurance | both term and permanent life insurance can help you protect your loved ones financially you should buy the one that offers premiums you can afford permanent life lasts longer and has a cash value component but its premiums are usually much higher than term life insurance can you cash out permanent life insurance yes yo... | |
how long does permanent life insurance last | if you pay the premiums on your policy and do not let the policy lapse or surrender it a permanent life insurance policy will last your lifetime the bottom linepermanent life insurance pays out a guaranteed benefit upon the insured s death most policies contain a cash value savings component that earns interest and gro... | |
what is a perpetual bond | a perpetual bond also known as a consol bond or perp is a fixed income security with no maturity date this type of bond is often considered a type of equity rather than debt one major drawback to these types of bonds is that they are not redeemable however the major benefit of them is that they pay a steady stream of i... | |
where | d periodic coupon payment of the bondr discount rate applied to the bondfor example if a perpetual bond pays 10 000 per year in perpetuity and the discount rate is assumed to be 4 the present value would be present value 10 000 0 04 250 000note that the present value of a perpetual bond is highly sensitive to the disco... | |
what is a perpetual inventory system | a perpetual inventory system is a computerized system that continuously records inventory changes in real time thereby reducing or eliminating the need for physical inventory checks relying on data provided by electronic point of sale technology it provides a highly detailed view of changes in inventory and immediate r... | |
when to use a perpetual inventory system | large companies with a high volume of constantly rotating physical inventory to manage should consider implementing a perpetual inventory system the same applies to businesses with multiple locations companies that don t meet those criteria now but anticipate growth in the future may want to consider such a system as w... | |
how to use a perpetual inventory system | to calculate inventory companies need to set up a system where every piece of inventory is entered into the system and deducted from the system as it s sold this requires the use of point of sale terminals barcode scanners and perpetual inventory software to update estimated inventory with every product purchase and sa... | |
when a company sells products in a perpetual inventory system the expense account increases and grows the cost of goods sold cogs cogs represents production costs and expenses during a specific period this includes the materials and labor costs but not distribution or sales expenses the formula for cogs appears below 5... | cogs bi p eibi beginning inventoryp purchases for the periodei ending inventorya perpetual inventory system maintains a continuous tally of transactions making the cogs available at any time by contrast a periodic inventory system calculates the cogs only after conducting a physical inventory the advantage of a perpetu... | |
what s the difference between a perpetual inventory and periodic inventory system | a perpetual inventory system uses point of sale terminals scanners and software to record all transactions in real time and maintain an estimate of inventory on a continuous basis a periodic inventory system requires counting items at various intervals such as weekly monthly quarterly or annually | |
what does cogs stand for | cogs is an acronym for cost of goods sold it plays an integral role in business accounting by providing a point in time estimate of the cost to produce products sold by a company if the company utilizes a perpetual inventory system cogs is available on a continuous basis with a periodic inventory system cogs is calcula... | |
what s the difference between fifo and lifo | fifo first in first out refers to an accounting system that assumes the oldest products are sold first followed by newer ones lifo last in first out assumes the most recent products are sold before older ones the bottom linebusinesses increasingly track inventory using a perpetual inventory system vs the older physical... | |
what does perpetuity mean in finance | a perpetuity is an investment asset that pays a stated return for an infinite amount of time an annuity with no termination date is an example of a perpetuity sadly perpetuities are extremely rare in modern times however the abstract concept of perpetuity lives on in the financial world and the field of economics in fi... | |
how does perpetuity work in investing | a perpetuity is a financial instrument that offers a stream of cash flows in perpetuity that is without end unlike other bonds perpetuities do not have a fixed maturity date but continue paying interest indefinitely until 2015 the u k offered a government bond called a consol a contraction for consolidated annuities it... | |
how is a perpetuity valued | at first glance it may seem as though an instrument that offers an infinite stream of cash flows would be almost infinitely valuable but this is not the case mathematically speaking the value of a perpetuity is finite and its value can be determined by discounting its future cash flows to the present using a specified ... | |
what is the difference between a perpetuity and an annuity | a perpetuity and an annuity are similar in that both offer a fixed set of cash flows over time the key difference is that annuities have a predetermined end date known as the maturity date whereas perpetuities are intended to last forever importantly both annuities and perpetuities can be valued using dcf analysis | |
how long does a perpetuity last | forever or presumably until the end of the world as we know it the bottom lineperpetuities are investments that make payments indefinitely with no maturity or expiration date they are essentially never ending annuities perpetuities as financial products are quite rare today but the abstract concept of a perpetuity and ... | |
what is a perseroan terbatas pt | perseroan terbatas pt is the type of legal entity that a foreign company foreign government or foreign individual must use to run a revenue generating business in indonesia also known as a foreign investment limited liability company a pt is a business entity that allows foreign investors to conduct commercial activiti... | |
what is personal consumption expenditures pce | personal consumption expenditures pce also known as consumer spending is a measure of the spending on goods and services by people of the united states according to the bureau of economic analysis bea a u s government agency pce accounts for about two thirds of domestic spending and is a significant driver of gross dom... | |
how pce is measured | the bea reports the total value of personal consumption expenditures collectively every month like most economic breakdowns pce is split between consumer goods and services durable goods and nondurable goods are components of the consumer goods figure durable goods are items that last longer than three years examples i... | |
when people spend without hesitation it usually means that the economy is doing well when they cut back on spending it points to problems in the overall economic picture | pce estimates aggregate spending for a large number of commodities this can provide a view of spending that accounts for more goods and services actually purchased pce data may reflect measurement errors that occur during collection and in source data provided to the bea it may also reflect classification errors after ... | |
what is the importance of the personal consumption expenditures number | the personal consumption expenditures number shows how americans collectively spend their money tracked from month to month it is an indicator of the economy s health overall it also is a key component of the pce price index which tracks inflation or deflation in consumer prices over time | |
what is the difference between the pce price index and the consumer price index | the cpi is compiled monthly by the bureau of labor statistics based on a survey of urban households it measures the price of a basket of household goods and services that most people buy regularly the pce produced monthly by the bureau of economic analysis also records changes in the prices of a basket of goods from mo... | |
what does the pce data show us | the pce data for may 2024 showed an increase in personal consumption expenditures to just over 19 34 trillion from april 2024 this represents an increase of 0 2 from the previous month the pce price index decreased by less than 0 1 from the previous month 4the bottom linepersonal consumption expenditures or pce allows ... | |
what is personal finance | personal finance is a term that covers managing your money as well as saving and investing it encompasses budgeting banking insurance mortgages investments and retirement tax and estate planning the term often refers to the entire industry that provides financial services to individuals and households and advises them ... | |
what personal finance classes can t teach you | personal finance education is a great idea for consumers especially people starting out who want to learn investing basics or about credit management however understanding the basic concepts is not a guaranteed path to financial sense human nature can often derail the best intentions to achieve a perfect credit score o... | |
what is personal finance | personal finance is the knowledge instruments and techniques used to manage your finances when you understand the principles and concepts behind personal finance you can manage debt savings living expenses and retirement savings | |
what are the 5 main components of personal finance | the five main components are income spending savings investing and protection | |
what is an example of personal finance | one of the key ideas behind personal finance is not to spend more than you make for instance if you make 50 000 a year but spend 65 000 you ll end up with debt that continues to compound because you ll be spending more than you make to pay for past expenses | |
why is personal finance so important | the concepts behind managing your personal finances can guide you in making intelligent financial decisions in addition the decisions you make throughout your life on what to buy sell hold or own can affect how you live when you can no longer work the bottom linepersonal finance is managing your money to cover expenses... | |
what is a personal financial specialist pfs | a personal financial specialist pfs is a certification for certified public accountants cpas that allows them to expand their expertise and offerings to include financial planning and wealth management the american institute of certified public accountants aicpa established the personal financial specialist pfs credent... | |
what is a personal financial statement | the term personal financial statement refers to a document or spreadsheet that outlines an individual s financial position at a given point in time the statement typically includes general information about the individual such as name and address along with a breakdown of total assets and liabilities the statement can ... | |
what is a personal guarantee | the term personal guarantee refers to an individual s legal promise to repay credit issued to a business for which they serve as an executive or partner providing a personal guarantee means that if the business becomes unable to repay the debt the individual assumes personal responsibility for the balance personal guar... | |
how personal guarantees work | personal guarantees are used in credit deals to secure funding for businesses they are used by new and small businesses generally for companies that may not be as established or for those with inadequate credit history to qualify for loans and other credit on their own when a personal guarantee is given the principals ... | |
what is a personal identification number pin | a personal identification number pin is a numerical code used in many electronic financial transactions personal identification numbers are usually issued in association with payment cards and may be required to complete a transaction the purpose of a personal identification number pin is to add additional security to ... | |
when choosing a pin it is recommended to choose one that will be difficult to guess but also easy for the account holder to remember short basic pins are advised against such as using 123 or numbers that would be easy to guess in instances of fraud common information such as an account holder s birthday marriage annive... | electronic transaction processing and personal identification numbers pins electronic transactions with merchants are slightly more complex than standard atm transactions merchant transactions will involve the merchant the merchant acquiring bank the processing network and the issuing bank therefore the use of a pin nu... | |
how do i find my pin number | if you ve forgotten your pin number consider contacting your bank you ll likely have to verify your identity but a customer service representative should be able to help you reset your pin | |
do all debit cards have a pin | yes all debit cards require a pin number however be mindful that not all debit card transactions require the use of a pin number the transaction itself your recent purchasing history or the vendor purchasing from may influence the security checks implemented by the issuing bank |
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