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| pretty_name: SenAffLex-Provo | |
| language: | |
| - en | |
| tags: | |
| - psycholinguistics | |
| - eye-tracking | |
| - naturalistic-reading | |
| - lexical-processing | |
| - lexical-frequency | |
| - word-predictability | |
| - affective-norms | |
| - valence | |
| - arousal | |
| - dominance | |
| - computational-linguistics | |
| - reproducible-research | |
| - research-software | |
| - linear-mixed-effects-models | |
| - bayesian-modeling | |
| # SenAffLex-Provo | |
| ## Integrated Sentiment, Affective, and Lexical Research Datasets and Computational Resources | |
| **Creator and Maintainer:** Mohit Gupta | |
| **Institution:** University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign | |
| **Research Discipline:** Psycholinguistics and Computational Linguistics | |
| **Repository Type:** Research datasets, computational software, and reproducibility resources | |
| **Initial Publication Year:** 2026 | |
| **Documentation Version:** 1.0 | |
| **Last Updated:** October 2026 | |
| **Repository DOI:** [10.57967/hf/11234](https://doi.org/10.57967/hf/11234) | |
| **Repository URL:** | |
| https://huggingface.co/datasets/27guptamohit/SenAffLex-Provo | |
| --- | |
| ## 1. Overview | |
| **SenAffLex-Provo** is an evolving computational research repository developed to support investigations of lexical, affective, and eventually sentiment-related influences on eye-movement behavior during naturalistic reading. | |
| The research infrastructure combines psycholinguistic datasets, computational preprocessing procedures, statistical analysis software, model-selection workflows, research results, and reproducibility resources. | |
| The original computational preprocessing, dataset integration, triangulation, and associated software were developed and implemented by **Mohit Gupta** at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. | |
| The current research infrastructure integrates information from three established research resources: | |
| 1. **Provo Corpus** — Eye-tracking observations and contextual word predictability. | |
| 2. **SUBTLEX-US** — Lexical frequency information. | |
| 3. **Warriner et al. (2013)** — Valence, arousal, and dominance norms. | |
| The current data-preparation pipeline supports the construction of: | |
| - Master Provo. | |
| - Lexical Provo. | |
| - Affective Provo. | |
| Future development is planned to incorporate sentiment information through the **Gupta Lexical English Norms for Sentiment (GLENS)** dataset. | |
| **The planned sentiment integration is not part of the current released datasets.** | |
| The repository distinguishes original computational contributions from the underlying third-party research resources and their applicable intellectual property rights. | |
| --- | |
| ## 2. Research Objectives | |
| The SenAffLex-Provo research program aims to support reproducible investigations of language processing during naturalistic reading. | |
| Its objectives include: | |
| 1. Integrating established psycholinguistic research resources. | |
| 2. Developing reproducible computational preprocessing procedures. | |
| 3. Improving lexical matching through normalization and lemmatization. | |
| 4. Constructing integrated lexical and affective research datasets. | |
| 5. Evaluating lexical and affective influences on eye movements. | |
| 6. Supporting statistical analyses of reading behavior. | |
| 7. Documenting computational methods and model-selection procedures. | |
| 8. Preserving research scripts, results, and computational artifacts. | |
| 9. Supporting independent reproduction and methodological extensions. | |
| 10. Expanding the infrastructure to incorporate sentiment information. | |
| These objectives describe the scope of the research program. | |
| Planned developments are distinguished from completed research resources. | |
| --- | |
| ## 3. Original Research Data Sources | |
| The current research infrastructure integrates three established psycholinguistic resources. | |
| | Source | Original Authors | Research Contribution | | |
| |---|---|---| | |
| | Provo Corpus | Luke & Christianson (2018) | Eye-tracking observations and contextual predictability | | |
| | SUBTLEX-US | Brysbaert & New (2009) | Lexical frequency norms | | |
| | Warriner Affective Norms | Warriner, Kuperman, & Brysbaert (2013) | Valence, arousal, and dominance ratings | | |
| The original source datasets remain attributable to their respective creators. | |
| Their inclusion in the SenAffLex-Provo computational workflow does not transfer ownership of the underlying observations, measurements, or other protected materials. | |
| For complete source citations and licensing considerations, see: | |
| [Raw Data Citations](Raw-Data-Citations.md) | |
| --- | |
| ## 4. Integrated Research Datasets | |
| The computational preparation pipeline supports three primary research datasets. | |
| | Dataset | Description | Research Application | | |
| |---|---|---| | |
| | Master Provo | Integrated Provo dataset retaining observations regardless of lexical or affective norm availability. | Corpus research, coverage analysis, and construction of analytical subsets | | |
| | Lexical Provo | Predictor-complete dataset containing mandatory lexical predictors. | Lexical Provo research program | | |
| | Affective Provo | Predictor-complete dataset containing mandatory lexical and affective predictors. | Affective Provo research program | | |
| ### 4.1 Master Provo | |
| Master Provo integrates available eye-tracking, predictability, lexical frequency, and affective information. | |
| It preserves the original token-level observation structure during lexical integration. | |
| ### 4.2 Lexical Provo | |
| Lexical Provo contains observations satisfying the required lexical predictor-completeness criteria. | |
| Its mandatory lexical predictors include: | |
| - Word length. | |
| - Contextual word predictability. | |
| - Lexical frequency. | |
| ### 4.3 Affective Provo | |
| Affective Provo contains observations satisfying the required lexical and affective predictor-completeness criteria. | |
| Its mandatory affective predictors include: | |
| - Valence. | |
| - Arousal. | |
| - Dominance. | |
| ### 4.4 Outcome-Specific Filtering | |
| The exported datasets are not automatically the final analytical samples for every statistical model. | |
| Outcome-specific filtering must be performed according to the requirements of each dependent variable. | |
| For example: | |
| - Fixation-duration analyses may require positive duration measurements. | |
| - Skipping analyses must retain skipped and non-skipped observations. | |
| - Regression analyses require appropriate outcome-specific eligibility criteria. | |
| Researchers should report the actual observation counts used in their statistical models. | |
| --- | |
| ## 5. Computational Research Infrastructure | |
| The repository contains original computational software developed for preparing, integrating, validating, and analyzing psycholinguistic research data. | |
| ### 5.1 Data Preparation | |
| The preprocessing pipeline includes: | |
| 1. Source-data preparation. | |
| 2. Provo Corpus processing. | |
| 3. Cloze predictability preparation. | |
| 4. Lexical normalization. | |
| 5. Vocabulary extraction and matching. | |
| 6. Lemmatization-related processing. | |
| 7. SUBTLEX-US frequency integration. | |
| 8. Warriner affective norm integration. | |
| 9. Dataset triangulation. | |
| 10. Predictor-completeness evaluation. | |
| 11. Dataset integrity validation. | |
| 12. Research dataset export. | |
| ### 5.2 Statistical Research | |
| The research infrastructure also contains computational resources supporting statistical investigations of eye-movement behavior. | |
| These include, where available: | |
| - Linear mixed-effects modeling. | |
| - Random-effects structure selection. | |
| - Model diagnostics. | |
| - Bayesian statistical analyses. | |
| - Computational sensitivity analyses. | |
| - Statistical results. | |
| - Reproducibility artifacts. | |
| The availability and scope of specific analyses are documented within their corresponding research directories. | |
| --- | |
| ## 6. Repository Organization | |
| ```text | |
| SenAffLex-Provo/ | |
| │ | |
| ├── README.md | |
| ├── LICENSE.md | |
| ├── CITATION.cff | |
| ├── SenAffLex-Provo-Data-Citation.md | |
| ├── Raw-Data-Citations.md | |
| ├── Research-Programs-Citations.md | |
| │ | |
| ├── 01-README/ | |
| │ └── Research documentation | |
| │ | |
| ├── 02-Data/ | |
| │ ├── 01-Raw/ | |
| │ ├── 02-Intermediate/ | |
| │ └── 03-Analysis_Ready/ | |
| │ | |
| ├── 03-Data-Preparation/ | |
| │ └── Computational preprocessing software | |
| │ | |
| ├── 04-Research_Program-Lexical_Provo/ | |
| │ └── Lexical research resources | |
| │ | |
| └── 05-Research_Program-Affective_Provo/ | |
| └── Affective research resources | |
| ``` | |
| The directory structure separates source data, processed research resources, computational preparation, and scientific investigations. | |
| Additional research directories may be introduced as the program expands. | |
| --- | |
| ## 7. Computational Development and Attribution | |
| The original computational preparation and triangulation infrastructure was developed and implemented by **Mohit Gupta**. | |
| Original contributions include, where applicable: | |
| - Python preprocessing implementation. | |
| - R statistical programming. | |
| - Jupyter notebook development. | |
| - Lexical normalization and lemmatization. | |
| - Vocabulary matching. | |
| - Dataset integration and triangulation. | |
| - Construction of intermediate datasets. | |
| - Construction of analysis-ready datasets. | |
| - Computational validation. | |
| - Statistical modeling workflows. | |
| - Research software documentation. | |
| - Reproducibility procedures. | |
| These statements identify responsibility for original computational implementation. | |
| They do not imply ownership of the original third-party research datasets or sole authorship of associated scientific publications. | |
| --- | |
| ## 8. Reproducibility | |
| The repository provides computational resources intended to support reproduction of the research workflows. | |
| Researchers should consult the relevant directory documentation before executing scripts or notebooks. | |
| Reproducibility may require: | |
| - Compatible Python and R environments. | |
| - Appropriate software dependencies. | |
| - Access to original source datasets. | |
| - Correct input and output directory configurations. | |
| - Compatible lexical processing resources. | |
| - Sufficient computing resources. | |
| - Consistent source-data versions. | |
| ### 8.1 Data Preparation | |
| [Data Preparation Documentation](03-Data-Preparation/README.md) | |
| ### 8.2 Analysis-Ready Datasets | |
| [Analysis-Ready Dataset Documentation](02-Data/03-Analysis_Ready/README.md) | |
| ### 8.3 Research Programs | |
| Research-specific computational requirements and analysis procedures are documented within their respective directories. | |
| Researchers should identify the repository version or Git commit corresponding to the resources used. | |
| --- | |
| ## 9. Licensing | |
| **SenAffLex-Provo is a mixed-license research repository.** | |
| Different licensing arrangements apply to different categories of materials. | |
| | Material | Licensing Arrangement | | |
| |---|---| | |
| | Original Python software | MIT, where designated | | |
| | Original R software | MIT, where designated | | |
| | Original Jupyter notebook code | MIT, where designated | | |
| | Eligible original documentation | CC BY 4.0, where designated | | |
| | Eligible original dataset contributions | CC BY 4.0, where designated | | |
| | Original Provo Corpus | Applicable original source terms | | |
| | SUBTLEX-US | Applicable original source terms | | |
| | Warriner affective norms | Applicable original source terms | | |
| | Third-party software dependencies | Applicable original software licenses | | |
| ### 9.1 Software Licensing | |
| Eligible original computational software is distributed under the MIT License where designated. | |
| The MIT License permits use, modification, redistribution, and commercial reuse subject to preservation of applicable copyright and permission notices. | |
| ### 9.2 Dataset Licensing | |
| The complete integrated datasets may contain information governed by third-party rights. | |
| **The repository does not independently offer unrestricted CC BY 4.0 permissions for the complete contents of the integrated datasets.** | |
| ### 9.3 Intermediate Dataset Licensing | |
| The intermediate-data licensing documentation distinguishes four preprocessing outputs. | |
| Files 1 and 2 were processed by Mohit Gupta but are excluded from the intermediate-data CC BY 4.0 licensing grant. | |
| Eligible original contributions in Files 3 and 4 are offered under CC BY 4.0, subject to applicable third-party rights. | |
| ### 9.4 Third-Party Redistribution | |
| Public availability of a dataset does not automatically establish unrestricted redistribution permission. | |
| The applicable redistribution permissions for the original Provo Corpus, SUBTLEX-US, and Warriner affective norms remain under review. | |
| For complete information: | |
| [Repository Licensing Policy](LICENSE.md) | |
| --- | |
| ## 10. How to Cite SenAffLex-Provo | |
| The repository distinguishes three categories of scholarly citation: | |
| 1. Original source datasets. | |
| 2. SenAffLex-Provo computational resources. | |
| 3. Associated scientific publications. | |
| Researchers should cite the resources relevant to their work. | |
| ### 10.1 Official Repository Citation | |
| Researchers substantially using the original SenAffLex-Provo computational resources are strongly requested to cite: | |
| Gupta, M. (2026). *SenAffLex-Provo: Integrated sentiment, affective, and lexical research datasets and computational resources* [Data set and software]. Hugging Face. https://doi.org/10.57967/hf/11234 | |
| ### 10.2 Original Source Citations | |
| Researchers using the original datasets should cite their respective publications. | |
| [Raw Data Citations](Raw-Data-Citations.md) | |
| ### 10.3 Associated Scientific Publications | |
| Researchers using scientific findings or interpretations from an associated publication should cite that specific article. | |
| [Research Programs and Publications](Research-Programs-Citations.md) | |
| ### 10.4 Machine-Readable Citation | |
| The official machine-readable repository citation is provided in: | |
| [CITATION.cff](CITATION.cff) | |
| ### 10.5 Citation Guidance | |
| For detailed guidance on citing the integrated datasets and computational resources: | |
| [SenAffLex-Provo Data Citation](SenAffLex-Provo-Data-Citation.md) | |
| Formal academic citation of the repository is strongly requested but is not an additional legal condition of the standard MIT License. | |
| --- | |
| ## 11. Associated Research Publications | |
| The SenAffLex-Provo research infrastructure supports multiple scientific investigations. | |
| ### Affective Provo — Fixation Duration | |
| **VAD Paper 1** | |
| Gupta, M., & Christianson, K. (in press). Beyond word length, frequency, and predictability: Affective properties predict eye movement in reading. *Reading Research Quarterly*. | |
| **Status:** Accepted October 20, 2026. | |
| **Article DOI:** Pending assignment. | |
| For the authoritative and continuously updated publication bibliography, see: | |
| [Research Programs Citations](Research-Programs-Citations.md) | |
| --- | |
| ## 12. Future Development | |
| The SenAffLex-Provo research infrastructure is intended to support continued scientific development. | |
| Planned extensions include: | |
| - Integration of GLENS sentiment norms. | |
| - Additional lexical and affective analyses. | |
| - Fixation-behavior investigations. | |
| - Regression-behavior investigations. | |
| - Expanded statistical modeling resources. | |
| - Additional scientific publications. | |
| - New reproducibility materials. | |
| Planned resources are not represented as completed or published. | |
| --- | |
| ## 13. Repository Versioning | |
| The repository may evolve as additional datasets, scripts, research results, and documentation become available. | |
| Researchers are encouraged to record: | |
| 1. Repository DOI. | |
| 2. Dataset or software resource used. | |
| 3. Relevant Git commit or release identifier. | |
| 4. Date of access, where appropriate. | |
| 5. Modifications made to the original resources. | |
| The DOI identifies the repository resource, while a Git commit identifies a particular repository state. | |
| --- | |
| ## 14. Contact | |
| **Repository Creator and Maintainer:** Mohit Gupta | |
| **Institution:** University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign | |
| **Repository:** | |
| https://huggingface.co/datasets/27guptamohit/SenAffLex-Provo | |
| For questions concerning computational resources, licensing documentation, or reproducibility, please use the repository's Hugging Face discussion facilities. | |
| --- | |
| ## 15. Important Notice | |
| The SenAffLex-Provo repository contains original computational contributions alongside information originating from independently developed research resources. | |
| The original Provo Corpus, SUBTLEX-US, and Warriner affective norms remain attributable to their respective creators. | |
| The repository's MIT and CC BY 4.0 licensing arrangements do not override third-party intellectual property rights. | |
| Researchers must comply with applicable original licensing and redistribution conditions. | |
| The repository DOI does not independently establish permission to redistribute third-party research data. |