Mohit Gupta commited on
Documents how I constructed the three datasets, their differences, inclusion criteria, and intended research applications.
Browse files
02-Data/03-Analysis_Ready/README.md
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| 1 |
+
# Analysis-Ready Datasets — AffLex-Provo
|
| 2 |
+
|
| 3 |
+
## 1. Overview
|
| 4 |
+
|
| 5 |
+
This directory contains three research datasets constructed
|
| 6 |
+
through the AffLex-Provo computational data preparation and
|
| 7 |
+
triangulation pipeline.
|
| 8 |
+
|
| 9 |
+
The datasets were prepared by Mohit Gupta as part of the
|
| 10 |
+
AffLex-Provo research program at the University of Illinois
|
| 11 |
+
Urbana-Champaign.
|
| 12 |
+
|
| 13 |
+
The construction process integrates three established
|
| 14 |
+
psycholinguistic research resources:
|
| 15 |
+
|
| 16 |
+
1. Provo Corpus — Eye-tracking and predictability information.
|
| 17 |
+
2. SUBTLEX-US — Lexical frequency information.
|
| 18 |
+
3. Warriner et al. (2013) — Valence, arousal, and dominance norms.
|
| 19 |
+
|
| 20 |
+
The resulting datasets support investigations of lexical
|
| 21 |
+
and affective influences on eye-movement behavior during
|
| 22 |
+
natural reading.
|
| 23 |
+
|
| 24 |
+
The three datasets represent different levels of predictor
|
| 25 |
+
availability and analytical eligibility.
|
| 26 |
+
|
| 27 |
+
---
|
| 28 |
+
|
| 29 |
+
## 2. Dataset Inventory
|
| 30 |
+
|
| 31 |
+
| Dataset | Description | Intended Research Application |
|
| 32 |
+
|---|---|---|
|
| 33 |
+
| `01-Master_Provo.csv` | Complete triangulated Provo dataset, retaining observations regardless of lexical or affective norm availability. | General corpus research and coverage analyses |
|
| 34 |
+
| `02_Lexical_Provo.csv` | Subset with complete mandatory lexical predictors. | Lexical Provo research program |
|
| 35 |
+
| `03_Affective_Provo.csv` | Subset with complete mandatory lexical and affective predictors. | Affective Provo research program |
|
| 36 |
+
|
| 37 |
+
All three datasets were generated through the
|
| 38 |
+
AffLex-Provo computational preparation workflow.
|
| 39 |
+
|
| 40 |
+
The datasets share a common source corpus but differ
|
| 41 |
+
in their predictor-completeness requirements.
|
| 42 |
+
|
| 43 |
+
---
|
| 44 |
+
|
| 45 |
+
## 3. Source Research Datasets
|
| 46 |
+
|
| 47 |
+
### 3.1 Provo Corpus
|
| 48 |
+
|
| 49 |
+
The Provo Corpus provides eye-tracking observations
|
| 50 |
+
and word predictability information collected during
|
| 51 |
+
natural reading.
|
| 52 |
+
|
| 53 |
+
Original publication:
|
| 54 |
+
|
| 55 |
+
Luke, S. G., & Christianson, K. (2018).
|
| 56 |
+
|
| 57 |
+
The Provo Corpus: A large eye-tracking corpus with
|
| 58 |
+
predictability norms.
|
| 59 |
+
|
| 60 |
+
*Behavior Research Methods, 50*, 826–833.
|
| 61 |
+
|
| 62 |
+
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0908-4
|
| 63 |
+
|
| 64 |
+
### 3.2 SUBTLEX-US
|
| 65 |
+
|
| 66 |
+
SUBTLEX-US provides lexical frequency information
|
| 67 |
+
derived from American English subtitles.
|
| 68 |
+
|
| 69 |
+
Original publication:
|
| 70 |
+
|
| 71 |
+
Brysbaert, M., & New, B. (2009).
|
| 72 |
+
|
| 73 |
+
Moving beyond Kučera and Francis: A critical evaluation
|
| 74 |
+
of current word frequency norms and the introduction
|
| 75 |
+
of a new and improved word frequency measure for
|
| 76 |
+
American English.
|
| 77 |
+
|
| 78 |
+
*Behavior Research Methods, 41*, 977–990.
|
| 79 |
+
|
| 80 |
+
https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.977
|
| 81 |
+
|
| 82 |
+
### 3.3 Warriner Affective Norms
|
| 83 |
+
|
| 84 |
+
Warriner et al. (2013) provide affective ratings
|
| 85 |
+
for English lemmas across three dimensions:
|
| 86 |
+
|
| 87 |
+
- Valence
|
| 88 |
+
- Arousal
|
| 89 |
+
- Dominance
|
| 90 |
+
|
| 91 |
+
Original publication:
|
| 92 |
+
|
| 93 |
+
Warriner, A. B., Kuperman, V., & Brysbaert, M. (2013).
|
| 94 |
+
|
| 95 |
+
Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for
|
| 96 |
+
13,915 English lemmas.
|
| 97 |
+
|
| 98 |
+
*Behavior Research Methods, 45*, 1191–1207.
|
| 99 |
+
|
| 100 |
+
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0314-x
|
| 101 |
+
|
| 102 |
+
---
|
| 103 |
+
|
| 104 |
+
## 4. Computational Dataset Construction
|
| 105 |
+
|
| 106 |
+
The datasets were constructed using the AffLex-Provo
|
| 107 |
+
Python preprocessing and triangulation pipeline.
|
| 108 |
+
|
| 109 |
+
The workflow includes:
|
| 110 |
+
|
| 111 |
+
1. Loading the original research datasets.
|
| 112 |
+
2. Standardizing lexical identifiers.
|
| 113 |
+
3. Evaluating vocabulary overlap.
|
| 114 |
+
4. Identifying missing lexical entries.
|
| 115 |
+
5. Applying lexical normalization and lemmatization.
|
| 116 |
+
6. Resolving duplicate lexical entries before merging.
|
| 117 |
+
7. Integrating SUBTLEX-US frequency information.
|
| 118 |
+
8. Integrating Warriner affective norms.
|
| 119 |
+
9. Generating lexical coverage indicators.
|
| 120 |
+
10. Validating dataset integrity.
|
| 121 |
+
11. Evaluating predictor completeness.
|
| 122 |
+
12. Exporting the three research datasets.
|
| 123 |
+
|
| 124 |
+
The corresponding computational notebook is:
|
| 125 |
+
|
| 126 |
+
`02-Build_Master+Lexical+Affective_Provo(2).ipynb`
|
| 127 |
+
|
| 128 |
+
The notebook documents the computational procedures
|
| 129 |
+
used to generate these datasets.
|
| 130 |
+
|
| 131 |
+
---
|
| 132 |
+
|
| 133 |
+
## 5. Dataset 1 — Master Provo
|
| 134 |
+
|
| 135 |
+
**Filename:** `01-Master_Provo.csv`
|
| 136 |
+
|
| 137 |
+
### Purpose
|
| 138 |
+
|
| 139 |
+
The Master Provo dataset provides the complete
|
| 140 |
+
triangulated research resource.
|
| 141 |
+
|
| 142 |
+
It combines Provo eye-tracking observations with
|
| 143 |
+
available lexical frequency and affective norming
|
| 144 |
+
information.
|
| 145 |
+
|
| 146 |
+
### Construction
|
| 147 |
+
|
| 148 |
+
The master dataset is generated using validated
|
| 149 |
+
many-to-one lexical merges.
|
| 150 |
+
|
| 151 |
+
The primary standardized lexical identifier is:
|
| 152 |
+
|
| 153 |
+
`Word_Norm_lower_lemma`
|
| 154 |
+
|
| 155 |
+
The merge procedure retains the original Provo
|
| 156 |
+
token-level observations.
|
| 157 |
+
|
| 158 |
+
### Coverage Indicators
|
| 159 |
+
|
| 160 |
+
The dataset includes indicators documenting
|
| 161 |
+
lexical norm availability:
|
| 162 |
+
|
| 163 |
+
| Variable | Meaning |
|
| 164 |
+
|---|---|
|
| 165 |
+
| `Has_SUBTLEX` | Availability of SUBTLEX-US frequency information |
|
| 166 |
+
| `Has_VAD` | Availability of Warriner affective norms |
|
| 167 |
+
| `Has_FULL_NORMS` | Availability of both SUBTLEX-US and VAD information |
|
| 168 |
+
|
| 169 |
+
### Filtering
|
| 170 |
+
|
| 171 |
+
No analysis-specific filtering is applied.
|
| 172 |
+
|
| 173 |
+
Observations are retained even when lexical
|
| 174 |
+
or affective information is unavailable.
|
| 175 |
+
|
| 176 |
+
This dataset is appropriate for:
|
| 177 |
+
|
| 178 |
+
- Corpus-level descriptive analyses.
|
| 179 |
+
- Vocabulary coverage investigations.
|
| 180 |
+
- Missingness analyses.
|
| 181 |
+
- Alternative preprocessing strategies.
|
| 182 |
+
- Construction of additional analytical subsets.
|
| 183 |
+
|
| 184 |
+
---
|
| 185 |
+
|
| 186 |
+
## 6. Dataset 2 — Lexical Provo
|
| 187 |
+
|
| 188 |
+
**Filename:** `02_Lexical_Provo.csv`
|
| 189 |
+
|
| 190 |
+
### Purpose
|
| 191 |
+
|
| 192 |
+
The Lexical Provo dataset supports investigations
|
| 193 |
+
of conventional lexical predictors of eye movements.
|
| 194 |
+
|
| 195 |
+
### Mandatory Predictors
|
| 196 |
+
|
| 197 |
+
| Variable | Description |
|
| 198 |
+
|---|---|
|
| 199 |
+
| `Word_Length` | Word length |
|
| 200 |
+
| `Response_Proportion` | Contextual word predictability |
|
| 201 |
+
| `Lg10WF` | Log-transformed lexical frequency |
|
| 202 |
+
|
| 203 |
+
### Inclusion Criteria
|
| 204 |
+
|
| 205 |
+
Observations must satisfy:
|
| 206 |
+
|
| 207 |
+
1. `Has_SUBTLEX == True`
|
| 208 |
+
2. Nonmissing `Word_Length`
|
| 209 |
+
3. Nonmissing `Response_Proportion`
|
| 210 |
+
4. Nonmissing `Lg10WF`
|
| 211 |
+
|
| 212 |
+
### Important Filtering Policy
|
| 213 |
+
|
| 214 |
+
Eye-tracking outcomes are not used to determine
|
| 215 |
+
inclusion in the exported Lexical Provo dataset.
|
| 216 |
+
|
| 217 |
+
The dataset retains:
|
| 218 |
+
|
| 219 |
+
- Skipped observations.
|
| 220 |
+
- Zero-dwell-time observations.
|
| 221 |
+
- Observations with missing eye-tracking outcomes.
|
| 222 |
+
|
| 223 |
+
Outcome-specific filtering must be performed
|
| 224 |
+
during subsequent statistical analysis.
|
| 225 |
+
|
| 226 |
+
---
|
| 227 |
+
|
| 228 |
+
## 7. Dataset 3 — Affective Provo
|
| 229 |
+
|
| 230 |
+
**Filename:** `03_Affective_Provo.csv`
|
| 231 |
+
|
| 232 |
+
### Purpose
|
| 233 |
+
|
| 234 |
+
The Affective Provo dataset supports investigations
|
| 235 |
+
of lexical and affective influences on eye movements.
|
| 236 |
+
|
| 237 |
+
### Mandatory Lexical Predictors
|
| 238 |
+
|
| 239 |
+
| Variable | Description |
|
| 240 |
+
|---|---|
|
| 241 |
+
| `Word_Length` | Word length |
|
| 242 |
+
| `Response_Proportion` | Contextual word predictability |
|
| 243 |
+
| `Lg10WF` | Log-transformed lexical frequency |
|
| 244 |
+
|
| 245 |
+
### Mandatory Affective Predictors
|
| 246 |
+
|
| 247 |
+
| Variable | Description |
|
| 248 |
+
|---|---|
|
| 249 |
+
| `V.Mean.Y` | Mean valence rating |
|
| 250 |
+
| `A.Mean.Y` | Mean arousal rating |
|
| 251 |
+
| `D.Mean.Y` | Mean dominance rating |
|
| 252 |
+
|
| 253 |
+
### Inclusion Criteria
|
| 254 |
+
|
| 255 |
+
Observations must satisfy:
|
| 256 |
+
|
| 257 |
+
1. `Has_FULL_NORMS == True`
|
| 258 |
+
2. Complete mandatory lexical predictors.
|
| 259 |
+
3. Complete mandatory affective predictors.
|
| 260 |
+
|
| 261 |
+
### Important Filtering Policy
|
| 262 |
+
|
| 263 |
+
The exported dataset retains eye-tracking observations
|
| 264 |
+
regardless of their outcome-specific eligibility.
|
| 265 |
+
|
| 266 |
+
This includes:
|
| 267 |
+
|
| 268 |
+
- Skipped observations.
|
| 269 |
+
- Zero-dwell-time observations.
|
| 270 |
+
- Missing eye-tracking measurements.
|
| 271 |
+
|
| 272 |
+
The appropriate filtering procedures are applied
|
| 273 |
+
separately for each statistical outcome.
|
| 274 |
+
|
| 275 |
+
---
|
| 276 |
+
|
| 277 |
+
## 8. Eye-Tracking Analysis Considerations
|
| 278 |
+
|
| 279 |
+
The exported datasets are predictor-complete
|
| 280 |
+
research resources.
|
| 281 |
+
|
| 282 |
+
They are not automatically the final datasets
|
| 283 |
+
used in every statistical model.
|
| 284 |
+
|
| 285 |
+
### Fixation Duration Analyses
|
| 286 |
+
|
| 287 |
+
Duration analyses may require:
|
| 288 |
+
|
| 289 |
+
- Valid outcome measurements.
|
| 290 |
+
- Positive fixation or dwell-time values.
|
| 291 |
+
- Complete model predictors.
|
| 292 |
+
- Appropriate grouping identifiers.
|
| 293 |
+
|
| 294 |
+
### Skipping Analyses
|
| 295 |
+
|
| 296 |
+
Skipping analyses must preserve both skipped
|
| 297 |
+
and non-skipped observations.
|
| 298 |
+
|
| 299 |
+
Filtering the dataset to positive dwell times
|
| 300 |
+
before modeling skipping behavior would remove
|
| 301 |
+
important observations.
|
| 302 |
+
|
| 303 |
+
### Regression Analyses
|
| 304 |
+
|
| 305 |
+
Regression-related analyses require eligibility
|
| 306 |
+
criteria appropriate to the specific regression
|
| 307 |
+
outcome and statistical model.
|
| 308 |
+
|
| 309 |
+
### Reporting Requirements
|
| 310 |
+
|
| 311 |
+
Researchers should report the actual number of
|
| 312 |
+
observations included in each statistical model.
|
| 313 |
+
|
| 314 |
+
The total number of rows in an exported dataset
|
| 315 |
+
should not automatically be reported as the
|
| 316 |
+
sample size for every analysis.
|
| 317 |
+
|
| 318 |
+
---
|
| 319 |
+
|
| 320 |
+
## 9. Dataset Integrity and Validation
|
| 321 |
+
|
| 322 |
+
The construction pipeline includes procedures
|
| 323 |
+
designed to preserve structural integrity.
|
| 324 |
+
|
| 325 |
+
These include:
|
| 326 |
+
|
| 327 |
+
- Standardized lexical matching.
|
| 328 |
+
- Duplicate resolution.
|
| 329 |
+
- Validated many-to-one merges.
|
| 330 |
+
- Row-count verification.
|
| 331 |
+
- Lexical coverage diagnostics.
|
| 332 |
+
- Predictor completeness checks.
|
| 333 |
+
- Missingness evaluation.
|
| 334 |
+
- Final column standardization.
|
| 335 |
+
|
| 336 |
+
The master dataset retains the original
|
| 337 |
+
token-level structure during lexical integration.
|
| 338 |
+
|
| 339 |
+
The Lexical Provo and Affective Provo datasets
|
| 340 |
+
apply additional predictor-completeness criteria.
|
| 341 |
+
|
| 342 |
+
---
|
| 343 |
+
|
| 344 |
+
## 10. Reproducibility
|
| 345 |
+
|
| 346 |
+
The three datasets were generated using the
|
| 347 |
+
AffLex-Provo data preparation pipeline.
|
| 348 |
+
|
| 349 |
+
Researchers seeking to reproduce their construction
|
| 350 |
+
should consult the corresponding preprocessing
|
| 351 |
+
notebooks and source documentation.
|
| 352 |
+
|
| 353 |
+
Reproduction requires access to the applicable
|
| 354 |
+
original research datasets and compatible
|
| 355 |
+
computational dependencies.
|
| 356 |
+
|
| 357 |
+
The preparation workflow was executed using
|
| 358 |
+
personally owned computing resources.
|
| 359 |
+
|
| 360 |
+
Subsequent statistical analyses used a combination
|
| 361 |
+
of personal computing resources and Illinois Computes.
|
| 362 |
+
|
| 363 |
+
Those statistical computing environments are
|
| 364 |
+
documented separately.
|
| 365 |
+
|
| 366 |
+
---
|
| 367 |
+
|
| 368 |
+
## 11. Licensing and Attribution
|
| 369 |
+
|
| 370 |
+
The datasets contain information originating from
|
| 371 |
+
previously published research resources.
|
| 372 |
+
|
| 373 |
+
The AffLex-Provo project contributes computational
|
| 374 |
+
preprocessing, integration, validation, and
|
| 375 |
+
dataset construction procedures.
|
| 376 |
+
|
| 377 |
+
Original contributions may be licensed separately
|
| 378 |
+
where the contributors possess the necessary rights.
|
| 379 |
+
|
| 380 |
+
Underlying third-party data remain subject to
|
| 381 |
+
their applicable original licenses and
|
| 382 |
+
redistribution permissions.
|
| 383 |
+
|
| 384 |
+
See:
|
| 385 |
+
|
| 386 |
+
[Analysis-Ready Dataset Licensing](AnalysisReadyDataLicense.md)
|
| 387 |
+
|
| 388 |
+
[Original Dataset Citations](../01-Raw/MandatoryCitations.md)
|
| 389 |
+
|
| 390 |
+
---
|
| 391 |
+
|
| 392 |
+
## 12. Scholarly Citation
|
| 393 |
+
|
| 394 |
+
Researchers using original AffLex-Provo contributions
|
| 395 |
+
are encouraged to cite the corresponding publication.
|
| 396 |
+
|
| 397 |
+
Gupta, M., & Christianson, K. (in press).
|
| 398 |
+
|
| 399 |
+
Beyond word length, frequency, and predictability:
|
| 400 |
+
Affective properties predict eye movement in reading.
|
| 401 |
+
|
| 402 |
+
*Reading Research Quarterly.*
|
| 403 |
+
|
| 404 |
+
DOI: Pending assignment.
|
| 405 |
+
|
| 406 |
+
Researchers should additionally cite the original
|
| 407 |
+
data sources relevant to their analyses.
|
| 408 |
+
|
| 409 |
+
---
|
| 410 |
+
|
| 411 |
+
## 13. Repository Information
|
| 412 |
+
|
| 413 |
+
**Repository:** AffLex-Provo
|
| 414 |
+
|
| 415 |
+
**Dataset Preparation:** Mohit Gupta
|
| 416 |
+
|
| 417 |
+
**Institution:** University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
|
| 418 |
+
|
| 419 |
+
**Repository URL:**
|
| 420 |
+
https://huggingface.co/datasets/mohitg2/AffLex-Provo
|
| 421 |
+
|
| 422 |
+
**Documentation Version:** 1.0
|
| 423 |
+
|
| 424 |
+
**Last Updated:** October 2026
|