Datasets:
Dataset card: Into the Unknown, concise, current links
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README.md
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license: other
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license_name: mixed
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license_link: LICENSE
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data_files: trajectories/index.csv
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#
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**
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published (or recently submitted) scientific paper and a follow-up research direction proposed by the paper's own
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author. The agent has to carry out the research and write the follow-up paper. Code, rubrics and graders:
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[GitHub](https://github.com/prometheus-eval/national-lab-bench). Leaderboard and every judge verdict:
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[website](https://prometheus-eval.github.io/national-lab-bench/).
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| `benchmark/` | The 15 tasks: `paper<i>/task_spec.md`, the original paper (`paper.pdf`, its text `paper.md`, figures `images/`) and `index.csv`
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| `outcomes/` | The
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`glm-5.3`.
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```bash
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cd file_systems/astra-6/paper3
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cat view.tar.part-* > view.tar && tar -xf view.tar # proposal/ and workdir_outside_proposal/
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```
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SHA-256, so a download can be checked file by file.
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- `outcomes/fable-5/paper8.pdf`
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they are blacked out here. All other PDFs are byte-identical to the submissions.
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- Files written on the compute cluster can contain absolute paths of the cluster's file system.
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- `file_systems/opus-5.5/paper12`
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## License
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Task specifications, rubrics and this dataset's own documentation are released under the Apache-2.0 license of the
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GitHub repository. The original papers in `benchmark/` remain under their authors' and publishers' terms and are
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included for research use. Agent outputs (`outcomes/`, `file_systems/`) may contain third-party code and data the
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agents downloaded, which keep their own licenses.
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---
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pretty_name: Into the Unknown
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license: other
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license_name: mixed
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license_link: LICENSE
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data_files: trajectories/index.csv
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---
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# Into the Unknown
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**Dataset Summary**
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Into the Unknown tests whether AI agents can build on a scientist's work and write a follow-up paper. Each of its 15 tasks gives an agent a published (or recently submitted) paper and a follow-up research direction proposed by the paper's own author; the agent must carry out the research and write a follow-up paper that is honest, complete, and meets the scientist's bar.
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This dataset holds the 15 tasks and everything nine agents produced on them: 135 submissions, with each agent's paper, full trajectory, and the files it wrote. Code, rubrics and graders are on [GitHub](https://github.com/prometheus-eval/into-the-unknown); the paper is coming soon.
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**Supported Tasks and Leaderboards**
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The task is open-ended research: given the paper and the direction, produce the follow-up paper. The [leaderboard](https://prometheus-eval.github.io/into-the-unknown/viewer/#/) shows every agent's results and every rubric verdict, and you can [submit your agent's paper](https://prometheus-eval.github.io/into-the-unknown/viewer/#/submit) to be evaluated.
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**Subsets**
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| subset | content |
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| `benchmark/` | The 15 tasks: `paper<i>/task_spec.md`, the original paper (`paper.pdf`, its text `paper.md`, figures `images/`) and `index.csv`. A task's code and data are downloaded by `prepare_tasks.py` in the GitHub repository. |
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| `outcomes/` | The papers the agents wrote, `<agent>/paper<i>.pdf` (the `proposal/report.pdf` the judge read): 131 PDFs, since four GLM-5.3 runs produced none. |
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| `trajectories/` | Each run's `<agent>/paper<i>.json` (run metadata and every agent event), plus the harnesses' own logs (`*.harness_logs.tar`; DeepSeek-V4-Pro's full conversation is here) and the runners' console logs (`*.runner_logs.tar`). |
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| `file_systems/` | Each submission's files as the judge saw them: `proposal/` and the rest of the working directory (`workdir_outside_proposal/`), without environments, caches or the final transcript. `view.tar.part-*` with a SHA-256 `manifest.json`; nine runs add a `supplement.tar` of files the judge's copy lacked. |
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Agents (`<agent>`): `opus-4.8`, `opus-5`, `opus-5.5`, `fable-5`, `sol-5.6`, `astra-6`, `deepseek-v4-pro`, `kimi-k3`, `glm-5.3`.
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**Dataset Structure**
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An example of a `benchmark` datum is as follows:
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```
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paper: (str) - The task id, P1 to P15.
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group: (str) - A: published 2024 or earlier; B: submitted 2026.
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title: (str) - The original paper's title.
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domain, venue, lab: (str) - Its field, venue and the laboratory of its authors.
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citations: (int) - Citations as of September 14, 2026.
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original_paper: (str) - A link to the original paper.
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follow_up_direction: (str) - The research direction the paper's author proposed.
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task_spec, paper_pdf, paper_md: (str) - Paths to the task specification and the original paper in this dataset.
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```
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`outcomes/index.csv` and `trajectories/index.csv` list one row per submission (agent, paper, file, and run metadata).
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**Evaluation**
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Run an agent and judge its submission with the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/prometheus-eval/into-the-unknown):
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```bash
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bash src/solver/run.sh <agent> <paper_id>
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python src/grader/run_codex_judge.py prepare --agents <agent> # then rescope, launch
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```
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To unpack one submission's files:
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```bash
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huggingface-cli download prometheus-eval/into-the-unknown --repo-type dataset \
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--include "file_systems/astra-6/paper3/*" --local-dir .
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cd file_systems/astra-6/paper3 && cat view.tar.part-* > view.tar && tar -xf view.tar
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```
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A few notes specific to this dataset:
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- `outcomes/fable-5/paper8.pdf` has a real person's name, affiliation and e-mail blacked out on its title page; every other PDF is byte-identical to the submission.
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- Files written on the compute cluster can contain absolute paths of the cluster's file system.
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- In `file_systems/opus-5.5/paper12`, two R help pages (`qsreg.html`, `spam.html`) differ only in case from other pages; the archive has the originals, the others are in `supplement.tar`, and `manifest.json` lists both under `checked_against_judge_record.sha256_mismatch`.
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**License**
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Task specifications, rubrics and documentation are released under the Apache-2.0 license of the GitHub repository. The original papers in `benchmark/` remain under their authors' and publishers' terms and are included for research use; agent outputs may contain third-party code and data that keep their own licenses.
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