mirror of https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/

README.md

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ configs:
 **Canonical, always-current version: https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/**
 Machine-readable: https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/data.json — this mirror is a point-in-time copy.
 
-- **Last verified:** 2026-09-28
-- **Stale after:** 2027-09-28 (past this date, prefer the canonical copy —
+- **Last verified:** 2026-09-29
+- **Stale after:** 2027-09-29 (past this date, prefer the canonical copy —
   it re-verifies on a cadence this snapshot does not)
 - **Records:** 51
 
@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ fact plus a short attributed quote linking back to the page that states it.
 ## Sources
 
 - https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table
+- https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&sectionNum=12814.6.
+- https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0322/Sections/0322.05.html
 - https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_9/Article_24/Chapter_3/2026_IC_9-24-3-2.5.html
+- https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/TN/htm/TN.521.htm
 
 ## Fields
 

data/records.jsonl

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 1: In Alabama, the supervising driver must be a parent, guardian, grandparent or driving instructor. At age 16, permit holders may drive with a licensed driver who is at least 21 years old.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "al", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 17 and licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)", "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-6 a.m.", "passenger_restriction": "no more than one passenger", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 17 and licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "AL | 15 Footnote 1 | 6 months Footnote 1 | 50 hours (none with driver education) | 16 | midnight-6 a.m. | no more than one passenger | age 17 and licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17) | age 17 and licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)", "state": "AL", "state_name": "Alabama", "supervised_hours": "50 hours (none with driver education)", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/al/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 3: In Arkansas, 14 year-olds can drive with an instruction permit after passing a written test. After passing a road test they are eligible for a learner's license. Unsupervised driving is not permitted by holders of either the instruction permit or learner's license. The combined holding period for the permit and learner's license is six months. | Footnote 4: In Arkansas, applicants for an intermediate license must be 16 and must be crash/violation-free for six months. Licensees younger than 18 are prohibited from transporting passengers who are unrestrained.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "ar", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "14", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-4 a.m.", "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 21", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "AR | 14 Footnote 3 | 6 months Footnote 3 | none | 16 Footnote 4 | 11 p.m.-4 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 | age 18 | age 18", "state": "AR", "state_name": "Arkansas", "supervised_hours": "none", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ar/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 2: In Arizona, a driver education instructor can authorize an enrolled student who is 15 to drive only while supervised by the authorizing instructor.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "az", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months", "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)", "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "AZ | 15, 6 months Footnote 2 | 6 months | 30 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education) | 16 | midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 secondary enforcement | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)", "state": "AZ", "state_name": "Arizona", "supervised_hours": "30 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education)", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/az/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
-{"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 5: In California, students enrolled in driver education may drive while supervised by an instructor. License applicants who do not take driver education must wait until age 18 for a license. They are not required to go through an intermediate license stage.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "ca", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months", "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)", "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction": "no passengers younger than 20 (limited exception for immediate family) secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "CA | 15, 6 months Footnote 5 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 5 | 11 p.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | no passengers younger than 20 (limited exception for immediate family) secondary enforcement | licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)", "state": "CA", "state_name": "California", "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ca/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
+{"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 5: In California, students enrolled in driver education may drive while supervised by an instructor. License applicants who do not take driver education must wait until age 18 for a license. They are not required to go through an intermediate license stage.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "ca", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months", "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)", "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction": "no passengers younger than 20 (limited exception for immediate family) secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "CA | 15, 6 months Footnote 5 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 5 | 11 p.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | no passengers younger than 20 (limited exception for immediate family) secondary enforcement | licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)", "state": "CA", "state_name": "California", "statute_citation": "12814.6", "statutory_holding_period": "not less than six months", "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ca/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "statute_citation", "statutory_holding_period", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 6: In Colorado, license applicants younger than 18 must have completed driver education within six months of applying for the permit. Applicants who are 18 through 20 years must complete a 4-hour prequalification driver awareness program.", "holding_period": "12 months", "id": "co", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)", "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months—no passengers; second 6 months—no more than one passenger secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "CO | 15 Footnote 6 | 12 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 | midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | first 6 months—no passengers; second 6 months—no more than one passenger secondary enforcement | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)", "state": "CO", "state_name": "Colorado", "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/co/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 7: In Connecticut, either driver education or home training is required for license applicants younger than 18. Permit holders may not carry any passengers aside from the person providing instruction, parents or guardians. Time spent practice driving with a professional instructor counts toward the 40-hour certification requirement. Before an applicant who under 18 may take the driver’s test, parents or guardians must attend two hours of instruction regarding teen driving laws and related issues with such applicant. Anyone 18 years of age or older must hold an adult learner’s permit for three months before obtaining a driver's license.", "holding_period": "6 months (4 months with driver education)", "id": "ct", "intermediate_min_age": "16, 4 months", "learner_min_age": "16", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m. - 5 a.m.", "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months—no passengers other than parents or a driving instructor; second 6 months—no passengers other than parents, driving instructor or members of the immediate family", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 4 mos.)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "CT | 16 Footnote 7 | 6 months Footnote 7 (4 months with driver education) | 40 hours Footnote 7 | 16, 4 months Footnote 7 | 11 p.m. - 5 a.m. | first 6 months—no passengers other than parents or a driving instructor; second 6 months—no passengers other than parents, driving instructor or members of the immediate family | age 18 | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 4 mos.)", "state": "CT", "state_name": "Connecticut", "supervised_hours": "40 hours", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ct/", "verified_fields": ["intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 9: In the District of Columbia, license applicants younger than 21 must go through the intermediate stage until they have completed it or until they turn 21. The learner's stage is mandatory for the intermediate stage. A nighttime restriction (9 p.m.-6 a.m.) applies in the learner stage. | Footnote 10: In the District of Columbia, drivers younger than 18 who have completed the intermediate stage must continue to comply with the nighttime driving restriction until they turn 18. In addition, these drivers may not carry more than 2 passengers younger than 21.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "dc", "intermediate_min_age": "16, 6 months", "learner_min_age": "16", "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)", "nighttime_restriction": "September–June: 11 p.m.-6 a.m. Sun.–Thur., 12:01 a.m.-6 a.m. Sat.–Sun.; July–August: 12:01 a.m.-6 a.m.", "passenger_restriction": "no passengers", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "DC | 16 Footnote 9 | 6 months Footnote 9 | 40 hours in learner’s stage; 10 hours at night in intermediate stage | 16, 6 months Footnote 10 | September–June: 11 p.m.-6 a.m. Sun.–Thur., 12:01 a.m.-6 a.m. Sat.–Sun.; July–August: 12:01 a.m.-6 a.m. Footnote 10 | no passengers Footnote 10 | licensed for 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18) Footnote 10 | licensed 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18) Footnote 10", "state": "DC", "state_name": "District of Columbia", "supervised_hours": "40 hours in learner’s stage; 10 hours at night in intermediate stage", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/dc/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 8: In Delaware, a driver education student does not need a permit to drive with a driver education instructor. After completing the on-road requirements of driver education, a driver education student who is at least 15 years, 10 months may apply for a Driver Education Learner's Permit, which allows the student to drive while supervised by an experienced driver. Upon completion of driver education, and if the student passes both the road and written tests, the student receives a Level 1 permit that for the first six months allows driving only while supervised. There also is a passenger restriction during the first six months of the Level 1 permit. No more than one passenger (family members excepted) is permitted in addition to the supervising driver. The Level 1 permit for the second six months is the equivalent of an intermediate license. During that period, holders may drive unsupervised between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. and may only carry one passenger. Applicants for a driver's license who are younger than 18 must have held a Driver Education Learner's Permit and/or a Level 1 permit for at least 12 months. Driver education is required for all license applicants younger than 18.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "de", "intermediate_min_age": "16, 6 months", "learner_min_age": "16", "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)", "nighttime_restriction": "10 p.m.-6 a.m.", "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "DE | 16 Footnote 8 | 6 months Footnote 8 | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 8 | 16, 6 months Footnote 8 | 10 p.m.-6 a.m. Footnote 8 | no more than 1 passenger Footnote 8 | licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17) | licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)", "state": "DE", "state_name": "Delaware", "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/de/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
-{"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 11: In Florida, learner's permit holders may not drive after sunset for the first three months and thereafter may not drive after 10 p.m. Permit applicants must have completed driver education. Applicants who are 18 years of age or older must complete an approved traffic and substance abuse education course.", "holding_period": "12 months", "id": "fl", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-6 a.m. for 16 year-olds; 1 a.m.-5 a.m. for 17 year-olds", "passenger_restriction": "none", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "none", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "FL | 15 Footnote 11 | 12 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 | 11 p.m.-6 a.m. for 16 year-olds; 1 a.m.-5 a.m. for 17 year-olds | none | age 18 | none", "state": "FL", "state_name": "Florida", "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/fl/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
+{"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 11: In Florida, learner's permit holders may not drive after sunset for the first three months and thereafter may not drive after 10 p.m. Permit applicants must have completed driver education. Applicants who are 18 years of age or older must complete an approved traffic and substance abuse education course.", "holding_period": "12 months", "id": "fl", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-6 a.m. for 16 year-olds; 1 a.m.-5 a.m. for 17 year-olds", "passenger_restriction": "none", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "none", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "FL | 15 Footnote 11 | 12 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 | 11 p.m.-6 a.m. for 16 year-olds; 1 a.m.-5 a.m. for 17 year-olds | none | age 18 | none", "state": "FL", "state_name": "Florida", "statute_citation": "F.S. 322.05", "statutory_holding_period": "at least 12 months", "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/fl/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "statute_citation", "statutory_holding_period", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 12: In Georgia, license applicants younger than 18 must have completed driver education.", "holding_period": "12 months", "id": "ga", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months—no passengers; second 6 months—no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "GA | 15 | 12 months | 40 hours, 6 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 12 | midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | first 6 months—no passengers; second 6 months—no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers secondary enforcement | age 18 | age 18", "state": "GA", "state_name": "Georgia", "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 6 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ga/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 13: In Hawaii, license applicants younger than 18 must have completed driver education.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "hi", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months", "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months and age 17 (min. age: 17)", "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-5 a.m.", "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 (household members excepted)", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months and age 17 (min. age: 17)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "HI | 15, 6 months | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 13 | 11 p.m.-5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 (household members excepted) | licensed for 6 months and age 17 (min. age: 17) | licensed for 6 months and age 17 (min. age: 17)", "state": "HI", "state_name": "Hawaii", "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/hi/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 19: In Iowa, the department may issue a special minor’s restricted license to an applicant between the ages of 14 and 18 years if the applicant has completed driver education or demonstrates hardship and has held an instruction permit for at least 6 months. A special minor’s restricted license limits unsupervised driving to specified locations such as work or school within a 25-mile radius. Under this license, drivers may not transport more than one unrelated minor passenger or operate the vehicle except during the hour before and after the beginning and the end of school, work shift or extracurricular activities as applicable. | Footnote 20: Iowa requires a certification of 10 additional hours of supervised driving during the intermediate stage, two of which must be at night. | Footnote 21: In Iowa, driver education is required for an intermediate license and for an unrestricted license if the applicant is younger than 18. | Footnote 22: In Iowa, parents are permitted to waive at the time of licensure a discretionary six-month passenger limit of no more than one unrelated passenger younger than 18, effective Jan. 1, 2014.", "holding_period": "12 months", "id": "ia", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "14", "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months and age 17 or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)", "nighttime_restriction": "12:30 a.m.-5 a.m.", "passenger_restriction": "parental discretion", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "none", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "IA | 14 Footnote 19 | 12 months | 20 hours, 2 of which must be at night Footnote 20 | 16 Footnote 20 , Footnote 21 | 12:30 a.m.-5 a.m. | parental discretion Footnote 22 | licensed for 12 months and age 17 or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | none", "state": "IA", "state_name": "Iowa", "supervised_hours": "20 hours, 2 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ia/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 65: In South Carolina, applicants 18 and older must hold the learner permit for 30 days before attempting the driving test.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "sc", "intermediate_min_age": "15, 6 months", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)", "nighttime_restriction": "6 p.m.-6 a.m. EST; 8 p.m.-6 a.m. EDT", "passenger_restriction": "no more than 2 passengers younger than 21 unless transporting students to and from school", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "SC | 15 | 6 months Footnote 65 | 40 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 15, 6 months | 6 p.m.-6 a.m. EST; 8 p.m.-6 a.m. EDT | no more than 2 passengers younger than 21 unless transporting students to and from school | licensed for 12 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) | licensed for 12 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)", "state": "SC", "state_name": "South Carolina", "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/sc/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 66: In South Dakota, learner's permit holders may not drive between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. unless under the supervision of a parent or guardian.", "holding_period": "9 months (6 months with driver education)", "id": "sd", "intermediate_min_age": "14, 9 months (14, 6 months with driver education)", "learner_min_age": "14", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 16", "nighttime_restriction": "10 p.m.-6 a.m.", "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months—no passengers; thereafter—no more than 1 passenger younger than 18", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 16, whichever occurs first (min. age: 15, 6 mos.)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "SD | 14 Footnote 66 | 9 months (6 months with driver education) | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night and 10 of which must be during inclement weather | 14, 9 months (14, 6 months with driver education) | 10 p.m.-6 a.m. | first 6 months—no passengers; thereafter—no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 | age 16 | licensed for 6 months or age 16, whichever occurs first (min. age: 15, 6 mos.)", "state": "SD", "state_name": "South Dakota", "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night and 10 of which must be during inclement weather", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/sd/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 67: Learner’s permit holders in Tennessee may not drive from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "tn", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)", "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-6 a.m.", "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "TN | 15 Footnote 67 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 67 | 16 | 11 p.m.-6 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)", "state": "TN", "state_name": "Tennessee", "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/tn/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
-{"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 68: In Texas, people who are 15 or older but under 18 must satisfactorily complete and pass the classroom phase of an approved driver education course to be issued a permit. | Footnote 69: In Texas, the minimum license age is 18 for applicants who have not completed driver education.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "tx", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "TX | 15 Footnote 68 | 6 months | 30 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 69 | midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 secondary enforcement | age 18 | age 18", "state": "TX", "state_name": "Texas", "supervised_hours": "30 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/tx/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
+{"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 68: In Texas, people who are 15 or older but under 18 must satisfactorily complete and pass the classroom phase of an approved driver education course to be issued a permit. | Footnote 69: In Texas, the minimum license age is 18 for applicants who have not completed driver education.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "tx", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "TX | 15 Footnote 68 | 6 months | 30 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 69 | midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 secondary enforcement | age 18 | age 18", "state": "TX", "state_name": "Texas", "statute_citation": "Sec. 521.204", "statutory_holding_period": "at least six months", "supervised_hours": "30 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/tx/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "statute_citation", "statutory_holding_period", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 70: In Utah, permit holders younger than 18 may only drive under the supervision of a driving instructor, parent, step-parent, foster parent, legal guardian or a responsible adult who has accepted liability for the permit holder's driving by signing the permit application. Permit applicants younger than 19 must be enrolled in driver education. | Footnote 71: In Utah, supervised driving in the learner stage may include up to five hours in a driving simulator. | Footnote 72: In Utah, license applicants who are younger than 19 must have completed driver education.", "holding_period": "6 months", "id": "ut", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 17", "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m.", "passenger_restriction": "no passengers secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "UT | 15 Footnote 70 | 6 months | 40 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 70 , Footnote 71 | 16 Footnote 72 | midnight-5 a.m. | no passengers secondary enforcement | age 17 | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)", "state": "UT", "state_name": "Utah", "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ut/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 74: In Virginia, the night driving restriction and passenger restrictions apply to learner's permit holders. | Footnote 75: In Virginia, driver education is required for license applicants younger than 22. Driver education programs for students younger than 18 includes a 90-minute segment for parents. Parental participation is required in Planning District 8 (Northern Virginia) and shall be encouraged but not required outside of Planning District 8. Applicants aged 18-21 must hold a learner’s permit for at least 90 days.", "holding_period": "9 months", "id": "va", "intermediate_min_age": "16, 3 months", "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months", "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-4 a.m. secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction": "first 12 months—no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers younger than 21 secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 18", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "VA | 15, 6 months Footnote 74 | 9 months Footnote 74 | 45 hours, 15 of which must be at night | 16, 3 months Footnote 75 | midnight-4 a.m. Footnote 74 secondary enforcement | first 12 months—no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers younger than 21 secondary enforcement | age 18 | age 18", "state": "VA", "state_name": "Virginia", "supervised_hours": "45 hours, 15 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/va/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}
 {"derived_fields": ["footnotes", "state_name"], "footnotes": "Footnote 73: In Vermont, driver education is required for license applicants younger than 18.", "holding_period": "12 months", "id": "vt", "intermediate_min_age": "16", "learner_min_age": "15", "night_restriction_lifted": "none", "nighttime_restriction": "none", "passenger_restriction": "first 3 months—no passengers without exception; second 3 months—no passengers secondary enforcement", "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)", "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table", "source_quote": "VT | 15 | 12 months | 40 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 73 | none | first 3 months—no passengers without exception; second 3 months—no passengers secondary enforcement | none | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)", "state": "VT", "state_name": "Vermont", "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 10 of which must be at night", "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/vt/", "verified_fields": ["holding_period", "intermediate_min_age", "learner_min_age", "night_restriction_lifted", "nighttime_restriction", "passenger_restriction", "passenger_restriction_lifted", "state", "supervised_hours"]}