Blame for lean/OAI/Computability/BinPacking/Reductions/BinaryNameCompare.lean

import Mathlib.Data.List.Induction
import OAI.Computability.BinPacking.Computation.MachineUnaryEqualityBit

namespace OAI

namespace BinPackingCompleteness.BinaryNameMachine

open Turing
open BinPackingGames.Foundations.Complexity
open MachineComposition
open BinPackingGames.Reduction.MachineTransfer

def frame : List Bool → List Bool
  | [] => [false]
  | bit :: bits => true :: bit :: frame bits

def finalDigit : List Bool → Option Bool → Option Bool
  | [], previous => previous
  | bit :: bits, _ => finalDigit bits (some bit)

def canonical (bits : List Bool) : Bool := (finalDigit bits none).getD true

structure Result where
  accepted : Bool
  remaining : List Bool
  reversedPayload : List Bool
  deriving DecidableEq

def scanSpec : List Bool → List Bool → Option Bool → Result
  | [], acc, _ => ⟨false, [], acc⟩
  | false :: rest, acc, last => ⟨last.getD true, rest, acc⟩
  | [true], acc, _ => ⟨false, [], acc⟩
  | true :: bit :: rest, acc, _ => scanSpec rest (bit :: acc) (some bit)

def steps : List Bool → Nat
  | true :: _ :: rest => steps rest + 1
  | _ => 1

theorem steps_le (input : List Bool) : steps input ≤ input.length + 1 := by
  induction input using List.twoStepInduction with
  | nil => simp [steps]
  | singleton bit => cases bit <;> simp [steps]
  | cons_cons flag bit rest ih _ =>
      cases flag <;> simp only [steps, List.length_cons]
      · omega
      · omega

@[simp] theorem frame_length (bits : List Bool) :
    (frame bits).length = 2 * bits.length + 1 := by
  induction bits with
  | nil => simp [frame]
  | cons bit bits ih => simp only [frame, List.length_cons, ih]; omega

theorem scanSpec_frame (bits suffix acc : List Bool) (last : Option Bool) :
    scanSpec (frame bits ++ suffix) acc last =
      ⟨(finalDigit bits last).getD true, suffix, bits.reverse ++ acc⟩ := by
  induction bits generalizing acc last with
  | nil => simp [frame, scanSpec, finalDigit]
  | cons bit bits ih =>
      simpa [frame, scanSpec, finalDigit, List.reverse_cons, List.append_assoc] using
        ih (bit :: acc) (some bit)

@[simp] theorem steps_frame (bits suffix : List Bool) :
    steps (frame bits ++ suffix) = bits.length + 1 := by
  induction bits with
  | nil => simp [frame, steps]
  | cons bit bits ih => simp [frame, steps, ih]

section Program

variable {K Λ A : Type} [DecidableEq K]

abbrev Alphabet (_ : K) := Bool
abbrev State (A : Type) := A × Option Bool × Option Bool

def clean (ambient : A) : State A := (ambient, none, none)

def exitAt (exit : Option Λ) : TM2.Stmt (Alphabet (K := K)) Λ (State A) :=
  match exit with
  | none => .halt
  | some label => .goto fun _ => label

def finish (exit : Option Λ) : TM2.Stmt (Alphabet (K := K)) Λ (State A) :=
  .load (fun state => clean state.1) (exitAt exit)

def scan (source destination : K) (again : Λ) (accepted rejected : Option Λ) :
    TM2.Stmt (Alphabet (K := K)) Λ (State A) :=
  .pop source (fun state head => (state.1, state.2.1, head))
    (.branch (fun state => state.2.2.isNone)
      (finish rejected)
      (.branch (fun state => state.2.2.getD false)
        (.pop source (fun state head => (state.1, state.2.1, head))
          (.branch (fun state => state.2.2.isSome)
            (.push destination (fun state => state.2.2.getD false)
              (.load (fun state => (state.1, state.2.2, none))
                (.goto fun _ => again)))
            (finish rejected)))
        (.branch (fun state => state.2.1.getD true)
          (finish accepted) (finish rejected))))

@[simp] theorem stepAux_finish (exit : Option Λ) (state : State A)
    (base : K → List Bool) :
    TM2.stepAux (finish exit) state base = ⟨exit, clean state.1, base⟩ := by
  cases exit <;> rfl

private theorem update_source (source destination : K) (distinct : source ≠ destination)
    (base : K → List Bool) (input output replacement : List Bool) :
    Function.update (tapesAt source destination base input output) source replacement =
      tapesAt source destination base replacement output := by
  funext k
  by_cases hs : k = source
  · subst k; simp [tapesAt, distinct]
  · by_cases hd : k = destination
    · subst k; simp [tapesAt, Ne.symm distinct]
    · simp [tapesAt, hs, hd]

private theorem update_destination (source destination : K)
    (base : K → List Bool) (input output replacement : List Bool) :
    Function.update (tapesAt source destination base input output) destination replacement =
      tapesAt source destination base input replacement := by
  simp [tapesAt]

variable (source destination : K) (distinct : source ≠ destination)
variable (again : Λ) (accepted rejected : Option Λ)
variable (program : Λ → TM2.Stmt (Alphabet (K := K)) Λ (State A))
variable (atScan : program again = scan source destination again accepted rejected)
variable (base : K → List Bool) (ambient : A)

include distinct atScan

theorem step_empty (output : List Bool) (last register : Option Bool) :
    TM2.step program
      ⟨some again, (ambient, last, register), tapesAt source destination base [] output⟩ =
      some ⟨rejected, clean ambient, tapesAt source destination base [] output⟩ := by
  change some (TM2.stepAux (program again) _ _) = _
  rw [atScan]
  simp [scan, TM2.stepAux, distinct, update_source]

theorem step_end (rest output : List Bool) (last register : Option Bool) :
    TM2.step program
      ⟨some again, (ambient, last, register),
        tapesAt source destination base (false :: rest) output⟩ =
      some ⟨if last.getD true then accepted else rejected, clean ambient,
        tapesAt source destination base rest output⟩ := by
  change some (TM2.stepAux (program again) _ _) = _
  rw [atScan]
  cases h : last.getD true <;>
    simp [scan, TM2.stepAux, distinct, update_source, h]

theorem step_truncated (output : List Bool) (last register : Option Bool) :
    TM2.step program
      ⟨some again, (ambient, last, register), tapesAt source destination base [true] output⟩ =
      some ⟨rejected, clean ambient, tapesAt source destination base [] output⟩ := by
  change some (TM2.stepAux (program again) _ _) = _
  rw [atScan]
  simp [scan, TM2.stepAux, distinct, update_source]

theorem step_digit (bit : Bool) (rest output : List Bool) (last register : Option Bool) :
    TM2.step program
      ⟨some again, (ambient, last, register),
        tapesAt source destination base (true :: bit :: rest) output⟩ =
      some ⟨some again, (ambient, some bit, none),
        tapesAt source destination base rest (bit :: output)⟩ := by
  change some (TM2.stepAux (program again) _ _) = _
  rw [atScan]
  simp [scan, TM2.stepAux, distinct, update_source, update_destination]

theorem scanTrace (input output : List Bool) (last register : Option Bool) :
    (advance (TM2.step program))^[steps input]
      (some ⟨some again, (ambient, last, register),
        tapesAt source destination base input output⟩) =
      some ⟨if (scanSpec input output last).accepted then accepted else rejected,
        clean ambient, tapesAt source destination base
          (scanSpec input output last).remaining (scanSpec input output last).reversedPayload⟩ := by
  induction input using List.twoStepInduction generalizing output last register with
  | nil =>
      simpa only [steps, scanSpec, Bool.false_eq_true, ite_false,
        Function.iterate_one, advance_some] using
        step_empty source destination distinct again accepted rejected program atScan base ambient
          output last register
  | singleton flag =>
      cases flag
      · have h := step_end source destination distinct again accepted rejected program atScan
          base ambient [] output last register
        cases hlast : last.getD true <;>
          simpa [steps, scanSpec, hlast] using h
      · simpa only [steps, scanSpec, Bool.false_eq_true, ite_false,
          Function.iterate_one, advance_some] using
          step_truncated source destination distinct again accepted rejected program atScan base ambient
            output last register
  | cons_cons flag bit rest ih _ =>
      cases flag
      · have h := step_end source destination distinct again accepted rejected program atScan
          base ambient (bit :: rest) output last register
        cases hlast : last.getD true <;>
          simpa [steps, scanSpec, hlast] using h
      · rw [steps, Function.iterate_succ_apply]
        simp only [advance_some]
        rw [step_digit source destination distinct again accepted rejected program atScan]
        exact ih (bit :: output) (some bit) none

def scanInTime (input output : List Bool) (last register : Option Bool) :
    StateTransition.EvalsToInTime (TM2.step program)
      ⟨some again, (ambient, last, register), tapesAt source destination base input output⟩
      (some ⟨if (scanSpec input output last).accepted then accepted else rejected,
        clean ambient, tapesAt source destination base
          (scanSpec input output last).remaining (scanSpec input output last).reversedPayload⟩)
      (input.length + 1) where
  steps := steps input
  evals_in_steps := scanTrace source destination distinct again accepted rejected program atScan
    base ambient input output last register
  steps_le_m := steps_le input

theorem framedTrace (bits suffix output : List Bool) (register : Option Bool) :
    (advance (TM2.step program))^[bits.length + 1]
      (some ⟨some again, (ambient, none, register),
        tapesAt source destination base (frame bits ++ suffix) output⟩) =
      some ⟨if canonical bits then accepted else rejected, clean ambient,
        tapesAt source destination base suffix (bits.reverse ++ output)⟩ := by
  have h := scanTrace source destination distinct again accepted rejected program atScan
    base ambient (frame bits ++ suffix) output none register
  cases hlast : (finalDigit bits none).getD true <;>
    simpa [steps_frame, scanSpec_frame, canonical, hlast] using h

end Program

def machine : FinTM2 where
  K := Bool
  k₀ := false
  k₁ := true
  Γ _ := Bool
  Λ := Fin 3
  main := 0
  σ := State Unit
  initialState := clean ()
  m label := if label = 0 then scan false true 0 (some 1) (some 2) else .halt

theorem machine_finiteAlphabet (k : machine.K) : Finite (machine.Γ k) := by
  change Finite Bool
  infer_instance

def machineInTime (input output : List Bool) :
    StateTransition.EvalsToInTime machine.step
      ⟨some (0 : Fin 3), clean (), tapesAt false true (fun _ : Bool => []) input output⟩
      (some ⟨if (scanSpec input output none).accepted then some (1 : Fin 3) else some (2 : Fin 3),
        clean (), tapesAt false true (fun _ : Bool => [])
          (scanSpec input output none).remaining (scanSpec input output none).reversedPayload⟩)
      (input.length + 1) :=
  scanInTime false true (by decide) (0 : Fin 3) (some 1) (some 2) machine.m
    (by simp [machine]) (fun _ : Bool => []) () input output none none

end BinPackingCompleteness.BinaryNameMachine

namespace BinPackingCompleteness.BinaryNameCompare

open Turing
open BinPackingGames.Foundations.Complexity
open MachineComposition

variable {K Λ A : Type} [DecidableEq K]

abbrev Alphabet (_ : K) := Bool
abbrev State (A : Type) := (A × Bool × Option Bool) × Option Bool

def clean (ambient : A) : State A := ((ambient, false, none), none)

def scanStateEquiv (A : Type) : BinaryNameMachine.State (A × Bool) ≃ State A where
  toFun s := ((s.1.1, s.1.2, s.2.1), s.2.2)
  invFun s := ((s.1.1, s.1.2.1), s.1.2.2, s.2)
  left_inv := by rintro ⟨⟨a, b⟩, c, d⟩; rfl
  right_inv := by rintro ⟨⟨a, b, c⟩, d⟩; rfl

def compareStateEquiv (A : Type) : MachineCompare.State A ≃ State A where
  toFun s := ((s.1, s.2.1, s.2.2.1), s.2.2.2)
  invFun s := (s.1.1, s.1.2.1, s.1.2.2, s.2)
  left_inv := by rintro ⟨a, b, c, d⟩; rfl
  right_inv := by rintro ⟨⟨a, b, c⟩, d⟩; rfl

inductive Label
  | scan | copyOut | copyBack | compare
  deriving DecidableEq

protected abbrev Label.enumList : List Label := [.scan, .copyOut, .copyBack, .compare]

protected theorem Label.enumList_getElem?_ctorIdx_eq (x : Label) :
    Label.enumList[x.ctorIdx]? = some x := by
  cases x <;> rfl

protected theorem Label.enumList_nodup : Label.enumList.Nodup := by decide

instance : Fintype Label where
  elems := ⟨Label.enumList, Label.enumList_nodup⟩
  complete x := by cases x <;> decide

def instruction (tape : Fin 5 → K) (labels : Label → Λ)
    (equalExit differentExit malformedExit : Option Λ) :
    Label → TM2.Stmt (Alphabet (K := K)) Λ (State A)
  | .scan => MachineStateEquiv.statement (scanStateEquiv A)
      (BinaryNameMachine.scan (tape 0) (tape 2) (labels .scan)
        (some (labels .copyOut)) malformedExit)
  | .copyOut => BinPackingGames.Reduction.MachineTransfer.loopAt (tape 1) (tape 4) id false
      (labels .copyOut) (some (labels .copyBack))
  | .copyBack => MachineCopy.forkLoop (tape 4) (tape 1) (tape 3) false
      (labels .copyBack) (some (labels .compare))
  | .compare => MachineStateEquiv.statement (compareStateEquiv A)
      (MachineCompare.loop (tape 2) (tape 3) (labels .compare) equalExit differentExit)

def steps (payloadLength keyLength : Nat) : Nat :=
  (payloadLength + 1) + 2 * (keyLength + 1) + (max payloadLength keyLength + 1)

theorem steps_le (payloadLength keyLength : Nat) :
    steps payloadLength keyLength ≤ 2 * payloadLength + 3 * keyLength + 4 := by
  unfold steps
  omega

private theorem joinTrace {X : Type*} {f : X → X} {a b c : X} {n m : Nat}
    (first : f^[n] a = b) (second : f^[m] b = c) : f^[n + m] a = c := by
  rw [Nat.add_comm, Function.iterate_add_apply, first, second]

theorem compareTrace (tape : Fin 5 → K) (distinct : Function.Injective tape)
    (labels : Label → Λ) (equalExit differentExit malformedExit : Option Λ)
    (program : Λ → TM2.Stmt (Alphabet (K := K)) Λ (State A))
    (atLabels : ∀ l, program (labels l) =
      instruction tape labels equalExit differentExit malformedExit l)
    (base : K → List Bool) (bits suffix key : List Bool)
    (canonical : BinaryNameMachine.canonical bits = true)
    (sourceWord : base (tape 0) = BinaryNameMachine.frame bits ++ suffix)
    (keyWord : base (tape 1) = key)
    (candidateEmpty : base (tape 2) = []) (copyEmpty : base (tape 3) = [])
    (scratchEmpty : base (tape 4) = []) (ambient : A) :
    (advance (TM2.step program))^[steps bits.length key.length]
      (some ⟨some (labels .scan), clean ambient, base⟩) =
      some ⟨if bits.reverse = key then equalExit else differentExit,
        clean ambient, Function.update base (tape 0) suffix⟩ := by
  have hd (i j : Fin 5) (hne : i ≠ j) : tape i ≠ tape j := fun h => hne (distinct h)
  let finalBase := Function.update base (tape 0) suffix
  let afterScan := Function.update finalBase (tape 2) bits.reverse
  let afterCopy := Function.update afterScan (tape 3) key
  have scanRun : (advance (TM2.step program))^[bits.length + 1]
      (some ⟨some (labels .scan), clean ambient, base⟩) =
      some ⟨some (labels .copyOut), clean ambient, afterScan⟩ := by
    let back := MachineStateEquiv.program (scanStateEquiv A).symm program
    have atScan : back (labels .scan) =
        BinaryNameMachine.scan (tape 0) (tape 2) (labels .scan)
          (some (labels .copyOut)) malformedExit := by
      change MachineStateEquiv.statement (scanStateEquiv A).symm
        (program (labels .scan)) = _
      rw [atLabels .scan]
      exact MachineStateEquiv.statement_symm_statement (scanStateEquiv A) _
    have backForward : MachineStateEquiv.program (scanStateEquiv A) back = program := by
      funext l
      change MachineStateEquiv.statement (scanStateEquiv A)
        (MachineStateEquiv.statement (scanStateEquiv A).symm (program l)) = _
      simpa only [Equiv.symm_symm] using
        MachineStateEquiv.statement_symm_statement (scanStateEquiv A).symm (program l)
    have initialTapes : BinPackingGames.Reduction.MachineTransfer.tapesAt (tape 0) (tape 2)
        base (BinaryNameMachine.frame bits ++ suffix) [] = base := by
      rw [← sourceWord, ← candidateEmpty]
      exact BinPackingGames.Reduction.MachineTransfer.tapesAt_self _ _ _
    have native := BinaryNameMachine.framedTrace (tape 0) (tape 2) (hd 0 2 (by decide))
      (labels .scan) (some (labels .copyOut)) malformedExit back atScan base (ambient, false)
      bits suffix [] none
    simp only [canonical, ↓reduceIte, initialTapes, List.append_nil] at native
    have transported := MachineStateEquiv.trace (scanStateEquiv A) back _ _ _ native
    rw [backForward] at transported
    simpa only [MachineStateEquiv.configuration, scanStateEquiv, Equiv.coe_fn_mk, BinaryNameMachine.clean,
      clean, afterScan, finalBase, BinPackingGames.Reduction.MachineTransfer.tapesAt] using transported
  have afterScanKey : afterScan (tape 1) = key := by
    simpa [afterScan, finalBase, hd 1 2 (by decide), hd 1 0 (by decide)] using keyWord
  have afterScanCopy : afterScan (tape 3) = [] := by
    simpa [afterScan, finalBase, hd 3 2 (by decide), hd 3 0 (by decide)] using copyEmpty
  have afterScanScratch : afterScan (tape 4) = [] := by
    simpa [afterScan, finalBase, hd 4 2 (by decide), hd 4 0 (by decide)] using scratchEmpty
  have copyRun : (advance (TM2.step program))^[2 * (key.length + 1)]
      (some ⟨some (labels .copyOut), clean ambient, afterScan⟩) =
      some ⟨some (labels .compare), clean ambient, afterCopy⟩ := by
    have h := MachineCopy.copyTrace (tape 1) (tape 3) (tape 4)
      (hd 1 3 (by decide)) (hd 1 4 (by decide)) (hd 3 4 (by decide)) false
      (labels .copyOut) (labels .copyBack) (some (labels .compare)) program
      (atLabels .copyOut) (atLabels .copyBack) afterScan afterScanScratch
      (ambient, false, none) none
    simpa only [afterScanKey, afterScanCopy, List.append_nil, clean, afterCopy] using h
  have candidateWord : afterCopy (tape 2) = bits.reverse := by
    simp [afterCopy, afterScan, hd 2 3 (by decide)]
  have copiedWord : afterCopy (tape 3) = key := by simp [afterCopy]
  have restored : BinPackingGames.Reduction.MachineTransfer.tapesAt (tape 2) (tape 3)
      afterCopy [] [] = finalBase := by
    funext k
    by_cases hc : k = tape 2
    · subst k
      simp [BinPackingGames.Reduction.MachineTransfer.tapesAt, afterCopy, afterScan, finalBase,
        hd 2 3 (by decide), hd 2 0 (by decide), candidateEmpty]
    · by_cases hk : k = tape 3
      · subst k
        simp [BinPackingGames.Reduction.MachineTransfer.tapesAt, afterCopy, afterScan, finalBase,
          hd 3 0 (by decide), copyEmpty]
      · simp [BinPackingGames.Reduction.MachineTransfer.tapesAt, afterCopy, afterScan, hc, hk]
  have comparisonRun : (advance (TM2.step program))^[max bits.length key.length + 1]
      (some ⟨some (labels .compare), clean ambient, afterCopy⟩) =
      some ⟨if bits.reverse = key then equalExit else differentExit,
        clean ambient, finalBase⟩ := by
    let back := MachineStateEquiv.program (compareStateEquiv A).symm program
    have atCompare : back (labels .compare) =
        MachineCompare.loop (tape 2) (tape 3) (labels .compare) equalExit differentExit := by
      change MachineStateEquiv.statement (compareStateEquiv A).symm
        (program (labels .compare)) = _
      rw [atLabels .compare]
      exact MachineStateEquiv.statement_symm_statement (compareStateEquiv A) _
    have backForward : MachineStateEquiv.program (compareStateEquiv A) back = program := by
      funext l
      change MachineStateEquiv.statement (compareStateEquiv A)
        (MachineStateEquiv.statement (compareStateEquiv A).symm (program l)) = _
      simpa only [Equiv.symm_symm] using
        MachineStateEquiv.statement_symm_statement (compareStateEquiv A).symm (program l)
    have native := MachineCompare.compareTrace_fromTapes (tape 2) (tape 3)
      (hd 2 3 (by decide)) (labels .compare) equalExit differentExit back atCompare afterCopy
      ambient none none
    rw [candidateWord, copiedWord, restored, List.length_reverse] at native
    have transported := MachineStateEquiv.trace (compareStateEquiv A) back _ _ _ native
    rw [backForward] at transported
    simpa only [MachineStateEquiv.configuration, compareStateEquiv, Equiv.coe_fn_mk, clean] using transported
  exact joinTrace (joinTrace scanRun copyRun) comparisonRun

def compareInTime (tape : Fin 5 → K) (distinct : Function.Injective tape)
    (labels : Label → Λ) (equalExit differentExit malformedExit : Option Λ)
    (program : Λ → TM2.Stmt (Alphabet (K := K)) Λ (State A))
    (atLabels : ∀ l, program (labels l) =
      instruction tape labels equalExit differentExit malformedExit l)
    (base : K → List Bool) (bits suffix key : List Bool)
    (canonical : BinaryNameMachine.canonical bits = true)
    (sourceWord : base (tape 0) = BinaryNameMachine.frame bits ++ suffix)
    (keyWord : base (tape 1) = key)
    (candidateEmpty : base (tape 2) = []) (copyEmpty : base (tape 3) = [])
    (scratchEmpty : base (tape 4) = []) (ambient : A) :
    StateTransition.EvalsToInTime (TM2.step program)
      ⟨some (labels .scan), clean ambient, base⟩
      (some ⟨if bits.reverse = key then equalExit else differentExit,
        clean ambient, Function.update base (tape 0) suffix⟩)
      (2 * bits.length + 3 * key.length + 4) where
  steps := steps bits.length key.length
  evals_in_steps := compareTrace tape distinct labels equalExit differentExit malformedExit
    program atLabels base bits suffix key canonical sourceWord keyWord
    candidateEmpty copyEmpty scratchEmpty ambient
  steps_le_m := steps_le bits.length key.length

def machine : FinTM2 where
  K := Fin 5
  k₀ := 0
  k₁ := 1
  Γ _ := Bool
  Λ := Label ⊕ Fin 3
  main := .inl .scan
  σ := State Unit
  initialState := clean ()
  m label := match label with
    | .inl l => instruction id Sum.inl (some (.inr 0)) (some (.inr 1)) (some (.inr 2)) l
    | .inr _ => .halt

theorem machine_finiteAlphabet (k : machine.K) : Finite (machine.Γ k) := by
  change Finite Bool
  infer_instance

end BinPackingCompleteness.BinaryNameCompare

end OAI