File size: 20,999 Bytes
e3e0a0d
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
import Mathlib
import OAI.RingTheory.Multiplicity.AlternatingCechAlt

namespace OAI

section
noncomputable section
open CategoryTheory CategoryTheory.Limits HomologicalComplex
open CategoryTheory CategoryTheory.Limits
open scoped ENNReal ZeroObject
open CategoryTheory
attribute [local instance] Classical.propDecidable
open CategoryTheory CategoryTheory.Limits CategoryTheory.ComposableArrows
open HomologicalComplex HomologicalComplex.HomologySequence CategoryTheory.Abelian
open scoped BigOperators
namespace Lech.AlternatingCech
open CategoryTheory CategoryTheory.Limits HomologicalComplex
open scoped BigOperators
universe u
variable (R : Type u) [CommRing R] (M : Type u) [AddCommGroup M] [Module R M]
variable {ι : Type} [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι]
def post (n : ℕ) (P : M →ₗ[R] M) : Alt R M (ι:=ι) n →ₗ[R] Alt R M (ι:=ι) n where
  toFun f := P.compAlternatingMap f
  map_add' _ _ := by ext v;exact P.map_add _ _
  map_smul' r f := by ext v;exact P.map_smul r (f v)
omit [DecidableEq ι] in
lemma evaluation_post (n : ℕ) (P : M →ₗ[R] M) (f : Alt R M (ι:=ι) n) (a : Fin n → ι) :
    evaluation R M n (post R M n P f) a=P (evaluation R M n f a) := rfl
lemma delta_post (n : ℕ) (P : M →ₗ[R] M) (f : Alt R M (ι:=ι) n) :
    delta R M n (post R M n P f)=post R M (n+1) P (delta R M n f) := by
  apply evaluation_injective R M (n+1)
  ext a
  rw [evaluation_delta,evaluation_post,evaluation_delta]
  change (∑ i : Fin (n+1),(-1:R)^i.val • evaluation R M n (post R M n P f) (a ∘ i.succAbove)) =
    P (∑ i : Fin (n+1),(-1:R)^i.val • evaluation R M n f (a ∘ i.succAbove))
  simp only [map_sum,map_smul]
  apply Finset.sum_congr rfl
  intro i _
  rw [evaluation_post]
variable (F : Finset ι → Submodule R M) (hF : Monotone F)
variable (P : ι → M →ₗ[R] M) (hP : ∀ x,∑ j,P j x=x)
  (hmem : ∀ s j x,x∈F (insert j s) → P j x∈F s)
include hP hmem in
 

lemma projection_exact (n : ℕ) (f : cochains R M F (n+1)) (hf : delta R M (n+1) f.val=0) :
    ∃ g : cochains R M F n,delta R M n g.val=f.val := by
  let g : Alt R M (ι:=ι) n := ∑ j,post R M n (P j) (extra R M j n f.val)
  have hg : g∈cochains R M F n := by
    intro a
    change evaluation R M n g a∈F (FiniteCoverCech.intersection a)
    simp only [g,map_sum,Finset.sum_apply,evaluation_post,evaluation_extra]
    apply (F _).sum_mem
    intro j _
    apply hmem _ j _
    have hj := f.property (Fin.cons j a)
    change evaluation R M (n+1) f.val (Fin.cons j a) ∈ F _
    simpa only [FiniteCoverCech.intersection_cons] using hj
  refine ⟨⟨g,hg⟩,?_⟩
  have hj (j : ι) : delta R M n (extra R M j n f.val)=f.val := by
    have h := extra_delta R M j n f.val
    rw [hf,map_zero,zero_add] at h
    exact h
  simp only [g,map_sum,delta_post,hj]
  apply evaluation_injective R M (n+1)
  ext a
  simp only [map_sum,Finset.sum_apply,evaluation_post]
  exact hP _
include hP hmem in
lemma projection_complex_exactAt (n : ℕ) : (complex R M F hF).ExactAt (n+1) := by
  apply ((complex R M F hF).exactAt_iff' (i:=n) (j:=n+1) (k:=n+2) (by simp) (by simp)).mpr
  rw [ShortComplex.moduleCat_exact_iff]
  intro f hf
  change ((complex R M F hF).d (n+1) (n+2)).hom f=0 at hf
  rw [complex_d] at hf
  obtain ⟨g,hg⟩ := projection_exact R M F P hP hmem n f (congrArg Subtype.val hf)
  refine ⟨g,?_⟩
  change ((complex R M F hF).d n (n+1)).hom g=f
  rw [complex_d]
  exact Subtype.ext hg
lemma complex_exactAt_zero_of_nonempty [Nonempty ι] : (complex R M F hF).ExactAt 0 := by
  apply ((complex R M F hF).exactAt_iff' (i:=0) (j:=0) (k:=1) (by simp) (by simp)).mpr
  rw [ShortComplex.moduleCat_exact_iff]
  intro f hf
  change ((complex R M F hF).d 0 1).hom f=0 at hf
  rw [complex_d] at hf
  have hδ : delta R M 0 f.val=0 := congrArg Subtype.val hf
  have h := extra_delta_zero R M (Classical.choice (inferInstance : Nonempty ι)) f.val
  rw [hδ,map_zero] at h
  have hf0 : f=0 := Subtype.ext h.symm
  exact ⟨0,by simp [hf0]⟩
include hP hmem in
lemma projection_complex_acyclic [Nonempty ι] : (complex R M F hF).Acyclic := by
  intro n
  cases n with
  | zero => exact complex_exactAt_zero_of_nonempty R M F hF
  | succ n => exact projection_complex_exactAt R M F hF P hP hmem n
end Lech.AlternatingCech


namespace Lech.AlternatingCech
open Set CategoryTheory CategoryTheory.Limits HomologicalComplex
open scoped BigOperators
universe u
variable (R : Type u) [CommRing R] (M : Type u) [AddCommGroup M] [Module R M]
variable {ι : Type} [Fintype ι] [LinearOrder ι]
lemma post_prism_mem (τ : ι → ι) (hτ : ∀ i,τ (τ i)=τ i) (P : M →ₗ[R] M)
    (F : Finset ι → Submodule R M) (hF : Monotone F)
    (hcarrier : ∀ s x,x∈F (s∪s.image τ) → P x∈F s) (p : ℕ)
    (f : Alt R M (ι:=ι) (p+1)) (hf : f∈cochains R M F (p+1)) :
    post R M p P (prism R M τ p f)∈cochains R M F p := by
  apply (mem_cochains_iff_sorted R M F p _).mpr
  intro s
  rw [sortedCoordinates_eq_evaluation,evaluation_post]
  change evaluation R M p (prism R M τ p f) (s.val.orderEmbOfFin s.property)∈(F s.val).comap P
  have hstable : ∀ i∈s.val∪s.val.image τ,τ i∈s.val∪s.val.image τ := by
    intro i hi
    rcases Finset.mem_union.mp hi with hi|hi
    · exact Finset.mem_union_right _ (Finset.mem_image.mpr ⟨i,hi,rfl⟩)
    · obtain ⟨j,hj,rfl⟩ := Finset.mem_image.mp hi
      rw [hτ]
      exact Finset.mem_union_right _ (Finset.mem_image.mpr ⟨j,hj,rfl⟩)
  apply prism_local R M τ (s.val∪s.val.image τ) hstable ((F s.val).comap P) p f
  · intro a ha
    apply hcarrier s.val
    apply hF ?_ (hf a)
    intro i hi
    obtain ⟨j,_,rfl⟩ := Finset.mem_image.mp hi
    exact ha j
  · intro i
    exact Finset.mem_union_left _ (s.val.orderEmbOfFin_mem s.property i)
omit [LinearOrder ι] in
lemma post_pullback_zero (τ : ι → ι) (P : M →ₗ[R] M)
    (F : Finset ι → Submodule R M)
    (hzero : ∀ (s : Finset ι) x,x∈F (s.image τ) → P x=0) (p : ℕ)
    (f : Alt R M (ι:=ι) p) (hf : f∈cochains R M F p) :
    post R M p P (pullback R M τ p f)=0 := by
  apply evaluation_injective R M p
  ext a
  rw [evaluation_post,pullback_eval,map_zero,Pi.zero_apply]
  apply hzero (FiniteCoverCech.intersection a)
  have h := hf (τ ∘ a)
  have he : FiniteCoverCech.intersection (τ ∘ a)=(FiniteCoverCech.intersection a).image τ := by
    simp only [FiniteCoverCech.intersection,Finset.image_image,Function.comp_def]
  simpa only [he] using h
variable {κ : Type} [Fintype κ]
variable (F : Finset ι → Submodule R M) (hF : Monotone F)
variable (P : κ → M →ₗ[R] M) (hP : ∀ x,∑ j,P j x=x)
  (τ : κ → ι → ι) (hτ : ∀ j i,τ j (τ j i)=τ j i)
  (hcarrier : ∀ s j x,x∈F (s∪s.image (τ j)) → P j x∈F s)
  (hzero : ∀ (s : Finset ι) j x,x∈F (s.image (τ j)) → P j x=0)
include hF hP hτ hcarrier hzero in
 

lemma projection_prism_exact (p : ℕ) (f : cochains R M F (p+1)) (hf : delta R M (p+1) f.val=0) :
    ∃ g : cochains R M F p,delta R M p g.val=f.val := by
  let g : Alt R M (ι:=ι) p := ∑ j,post R M p (P j) (prism R M (τ j) p f.val)
  have hg : g∈cochains R M F p :=
    (cochains R M F p).sum_mem (fun j _ => post_prism_mem R M (τ j) (hτ j) (P j) F hF
      (fun s x hx => hcarrier s j x hx) p f.val f.property)
  refine ⟨⟨g,hg⟩,?_⟩
  have hj (j : κ) : delta R M p (post R M p (P j) (prism R M (τ j) p f.val))=post R M (p+1) (P j) f.val := by
    have h := prism_identity R M (τ j) p f.val
    rw [hf,map_zero,zero_add] at h
    rw [delta_post,h,map_sub,post_pullback_zero R M (τ j) (P j) F
      (fun s x hx => hzero s j x hx) (p+1) f.val f.property,sub_zero]
  simp only [g,map_sum,hj]
  apply evaluation_injective R M (p+1)
  ext a
  simp only [map_sum,Finset.sum_apply,evaluation_post]
  exact hP _
include hP hτ hcarrier hzero in
lemma projection_prism_exactAt (p : ℕ) : (complex R M F hF).ExactAt (p+1) := by
  apply ((complex R M F hF).exactAt_iff' (i:=p) (j:=p+1) (k:=p+2) (by simp) (by simp)).mpr
  rw [ShortComplex.moduleCat_exact_iff]
  intro f hf
  change ((complex R M F hF).d (p+1) (p+2)).hom f=0 at hf
  rw [complex_d] at hf
  obtain ⟨g,hg⟩ := projection_prism_exact R M F hF P hP τ hτ hcarrier hzero p f (congrArg Subtype.val hf)
  refine ⟨g,?_⟩
  change ((complex R M F hF).d p (p+1)).hom g=f
  rw [complex_d]
  exact Subtype.ext hg
include hP hτ hcarrier hzero in
lemma projection_prism_acyclic [Nonempty ι] : (complex R M F hF).Acyclic := by
  intro p
  cases p with
  | zero => exact complex_exactAt_zero_of_nonempty R M F hF
  | succ p => exact projection_prism_exactAt R M F hF P hP τ hτ hcarrier hzero p
end Lech.AlternatingCech

open scoped Classical
namespace Lech.UniversalCoefficientChart
open Polynomial
universe u v
variable (R : Type u) [CommRing R] (n : ℕ) (k : Fin (n+1))
 
abbrev Ring := MvPolynomial {j : Fin (n+1) // j ≠ k} R

def coefficient (j : Fin (n+1)) : Ring R n k := if h : j=k then 1 else MvPolynomial.X ⟨j,h⟩

def form : (Ring R n k)[X] := Polynomial.ofFn (n+1) (coefficient R n k)

lemma coefficient_self : coefficient R n k k=1 := by simp [coefficient]
lemma coefficient_other (j : {j : Fin (n+1) // j ≠ k}) :
    coefficient R n k j=MvPolynomial.X j := by simp [coefficient,j.property]
lemma form_coeff (j : Fin (n+1)) : (form R n k).coeff j=coefficient R n k j := by
  exact Polynomial.ofFn_coeff_eq_val_of_lt _ j.isLt
lemma form_degree : (form R n k).natDegree≤n :=
  Nat.le_of_lt_succ (Polynomial.ofFn_natDegree_lt (by omega) _)
lemma form_primitive : Ideal.span (Set.range (form R n k).coeff)=⊤ := by
  apply (Ideal.eq_top_iff_one _).mpr
  apply Ideal.subset_span
  exact ⟨k,(form_coeff R n k k).trans (coefficient_self R n k)⟩

variable {T : Type v} [CommRing T] [Algebra R T]
def eval (c : Fin (n+1) → T) : Ring R n k →ₐ[R] T := MvPolynomial.aeval (fun j => c j)
lemma eval_coefficient (c : Fin (n+1) → T) (hc : c k=1) (j : Fin (n+1)) :
    eval R n k c (coefficient R n k j)=c j := by
  by_cases h : j=k
  · subst j
    simp [coefficient,eval,hc]
  · simp [coefficient,h,eval]

 

lemma eval_form (g : T[X]) (hg : g.natDegree≤n) (hk : g.coeff k=1) :
    (form R n k).map (eval R n k (fun j => g.coeff j)).toRingHom=g := by
  ext j
  rw [Polynomial.coeff_map]
  by_cases hj : j<n+1
  · rw [form_coeff R n k ⟨j,hj⟩]
    exact eval_coefficient R n k (fun j => g.coeff j) hk ⟨j,hj⟩
  · have hj' : n<j := by omega
    rw [coeff_eq_zero_of_natDegree_lt ((form_degree R n k).trans_lt hj'),map_zero,
      coeff_eq_zero_of_natDegree_lt (hg.trans_lt hj')]

lemma ext {φ ψ : Ring R n k →ₐ[R] T}
    (h : ∀ j : Fin (n+1),φ (coefficient R n k j)=ψ (coefficient R n k j)) : φ=ψ := by
  apply MvPolynomial.algHom_ext
  intro j
  simpa only [coefficient_other R n k j] using h j
end Lech.UniversalCoefficientChart


namespace Lech.ProductLinearChart
open Polynomial
universe u
variable (R : Type u) [CommRing R] (n : ℕ) (σ : Fin n → Bool)
abbrev Ring := MvPolynomial (Fin n) R

def a (i : Fin n) : Ring R n := if σ i then 1 else MvPolynomial.X i
def b (i : Fin n) : Ring R n := if σ i then MvPolynomial.X i else 1

lemma selected (i : Fin n) : (if σ i then a R n σ i else b R n σ i)=1 := by
  cases h : σ i <;> simp [a,b,h]
lemma other (i : Fin n) : (if σ i then b R n σ i else a R n σ i)=MvPolynomial.X i := by
  cases h : σ i <;> simp [a,b,h]

def product : (Ring R n)[X] := ∏ i : Fin n,(C (a R n σ i)*Polynomial.X+C (b R n σ i))

lemma linear_degree {S : Type*} [CommRing S] (x y : S) : (C x*Polynomial.X+C y).natDegree≤1 := by
  apply natDegree_add_le_of_degree_le
  · exact (natDegree_C_mul_le _ _).trans natDegree_X_le
  · simp

lemma product_degree : (product R n σ).natDegree≤n := by
  change (∏ i : Fin n,(C (a R n σ i)*Polynomial.X+C (b R n σ i))).natDegree≤n
  calc
    (∏ i : Fin n,(C (a R n σ i)*Polynomial.X+C (b R n σ i))).natDegree ≤
      ∑ i : Fin n,(C (a R n σ i)*Polynomial.X+C (b R n σ i)).natDegree := Polynomial.natDegree_prod_le Finset.univ (fun i : Fin n => C (a R n σ i)*Polynomial.X+C (b R n σ i))
    _ ≤ ∑ _ : Fin n,(1:ℕ) := by
      apply Finset.sum_le_sum
      intro i _
      exact linear_degree (a R n σ i) (b R n σ i)
    _ = n := by simp

lemma product_homogenize : (product R n σ).homogenize n=
    ∏ i : Fin n,(MvPolynomial.C (a R n σ i)*MvPolynomial.X 0+
      MvPolynomial.C (b R n σ i)*MvPolynomial.X 1) := by
  have h := homogenize_finsetProd (s := Finset.univ)
    (p := fun i : Fin n => C (a R n σ i)*Polynomial.X+C (b R n σ i)) (n := fun _ => 1)
    (fun i _ => linear_degree _ _)
  simpa only [Finset.sum_const,Finset.card_univ,Fintype.card_fin,smul_eq_mul,mul_one,
    product,homogenize_add,homogenize_C_mul,homogenize_X (by omega : (1:ℕ)≠0),
    Nat.sub_self,pow_zero,mul_one,homogenize_C,pow_one] using h

variable (k : Fin (n+1))
 

abbrev chart := Localization.Away ((product R n σ).coeff k)

def denominator : (chart R n σ k)ˣ :=
  (IsLocalization.Away.algebraMap_isUnit ((product R n σ).coeff k)).unit
lemma denominator_val : (denominator R n σ k:chart R n σ k)=
    algebraMap (Ring R n) (chart R n σ k) ((product R n σ).coeff k) :=
  (IsLocalization.Away.algebraMap_isUnit ((product R n σ).coeff k)).unit_spec

def normalized : (chart R n σ k)[X] :=
  C ((denominator R n σ k)⁻¹).val*(product R n σ).map (algebraMap (Ring R n) (chart R n σ k))

lemma normalized_degree : (normalized R n σ k).natDegree≤n :=
  (natDegree_C_mul_le _ _).trans (natDegree_map_le.trans (product_degree R n σ))
lemma normalized_self : (normalized R n σ k).coeff k=1 := by
  rw [normalized,coeff_C_mul,coeff_map,←denominator_val,Units.inv_mul]

def target : UniversalCoefficientChart.Ring R n k →ₐ[R] chart R n σ k :=
  UniversalCoefficientChart.eval R n k (fun j => (normalized R n σ k).coeff j)

lemma target_form : (UniversalCoefficientChart.form R n k).map (target R n σ k).toRingHom=
    normalized R n σ k :=
  UniversalCoefficientChart.eval_form R n k _ (normalized_degree R n σ k) (normalized_self R n σ k)

lemma target_factorization :
    ((UniversalCoefficientChart.form R n k).map (target R n σ k).toRingHom).homogenize n=
      MvPolynomial.C ((denominator R n σ k)⁻¹).val*∏ i : Fin n,
        (MvPolynomial.C (algebraMap (Ring R n) (chart R n σ k) (a R n σ i))*MvPolynomial.X 0+
          MvPolynomial.C (algebraMap (Ring R n) (chart R n σ k) (b R n σ i))*MvPolynomial.X 1) := by
  rw [target_form,normalized,homogenize_C_mul,homogenize_map,product_homogenize]
  simp only [map_prod,map_add,map_mul,MvPolynomial.map_C,MvPolynomial.map_X]

instance targetAlgebra : Algebra (UniversalCoefficientChart.Ring R n k) (chart R n σ k) :=
  (target R n σ k).toRingHom.toAlgebra
instance targetTower :
    @IsScalarTower R (UniversalCoefficientChart.Ring R n k) (chart R n σ k)
      _ (targetAlgebra R n σ k).toSMul _ :=
  letI := targetAlgebra R n σ k
  IsScalarTower.of_algebraMap_eq fun r => ((target R n σ k).commutes r).symm

end Lech.ProductLinearChart


namespace Lech.ProductLinearChart
open Polynomial
universe u
variable (R : Type u) [CommRing R]
lemma finSucc_rename (n : ℕ) (p : MvPolynomial (Fin n) R) :
    MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n (MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ p)=Polynomial.C p := by
  have he : (MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n).toRingHom.comp (MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ).toRingHom=
      (Polynomial.C : MvPolynomial (Fin n) R →+* Polynomial (MvPolynomial (Fin n) R)) := by
    apply MvPolynomial.ringHom_ext
    · intro r
      change MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n (MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ (MvPolynomial.C r))=_
      simp [MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv_apply]
    · intro i
      change MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n (MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ (MvPolynomial.X i))=_
      rw [MvPolynomial.rename_X,MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv_X_succ]
  exact RingHom.congr_fun he p
lemma rename_a (n : ℕ) (σ : Fin (n+1) → Bool) (i : Fin n) :
    MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ (a R n (fun j => σ j.succ) i)=a R (n+1) σ i.succ := by
  cases hs : σ i.succ <;> simp [a,hs]
lemma rename_b (n : ℕ) (σ : Fin (n+1) → Bool) (i : Fin n) :
    MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ (b R n (fun j => σ j.succ) i)=b R (n+1) σ i.succ := by
  cases hs : σ i.succ <;> simp [b,hs]
lemma rename_factor (n : ℕ) (σ : Fin (n+1) → Bool) (i : Fin n) :
    (C (a R n (fun j => σ j.succ) i)*Polynomial.X+C (b R n (fun j => σ j.succ) i)).map
      (MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ).toRingHom=
    C (a R (n+1) σ i.succ)*Polynomial.X+C (b R (n+1) σ i.succ) := by
  simp only [Polynomial.map_add,Polynomial.map_mul,map_C,map_X]
  change C (MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ (a R n (fun j => σ j.succ) i))*Polynomial.X+
    C (MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ (b R n (fun j => σ j.succ) i))=_
  rw [rename_a,rename_b]
lemma product_succ (n : ℕ) (σ : Fin (n+1) → Bool) :
    product R (n+1) σ=(C (a R (n+1) σ 0)*Polynomial.X+C (b R (n+1) σ 0))*
      (product R n (fun i => σ i.succ)).map (MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ).toRingHom := by
  rw [product,Fin.prod_univ_succ]
  apply congrArg ((C (a R (n+1) σ 0)*Polynomial.X+C (b R (n+1) σ 0))*·)
  rw [product,Polynomial.map_prod]
  apply Finset.prod_congr rfl
  intro i _
  exact (rename_factor R n σ i).symm
lemma finSucc_a (n : ℕ) (σ : Fin (n+1) → Bool) :
    MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n (a R (n+1) σ 0)=(if σ 0 then C 1 else Polynomial.X) := by
  cases hs : σ 0 <;> simp [a,hs,MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv_X_zero]
lemma finSucc_b (n : ℕ) (σ : Fin (n+1) → Bool) :
    MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n (b R (n+1) σ 0)=(if σ 0 then Polynomial.X else C 1) := by
  cases hs : σ 0 <;> simp [b,hs,MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv_X_zero]
lemma product_succ_coeff_zero (n : ℕ) (σ : Fin (n+1) → Bool) :
    MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n ((product R (n+1) σ).coeff 0)=
      (if σ 0 then Polynomial.X else C 1)*C ((product R n (fun i => σ i.succ)).coeff 0) := by
  rw [product_succ,mul_coeff_zero]
  simp only [coeff_add,coeff_C_mul,coeff_X_zero,mul_zero,coeff_C_zero,zero_add,coeff_map]
  change MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n (b R (n+1) σ 0 * MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ
    ((product R n (fun i => σ i.succ)).coeff 0))=_
  rw [map_mul,finSucc_b,finSucc_rename]
lemma product_succ_coeff_succ (n : ℕ) (σ : Fin (n+1) → Bool) (j : ℕ) :
    MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n ((product R (n+1) σ).coeff (j+1))=
      (if σ 0 then C 1 else Polynomial.X)*C ((product R n (fun i => σ i.succ)).coeff j)+
      (if σ 0 then Polynomial.X else C 1)*C ((product R n (fun i => σ i.succ)).coeff (j+1)) := by
  rw [product_succ,add_mul,coeff_add,mul_assoc,coeff_C_mul,coeff_X_mul,coeff_C_mul]
  simp only [coeff_map]
  change MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n (a R (n+1) σ 0 * MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ
    ((product R n (fun i => σ i.succ)).coeff j) + b R (n+1) σ 0 * MvPolynomial.rename Fin.succ
    ((product R n (fun i => σ i.succ)).coeff (j+1)))=_
  rw [map_add,map_mul,map_mul,finSucc_a,finSucc_b,finSucc_rename,finSucc_rename]
 

theorem coefficient_regular (n : ℕ) (σ : Fin n → Bool) (k : Fin (n+1)) :
    IsRegular ((product R n σ).coeff k) := by
  induction n with
  | zero =>
    have hk : k=0 := by apply Fin.ext; omega
    simp only [hk,product,Finset.univ_eq_empty,Finset.prod_empty,Fin.val_zero,coeff_one_zero]
    exact isRegular_one
  | succ n ih =>
    let p := (product R (n+1) σ).coeff k
    have hr : IsRegular (MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n p) := by
      apply isRegular_iff_mem_nonZeroDivisors.mpr
      cases k using Fin.cases with
      | zero =>
        by_cases hs : σ 0=true
        · apply Polynomial.mem_nonzeroDivisors_of_coeff_mem 1
          simpa only [p,Fin.val_zero,product_succ_coeff_zero,hs,↓reduceIte,
            coeff_X_mul,coeff_C_zero] using (ih (fun i => σ i.succ) 0).mem_nonZeroDivisors
        · apply Polynomial.mem_nonzeroDivisors_of_coeff_mem 0
          simpa only [p,Fin.val_zero,product_succ_coeff_zero,hs,↓reduceIte,
            Bool.false_eq_true,C_1,one_mul,coeff_C_zero] using (ih (fun i => σ i.succ) 0).mem_nonZeroDivisors
      | succ k =>
        by_cases hs : σ 0=true
        · apply Polynomial.mem_nonzeroDivisors_of_coeff_mem 0
          simpa only [p,Fin.val_succ,product_succ_coeff_succ,hs,↓reduceIte,C_1,one_mul,
            coeff_add,coeff_X_mul_zero,coeff_C_zero,add_zero] using (ih (fun i => σ i.succ) k).mem_nonZeroDivisors
        · apply Polynomial.mem_nonzeroDivisors_of_coeff_mem 1
          simpa only [p,Fin.val_succ,product_succ_coeff_succ,hs,↓reduceIte,C_1,one_mul,
            Bool.false_eq_true,coeff_add,coeff_X_mul,coeff_C_zero,coeff_C_succ,add_zero] using
            (ih (fun i => σ i.succ) k).mem_nonZeroDivisors
    refine ⟨?_,?_⟩
    · intro x y h
      apply (MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n).injective
      exact hr.left (by simpa only [map_mul] using congrArg (MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n) h)
    · intro x y h
      apply (MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n).injective
      exact hr.right (by simpa only [map_mul] using congrArg (MvPolynomial.finSuccEquiv R n) h)
end Lech.ProductLinearChart
end
end

end OAI