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3ff79eb0-e459-43f8-88ee-037fc67fd6ff
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/threadsafety.rst
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elem in s # set.__contains__ This operation may compare elements using :meth:`~object.__eq__`, which can execute arbitrary Python code. During such comparisons, the set may be modified by another thread. For built-in types like :class:`str`, :class:`int`, and :class:`float`, :meth:`!__eq__` does not release the underly...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
elem in s # set.__contains__ This operation may compare elements using :meth:`~object.__eq__`, which can execute arbitrary Python code. During such comparisons, the set may be modified by another thread. For built-in types like :class:`str`, :class:`int`, and :class:`float`, :meth:`!__eq__` does not release the underly...
elem in s # set.__contains__ This operation may compare elements using :meth:`~object.__eq__`, which can execute arbitrary Python code. During such comparisons, the set may be modified by another thread. For built-in types like :class:`str`, :class:`int`, and :class:`float`, :meth:`!__eq__` does not release the underly...
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CPython Docs
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with lock: view[0:500] = b'x' * 500 Resizing or reallocating the underlying object (such as calling :meth:`bytearray.resize`) while a memoryview is exported raises :exc:`BufferError`. This is enforced regardless of threading.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
with lock: view[0:500] = b'x' * 500 Resizing or reallocating the underlying object (such as calling :meth:`bytearray.resize`) while a memoryview is exported raises :exc:`BufferError`. This is enforced regardless of threading.
with lock: view[0:500] = b'x' * 500 Resizing or reallocating the underlying object (such as calling :meth:`bytearray.resize`) while a memoryview is exported raises :exc:`BufferError`. This is enforced regardless of threading.
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CPython Docs
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The :meth:`~list.clear` method is also :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed. The :meth:`~list.sort` method is not :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe intermediate states during sorting, but the list appears empty for the duration of the sort.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
The :meth:`~list.clear` method is also :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed. The :meth:`~list.sort` method is not :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe intermediate states during sorting, but the list appears empty for the duration of the sort.
The :meth:`~list.clear` method is also :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed. The :meth:`~list.sort` method is not :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe intermediate states during sorting, but the list appears empty for the duration of the sort.
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The :meth:`~set.copy` method returns a new object and holds the per-object lock for the duration so that it is always atomic. The :meth:`~set.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
The :meth:`~set.copy` method returns a new object and holds the per-object lock for the duration so that it is always atomic. The :meth:`~set.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed.
The :meth:`~set.copy` method returns a new object and holds the per-object lock for the duration so that it is always atomic. The :meth:`~set.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed.
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Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/threadsafety.rst
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set/frozenset s | other # other must be set/frozenset s - other # other must be set/frozenset s ^ other # other must be set/frozenset :meth:`set.update`, :meth:`set.union`, :meth:`set.intersection` and :meth:`set.difference` can take multiple iterables as arguments. They all iterate through all the passed iterables and...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
set/frozenset s | other # other must be set/frozenset s - other # other must be set/frozenset s ^ other # other must be set/frozenset :meth:`set.update`, :meth:`set.union`, :meth:`set.intersection` and :meth:`set.difference` can take multiple iterables as arguments. They all iterate through all the passed iterables and...
set/frozenset s | other # other must be set/frozenset s - other # other must be set/frozenset s ^ other # other must be set/frozenset :meth:`set.update`, :meth:`set.union`, :meth:`set.intersection` and :meth:`set.difference` can take multiple iterables as arguments. They all iterate through all the passed iterables and...
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CPython Docs
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lst.append(x) # append to the end of the list, no shifting required lst.pop() # pop element from the end of the list, no shifting required The :meth:`~list.clear` method is also :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
lst.append(x) # append to the end of the list, no shifting required lst.pop() # pop element from the end of the list, no shifting required The :meth:`~list.clear` method is also :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed.
lst.append(x) # append to the end of the list, no shifting required lst.pop() # pop element from the end of the list, no shifting required The :meth:`~list.clear` method is also :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed.
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method is not :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe intermediate states during sorting, but the list appears empty for the duration of the sort. The following operations may allow :term:`lock-free` operations to observe intermediate states since they modify multiple elements in place:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
method is not :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe intermediate states during sorting, but the list appears empty for the duration of the sort. The following operations may allow :term:`lock-free` operations to observe intermediate states since they modify multiple elements in place:
method is not :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Other threads cannot observe intermediate states during sorting, but the list appears empty for the duration of the sort. The following operations may allow :term:`lock-free` operations to observe intermediate states since they modify multiple elements in place:
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.. code-block:: :class: good s |= other # other must be set/frozenset s &= other # other must be set/frozenset s -= other # other must be set/frozenset s ^= other # other must be set/frozenset s & other # other must be set/frozenset s | other # other must be set/frozenset s - other # other must be set/frozenset ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. code-block:: :class: good s |= other # other must be set/frozenset s &= other # other must be set/frozenset s -= other # other must be set/frozenset s ^= other # other must be set/frozenset s & other # other must be set/frozenset s | other # other must be set/frozenset s - other # other must be set/frozenset ...
.. code-block:: :class: good s |= other # other must be set/frozenset s &= other # other must be set/frozenset s -= other # other must be set/frozenset s ^= other # other must be set/frozenset s & other # other must be set/frozenset s | other # other must be set/frozenset s - other # other must be set/frozenset ...
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/threadsafety.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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lst.insert(idx, item) # shifts elements lst.pop(idx) # idx not at the end of the list, shifts elements lst *= x # copies elements in place The :meth:`~list.remove` method may allow concurrent modifications since element comparison may execute arbitrary Python code (via :meth:`~object.__eq__`).
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
lst.insert(idx, item) # shifts elements lst.pop(idx) # idx not at the end of the list, shifts elements lst *= x # copies elements in place The :meth:`~list.remove` method may allow concurrent modifications since element comparison may execute arbitrary Python code (via :meth:`~object.__eq__`).
lst.insert(idx, item) # shifts elements lst.pop(idx) # idx not at the end of the list, shifts elements lst *= x # copies elements in place The :meth:`~list.remove` method may allow concurrent modifications since element comparison may execute arbitrary Python code (via :meth:`~object.__eq__`).
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/threadsafety.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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dict.fromkeys(a_dict) # locks both dict.fromkeys(a_set) # locks both dict.fromkeys(a_frozenset) # locks both When updating from a non-dict iterable, only the target dictionary is locked. The iterable may be concurrently modified by another thread:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
dict.fromkeys(a_dict) # locks both dict.fromkeys(a_set) # locks both dict.fromkeys(a_frozenset) # locks both When updating from a non-dict iterable, only the target dictionary is locked. The iterable may be concurrently modified by another thread:
dict.fromkeys(a_dict) # locks both dict.fromkeys(a_set) # locks both dict.fromkeys(a_frozenset) # locks both When updating from a non-dict iterable, only the target dictionary is locked. The iterable may be concurrently modified by another thread:
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/threadsafety.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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into a new list x * lst # repeats lst x times into a new list lst.copy() # returns a shallow copy of the list The following methods that only operate on a single element with no shifting required are :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
into a new list x * lst # repeats lst x times into a new list lst.copy() # returns a shallow copy of the list The following methods that only operate on a single element with no shifting required are :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`:
into a new list x * lst # repeats lst x times into a new list lst.copy() # returns a shallow copy of the list The following methods that only operate on a single element with no shifting required are :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`:
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CPython Docs
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************************ Thread Safety Guarantees ************************ This page documents thread-safety guarantees for built-in types in Python's free-threaded build. The guarantees described here apply when using Python with the :term:`GIL` disabled (free-threaded mode). When the GIL is enabled, most operations a...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
************************ Thread Safety Guarantees ************************ This page documents thread-safety guarantees for built-in types in Python's free-threaded build. The guarantees described here apply when using Python with the :term:`GIL` disabled (free-threaded mode). When the GIL is enabled, most operations a...
************************ Thread Safety Guarantees ************************ This page documents thread-safety guarantees for built-in types in Python's free-threaded build. The guarantees described here apply when using Python with the :term:`GIL` disabled (free-threaded mode). When the GIL is enabled, most operations a...
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CPython Docs
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is a :class:`dict` or a :class:`tuple`. When using the :meth:`dict.fromkeys` method, dictionary creation is atomic when the argument is a :class:`dict`, :class:`tuple`, :class:`set` or :class:`frozenset`. The following operations and functions are :term:`lock-free` and :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
is a :class:`dict` or a :class:`tuple`. When using the :meth:`dict.fromkeys` method, dictionary creation is atomic when the argument is a :class:`dict`, :class:`tuple`, :class:`set` or :class:`frozenset`. The following operations and functions are :term:`lock-free` and :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`.
is a :class:`dict` or a :class:`tuple`. When using the :meth:`dict.fromkeys` method, dictionary creation is atomic when the argument is a :class:`dict`, :class:`tuple`, :class:`set` or :class:`frozenset`. The following operations and functions are :term:`lock-free` and :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`.
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CPython Docs
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lst[i] # list.__getitem__ The following methods traverse the list and use :term:`atomic <atomic operation>` reads of each item to perform their function. That means that they may return results affected by concurrent modifications:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
lst[i] # list.__getitem__ The following methods traverse the list and use :term:`atomic <atomic operation>` reads of each item to perform their function. That means that they may return results affected by concurrent modifications:
lst[i] # list.__getitem__ The following methods traverse the list and use :term:`atomic <atomic operation>` reads of each item to perform their function. That means that they may return results affected by concurrent modifications:
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CPython Docs
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.. code-block:: :class: good d.update(other_dict) # both locked when other_dict is a dict d |= other_dict # both locked when other_dict is a dict d == other_dict # both locked for dict and subclasses
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. code-block:: :class: good d.update(other_dict) # both locked when other_dict is a dict d |= other_dict # both locked when other_dict is a dict d == other_dict # both locked for dict and subclasses
.. code-block:: :class: good d.update(other_dict) # both locked when other_dict is a dict d |= other_dict # both locked when other_dict is a dict d == other_dict # both locked for dict and subclasses
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holding a :term:`lock` for the duration of each call. Without such synchronization, concurrent calls may produce :term:`race conditions <race condition>` or :term:`data races <data race>`. Example: a function that reads from or writes to an object whose internal state is not protected by a lock. Callers must ensure tha...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
holding a :term:`lock` for the duration of each call. Without such synchronization, concurrent calls may produce :term:`race conditions <race condition>` or :term:`data races <data race>`. Example: a function that reads from or writes to an object whose internal state is not protected by a lock. Callers must ensure tha...
holding a :term:`lock` for the duration of each call. Without such synchronization, concurrent calls may produce :term:`race conditions <race condition>` or :term:`data races <data race>`. Example: a function that reads from or writes to an object whose internal state is not protected by a lock. Callers must ensure tha...
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Safe on shared objects ---------------------- A function or operation that is safe for concurrent use on the **same** object. The implementation uses internal synchronization (such as :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>` or :ref:`critical sections <python-critical-section-api>`) to protect shared mutable state, s...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Safe on shared objects ---------------------- A function or operation that is safe for concurrent use on the **same** object. The implementation uses internal synchronization (such as :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>` or :ref:`critical sections <python-critical-section-api>`) to protect shared mutable state, s...
Safe on shared objects ---------------------- A function or operation that is safe for concurrent use on the **same** object. The implementation uses internal synchronization (such as :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>` or :ref:`critical sections <python-critical-section-api>`) to protect shared mutable state, s...
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Thread safety levels ==================== The C API documentation uses the following levels to describe the thread safety guarantees of each function. The levels are listed from least to most safe.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Thread safety levels ==================== The C API documentation uses the following levels to describe the thread safety guarantees of each function. The levels are listed from least to most safe.
Thread safety levels ==================== The C API documentation uses the following levels to describe the thread safety guarantees of each function. The levels are listed from least to most safe.
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dict d.keys() # returns a new dict_keys view object d.values() # returns a new dict_values view object d.items() # returns a new dict_items view object The :meth:`~dict.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
dict d.keys() # returns a new dict_keys view object d.values() # returns a new dict_values view object d.items() # returns a new dict_items view object The :meth:`~dict.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed.
dict d.keys() # returns a new dict_keys view object d.values() # returns a new dict_values view object d.items() # returns a new dict_items view object The :meth:`~dict.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed.
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.. code-block:: :class: good lst1 + lst2 # concatenates two lists into a new list x * lst # repeats lst x times into a new list lst.copy() # returns a shallow copy of the list
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. code-block:: :class: good lst1 + lst2 # concatenates two lists into a new list x * lst # repeats lst x times into a new list lst.copy() # returns a shallow copy of the list
.. code-block:: :class: good lst1 + lst2 # concatenates two lists into a new list x * lst # repeats lst x times into a new list lst.copy() # returns a shallow copy of the list
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The :meth:`~set.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed. The following operations only accept :class:`set` or :class:`frozenset` as operands and always lock both objects:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
The :meth:`~set.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed. The following operations only accept :class:`set` or :class:`frozenset` as operands and always lock both objects:
The :meth:`~set.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed. The following operations only accept :class:`set` or :class:`frozenset` as operands and always lock both objects:
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Safe on distinct objects ------------------------ A function or operation that is safe to call from multiple threads without external synchronization, as long as each thread operates on a **different** object. Two threads may call the function at the same time, but they must not pass the same object (or objects that sh...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Safe on distinct objects ------------------------ A function or operation that is safe to call from multiple threads without external synchronization, as long as each thread operates on a **different** object. Two threads may call the function at the same time, but they must not pass the same object (or objects that sh...
Safe on distinct objects ------------------------ A function or operation that is safe to call from multiple threads without external synchronization, as long as each thread operates on a **different** object. Two threads may call the function at the same time, but they must not pass the same object (or objects that sh...
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All other bytearray methods (such as :meth:`~bytearray.find`, :meth:`~bytearray.replace`, :meth:`~bytearray.split`, :meth:`~bytearray.decode`, etc.) hold the per-object lock for their duration. Operations that involve multiple accesses, as well as iteration, are never atomic:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
All other bytearray methods (such as :meth:`~bytearray.find`, :meth:`~bytearray.replace`, :meth:`~bytearray.split`, :meth:`~bytearray.decode`, etc.) hold the per-object lock for their duration. Operations that involve multiple accesses, as well as iteration, are never atomic:
All other bytearray methods (such as :meth:`~bytearray.find`, :meth:`~bytearray.replace`, :meth:`~bytearray.split`, :meth:`~bytearray.decode`, etc.) hold the per-object lock for their duration. Operations that involve multiple accesses, as well as iteration, are never atomic:
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:meth:`set.update`, :meth:`set.union`, :meth:`set.intersection` and :meth:`set.difference` can take multiple iterables as arguments. They all iterate through all the passed iterables and do the following: * :meth:`set.update` and :meth:`set.union` lock both objects only when the other operand is a :class:`set`, :class...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
:meth:`set.update`, :meth:`set.union`, :meth:`set.intersection` and :meth:`set.difference` can take multiple iterables as arguments. They all iterate through all the passed iterables and do the following: * :meth:`set.update` and :meth:`set.union` lock both objects only when the other operand is a :class:`set`, :class...
:meth:`set.update`, :meth:`set.union`, :meth:`set.intersection` and :meth:`set.difference` can take multiple iterables as arguments. They all iterate through all the passed iterables and do the following: * :meth:`set.update` and :meth:`set.union` lock both objects only when the other operand is a :class:`set`, :class...
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All other operations from here on block using the :term:`per-object lock`. Writing a single item via ``lst[i] = x`` is safe to call from multiple threads and will not corrupt the list.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
All other operations from here on block using the :term:`per-object lock`. Writing a single item via ``lst[i] = x`` is safe to call from multiple threads and will not corrupt the list.
All other operations from here on block using the :term:`per-object lock`. Writing a single item via ``lst[i] = x`` is safe to call from multiple threads and will not corrupt the list.
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provide access to the internal data of an underlying object without copying. Thread safety depends on both the memoryview itself and the underlying buffer exporter. The memoryview implementation uses atomic operations to track its own exports in the :term:`free-threaded build`. Creating and releasing a memoryview are t...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
provide access to the internal data of an underlying object without copying. Thread safety depends on both the memoryview itself and the underlying buffer exporter. The memoryview implementation uses atomic operations to track its own exports in the :term:`free-threaded build`. Creating and releasing a memoryview are t...
provide access to the internal data of an underlying object without copying. Thread safety depends on both the memoryview itself and the underlying buffer exporter. The memoryview implementation uses atomic operations to track its own exports in the :term:`free-threaded build`. Creating and releasing a memoryview are t...
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reads fields that are immutable for the lifetime of the memoryview, so concurrent reads are safe as long as the memoryview has not been released. However, the actual data accessed through the memoryview is owned by the underlying object. Concurrent access to this data is only safe if the underlying object supports it:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
reads fields that are immutable for the lifetime of the memoryview, so concurrent reads are safe as long as the memoryview has not been released. However, the actual data accessed through the memoryview is owned by the underlying object. Concurrent access to this data is only safe if the underlying object supports it:
reads fields that are immutable for the lifetime of the memoryview, so concurrent reads are safe as long as the memoryview has not been released. However, the actual data accessed through the memoryview is owned by the underlying object. Concurrent access to this data is only safe if the underlying object supports it:
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Incompatible ------------ A function or operation that cannot be made safe for concurrent use even with external synchronization. Incompatible code typically accesses global state in an unsynchronized way and must only be called from a single thread throughout the program's lifetime.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Incompatible ------------ A function or operation that cannot be made safe for concurrent use even with external synchronization. Incompatible code typically accesses global state in an unsynchronized way and must only be called from a single thread throughout the program's lifetime.
Incompatible ------------ A function or operation that cannot be made safe for concurrent use even with external synchronization. Incompatible code typically accesses global state in an unsynchronized way and must only be called from a single thread throughout the program's lifetime.
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* For immutable objects like :class:`bytes`, concurrent reads through multiple memoryviews are safe. * For mutable objects like :class:`bytearray`, reading and writing the same memory region from multiple threads without external synchronization is not safe and may result in data corruption. Note that even read-only ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
* For immutable objects like :class:`bytes`, concurrent reads through multiple memoryviews are safe. * For mutable objects like :class:`bytearray`, reading and writing the same memory region from multiple threads without external synchronization is not safe and may result in data corruption. Note that even read-only ...
* For immutable objects like :class:`bytes`, concurrent reads through multiple memoryviews are safe. * For mutable objects like :class:`bytearray`, reading and writing the same memory region from multiple threads without external synchronization is not safe and may result in data corruption. Note that even read-only ...
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value # write del d[key] # delete d.pop(key) # remove and return d.popitem() # remove and return last item d.setdefault(key, v) # insert if missing These operations may compare keys using :meth:`~object.__eq__`, which can execute arbitrary Python code. During such comparisons, the dictionary may be modified by another ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
value # write del d[key] # delete d.pop(key) # remove and return d.popitem() # remove and return last item d.setdefault(key, v) # insert if missing These operations may compare keys using :meth:`~object.__eq__`, which can execute arbitrary Python code. During such comparisons, the dictionary may be modified by another ...
value # write del d[key] # delete d.pop(key) # remove and return d.popitem() # remove and return last item d.setdefault(key, v) # insert if missing These operations may compare keys using :meth:`~object.__eq__`, which can execute arbitrary Python code. During such comparisons, the dictionary may be modified by another ...
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The :func:`len` function is lock-free and :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. The following read operation is lock-free. It does not block concurrent modifications and may observe intermediate states from operations that hold the per-object lock:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
The :func:`len` function is lock-free and :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. The following read operation is lock-free. It does not block concurrent modifications and may observe intermediate states from operations that hold the per-object lock:
The :func:`len` function is lock-free and :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. The following read operation is lock-free. It does not block concurrent modifications and may observe intermediate states from operations that hold the per-object lock:
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which can be concurrently modified by another thread. The same applies to inplace concatenation of a list with other iterables when using ``lst += iterable``. Similarly, assigning to a list slice with ``lst[i:j] = iterable`` is safe to call from multiple threads, but ``iterable`` is only locked when it is also a :class...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
which can be concurrently modified by another thread. The same applies to inplace concatenation of a list with other iterables when using ``lst += iterable``. Similarly, assigning to a list slice with ``lst[i:j] = iterable`` is safe to call from multiple threads, but ``iterable`` is only locked when it is also a :class...
which can be concurrently modified by another thread. The same applies to inplace concatenation of a list with other iterables when using ``lst += iterable``. Similarly, assigning to a list slice with ``lst[i:j] = iterable`` is safe to call from multiple threads, but ``iterable`` is only locked when it is also a :class...
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``lst[i:j] = iterable`` is safe to call from multiple threads, but ``iterable`` is only locked when it is also a :class:`list` (but not its subclasses). Operations that involve multiple accesses, as well as iteration, are never atomic. For example:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
``lst[i:j] = iterable`` is safe to call from multiple threads, but ``iterable`` is only locked when it is also a :class:`list` (but not its subclasses). Operations that involve multiple accesses, as well as iteration, are never atomic. For example:
``lst[i:j] = iterable`` is safe to call from multiple threads, but ``iterable`` is only locked when it is also a :class:`list` (but not its subclasses). Operations that involve multiple accesses, as well as iteration, are never atomic. For example:
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data accessed through the memoryview is owned by the underlying object. Concurrent access to this data is only safe if the underlying object supports it: * For immutable objects like :class:`bytes`, concurrent reads through multiple memoryviews are safe.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
data accessed through the memoryview is owned by the underlying object. Concurrent access to this data is only safe if the underlying object supports it: * For immutable objects like :class:`bytes`, concurrent reads through multiple memoryviews are safe.
data accessed through the memoryview is owned by the underlying object. Concurrent access to this data is only safe if the underlying object supports it: * For immutable objects like :class:`bytes`, concurrent reads through multiple memoryviews are safe.
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CPython Docs
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The :meth:`~dict.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed. The following operations lock both dictionaries. For :meth:`~dict.update` and ``|=``, this applies only when the other operand is a :class:`dict` that uses the standard dict iterator (but not subclasses ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
The :meth:`~dict.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed. The following operations lock both dictionaries. For :meth:`~dict.update` and ``|=``, this applies only when the other operand is a :class:`dict` that uses the standard dict iterator (but not subclasses ...
The :meth:`~dict.clear` method holds the lock for its duration. Other threads cannot observe elements being removed. The following operations lock both dictionaries. For :meth:`~dict.update` and ``|=``, this applies only when the other operand is a :class:`dict` that uses the standard dict iterator (but not subclasses ...
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CPython Docs
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.. code-block:: :class: good d.copy() # returns a shallow copy of the dictionary d | other # merges two dicts into a new dict d.keys() # returns a new dict_keys view object d.values() # returns a new dict_values view object d.items() # returns a new dict_items view object
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. code-block:: :class: good d.copy() # returns a shallow copy of the dictionary d | other # merges two dicts into a new dict d.keys() # returns a new dict_keys view object d.values() # returns a new dict_values view object d.items() # returns a new dict_items view object
.. code-block:: :class: good d.copy() # returns a shallow copy of the dictionary d | other # merges two dicts into a new dict d.keys() # returns a new dict_keys view object d.values() # returns a new dict_values view object d.items() # returns a new dict_items view object
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The :func:`len` function is lock-free and :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Concatenation and comparisons use the buffer protocol, which prevents resizing but does not hold the per-object lock. These operations may observe intermediate states from concurrent modifications:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
The :func:`len` function is lock-free and :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Concatenation and comparisons use the buffer protocol, which prevents resizing but does not hold the per-object lock. These operations may observe intermediate states from concurrent modifications:
The :func:`len` function is lock-free and :term:`atomic <atomic operation>`. Concatenation and comparisons use the buffer protocol, which prevents resizing but does not hold the per-object lock. These operations may observe intermediate states from concurrent modifications:
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item in lst lst.index(item) lst.count(item) All of the above operations avoid acquiring :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>`. They do not block concurrent modifications. Other operations that hold a lock will not block these from observing intermediate states.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
item in lst lst.index(item) lst.count(item) All of the above operations avoid acquiring :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>`. They do not block concurrent modifications. Other operations that hold a lock will not block these from observing intermediate states.
item in lst lst.index(item) lst.count(item) All of the above operations avoid acquiring :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>`. They do not block concurrent modifications. Other operations that hold a lock will not block these from observing intermediate states.
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Atomic ------ A function or operation that appears :term:`atomic <atomic operation>` with respect to other threads - it executes instantaneously from the perspective of other threads. This is the strongest form of thread safety.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Atomic ------ A function or operation that appears :term:`atomic <atomic operation>` with respect to other threads - it executes instantaneously from the perspective of other threads. This is the strongest form of thread safety.
Atomic ------ A function or operation that appears :term:`atomic <atomic operation>` with respect to other threads - it executes instantaneously from the perspective of other threads. This is the strongest form of thread safety.
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CPython Docs
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Thread safety for dict objects ============================== Creating a dictionary with the :class:`dict` constructor is atomic when the argument to it is a :class:`dict` or a :class:`tuple`. When using the :meth:`dict.fromkeys` method, dictionary creation is atomic when the argument is a :class:`dict`, :class:`tuple`...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Thread safety for dict objects ============================== Creating a dictionary with the :class:`dict` constructor is atomic when the argument to it is a :class:`dict` or a :class:`tuple`. When using the :meth:`dict.fromkeys` method, dictionary creation is atomic when the argument is a :class:`dict`, :class:`tuple`...
Thread safety for dict objects ============================== Creating a dictionary with the :class:`dict` constructor is atomic when the argument to it is a :class:`dict` or a :class:`tuple`. When using the :meth:`dict.fromkeys` method, dictionary creation is atomic when the argument is a :class:`dict`, :class:`tuple`...
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another thread. For built-in types like :class:`str`, :class:`int`, and :class:`float`, :meth:`!__eq__` does not release the underlying lock during comparisons and this is not a concern. All other operations from here on hold the per-object lock.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
another thread. For built-in types like :class:`str`, :class:`int`, and :class:`float`, :meth:`!__eq__` does not release the underlying lock during comparisons and this is not a concern. All other operations from here on hold the per-object lock.
another thread. For built-in types like :class:`str`, :class:`int`, and :class:`float`, :meth:`!__eq__` does not release the underlying lock during comparisons and this is not a concern. All other operations from here on hold the per-object lock.
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.. code-block:: :class: bad # NOT safe: concurrent writes to the same buffer data = bytearray(1000) view = memoryview(data) # Thread 1: view[0:500] = b'x' * 500 # Thread 2: view[0:500] = b'y' * 500
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. code-block:: :class: bad # NOT safe: concurrent writes to the same buffer data = bytearray(1000) view = memoryview(data) # Thread 1: view[0:500] = b'x' * 500 # Thread 2: view[0:500] = b'y' * 500
.. code-block:: :class: bad # NOT safe: concurrent writes to the same buffer data = bytearray(1000) view = memoryview(data) # Thread 1: view[0:500] = b'x' * 500 # Thread 2: view[0:500] = b'y' * 500
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.. code-block:: :class: good ba[i] = x # write single byte ba[i:j] = values # write slice ba.append(x) # append single byte ba.extend(other) # extend with iterable ba.insert(i, x) # insert single byte ba.pop() # remove and return last byte ba.pop(i) # remove and return byte at index ba.remove(x) # remove first o...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. code-block:: :class: good ba[i] = x # write single byte ba[i:j] = values # write slice ba.append(x) # append single byte ba.extend(other) # extend with iterable ba.insert(i, x) # insert single byte ba.pop() # remove and return last byte ba.pop(i) # remove and return byte at index ba.remove(x) # remove first o...
.. code-block:: :class: good ba[i] = x # write single byte ba[i:j] = values # write slice ba.append(x) # append single byte ba.extend(other) # extend with iterable ba.insert(i, x) # insert single byte ba.pop() # remove and return last byte ba.pop(i) # remove and return byte at index ba.remove(x) # remove first o...
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acquiring :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>`. They do not block concurrent modifications. Other operations that hold a lock will not block these from observing intermediate states. All other operations from here on block using the :term:`per-object lock`.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
acquiring :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>`. They do not block concurrent modifications. Other operations that hold a lock will not block these from observing intermediate states. All other operations from here on block using the :term:`per-object lock`.
acquiring :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>`. They do not block concurrent modifications. Other operations that hold a lock will not block these from observing intermediate states. All other operations from here on block using the :term:`per-object lock`.
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:meth:`set.union` lock both objects only when the other operand is a :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`, or :class:`dict`. * :meth:`set.intersection` and :meth:`set.difference` always try to lock all objects. :meth:`set.symmetric_difference` tries to lock both objects.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
:meth:`set.union` lock both objects only when the other operand is a :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`, or :class:`dict`. * :meth:`set.intersection` and :meth:`set.difference` always try to lock all objects. :meth:`set.symmetric_difference` tries to lock both objects.
:meth:`set.union` lock both objects only when the other operand is a :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`, or :class:`dict`. * :meth:`set.intersection` and :meth:`set.difference` always try to lock all objects. :meth:`set.symmetric_difference` tries to lock both objects.
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only d locked d |= iterable # iterable is not a dict: only d locked dict.fromkeys(iterable) # iterable is not a dict/set/frozenset: only result locked Operations that involve multiple accesses, as well as iteration, are never atomic:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
only d locked d |= iterable # iterable is not a dict: only d locked dict.fromkeys(iterable) # iterable is not a dict/set/frozenset: only result locked Operations that involve multiple accesses, as well as iteration, are never atomic:
only d locked d |= iterable # iterable is not a dict: only d locked dict.fromkeys(iterable) # iterable is not a dict/set/frozenset: only result locked Operations that involve multiple accesses, as well as iteration, are never atomic:
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types like :class:`str`, :class:`int`, and :class:`float`, that implement :meth:`~object.__eq__` in C, the underlying lock is not released during comparisons and this is not a concern. The following operations return new objects and hold the :term:`per-object lock` for the duration of the operation:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
types like :class:`str`, :class:`int`, and :class:`float`, that implement :meth:`~object.__eq__` in C, the underlying lock is not released during comparisons and this is not a concern. The following operations return new objects and hold the :term:`per-object lock` for the duration of the operation:
types like :class:`str`, :class:`int`, and :class:`float`, that implement :meth:`~object.__eq__` in C, the underlying lock is not released during comparisons and this is not a concern. The following operations return new objects and hold the :term:`per-object lock` for the duration of the operation:
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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last byte ba.pop(i) # remove and return byte at index ba.remove(x) # remove first occurrence ba.reverse() # reverse in place ba.clear() # remove all bytes Slice assignment locks both objects when *values* is a :class:`bytearray`:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
last byte ba.pop(i) # remove and return byte at index ba.remove(x) # remove first occurrence ba.reverse() # reverse in place ba.clear() # remove all bytes Slice assignment locks both objects when *values* is a :class:`bytearray`:
last byte ba.pop(i) # remove and return byte at index ba.remove(x) # remove first occurrence ba.reverse() # reverse in place ba.clear() # remove all bytes Slice assignment locks both objects when *values* is a :class:`bytearray`:
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/threadsafety.rst
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7b7dba10-d777-4a50-bdf0-f9e05fe3019b
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supabase-export-v2
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(such as :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>` or :ref:`critical sections <python-critical-section-api>`) to protect shared mutable state, so callers do not need to supply their own locking. Example: :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef` can be called from multiple threads on the same :c:type:`PyListObject` - it uses intern...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
(such as :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>` or :ref:`critical sections <python-critical-section-api>`) to protect shared mutable state, so callers do not need to supply their own locking. Example: :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef` can be called from multiple threads on the same :c:type:`PyListObject` - it uses intern...
(such as :term:`per-object locks <per-object lock>` or :ref:`critical sections <python-critical-section-api>`) to protect shared mutable state, so callers do not need to supply their own locking. Example: :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef` can be called from multiple threads on the same :c:type:`PyListObject` - it uses intern...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
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supabase-export-v2
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other_dict is a dict d |= other_dict # both locked when other_dict is a dict d == other_dict # both locked for dict and subclasses All comparison operations also compare values using :meth:`~object.__eq__`, so for non-built-in types the lock may be released during comparison.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
other_dict is a dict d |= other_dict # both locked when other_dict is a dict d == other_dict # both locked for dict and subclasses All comparison operations also compare values using :meth:`~object.__eq__`, so for non-built-in types the lock may be released during comparison.
other_dict is a dict d |= other_dict # both locked when other_dict is a dict d == other_dict # both locked for dict and subclasses All comparison operations also compare values using :meth:`~object.__eq__`, so for non-built-in types the lock may be released during comparison.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/threadsafety.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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Compatible ---------- A function or operation that is safe to call from multiple threads *provided* the caller supplies appropriate external synchronization, for example by holding a :term:`lock` for the duration of each call. Without such synchronization, concurrent calls may produce :term:`race conditions <race condi...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Compatible ---------- A function or operation that is safe to call from multiple threads *provided* the caller supplies appropriate external synchronization, for example by holding a :term:`lock` for the duration of each call. Without such synchronization, concurrent calls may produce :term:`race conditions <race condi...
Compatible ---------- A function or operation that is safe to call from multiple threads *provided* the caller supplies appropriate external synchronization, for example by holding a :term:`lock` for the duration of each call. Without such synchronization, concurrent calls may produce :term:`race conditions <race condi...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/threadsafety.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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<atomic operation>` with respect to other threads - it executes instantaneously from the perspective of other threads. This is the strongest form of thread safety. Example: :c:func:`PyMutex_IsLocked` performs an atomic read of the mutex state and can be called from any thread at any time.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
<atomic operation>` with respect to other threads - it executes instantaneously from the perspective of other threads. This is the strongest form of thread safety. Example: :c:func:`PyMutex_IsLocked` performs an atomic read of the mutex state and can be called from any thread at any time.
<atomic operation>` with respect to other threads - it executes instantaneously from the perspective of other threads. This is the strongest form of thread safety. Example: :c:func:`PyMutex_IsLocked` performs an atomic read of the mutex state and can be called from any thread at any time.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/threadsafety.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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# NOT thread-safe: iteration while modifying for byte in ba: process(byte) # another thread may modify ba To safely iterate over a bytearray that may be modified by another thread, iterate over a copy:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
# NOT thread-safe: iteration while modifying for byte in ba: process(byte) # another thread may modify ba To safely iterate over a bytearray that may be modified by another thread, iterate over a copy:
# NOT thread-safe: iteration while modifying for byte in ba: process(byte) # another thread may modify ba To safely iterate over a bytearray that may be modified by another thread, iterate over a copy:
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/threadsafety.rst
unknown
7b7dba10-d777-4a50-bdf0-f9e05fe3019b
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supabase-export-v2
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ba + other # may observe concurrent writes ba == other # may observe concurrent writes ba < other # may observe concurrent writes All other operations from here on hold the per-object lock.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
ba + other # may observe concurrent writes ba == other # may observe concurrent writes ba < other # may observe concurrent writes All other operations from here on hold the per-object lock.
ba + other # may observe concurrent writes ba == other # may observe concurrent writes ba < other # may observe concurrent writes All other operations from here on hold the per-object lock.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/asyncio.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous frameworks that provide high-performance network and web-servers, database connection libraries, distributed task queues, etc. asyncio is often a perfect fit for IO-bound and high-level **structured** network code.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous frameworks that provide high-performance network and web-servers, database connection libraries, distributed task queues, etc. asyncio is often a perfect fit for IO-bound and high-level **structured** network code.
asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous frameworks that provide high-performance network and web-servers, database connection libraries, distributed task queues, etc. asyncio is often a perfect fit for IO-bound and high-level **structured** network code.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/asyncio.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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asyncio is a library to write **concurrent** code using the **async/await** syntax. asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous frameworks that provide high-performance network and web-servers, database connection libraries, distributed task queues, etc.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
asyncio is a library to write **concurrent** code using the **async/await** syntax. asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous frameworks that provide high-performance network and web-servers, database connection libraries, distributed task queues, etc.
asyncio is a library to write **concurrent** code using the **async/await** syntax. asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous frameworks that provide high-performance network and web-servers, database connection libraries, distributed task queues, etc.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/asyncio.rst
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e6bf256d-8999-42f7-b10f-b4d807936f39
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supabase-export-v2
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.. versionchanged:: 3.13 Uses PyREPL if possible, in which case :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` is also executed. Emits audit events. .. We use the "rubric" directive here to avoid creating the "Reference" subsection in the TOC.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. versionchanged:: 3.13 Uses PyREPL if possible, in which case :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` is also executed. Emits audit events. .. We use the "rubric" directive here to avoid creating the "Reference" subsection in the TOC.
.. versionchanged:: 3.13 Uses PyREPL if possible, in which case :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` is also executed. Emits audit events. .. We use the "rubric" directive here to avoid creating the "Reference" subsection in the TOC.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/asyncio.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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.. code-block:: pycon $ python -m asyncio asyncio REPL ... Use "await" directly instead of "asyncio.run()". Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import asyncio >>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello') 'hello'
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. code-block:: pycon $ python -m asyncio asyncio REPL ... Use "await" directly instead of "asyncio.run()". Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import asyncio >>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello') 'hello'
.. code-block:: pycon $ python -m asyncio asyncio REPL ... Use "await" directly instead of "asyncio.run()". Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import asyncio >>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello') 'hello'
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/asyncio.rst
unknown
e6bf256d-8999-42f7-b10f-b4d807936f39
40,532
supabase-export-v2
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Additionally, there are **low-level** APIs for *library and framework developers* to: * create and manage :ref:`event loops <asyncio-event-loop>`, which provide asynchronous APIs for :ref:`networking <loop_create_server>`, running :ref:`subprocesses <loop_subprocess_exec>`, handling :ref:`OS signals <loop_add_signal...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Additionally, there are **low-level** APIs for *library and framework developers* to: * create and manage :ref:`event loops <asyncio-event-loop>`, which provide asynchronous APIs for :ref:`networking <loop_create_server>`, running :ref:`subprocesses <loop_subprocess_exec>`, handling :ref:`OS signals <loop_add_signal...
Additionally, there are **low-level** APIs for *library and framework developers* to: * create and manage :ref:`event loops <asyncio-event-loop>`, which provide asynchronous APIs for :ref:`networking <loop_create_server>`, running :ref:`subprocesses <loop_subprocess_exec>`, handling :ref:`OS signals <loop_add_signal...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/asyncio.rst
unknown
e6bf256d-8999-42f7-b10f-b4d807936f39
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supabase-export-v2
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REPL ... Use "await" directly instead of "asyncio.run()". Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import asyncio >>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello') 'hello' This REPL provides limited compatibility with :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL`. It is recommended that the default REPL is us...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
REPL ... Use "await" directly instead of "asyncio.run()". Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import asyncio >>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello') 'hello' This REPL provides limited compatibility with :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL`. It is recommended that the default REPL is us...
REPL ... Use "await" directly instead of "asyncio.run()". Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import asyncio >>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello') 'hello' This REPL provides limited compatibility with :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL`. It is recommended that the default REPL is us...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
00303189-0dbe-4e08-86e7-fe3ea59ced70
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
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supabase-export-v2
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meaningful results, the number of data points in *data* should be larger than *n*. Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if there is not at least one data point. The cut points are linearly interpolated from the two nearest data points. For example, if a cut point falls one-third of the distance between two sample values, ``...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
meaningful results, the number of data points in *data* should be larger than *n*. Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if there is not at least one data point. The cut points are linearly interpolated from the two nearest data points. For example, if a cut point falls one-third of the distance between two sample values, ``...
meaningful results, the number of data points in *data* should be larger than *n*. Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if there is not at least one data point. The cut points are linearly interpolated from the two nearest data points. For example, if a cut point falls one-third of the distance between two sample values, ``...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
03ed84ec-e3c4-415b-96a3-aeedd1d6d6c8
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
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supabase-export-v2
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the *data*. If the smallest or largest of those is desired instead, use ``min(multimode(data))`` or ``max(multimode(data))``. If the input *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. ``mode`` assumes discrete data and returns a single value. This is the standard treatment of the mode as commonly taught in schoo...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
the *data*. If the smallest or largest of those is desired instead, use ``min(multimode(data))`` or ``max(multimode(data))``. If the input *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. ``mode`` assumes discrete data and returns a single value. This is the standard treatment of the mode as commonly taught in schoo...
the *data*. If the smallest or largest of those is desired instead, use ``min(multimode(data))`` or ``max(multimode(data))``. If the input *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. ``mode`` assumes discrete data and returns a single value. This is the standard treatment of the mode as commonly taught in schoo...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
0410a113-9d4a-4402-94fd-7da18214c74e
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
40,646
supabase-export-v2
eba0f6db89bac132
of numeric data, using the common "mean of middle two" method. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterable. The median is a robust measure of central location and is less affected by the presence of outliers. When the number of data points is odd, the middle data point i...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
of numeric data, using the common "mean of middle two" method. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterable. The median is a robust measure of central location and is less affected by the presence of outliers. When the number of data points is odd, the middle data point i...
of numeric data, using the common "mean of middle two" method. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterable. The median is a robust measure of central location and is less affected by the presence of outliers. When the number of data points is odd, the middle data point i...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
078052c0-314e-4cad-86de-98fc466cabc8
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
40,757
supabase-export-v2
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is replaced by ranks. Ties are averaged so that equal values receive the same rank. The resulting coefficient measures the strength of a monotonic relationship. Spearman's correlation coefficient is appropriate for ordinal data or for continuous data that doesn't meet the linear proportion requirement for Pearson's c...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
is replaced by ranks. Ties are averaged so that equal values receive the same rank. The resulting coefficient measures the strength of a monotonic relationship. Spearman's correlation coefficient is appropriate for ordinal data or for continuous data that doesn't meet the linear proportion requirement for Pearson's c...
is replaced by ranks. Ties are averaged so that equal values receive the same rank. The resulting coefficient measures the strength of a monotonic relationship. Spearman's correlation coefficient is appropriate for ordinal data or for continuous data that doesn't meet the linear proportion requirement for Pearson's c...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
07e870fe-abd9-409e-b459-b25c51703649
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
40,738
supabase-export-v2
9372d96dc5c8a185
Divide *data* into *n* continuous intervals with equal probability. Returns a list of ``n - 1`` cut points separating the intervals. Set *n* to 4 for quartiles (the default). Set *n* to 10 for deciles. Set *n* to 100 for percentiles which gives the 99 cuts points that separate *data* into 100 equal sized groups. Rais...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Divide *data* into *n* continuous intervals with equal probability. Returns a list of ``n - 1`` cut points separating the intervals. Set *n* to 4 for quartiles (the default). Set *n* to 10 for deciles. Set *n* to 100 for percentiles which gives the 99 cuts points that separate *data* into 100 equal sized groups. Rais...
Divide *data* into *n* continuous intervals with equal probability. Returns a list of ``n - 1`` cut points separating the intervals. Set *n* to 4 for quartiles (the default). Set *n* to 10 for deciles. Set *n* to 100 for percentiles which gives the 99 cuts points that separate *data* into 100 equal sized groups. Rais...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
0a0325f2-69b5-4dc6-b3a0-03822fde371a
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
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supabase-export-v2
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this function to calculate the variance from the entire population. To estimate the variance from a sample, the :func:`variance` function is usually a better choice. Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* is empty.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
this function to calculate the variance from the entire population. To estimate the variance from a sample, the :func:`variance` function is usually a better choice. Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* is empty.
this function to calculate the variance from the entire population. To estimate the variance from a sample, the :func:`variance` function is usually a better choice. Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* is empty.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
0a0d7798-a458-485f-8731-ac6576fc01c6
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
40,645
supabase-export-v2
6ea350923961640e
.. function:: median(data) Return the median (middle value) of numeric data, using the common "mean of middle two" method. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterable.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. function:: median(data) Return the median (middle value) of numeric data, using the common "mean of middle two" method. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterable.
.. function:: median(data) Return the median (middle value) of numeric data, using the common "mean of middle two" method. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterable.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
0bb39b8c-fb82-4f65-a970-ea6361e11504
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
40,605
supabase-export-v2
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the input dataset is empty, if it contains a zero, or if it contains a negative value. The *data* may be a sequence or iterable. No special efforts are made to achieve exact results. (However, this may change in the future.)
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
the input dataset is empty, if it contains a zero, or if it contains a negative value. The *data* may be a sequence or iterable. No special efforts are made to achieve exact results. (However, this may change in the future.)
the input dataset is empty, if it contains a zero, or if it contains a negative value. The *data* may be a sequence or iterable. No special efforts are made to achieve exact results. (However, this may change in the future.)
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
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supabase-export-v2
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>>> temperature_february = NormalDist(5, 2.5) # Celsius >>> temperature_february * (9/5) + 32 # Fahrenheit NormalDist(mu=41.0, sigma=4.5) Dividing a constant by an instance of :class:`NormalDist` is not supported because the result wouldn't be normally distributed.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
>>> temperature_february = NormalDist(5, 2.5) # Celsius >>> temperature_february * (9/5) + 32 # Fahrenheit NormalDist(mu=41.0, sigma=4.5) Dividing a constant by an instance of :class:`NormalDist` is not supported because the result wouldn't be normally distributed.
>>> temperature_february = NormalDist(5, 2.5) # Celsius >>> temperature_february * (9/5) + 32 # Fahrenheit NormalDist(mu=41.0, sigma=4.5) Dividing a constant by an instance of :class:`NormalDist` is not supported because the result wouldn't be normally distributed.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
119d8b80-a8c6-4bd0-948e-c7ba239d64f6
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
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supabase-export-v2
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.. function:: variance(data, xbar=None) Return the sample variance of *data*, an iterable of at least two real-valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a measure of the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. function:: variance(data, xbar=None) Return the sample variance of *data*, an iterable of at least two real-valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a measure of the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates ...
.. function:: variance(data, xbar=None) Return the sample variance of *data*, an iterable of at least two real-valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a measure of the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates ...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
14dc9951-4ff7-4fab-ace6-3e6b18840a6f
CPython Docs
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.. note:: When called with the entire population, this gives the population variance σ². When called on a sample instead, this is the biased sample variance s², also known as variance with N degrees of freedom.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. note:: When called with the entire population, this gives the population variance σ². When called on a sample instead, this is the biased sample variance s², also known as variance with N degrees of freedom.
.. note:: When called with the entire population, this gives the population variance σ². When called on a sample instead, this is the biased sample variance s², also known as variance with N degrees of freedom.
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Generates *n* random samples for a given mean and standard deviation. Returns a :class:`list` of :class:`float` values. If *seed* is given, creates a new instance of the underlying random number generator. This is useful for creating reproducible results, even in a multi-threading context.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Generates *n* random samples for a given mean and standard deviation. Returns a :class:`list` of :class:`float` values. If *seed* is given, creates a new instance of the underlying random number generator. This is useful for creating reproducible results, even in a multi-threading context.
Generates *n* random samples for a given mean and standard deviation. Returns a :class:`list` of :class:`float` values. If *seed* is given, creates a new instance of the underlying random number generator. This is useful for creating reproducible results, even in a multi-threading context.
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distribution function, also known as the `quantile function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile_function>`_ or the `percent-point <https://web.archive.org/web/20190203145224/https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/inverse-distribution-function/>`_ function. Mathematically, it is written ``x : P(X <= x) =...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
distribution function, also known as the `quantile function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile_function>`_ or the `percent-point <https://web.archive.org/web/20190203145224/https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/inverse-distribution-function/>`_ function. Mathematically, it is written ``x : P(X <= x) =...
distribution function, also known as the `quantile function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile_function>`_ or the `percent-point <https://web.archive.org/web/20190203145224/https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/inverse-distribution-function/>`_ function. Mathematically, it is written ``x : P(X <= x) =...
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>>> 'male' if posterior_male > posterior_female else 'female' 'female' .. # This modelines must appear within the last ten lines of the file. kate: indent-width 3; remove-trailing-space on; replace-tabs on; encoding utf-8;
trusted_official_docs
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>>> 'male' if posterior_male > posterior_female else 'female' 'female' .. # This modelines must appear within the last ten lines of the file. kate: indent-width 3; remove-trailing-space on; replace-tabs on; encoding utf-8;
>>> 'male' if posterior_male > posterior_female else 'female' 'female' .. # This modelines must appear within the last ten lines of the file. kate: indent-width 3; remove-trailing-space on; replace-tabs on; encoding utf-8;
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least two elements, raises :exc:`StatisticsError` because it takes at least one point to estimate a central value and at least two points to estimate dispersion. .. method:: NormalDist.samples(n, *, seed=None)
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
least two elements, raises :exc:`StatisticsError` because it takes at least one point to estimate a central value and at least two points to estimate dispersion. .. method:: NormalDist.samples(n, *, seed=None)
least two elements, raises :exc:`StatisticsError` because it takes at least one point to estimate a central value and at least two points to estimate dispersion. .. method:: NormalDist.samples(n, *, seed=None)
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1.9, 5.1, 6.2] >>> f_hat = kde(sample, h=1.5) >>> xarr = [i/100 for i in range(-750, 1100)] >>> yarr = [f_hat(x) for x in xarr] The points in ``xarr`` and ``yarr`` can be used to make a PDF plot:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
1.9, 5.1, 6.2] >>> f_hat = kde(sample, h=1.5) >>> xarr = [i/100 for i in range(-750, 1100)] >>> yarr = [f_hat(x) for x in xarr] The points in ``xarr`` and ``yarr`` can be used to make a PDF plot:
1.9, 5.1, 6.2] >>> f_hat = kde(sample, h=1.5) >>> xarr = [i/100 for i in range(-750, 1100)] >>> yarr = [f_hat(x) for x in xarr] The points in ``xarr`` and ``yarr`` can be used to make a PDF plot:
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>>> from decimal import Decimal as D >>> variance([D("27.5"), D("30.25"), D("30.25"), D("34.5"), D("41.75")]) Decimal('31.01875') >>> from fractions import Fraction as F >>> variance([F(1, 6), F(1, 2), F(5, 3)]) Fraction(67, 108)
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
>>> from decimal import Decimal as D >>> variance([D("27.5"), D("30.25"), D("30.25"), D("34.5"), D("41.75")]) Decimal('31.01875') >>> from fractions import Fraction as F >>> variance([F(1, 6), F(1, 2), F(5, 3)]) Fraction(67, 108)
>>> from decimal import Decimal as D >>> variance([D("27.5"), D("30.25"), D("30.25"), D("34.5"), D("41.75")]) Decimal('31.01875') >>> from fractions import Fraction as F >>> variance([F(1, 6), F(1, 2), F(5, 3)]) Fraction(67, 108)
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know the actual population mean μ you should pass it to the :func:`pvariance` function as the *mu* parameter to get the variance of a sample. .. function:: quantiles(data, *, n=4, method='exclusive')
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
know the actual population mean μ you should pass it to the :func:`pvariance` function as the *mu* parameter to get the variance of a sample. .. function:: quantiles(data, *, n=4, method='exclusive')
know the actual population mean μ you should pass it to the :func:`pvariance` function as the *mu* parameter to get the variance of a sample. .. function:: quantiles(data, *, n=4, method='exclusive')
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A :exc:`StatisticsError` will be raised if the *data* sequence is empty. `Wikipedia has an example <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_density_estimation#Example>`_ where we can use :func:`kde` to generate and plot a probability density function estimated from a small sample:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
A :exc:`StatisticsError` will be raised if the *data* sequence is empty. `Wikipedia has an example <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_density_estimation#Example>`_ where we can use :func:`kde` to generate and plot a probability density function estimated from a small sample:
A :exc:`StatisticsError` will be raised if the *data* sequence is empty. `Wikipedia has an example <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_density_estimation#Example>`_ where we can use :func:`kde` to generate and plot a probability density function estimated from a small sample:
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population variance σ². When called on a sample instead, this is the biased sample variance s², also known as variance with N degrees of freedom. If you somehow know the true population mean μ, you may use this function to calculate the variance of a sample, giving the known population mean as the second argument. Pr...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
population variance σ². When called on a sample instead, this is the biased sample variance s², also known as variance with N degrees of freedom. If you somehow know the true population mean μ, you may use this function to calculate the variance of a sample, giving the known population mean as the second argument. Pr...
population variance σ². When called on a sample instead, this is the biased sample variance s², also known as variance with N degrees of freedom. If you somehow know the true population mean μ, you may use this function to calculate the variance of a sample, giving the known population mean as the second argument. Pr...
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.. doctest:: >>> year = [1971, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1983] >>> films_total = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> slope, intercept = linear_regression(year, films_total) >>> round(slope * 2019 + intercept) 16
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. doctest:: >>> year = [1971, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1983] >>> films_total = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> slope, intercept = linear_regression(year, films_total) >>> round(slope * 2019 + intercept) 16
.. doctest:: >>> year = [1971, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1983] >>> films_total = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> slope, intercept = linear_regression(year, films_total) >>> round(slope * 2019 + intercept) 16
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Monte Carlo inputs for simulations ********************************** To estimate the distribution for a model that isn't easy to solve analytically, :class:`NormalDist` can generate input samples for a `Monte Carlo simulation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method>`_:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Monte Carlo inputs for simulations ********************************** To estimate the distribution for a model that isn't easy to solve analytically, :class:`NormalDist` can generate input samples for a `Monte Carlo simulation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method>`_:
Monte Carlo inputs for simulations ********************************** To estimate the distribution for a model that isn't easy to solve analytically, :class:`NormalDist` can generate input samples for a `Monte Carlo simulation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method>`_:
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implementation-dependent. If your input data consists of mixed types, you may be able to use :func:`map` to ensure a consistent result, for example: ``map(float, input_data)``. Some datasets use ``NaN`` (not a number) values to represent missing data. Since NaNs have unusual comparison semantics, they cause surprising ...
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implementation-dependent. If your input data consists of mixed types, you may be able to use :func:`map` to ensure a consistent result, for example: ``map(float, input_data)``. Some datasets use ``NaN`` (not a number) values to represent missing data. Since NaNs have unusual comparison semantics, they cause surprising ...
implementation-dependent. If your input data consists of mixed types, you may be able to use :func:`map` to ensure a consistent result, for example: ``map(float, input_data)``. Some datasets use ``NaN`` (not a number) values to represent missing data. Since NaNs have unusual comparison semantics, they cause surprising ...
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Estimates the median for numeric data that has been `grouped or binned <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_binning>`_ around the midpoints of consecutive, fixed-width intervals. The *data* can be any iterable of numeric data with each value being exactly the midpoint of a bin. At least one value must be present.
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CPython Docs
Estimates the median for numeric data that has been `grouped or binned <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_binning>`_ around the midpoints of consecutive, fixed-width intervals. The *data* can be any iterable of numeric data with each value being exactly the midpoint of a bin. At least one value must be present.
Estimates the median for numeric data that has been `grouped or binned <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_binning>`_ around the midpoints of consecutive, fixed-width intervals. The *data* can be any iterable of numeric data with each value being exactly the midpoint of a bin. At least one value must be present.
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or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is clustered closely around the mean. If the optional second argument *xbar* is given, it should be the *sample* mean of *data*. If it is missing or ``None`` (the default), the mean is automatically calculate...
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CPython Docs
or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is clustered closely around the mean. If the optional second argument *xbar* is given, it should be the *sample* mean of *data*. If it is missing or ``None`` (the default), the mean is automatically calculate...
or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is clustered closely around the mean. If the optional second argument *xbar* is given, it should be the *sample* mean of *data*. If it is missing or ``None`` (the default), the mean is automatically calculate...
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a type of average, a measure of the central location of the data. It is often appropriate when averaging ratios or rates, for example speeds. Suppose a car travels 10 km at 40 km/hr, then another 10 km at 60 km/hr. What is the average speed?
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
a type of average, a measure of the central location of the data. It is often appropriate when averaging ratios or rates, for example speeds. Suppose a car travels 10 km at 40 km/hr, then another 10 km at 60 km/hr. What is the average speed?
a type of average, a measure of the central location of the data. It is often appropriate when averaging ratios or rates, for example speeds. Suppose a car travels 10 km at 40 km/hr, then another 10 km at 60 km/hr. What is the average speed?
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>>> m = mean(data) >>> variance(data, m) 1.3720238095238095 This function does not attempt to verify that you have passed the actual mean as *xbar*. Using arbitrary values for *xbar* can lead to invalid or impossible results.
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>>> m = mean(data) >>> variance(data, m) 1.3720238095238095 This function does not attempt to verify that you have passed the actual mean as *xbar*. Using arbitrary values for *xbar* can lead to invalid or impossible results.
>>> m = mean(data) >>> variance(data, m) 1.3720238095238095 This function does not attempt to verify that you have passed the actual mean as *xbar*. Using arbitrary values for *xbar* can lead to invalid or impossible results.
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.. function:: linear_regression(x, y, /, *, proportional=False) Return the slope and intercept of `simple linear regression <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_linear_regression>`_ parameters estimated using ordinary least squares. Simple linear regression describes the relationship between an independent variable...
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CPython Docs
.. function:: linear_regression(x, y, /, *, proportional=False) Return the slope and intercept of `simple linear regression <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_linear_regression>`_ parameters estimated using ordinary least squares. Simple linear regression describes the relationship between an independent variable...
.. function:: linear_regression(x, y, /, *, proportional=False) Return the slope and intercept of `simple linear regression <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_linear_regression>`_ parameters estimated using ordinary least squares. Simple linear regression describes the relationship between an independent variable...
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.. note:: The mean is strongly affected by `outliers <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlier>`_ and is not necessarily a typical example of the data points. For a more robust, although less efficient, measure of `central tendency <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_tendency>`_, see :func:`median`.
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.. note:: The mean is strongly affected by `outliers <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlier>`_ and is not necessarily a typical example of the data points. For a more robust, although less efficient, measure of `central tendency <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_tendency>`_, see :func:`median`.
.. note:: The mean is strongly affected by `outliers <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlier>`_ and is not necessarily a typical example of the data points. For a more robust, although less efficient, measure of `central tendency <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_tendency>`_, see :func:`median`.
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.. doctest:: >>> n = 750 # Sample size >>> p = 0.65 # Preference for Python >>> q = 1.0 - p # Preference for Ruby >>> k = 500 # Room capacity
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.. doctest:: >>> n = 750 # Sample size >>> p = 0.65 # Preference for Python >>> q = 1.0 - p # Preference for Ruby >>> k = 500 # Room capacity
.. doctest:: >>> n = 750 # Sample size >>> p = 0.65 # Preference for Python >>> q = 1.0 - p # Preference for Ruby >>> k = 500 # Room capacity
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>>> data = [2.75, 1.75, 1.25, 0.25, 0.5, 1.25, 3.5] >>> variance(data) 1.3720238095238095 If you have already calculated the sample mean of your data, you can pass it as the optional second argument *xbar* to avoid recalculation:
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CPython Docs
>>> data = [2.75, 1.75, 1.25, 0.25, 0.5, 1.25, 3.5] >>> variance(data) 1.3720238095238095 If you have already calculated the sample mean of your data, you can pass it as the optional second argument *xbar* to avoid recalculation:
>>> data = [2.75, 1.75, 1.25, 0.25, 0.5, 1.25, 3.5] >>> variance(data) 1.3720238095238095 If you have already calculated the sample mean of your data, you can pass it as the optional second argument *xbar* to avoid recalculation:
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1975, 1979, 1982, 1983] >>> films_total = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> slope, intercept = linear_regression(year, films_total) >>> round(slope * 2019 + intercept) 16 If *proportional* is true, the independent variable *x* and the dependent variable *y* are assumed to be directly proportional. The data is fit to a line passing ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
1975, 1979, 1982, 1983] >>> films_total = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> slope, intercept = linear_regression(year, films_total) >>> round(slope * 2019 + intercept) 16 If *proportional* is true, the independent variable *x* and the dependent variable *y* are assumed to be directly proportional. The data is fit to a line passing ...
1975, 1979, 1982, 1983] >>> films_total = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> slope, intercept = linear_regression(year, films_total) >>> round(slope * 2019 + intercept) 16 If *proportional* is true, the independent variable *x* and the dependent variable *y* are assumed to be directly proportional. The data is fit to a line passing ...
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.. doctest:: >>> x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> y = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3] >>> covariance(x, y) 0.75 >>> z = [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] >>> covariance(x, z) -7.5 >>> covariance(z, x) -7.5
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.. doctest:: >>> x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> y = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3] >>> covariance(x, y) 0.75 >>> z = [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] >>> covariance(x, z) -7.5 >>> covariance(z, x) -7.5
.. doctest:: >>> x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> y = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3] >>> covariance(x, y) 0.75 >>> z = [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] >>> covariance(x, z) -7.5 >>> covariance(z, x) -7.5
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>>> mean([1, 2, 3, 4, 4]) 2.8 >>> mean([-1.0, 2.5, 3.25, 5.75]) 2.625 >>> from fractions import Fraction as F >>> mean([F(3, 7), F(1, 21), F(5, 3), F(1, 3)]) Fraction(13, 21)
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
>>> mean([1, 2, 3, 4, 4]) 2.8 >>> mean([-1.0, 2.5, 3.25, 5.75]) 2.625 >>> from fractions import Fraction as F >>> mean([F(3, 7), F(1, 21), F(5, 3), F(1, 3)]) Fraction(13, 21)
>>> mean([1, 2, 3, 4, 4]) 2.8 >>> mean([-1.0, 2.5, 3.25, 5.75]) 2.625 >>> from fractions import Fraction as F >>> mean([F(3, 7), F(1, 21), F(5, 3), F(1, 3)]) Fraction(13, 21)
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
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Return the harmonic mean of *data*, a sequence or iterable of real-valued numbers. If *weights* is omitted or ``None``, then equal weighting is assumed. The harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic :func:`mean` of the reciprocals of the data. For example, the harmonic mean of three values *a*, *b* and *c* wi...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Return the harmonic mean of *data*, a sequence or iterable of real-valued numbers. If *weights* is omitted or ``None``, then equal weighting is assumed. The harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic :func:`mean` of the reciprocals of the data. For example, the harmonic mean of three values *a*, *b* and *c* wi...
Return the harmonic mean of *data*, a sequence or iterable of real-valued numbers. If *weights* is omitted or ``None``, then equal weighting is assumed. The harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic :func:`mean` of the reciprocals of the data. For example, the harmonic mean of three values *a*, *b* and *c* wi...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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>>> mode([1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4]) 3 The mode is unique in that it is the only statistic in this package that also applies to nominal (non-numeric) data:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
>>> mode([1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4]) 3 The mode is unique in that it is the only statistic in this package that also applies to nominal (non-numeric) data:
>>> mode([1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4]) 3 The mode is unique in that it is the only statistic in this package that also applies to nominal (non-numeric) data:
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
4d0034bb-9763-4664-8065-d1815d6e49bc
CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
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supabase-export-v2
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that count occurrences. The functions affected are ``median()``, ``median_low()``, ``median_high()``, ``median_grouped()``, ``mode()``, ``multimode()``, and ``quantiles()``. The ``NaN`` values should be stripped before calling these functions:: >>> from statistics import median >>> from math import isnan >>> from ite...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
that count occurrences. The functions affected are ``median()``, ``median_low()``, ``median_high()``, ``median_grouped()``, ``mode()``, ``multimode()``, and ``quantiles()``. The ``NaN`` values should be stripped before calling these functions:: >>> from statistics import median >>> from math import isnan >>> from ite...
that count occurrences. The functions affected are ``median()``, ``median_low()``, ``median_high()``, ``median_grouped()``, ``mode()``, ``multimode()``, and ``quantiles()``. The ``NaN`` values should be stripped before calling these functions:: >>> from statistics import median >>> from math import isnan >>> from ite...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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*data* can be any iterable of numeric data with each value being exactly the midpoint of a bin. At least one value must be present. The *interval* is the width of each bin.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
*data* can be any iterable of numeric data with each value being exactly the midpoint of a bin. At least one value must be present. The *interval* is the width of each bin.
*data* can be any iterable of numeric data with each value being exactly the midpoint of a bin. At least one value must be present. The *interval* is the width of each bin.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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Makes a normal distribution instance with *mu* and *sigma* parameters estimated from the *data* using :func:`fmean` and :func:`stdev`. The *data* can be any :term:`iterable` and should consist of values that can be converted to type :class:`float`. If *data* does not contain at least two elements, raises :exc:`Statis...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Makes a normal distribution instance with *mu* and *sigma* parameters estimated from the *data* using :func:`fmean` and :func:`stdev`. The *data* can be any :term:`iterable` and should consist of values that can be converted to type :class:`float`. If *data* does not contain at least two elements, raises :exc:`Statis...
Makes a normal distribution instance with *mu* and *sigma* parameters estimated from the *data* using :func:`fmean` and :func:`stdev`. The *data* can be any :term:`iterable` and should consist of values that can be converted to type :class:`float`. If *data* does not contain at least two elements, raises :exc:`Statis...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/library/statistics.rst
unknown
2728187e-f963-4035-be91-c4d7c16028dc
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supabase-export-v2
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and is not necessarily a typical example of the data points. For a more robust, although less efficient, measure of `central tendency <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_tendency>`_, see :func:`median`. The sample mean gives an unbiased estimate of the true population mean, so that when taken on average over all th...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
and is not necessarily a typical example of the data points. For a more robust, although less efficient, measure of `central tendency <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_tendency>`_, see :func:`median`. The sample mean gives an unbiased estimate of the true population mean, so that when taken on average over all th...
and is not necessarily a typical example of the data points. For a more robust, although less efficient, measure of `central tendency <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_tendency>`_, see :func:`median`. The sample mean gives an unbiased estimate of the true population mean, so that when taken on average over all th...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus