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{"text": "program change;  /* sample2a.mpl */ { compute change program. What is change? }\r\n             { no 5, 50, 500, & 5000 yen used }\r\n  var n, count : integer;\r\nbegin\r\n  writeln('please input change');  readln(n);    count := 0;\r\nwhile n>0 do begin\r\n    while n>=10 do begin\r\n        while n>=  100 do begin\r\n           while n>=1000 do begin  \r\n             while n  >=10000 do begin\r\n               count := count +1; n := n-10000;\r\n             end;\r\n             if count >0 then writeln('10000 yen : ',  count);\r\n             count := 0;\r\n             if n < 1000 then break;\r\n             count := count +1; n := n-1000;\r\n           end;\r\n             if count >0 then writeln(' 1000 yen : ',  count);\r\n             count := 0;\r\n             if n < 100 then break;\r\n              count := count +1; n := n-100;\r\n         end;\r\n         if count >0 then     writeln('  100 yen : ',  count);\r\n             count := 0;\r\n             if n < 10 then break;\r\n              count := count +1; n := n-10;\r\n      end;\r\n         if count >0 then     writeln('   10 yen : ',  count);\r\n             count := 0;\r\n             if n < 1 then break;\r\n              count := count +1; n := n-1;\r\n end;\r\n if count >            0 then writeln('    1 yen : ',  count);\r\n/*  if n !=0 then break;  */\r\nend.", "meta": {"hexsha": "47b6836a5196d93f283fd45bc1ca468cb7654280", "size": 1286, "ext": "mpl", "lang": "Maple", "max_stars_repo_path": "data/sample2a.mpl", "max_stars_repo_name": "naru380/SoftwareExperience5", "max_stars_repo_head_hexsha": "89020bf73d9fc6b58f8d564c7aaed52a0e02f371", "max_stars_repo_licenses": ["MIT"], "max_stars_count": null, "max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime": null, "max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime": null, "max_issues_repo_path": "data/sample2a.mpl", "max_issues_repo_name": "naru380/SoftwareExperience5", "max_issues_repo_head_hexsha": "89020bf73d9fc6b58f8d564c7aaed52a0e02f371", "max_issues_repo_licenses": ["MIT"], "max_issues_count": null, "max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime": null, "max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime": null, "max_forks_repo_path": "data/sample2a.mpl", "max_forks_repo_name": "naru380/SoftwareExperience5", "max_forks_repo_head_hexsha": "89020bf73d9fc6b58f8d564c7aaed52a0e02f371", "max_forks_repo_licenses": ["MIT"], "max_forks_count": null, "max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime": null, "max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime": null, "avg_line_length": 36.7428571429, "max_line_length": 80, "alphanum_fraction": 0.432348367, "num_tokens": 354, "lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B", "lm_label": "1. NO\n2. NO", "lm_q1_score": 0.4882833952958347, "lm_q2_score": 0.06560484385324576, "lm_q1q2_score": 0.03203375590451591}}
{"text": "# Teach Maple (through depends and eval) about our new binding forms.\n# forall bind from 1st arg to 2nd arg.\n# Ints,Sums,ints,sums bind from 2nd arg to 1st arg, and also from each element\n#   of the 4th arg to the other elements on the left and to the 3rd arg.\n\n`depends/forall` := proc(bvar, pred, x, $)\n  depends(pred, x minus convert(bvar, 'set'))\nend proc:\n\n`depends/Ints` := proc(body, bvar, rng, loops, x, y, $)\n  local xx, i;\n  if nargs = 5 then\n    xx := x; # y is ununsed and x lists the variables to look for\n  else\n    xx := y; # x is some KB and y lists the variables to look for\n    if depends(x, y) then return true end if;\n  end if;\n  # don't remove bvar from xx!\n  if depends(body, xx minus {bvar}) then return true end if;\n  for i from nops(loops) to 1 by -1 do\n    if depends(op([i,2],loops), xx) then return true end if;\n    xx := xx minus {op([i,1],loops)};\n  end do;\n  depends(rng, xx)\nend proc:\n`depends/Sums` := eval(`depends/Ints`):\n`depends/ints` := eval(`depends/Ints`):\n`depends/sums` := eval(`depends/Ints`):\n\n`eval/forall` := proc(e, eqs, $)\n  local bvar, pred;\n  bvar, pred := op(e);\n  eval(op(0,e), eqs)(BindingTools:-generic_evalat(bvar, pred, eqs))\nend proc:\n\n`eval/Ints` := proc(e, eqs, $)\n  local body, bvar, rng, loops, n, i;\n  body, bvar, rng, loops := op(1..4, e);\n  bvar, body := BindingTools:-generic_evalat(bvar, body, eqs);\n  eval(op(0,e), eqs)(body, bvar,\n                     BindingTools:-generic_evalatstar(rng, loops, eqs),\n                     op(5..-1,e))\nend proc:\n`eval/Sums` := eval(`eval/Ints`):\n`eval/ints` := eval(`eval/Ints`):\n`eval/sums` := eval(`eval/Ints`):\n\n`eval/Int` := proc(e, eqs, $)\n  local body, bound, bvar;\n  body, bound := op(1..2, e);\n  if bound :: name then\n    bound, body := BindingTools:-generic_evalat(bound, body, eqs);\n  elif bound :: `=` then\n    bvar := lhs(bound);\n    bvar, body := BindingTools:-generic_evalat(bvar, body, eqs);\n    bound := bvar = eval(rhs(bound), eqs);\n  else\n    body, bound := BindingTools:-generic_evalatstar(body, bound, eqs);\n  end if;\n  eval(op(0,e), eqs)(body, bound, op(eval([op(3..-1,e)], eqs)))\nend proc:\n`eval/Sum`     := eval(`eval/Int`):\n`eval/Product` := eval(`eval/Int`):\n`eval/int`     := eval(`eval/Int`):\n`eval/sum`     := eval(`eval/Int`):\n`eval/product` := eval(`eval/Int`):\n\n#############################################################################\n\nLoop := module ()\n  option package;\n  local intssums, enter_piecewise, wrap,\n        t_peel, do_peel, do_split, do_graft, do_rebase_lower, do_rebase_upper,\n        Binder, Stmt, t_binder, t_stmt, t_exp,\n        ModuleLoad;\n  export\n     # These first few are smart constructors (for themselves):\n         ints, sums,\n     # while these are \"proper functions\"\n         mk_HArray, genLoop, unproducts, unproduct,\n         peel, split, graft, rebase_lower, rebase_upper, Print;\n  # these names are not assigned (and should not be).  But they are\n  # used as global names, so document that here.\n  global Ints, Sums, csgn, sum;\n  uses Hakaru, KB;\n\n  t_binder := 'Binder(identical(product, Product, sum, Sum), t_kb)';\n  t_stmt   := 'Stmt(anything, list, list)';\n  t_exp    := '{Stmt(identical(exp), [], []),\n                Stmt(identical(`^`), [anything], [])}';\n\n  ints := proc() intssums('ints', 'int', _passed) end proc;\n  sums := proc() intssums('sums', 'sum', _passed) end proc;\n\n  Print := proc(kind::identical(Ints,Sums,ints,sums),e,v::name,r0::range,rs::list(name=range),$)\n    local k;\n    k := StringTools[Capitalize](StringTools[Chop](convert(kind,string)));\n    k := parse(cat(\"`print/\",eval(k),\"`\"));\n    eval(k)(e,v[op(rs)]=r0);\n  end proc;\n\n  intssums := proc(makes::name, make::name,\n                   e::anything, x::name, rr::range, ll::list(name=range),\n                   kb::t_kb:=empty, $)\n    local t, r, l, kb2, w0, pp, i;\n    t := `if`(make=int, HReal(open_bounds(rr)), HInt(closed_bounds(rr)));\n    r, l, kb2 := genLoop(rr, ll, kb, 'Integrand'(x,e));\n    w0, pp := unproducts(e, x, l, kb2);\n    if depends(w0, x) then\n      'makes(e, x, rr, ll)'\n    else\n      pp := 'make'(pp, x=r);\n      for i in l do pp := 'product'(pp, i) end do;\n      NewSLO:-simplify_factor_assuming(w0 * pp, kb);\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  mk_HArray := proc(t::t_type, loops::list(name=range), $)\n    local res, i;\n    res := t;\n    for i in loops do res := HArray(res) end do;\n    res\n  end proc;\n\n  genLoop := proc(e, loops::list(name=range), kb::t_kb)\n    local kb1, rng, ind, do_subst, i;\n    kb1 := kb;\n    rng := table();\n    ind := table();\n    do_subst := e -> foldl(((e,eq) -> eval(e, op([lhs(eq),1],loops)=rhs(eq))),\n                           e, entries(ind, 'pairs'));\n    for i from nops(loops) to 1 by -1 do\n      rng[i] := do_subst(op([i,2],loops));\n      ind[i], kb1 := genType(op([i,1],loops), HInt(closed_bounds(rng[i])),\n                               kb1, _rest);\n    end do;\n    do_subst(e), zip(`=`, [entries(ind, 'nolist')],\n                          [entries(rng, 'nolist')]), kb1\n  end proc;\n\n  unproducts := proc(w, x::name, loops::list(name=range), kb::t_kb, $)\n    local w0, pp, j, w1, w2, loop;\n    w0 := 1;\n    pp := w;\n    for j from nops(loops) to 1 by -1 do\n      w1, pp := op(unproduct(pp, x, op(j,loops), [], `*`, kb, kb));\n      # separate out each of the factors in w1, as they might have different\n      # variable dependencies, which can be exploited by other routines\n      w2 := convert(w1, 'list', '`*`');\n      for loop in [op(j+1..-1, loops)] do\n        w2 := map((w -> product(eval(w, x=idx(x,lhs(loop))), loop)), w2);\n      end do;\n      w0 := w0 * `*`(op(w2));\n      # w0 := w0 * foldl(product, w1, op(j+1..-1, loops));\n    end do;\n    # Rewrite ... * piecewise(i<=kk-1, xs^2, 1)\n    #      to ... * xs ^ (2*piecewise(i<=kk-1, 1))\n    # because the latter is easier to integrate and recognize with respect to xs\n    pp := for_poly(pp, # TODO: move this rewrite into eval_factor (then remove for_poly?)?\n      proc (p)\n        local n, s, r;\n        if p :: 'And(specfunc(piecewise), anyfunc(freeof(x), anything, 1))' then\n          n := indets(op(1,p),name);\n          if op(2,p) :: {'exp(anything)', '`^`'('freeof'(n),'anything')} then\n            s, r := selectremove(depends, convert(op([2,-1],p),'list','`*`'), n);\n            subsop(-1 = `*`(piecewise(op(1,p), `*`(op(s))), op(r)), op(2,p))\n          else\n            s, r := selectremove(depends, convert(op(2,p),'list','`*`'), n);\n            `*`(op(r)) ^ piecewise(op(1,p), 1)\n              * `if`(nops(s) > 0, piecewise(op(1,p), `*`(op(s)), 1), 1)\n          end if\n        else\n          p\n        end if\n      end proc);\n    w0, pp\n  end proc;\n\n  # Find [w1,pp] so that\n  #   wrap(heap,w,mode,kb1,kb0)\n  #   = w1*product(eval(pp,var=idx(var,lhs(loop))),loop)\n  # making w1 depend on var as little as possible.\n  # The flag \"mode\" should be `+` if \"heap\" contains an entry of the form\n  # t_exp, or `*` otherwise.\n  unproduct := proc(w, var::name, loop::(name=range),\n                    heap::list, mode::identical(`*`,`+`),\n                    kb1::t_kb, kb0::t_kb, $)\n    local ind, res, dummy, kb, kbThen, i, w1, pp, s, r, x;\n    if not depends(w, var) then\n      return [wrap(heap, w, mode, kb1, kb0), 1]\n    end if;\n    # The `..' (indices) of all occurences of `idx(var,..)'\n    ind := map2(op, 2, indets(w, idx(identical(var), anything)));\n    if nops(ind) = 1 then\n      ind := op(ind);\n      # Make sure ind contains no bound variables before lifting it!\n      # So, check that \"extract using indets\" and \"rename using eval\" commute.\n      s := indets(ind, 'name');\n      s := map(proc(x,$) local y; `if`(depends(ind,x), x=y, NULL) end proc, s);\n      if indets(eval(w, s), idx(identical(var), anything))\n                = {idx(var, eval(ind, s))} then\n        # use kb as a local context, and 'solve' for the innermost bound var\n        #   used in ind.\n        kb  := assert(lhs(loop)=ind, kb1); # BUG! bijectivity assumed!\n        # if the assertion makes the KB false, it isn't needed(?)\n        ASSERT(type(kb, t_kb),\n          sprintf(\"assert(%a,%a) produced a false KB!\\n\", lhs(loop)=ind,kb1)):\n        res := subs(idx(var,ind) = idx(var,lhs(loop)), w);\n        res := wrap(heap, res, mode, kb, kb0);\n        res := subs(idx(var,lhs(loop))=dummy, res);\n        if not depends(res, var) then\n          return [1, subs(dummy=var, res)]\n        end if\n      end if\n    end if;\n    # distribute the unproduct over each part\n    if w :: mode then\n      res := map(unproduct, `if`(mode=`*`, list_of_mul(w), [op(w)]),\n                 var, loop, heap, mode, kb1, kb0);\n      return [`*`(op(map2(op,1,res))), `*`(op(map2(op,2,res)))]\n    end if;\n    # for piecewise, just map right in (using KB for context tracking)\n    if w :: 'specfunc(piecewise)' then\n      kb := kb1;\n      for i from 1 to nops(w) do\n        if i :: even then\n          kbThen := assert(    op(i-1,w) , kb);\n          # accumulate the rest, regardless\n          kb     := assert(Not(op(i-1,w)), kb);\n\n          # if kbThen is invalid, deal appropriately\n          if not type(kbThen,t_kb) then next end if;\n\n          w1[i], pp[i] := op(unproduct(op(i,w),var,loop,heap,mode,kbThen,kb0));\n          # if kb is inconsistent, we're done\n          if not type(kb,t_kb) then break end if;\n        elif i = nops(w) then\n          if not type(kb,t_kb) then next end if;\n          w1[i], pp[i] := op(unproduct(op(i,w),var,loop,heap,mode,kb    ,kb0))\n        end if\n      end do;\n      return [`*`(entries(w1,'nolist')), `*`(entries(pp,'nolist'))]\n    end if;\n    if mode = `*` then\n      if w :: (anything^freeof(var)) then\n        return unproduct(op(1,w), var, loop,\n                         [op(heap), Stmt(`^`, [], [op(2,w)])], `*`, kb1, kb0)\n      elif w :: exp(anything) then\n        return unproduct(op(1,w), var, loop,\n                         [op(heap), Stmt(exp, [], [])], `+`, kb1, kb0)\n      elif w :: (freeof(var)^anything) then\n        return unproduct(op(2,w), var, loop,\n                         [op(heap), Stmt(`^`, [op(1,w)], [])], `+`, kb1, kb0)\n      end if\n    end if;\n    if mode = `+` and w :: `*` then\n      s, r := selectremove(depends, w, var);\n      if s :: `*` then\n        # Nonlinear %1 (time to reread kiselyov-lifted?)\n      else\n        return unproduct(s, var, loop,\n                         [op(heap), Stmt(`*`, [], [r])], `+`, kb1, kb0)\n      end if\n    end if;\n    if w :: And(specfunc(`if`(mode = `*`, {product, Product}, {sum, Sum})),\n                anyfunc(anything, name=range(freeof(var)))) then\n      x, kb := genType(op([2,1],w), HInt(closed_bounds(op([2,2],w))), kb1,\n                       w, var, loop, heap);\n      return unproduct(eval(op(1,w), op([2,1],w)=x), var, loop,\n                       [op(heap), Binder(op(0,w), kb1)], mode, kb, kb0)\n    end if;\n    if mode = `*` and w :: '{`+`, specfunc({sum, Sum})}' then\n      # Maybe this w is one of those big sums involving products that are\n      # always equal to 1, left behind by the density of Categorical\n      w1 := graft(split(peel(w)));\n      w1 := combine(rebase_upper(w1));\n      w1 := combine(rebase_lower(w1));\n      return [wrap(heap, w1, mode, kb1, kb0), 1]\n    end if;\n    return [wrap(heap, w, mode, kb1, kb0), 1]\n  end proc;\n\n  enter_piecewise := proc(ee, kb0::t_kb, mode::identical(`*`,`+`), $)\n    local e, kb, mo;\n    e  := ee;\n    kb := kb0;\n    mo := mode();\n    while e :: 'specfunc(piecewise)' and nops(e) = 3 do\n      if op(3,e) = mo then\n        kb := assert(op(1,e), kb);\n        e := op(2,e);\n      elif op(2,e) = mo then\n        kb := assert(Not(op(1,e)), kb);\n        e := op(3,e);\n      else\n        break;\n      end if;\n    end do;\n    ASSERT(type(kb,t_kb), \"enter_piecewise: KB of piecewise conditions is not valid, so the input piecewise must not be valid.\");\n    e, kb\n  end proc;\n\n  # heap is a list of t_binder and t_stmt\n  # one invariant to maintain:\n  #  wrap(heap, mode(a,b)) = wrap(heap,a) * wrap(heap,b)\n\n  # Also, a t_binder is a Product/product/Sum/sum.\n  # And, a t_stmt is a 1-hole context of a (multiplicative) AST,\n  #   used for [a ^ hole, hole ^ b, exp(hole), c * hole].\n\n  wrap := proc(heap::list, e1, mode1::identical(`*`,`+`),\n               kb1::t_kb, kb0::t_kb, $)\n    local e, kb, mode, i, entry, rest, var, new_rng, make, logmake,\n       dom_spec, w, wPow, wExp, arrrgs;\n    e    := e1;\n    kb   := kb1;\n    mode := mode1;\n    for i from nops(heap) to 1 by -1 do\n      entry := op(i,heap);\n      if entry :: t_binder then\n        if not (op(1,entry) in `if`(mode=`+`, {sum,Sum},\n                                              {product,Product})) then\n          print(\"Warning: heap mode inconsistency\", heap, mode1)\n        end if;\n        e, kb := enter_piecewise(e, kb, mode);\n        rest := kb_subtract(kb, op(2,entry));\n        new_rng, rest := selectremove(type, rest,\n          {[identical(genType), name, specfunc(HInt)],\n           [identical(genLet), name, anything]});\n        if not (new_rng :: [list]) then\n          error \"kb_subtract should return exactly one gen*\"\n        end if;\n        new_rng := op(new_rng);\n        var     := op(2,new_rng);\n        if op(1,new_rng) = genType then\n          make    := op(1,entry);\n          new_rng := range_of_HInt(op(3,new_rng));\n        else # op(1,new_rng) = genLet\n          make    := eval;\n          new_rng := op(3,new_rng);\n        end if;\n        dom_spec, rest := selectremove(depends,\n          map(proc(a::[identical(assert),anything],$) op(2,a) end proc, rest),\n          var);\n\n        # Like e := make(piecewise(And(op(dom_spec)), e, mode()), var=new_rng);\n        # but try to simplify by pushing the make and the piecewise into e\n        (e, w) := selectremove(depends, convert(e, 'list', `*`), var);\n        w := `*`(op(w));\n        if mode = `*` then\n          (wPow, e) := selectremove(type, e, '`^`'('freeof'(var), 'anything'));\n          (wExp, e) := selectremove(type, e, 'exp(anything)');\n          wExp := `+`(op(map2(op, 1, wExp)));\n          logmake := t -> `if`(make=eval,eval,Sum)\n                              (piecewise_And(dom_spec,t,0), var=new_rng);\n          w := `*`( `if`(w = 1, 1, w ^ logmake(1))\n                  , op(map((f -> op(1,f) ^ logmake(op(2,f))), wPow))\n                  , `if`(wExp = 0, 1, exp(logmake(wExp))) );\n        end if;\n        e := w * make(piecewise_And(dom_spec, `*`(op(e)), mode()), var=new_rng);\n\n        # `rest' originally comes from `entry', and this reinserts it after some\n        # processing. The original KB was valid, so this one should also be valid.\n        kb := foldr(assert, op(2,entry), op(rest));\n        ASSERT(type(kb,t_kb), \"Loop/wrap{t_binder}: rebuilding kb produced contradiction\");\n\n      elif entry :: t_stmt then\n        # We evaluate arrrgs first, in case op(1,stmt) is an operation (such as\n        # piecewise) that looks ahead at how many arguments it is passed before\n        # they are evaluated.\n        arrrgs := op(op(2,entry)), e, op(op(3,entry));\n        e      := op(1,entry)(arrrgs);\n        if entry :: t_exp then\n          if mode <> `+` then\n            print(\"Warning: heap mode inconsistency?\", heap, mode1)\n          end if;\n          mode := `*`;\n        end if\n      else error \"Malformed heap entry %1\", entry end if\n    end do;\n    if mode <> `*` then\n      print(\"Warning: heap mode inconsistency??\", heap, mode1)\n    end if;\n    e, kb := enter_piecewise(e, kb, mode);\n    rest := kb_subtract(kb, kb0);\n    rest := map(proc(a::[identical(assert),anything],$) op(2,a) end proc, rest);\n    piecewise_And(rest,e,mode())\n  end proc;\n\n  # Rewrite product(...piecewise(i+42=lo+42,th,el)...,i=lo..hi)\n  # to eval(...th...,i=lo)*product(...el...,i=lo+1..hi)\n  t_peel := 'And(specfunc({sum,Sum,product,Product}),\n                 anyfunc(anything, name=range))';\n  peel := proc(e, $)\n    subsindets(e, t_peel, do_peel);\n  end proc;\n  do_peel := proc(e, $)\n    local make, body, x, r, cond, line, test, x0, r0, cond0, here, rest;\n    if not (e :: t_peel) then return e end if;\n    if   op(0,e) in '{sum    ,Sum    }' then make := `+`;\n    elif op(0,e) in '{product,Product}' then make := `*`; end if;\n    body, r := op(e);\n    x, r    := op(r);\n    for cond in indets(body, '{`=`(algebraic),`<`,`<=`}') do\n      line := `-`(op(cond));\n      if 1 <> degree(line, x) then next end if;\n      if cond :: `=` then\n        cond0 := true;\n        if Testzero(eval(line, x=lhs(r))) then\n          x0 := lhs(r); r0 := applyop(`+`, 1, r, 1);\n        elif Testzero(eval(line, x=rhs(r))) then\n          x0 := rhs(r); r0 := applyop(`-`, 2, r, 1);\n        else next end if;\n      else\n        test := proc(x0, x1, $)\n          local res;\n          res := evalb(not op(0,cond)(eval(line, x=x1), 0));\n          `if`(res in '{true,false}'\n                 and evalb(op(0,cond)(eval(line, x=x0), 0)) = res,\n               res,\n               FAIL)\n        end proc;\n        cond0 := test(lhs(r), lhs(r)+1);\n        if cond0 <> FAIL then\n          x0 := lhs(r); r0 := applyop(`+`, 1, r, 1);\n        else\n          cond0 := test(rhs(r), rhs(r)-1);\n          if cond0 <> FAIL then\n            x0 := rhs(r); r0 := applyop(`-`, 2, r, 1);\n          else next end if;\n        end if;\n      end if;\n      here := subs(cond =           cond0 , body);\n      rest := subs(cond = evalb(not cond0), body);\n      return make(eval(here, x=x0), do_peel(eval(subsop(1=rest, [2,2]=r0, e))));\n    end do;\n    return e;\n  end proc;\n\n  # Expand sum(a*(b-c),q) to sum(a*b,q)-sum(a*c,q)\n  split := proc(e, $)\n    subsindets(e, 'And(specfunc({sum,Sum}),\n                       anyfunc(And(`*`,Not(`*`(Not(`+`)))),name=anything))',\n                  do_split);\n  end proc;\n  do_split := proc(e, $)\n    local terms, x;\n    terms := convert(expand(op(1,e), op(indets(op(1,e), function))),\n                     'list', `+`);\n    x := op([2,1],e);\n    `+`(op(map(proc(term, $)\n      local s, r;\n      s, r := selectremove(depends, convert(term, 'list', `*`), x);\n      `*`(op(r), subsop(1=`*`(op(s)),e))\n    end proc, terms)))\n  end proc;\n\n  # Simplify f(lo-1)*product(f(i),i=lo..hi) to product(f(i),i=lo-1..hi)\n  graft := proc(e, $)\n    subsindets(e, 'Or(And(`*`,Not(`*`(Not(specfunc({product,Product}))))),\n                      And(`+`,Not(`+`(Not(specfunc({sum    ,Sum    }))))))',\n                  do_graft);\n  end proc;\n  do_graft := proc(e, $)\n    local produce, factors, i, j;\n    produce := `if`(e::`*`, '{product,Product}',\n                            '{sum    ,Sum    }');\n    factors := sort(convert(e,'list'),\n                    key = (factor -> -numboccur(factor,produce)));\n    for i from nops(factors) to 2 by -1 do\n      for j from i-1 to 1 by -1 do\n        if op(j,factors) :: 'And'('specfunc'(produce),\n                                  'anyfunc(anything,name=range)') then\n          if Testzero(op(i,factors) - eval(op([j,1],factors),\n               op([j,2,1],factors)=op([j,2,2,1],factors)-1)) then\n            factors := subsop(i=NULL,applyop(`-`,[j,2,2,1],factors,1));\n            break\n          elif Testzero(op(i,factors) - eval(op([j,1],factors),\n                 op([j,2,1],factors)=op([j,2,2,2],factors)+1)) then\n            factors := subsop(i=NULL,applyop(`+`,[j,2,2,2],factors,1));\n            break\n          end if\n        end if\n      end do\n    end do;\n    op(0,e)(op(factors))\n  end proc;\n\n  # Normalize sum(f(i),i=2..hi) to sum(f(i+2),i=0..hi-2)\n  rebase_lower := proc(e, $)\n    subsindets(e, 'And(specfunc({sum,Sum,product,Product}),\n                       anyfunc(anything,\n                         name=Not({0,SymbolicInfinity,undefined})..anything))',\n                  do_rebase_lower);\n  end proc;\n  do_rebase_lower := proc(e, $)\n    subsop([2,2,1]=0,\n           applyop(`-`,\n                   [2,2,2],\n                   applyop(eval, 1, e, op([2,1],e)=op([2,1],e)+op([2,2,1],e)),\n                   op([2,2,1],e)))\n  end proc;\n\n  # Normalize sum(f(i),i=lo..2) to sum(f(i+2),i=lo-2..0)\n  rebase_upper := proc(e, $)\n    subsindets(e, 'And(specfunc({sum,Sum,product,Product}),\n                       anyfunc(anything,\n                         name=anything..Not({0,SymbolicInfinity,undefined})))',\n                  do_rebase_upper);\n  end proc;\n  do_rebase_upper := proc(e, $)\n    subsop([2,2,2]=0,\n           applyop(`-`,\n                   [2,2,1],\n                   applyop(eval, 1, e, op([2,1],e)=op([2,1],e)+op([2,2,2],e)),\n                   op([2,2,2],e)))\n  end proc;\n\n  ModuleLoad := proc($)\n    # Override csgn to work a little bit harder on piecewise and sum\n    # (to get rid of csgn(1/2+1/2*sum(piecewise(...,1,0),...))\n    #  produced by int on a Gaussian mixture model)\n    unprotect(csgn);\n    csgn := overload([\n      # Handle if the csgn of a piecewise doesn't depend on which branch\n      proc(a :: specfunc(piecewise), $)\n        option overload;\n        local r, i;\n        r := {seq(`if`(i::even or i=nops(a), csgn(op(i,a)), NULL),\n                  i=1..nops(a))};\n        if nops(r)=1 then return op(r) end if;\n        if not assigned(_Envsignum0) then\n          r := r minus {0};\n          if nops(r)=1 then return op(r) end if;\n        end if;\n        error \"invalid input: cannot csgn %1\", a;\n      end proc,\n      # Handle if the csgn of a sum doesn't depend on the bound variable\n      proc(a :: And(specfunc({sum, Sum}), anyfunc(anything, name=range)), $)\n        option overload;\n        local r;\n        r := csgn(op(1,a));\n        if not depends(r,op([2,1],a)) then\n          return signum(op([2,2,2],a)+1-op([2,2,1],a)) * r\n        end if;\n        error \"invalid input: cannot csgn %1\", a;\n      end proc,\n      csgn]);\n    protect(csgn);\n\n    # Override sum to fail faster\n    unprotect(sum);\n    sum := overload([\n      proc(f :: Not({`+`,`+`^integer}),\n           k :: name=And(range,Not(range(rational))), $)\n        option overload;\n        if not (`-`(op(rhs(k))) :: 'rational')\n           and not (subsindets(f, 'anything^integer', f->op(1,f))\n                    :: '{`+`,And(`*`,Not(`*`(Not(`+`))))}')\n           and depends(indets(f, '{specfunc(idx), specindex(idx)}'), op(1,k))\n        then\n          'procname(_passed)'\n        else\n          error \"invalid input: cannot fast-fail sum(%1, %2)\", _passed\n        end if\n      end proc,\n      sum]);\n    protect(sum);\n\n    :-`print/Ints` := curry(thismodule:-Print,Ints);\n    :-`print/Sums` := curry(thismodule:-Print,Sums);\n    :-`print/ints` := curry(thismodule:-Print,ints);\n    :-`print/sums` := curry(thismodule:-Print,sums);\n\n  end proc;\n  ModuleLoad():\nend module; # Loop\n", "meta": {"hexsha": "be1c470b934376f19a5947fcbe5be05d903c864c", "size": 22446, "ext": "mpl", "lang": "Maple", "max_stars_repo_path": "maple/Loop.mpl", "max_stars_repo_name": "zaxtax/hakaru", "max_stars_repo_head_hexsha": "03ac5b645815e99437e28d228e6c668753b2640e", "max_stars_repo_licenses": ["BSD-3-Clause"], "max_stars_count": 4, "max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime": "2015-02-07T17:57:04.000Z", "max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime": "2016-01-29T19:40:24.000Z", "max_issues_repo_path": "maple/Loop.mpl", "max_issues_repo_name": "zaxtax/hakaru", "max_issues_repo_head_hexsha": "03ac5b645815e99437e28d228e6c668753b2640e", "max_issues_repo_licenses": ["BSD-3-Clause"], "max_issues_count": null, "max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime": null, "max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime": null, "max_forks_repo_path": "maple/Loop.mpl", "max_forks_repo_name": "zaxtax/hakaru", "max_forks_repo_head_hexsha": "03ac5b645815e99437e28d228e6c668753b2640e", "max_forks_repo_licenses": ["BSD-3-Clause"], "max_forks_count": null, "max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime": null, "max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime": null, "avg_line_length": 38.8339100346, "max_line_length": 129, "alphanum_fraction": 0.5251269714, "num_tokens": 7078, "lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B", "lm_label": "1. 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{"text": "# Teach Maple (through depends and eval) about our new binding forms.\n# lam binds from 1st arg to 3rd arg.\n# Branch binds from 1st arg (a pattern) to 2nd arg.\n# Bind and ary bind from 2nd arg to 3rd arg.\n\n# note that v _can_ in principle occur in t.\n`depends/lam` := proc(v::name, t, e, x, $)\n  depends(t, x) or depends(e, x minus {v})\nend proc:\n\n`depends/Branch` := proc(p, e, x, $)\n  depends(e, x minus {Hakaru:-pattern_binds(p)})\nend proc:\n\n# note that v _can_ occur in m1.\n`depends/Bind` := proc(m1, v::name, m2, x, $)\n  depends(m1, x) or depends(m2, x minus {v})\nend proc:\n\n# note that i _can_ occur in n.\n`depends/ary` := proc(n, i::name, e, x, $)\n  depends(n, x) or depends(e, x minus {i})\nend proc:\n`depends/Plate` := eval(`depends/ary`):\n\n`eval/lam` := proc(e, eqs, $)\n  local v, t, ee;\n  v, t, ee := op(e);\n  v, ee := BindingTools:-generic_evalat(v, ee, eqs);\n  t := eval(t, eqs);\n  eval(op(0,e), eqs)(v, t, ee)\nend proc:\n\n`eval/Branch` := proc(e, eqs, $)\n  local p, ee, vBefore, vAfter;\n  p, ee := op(e);\n  vBefore := [Hakaru:-pattern_binds(p)];\n  vAfter, ee := BindingTools:-generic_evalat(vBefore, ee, eqs);\n  eval(op(0,e), eqs)(subs(op(zip(`=`, vBefore, vAfter)), p), ee)\nend proc:\n\n`eval/Bind` := proc(e, eqs, $)\n  local m1, v, m2;\n  m1, v, m2 := op(e);\n  eval(op(0,e), eqs)(eval(m1, eqs), BindingTools:-generic_evalat(v, m2, eqs))\nend proc:\n\n`eval/ary` := proc(e, eqs, $)\n  local n, i, ee;\n  n, i, ee := op(e);\n  eval(op(0,e), eqs)(eval(n, eqs), BindingTools:-generic_evalat(i, ee, eqs))\nend proc:\n`eval/Plate` := eval(`eval/ary`):\n\n#############################################################################\nHakaru := module ()\n  option package;\n  local p_true, p_false, make_piece, Mk_Plus, lift1_piecewise,\n        ModuleLoad, ModuleUnload;\n  export\n     # These first few are smart constructors (for themselves):\n         case, app, ary, idx, fst, snd, size, Datum,\n     # while these are \"proper functions\"\n         verify_measure, verify_hboolean, pattern_equiv,\n         piecewise_And, map_piecewiselike, lift_piecewise, foldr_piecewise,\n         flatten_piecewise,\n         pattern_match, pattern_binds,\n         closed_bounds, open_bounds,\n         htype_patterns,\n         bool_And, bool_Or, bool_Not,\n         UpdateArchive;\n  # These names are not assigned (and should not be).  But they are\n  # used as global names, so document that here.\n  global\n     # Basic syntax for composing measures\n         Bind, Weight, Ret, Msum, Plate, Context, Pair, _Unit, PARTITION,\n     # Primitive (known) measures\n         Lebesgue, Uniform, Gaussian, Cauchy, StudentT, BetaD,\n         GammaD, ChiSquared,\n         Counting, Categorical, NegativeBinomial, PoissonD,\n     # Functions, annotated with argument type, applied using \"app\"\n         lam,\n     # Term constructors for Datum (algebraic data type)\n         Inr, Inl, Et, Done, Konst, Ident,\n     # The parts of \"case\" besides the scrutinee\n         Branches, Branch,\n     # Pattern constructors\n         PWild, PVar, PDatum, PInr, PInl, PEt, PDone, PKonst, PIdent,\n     # Verification of alpha-equivalence among measures\n         measure,\n     # Punctuation for matching free variables with measures for disintegration\n         `&M`,\n     # Structure types for Hakaru types and Hakaru \"case\" expressions\n         known_continuous, known_discrete, t_Hakaru, t_type, t_case,\n     # Structure types for piecewise-like expressions:\n     # piecewise, case, and idx into literal array\n         t_pw, t_piecewiselike,\n     #other types\n         `&implies`,\n     # Type constructors for Hakaru\n         AlmostEveryReal, HReal, HInt, HData, HMeasure, HArray, HFunction,\n         Bound, DatumStruct;\n  p_true  := 'PDatum(true,PInl(PDone))';\n  p_false := 'PDatum(false,PInr(PInl(PDone)))';\n\n  case := proc(e, bs :: specfunc(Branch(anything, anything), Branches), $)\n    local ret, b, substs, eSubst, pSubst, p, binds, uncertain;\n    if e :: 't_piecewiselike' then\n      map_piecewiselike(procname, _passed)\n    else\n      ret := Branches();\n      for b in bs do\n        substs := pattern_match(e, e, op(1,b));\n        if substs <> NULL then\n          eSubst, pSubst := substs;\n          p := subs(pSubst, op(1,b));\n          binds := {pattern_binds(p)};\n          uncertain := remove((eq -> lhs(eq) in binds), eSubst);\n          if nops(uncertain) = 0 then p := PWild end if;\n          ret := Branches(op(ret),\n                          Branch(p, eval(eval(op(2,b), pSubst), eSubst)));\n          if nops(uncertain) = 0 then break end if;\n        end if\n      end do;\n      if ret :: Branches(Branch(identical(PWild), anything)) then\n        op([1,2], ret)\n      elif ret :: Branches(Branch(identical(p_true), anything),\n                           Branch({identical(p_false),\n                                   identical(PWild),\n                                   PVar(anything)}, anything)) then\n        piecewise(make_piece(e), op([1,2], ret), op([2,2], ret))\n      elif ret :: Branches(Branch(identical(p_false), anything),\n                           Branch({identical(p_true),\n                                   identical(PWild),\n                                   PVar(anything)}, anything)) then\n        piecewise(make_piece(e), op([2,2], ret), op([1,2], ret))\n      else\n        'case'(e, ret)\n      end if\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  pattern_match := proc(e0, e, p, $)\n    local x, substs, eSubst, pSubst;\n    if p = PWild then return {}, {}\n    elif p :: PVar(anything) then\n      x := op(1,p);\n      pSubst := {`if`(depends(e0,x), x=gensym(x), NULL)};\n      return {subs(pSubst,x)=e}, pSubst;\n    elif p = p_true then\n      if e = true then return {}, {}\n      elif e = false then return NULL\n      end if\n    elif p = p_false then\n      if e = false then return {}, {}\n      elif e = true then return NULL\n      end if\n    elif p :: PDatum(anything, anything) then\n      if e :: Datum(anything, anything) then\n        if op(1,e) = op(1,p) then return pattern_match(e0, op(2,e), op(2,p))\n        else return NULL\n        end if\n      end if\n    elif p :: PInl(anything) then\n      if e :: Inl(anything) then return pattern_match(e0, op(1,e), op(1,p))\n      elif e :: Inr(anything) then return NULL\n      end if\n    elif p :: PInr(anything) then\n      if e :: Inr(anything) then return pattern_match(e0, op(1,e), op(1,p))\n      elif e :: Inl(anything) then return NULL\n      end if\n    elif p :: PEt(anything, anything) then\n      if e :: Et(anything, anything) then\n        substs := pattern_match(e0, op(1,e), op(1,p));\n        if substs = NULL then return NULL end if;\n        eSubst, pSubst := substs;\n        substs := pattern_match(e0, eval(op(2,e),eSubst), op(2,p));\n        if substs = NULL then return NULL end if;\n        return eSubst union substs[1], pSubst union substs[2];\n      elif e = Done then return NULL\n      end if\n    elif p = PDone then\n      if e = Done then return {}, {}\n      elif e :: Et(anything, anything) then return NULL\n      end if\n    elif p :: PKonst(anything) then\n      if e :: Konst(anything) then return pattern_match(e0, op(1,e), op(1,p))\n      end if\n    elif p :: PIdent(anything) then\n      if e :: Ident(anything) then return pattern_match(e0, op(1,e), op(1,p))\n      end if\n    else\n      error \"pattern_match: %1 is not a pattern\", p\n    end if;\n    pSubst := map((x -> `if`(depends(e0,x), x=gensym(x), NULL)),\n                  {pattern_binds(p)});\n    eSubst := {e=subsindets(\n                   subsindets[nocache](\n                     subs(pSubst,\n                          p_true=true,\n                          p_false=false,\n                          PDatum=Datum, PInr=Inr, PInl=Inl, PEt=Et, PDone=Done,\n                          PKonst=Konst, PIdent=Ident,\n                          p),\n                     identical(PWild),\n                     p -> gensym(_)),\n                   PVar(anything),\n                   p -> op(1,p))};\n    eSubst, pSubst\n  end proc;\n\n  make_piece := proc(rel, $)\n    # Try to prevent PiecewiseTools:-Is from complaining\n    # \"Wrong kind of parameters in piecewise\"\n    if rel :: {specfunc(anything, {And,Or,Not}), `and`, `or`, `not`} then\n      map(make_piece, rel)\n    elif rel :: {'`::`', 'boolean', '`in`'} then\n      rel\n    else\n      rel = true\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  pattern_binds := proc(p, $)\n    if p = PWild or p = PDone then\n      NULL\n    elif p :: PVar(anything) then\n      op(1,p)\n    elif p :: PDatum(anything, anything) then\n      pattern_binds(op(2,p))\n    elif p :: {PInl(anything), PInr(anything),\n               PKonst(anything), PIdent(anything)} then\n      pattern_binds(op(1,p))\n    elif p :: PEt(anything, anything) then\n      pattern_binds(op(1,p)), pattern_binds(op(2,p))\n    else\n      error \"pattern_binds: %1 is not a pattern\", p\n    end if\n  end proc:\n\n  verify_hboolean := proc(a, b, $)\n    local x,y,conv_tbl,and_fn,or_fn,not_fn;\n    and_fn := ((x->AND({op(x)}))@`bool_And`);\n    or_fn  := ((x->OR({op(x)}))@`bool_Or`);\n    not_fn := bool_Not;\n    conv_tbl := table([`and`=and_fn,`And`=and_fn,`Or`=or_fn,`or`=or_fn,`Not`=not_fn,`not`=not_fn]);\n    x,y := subsindets([a,b], Or(`and`,`or`,`not`, specfunc({`And`,`Or`,`Not`})), x->conv_tbl[op(0,x)](op(x)))[];\n    evalb(x=y);\n  end proc;\n\n  verify_measure := proc(m, n, v:='hboolean', $)\n    local mv, x, i, j, k;\n    mv := measure(v);\n    if m :: specfunc({Bind, Plate}) and n :: specfunc({Bind, Plate}) and\n       (verify(m, n, 'Bind'(mv, true, true))\n      or verify(m, n, 'Plate'(v, true, true))) then\n      x := gensym(cat(op(2,m), \"_\", op(2,n), \"_\"));\n      thisproc(subs(op(2,m)=x, op(3,m)),\n               subs(op(2,n)=x, op(3,n)), v)\n    elif m :: 'specfunc(Msum)' and n :: 'specfunc(Msum)'\n         and nops(m) = nops(n) then\n      k := nops(m);\n      verify(k, GraphTheory[BipartiteMatching](GraphTheory[Graph]({\n                seq(seq(`if`(thisproc(op(i,m), op(j,n), v), {i,-j}, NULL),\n                        j=1..k), i=1..k)}))[1]);\n    elif andmap(type, [m,n], 'specfunc(piecewise)') and nops(m) = nops(n) then\n      k := nops(m);\n      verify(m, n, 'piecewise'(seq(`if`(i::even or i=k, mv, hboolean), i=1..k)));\n\n    elif andmap(type, [m,n], 'specfunc(PARTITION)') then\n      Partition:-SamePartition(verify_hboolean, verify_measure, m, n);\n\n    elif m :: specfunc('case') and\n        verify(m, n, 'case'(v, specfunc(Branch(true, true), Branches))) then\n      # This code unfortunately only handles alpha-equivalence for 'case' along\n      # the control path -- not if 'case' occurs in the argument to 'Ret', say.\n      k := nops(op(2,m));\n      for i from 1 to k do\n        j := pattern_equiv(op([2,i,1],m), op([2,i,1],n));\n        if j = false then return j end if;\n        j := map(proc(eq, $)\n                   local x;\n                   x := gensym(cat(lhs(eq), \"_\", rhs(eq), \"_\"));\n                   [lhs(eq)=x, rhs(eq)=x]\n                 end proc, j);\n        j := thisproc(subs(map2(op,1,j), op([2,i,2],m)),\n                      subs(map2(op,2,j), op([2,i,2],n)), v);\n        if j = false then return j end if;\n      end do;\n      true\n    elif m :: 'LO(name, anything)' and n :: 'LO(name, anything)' then\n      x := gensym(cat(op(1,m), \"_\", op(1,n), \"_\"));\n      verify(subs(op(1,m)=x, op(2,m)),\n             subs(op(1,n)=x, op(2,n)), v)\n    elif m :: specfunc('lam') and n :: specfunc('lam') and\n        verify(m, n, 'lam'(true, v, true)) then\n      # m and n are not even measures, but we verify them anyway...\n      x := gensym(cat(op(1,m), \"_\", op(1,n), \"_\"));\n      thisproc(subs(op(1,m)=x, op(2,m)),\n               subs(op(1,n)=x, op(2,n)), v)\n    else\n      verify(m, n, {v, Ret(v), Weight(v, mv), Context(v, mv)})\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  pattern_equiv := proc(p, q, $) :: {identical(false),set(`=`)};\n    local r, s;\n    if ormap((t->andmap(`=`, [p,q], t)), [PWild, PDone]) then\n      {}\n    elif andmap(type, [p,q], PVar(anything)) then\n      {op(1,p)=op(1,q)}\n    elif andmap(type, [p,q], PDatum(anything,anything)) and op(1,p)=op(1,q) then\n      pattern_equiv(op(2,p),op(2,q))\n    elif ormap((t->andmap(type, [p,q], t(anything))),\n               [PInl, PInr, PKonst, PIdent]) then\n      pattern_equiv(op(1,p),op(1,q))\n    elif andmap(type, [p,q], PEt(anything, anything)) then\n      r := pattern_equiv(op(1,p),op(1,q));\n      s := pattern_equiv(op(2,p),op(2,q));\n      if map(lhs,r) intersect map(lhs,s) = {} and\n         map(rhs,r) intersect map(rhs,s) = {} then\n        r union s\n      else\n        false\n      end if\n    else\n      false\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  piecewise_And := proc(cond::{list,set,specfunc(`And`),`and`}, th, el, $)\n    if nops(cond) = 0 or th = el then\n      th\n    else\n      piecewise(And(op(cond)), th, el)\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  map_piecewiselike := proc(f, p::t_piecewiselike)\n    local i, g, h;\n    if p :: 'specfunc(piecewise)' then\n      piecewise(seq(`if`(i::even or i=nops(p), f(op(i,p),_rest), op(i,p)),\n                    i=1..nops(p)))\n    elif p :: 't_case' then\n      # Mind the hygiene\n      subsindets(eval(subsop(2 = map[3](applyop, g, 2, op(2,p)), p),\n                      g=h(f,_rest)),\n                 'typefunc(specfunc(h))',\n                 (e -> op([0,1],e)(op(1,e), op(2..-1,op(0,e)))))\n    elif p :: 'idx(list, anything)' then\n      idx(map(f,op(1,p),_rest), op(2,p))\n    else\n      error \"map_piecewiselike: %1 is not t_piecewiselike\", p\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  lift_piecewise := proc(e, extra:={}, $)\n    local e1, e2;\n    e2 := e;\n    while e1 <> e2 do\n      e1 := e2;\n      e2 := subsindets(e1,\n              '{extra,\n                And(`+`, Not(specop(Not(specfunc(piecewise)), `+`))),\n                And(`*`, Not(specop(Not(specfunc(piecewise)), `*`))),\n                And(`^`, Not(specop(Not(specfunc(piecewise)), `^`))),\n                exp(specfunc(piecewise))}',\n              lift1_piecewise)\n    end do\n  end proc;\n\n  lift1_piecewise := proc(e, $)\n    local i, p;\n    if membertype(t_piecewiselike, [op(e)], i) then\n      p := op(i,e);\n      if nops(p) :: even and not (e :: `*`) and op(-1,p) <> 0 then\n        p := piecewise(op(p), 0);\n      end if;\n      map_piecewiselike((arm->lift1_piecewise(subsop(i=arm,e))), p)\n    else\n      e\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  foldr_piecewise := proc(cons, nil, pw, $) # pw may or may not be piecewise\n    # View pw as a piecewise and foldr over its arms\n    if pw :: 'specfunc(piecewise)' then\n      foldr(proc(i,x) cons(op(i,pw), op(i+1,pw), x) end proc,\n            `if`(nops(pw)::odd, cons(true, op(-1,pw), nil), nil),\n            seq(1..nops(pw)-1, 2))\n    else\n      cons(true, pw, nil)\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  #Take a piecewise: If some of the branches also contain piecewises, attempt\n  #to re-express the whole as a single piecewise. In short: fewer piecewises, more\n  #branches, more complex conditions.--Carl 2016Sep09\n  flatten_piecewise:= proc(PW::specfunc(piecewise), $)::specfunc(piecewise);\n  local\n     pwL:= [op(PW)],\n     nP:= nops(pwL),\n     conds:= pwL[[seq(1..nP-1, 2)]],\n     branches:= pwL[[seq(2..nP-1, 2), nP]],\n     innerPW:= indets(branches, specfunc(piecewise)),\n     outerPW, C_O, C_I, B_I, r\n  ;\n     if indets(conds, specfunc(piecewise)) <> {} then\n          userinfo(2, procname, \"Case of inner pw in a condition not yet handled.\");\n          return PW\n     end if;\n     if innerPW = {} then\n          userinfo(3, procname, \"No inner pw.\");\n          return PW\n     end if;\n     if nops~(innerPW) <> {3} then\n          userinfo(2, procname, \"Case of inner pw of other than 3 ops not yet handled.\");\n          return PW\n     end if;\n     if nops(PW) <> 3 then\n          userinfo(2, procname, \"Case of outer pw of other than 3 ops not yet handled.\");\n          return PW\n     end if;\n     outerPW:= applyop(lift_piecewise, {2,3}, PW);\n     if membertype(\n          And(\n               satisfies(e-> indets(e, specfunc(piecewise)) <> {}),\n               Not(specfunc(piecewise))\n          ),\n          {op(2..3, outerPW)}\n     )\n     then\n          userinfo(1, procname, \"Unliftable pw.\");\n          return PW\n     end if;\n     C_O:= op(1,outerPW);\n     C_I:= map(e-> `if`(e::specfunc(piecewise), op(1,e), true), [op(2..3, outerPW)]);\n     B_I:= map(e-> `if`(e::specfunc(piecewise), [op(2..3, e)], [e$2])[], [op(2..3, outerPW)]);\n     #For debugging purposes, I want to show the proposed output before it's passed to\n     #piecewise.\n     r:= [\n          And(C_O, C_I[1]), B_I[1],\n          And(C_O, KB:-negate_rel(C_I[1])), B_I[2],\n          And(KB:-negate_rel(C_O), C_I[2]), B_I[3],\n          And(KB:-negate_rel(C_O), KB:-negate_rel(C_I[2])), B_I[4]\n     ];\n     userinfo(3, procname, \"Proposed ouput: \", print(%piecewise(r[])));\n     piecewise(r[])\n  end proc;\n\n  app := proc (func, argu, $)\n    if func :: 'lam(name, anything, anything)' then\n      eval(op(3,func), op(1,func)=argu)\n    elif func :: 't_piecewiselike' then\n      map_piecewiselike(procname, _passed)\n    else\n      'procname(_passed)'\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  ary := proc (n, i, e, $)\n    local j;\n    if e :: 'idx'('freeof'(i), 'identical'(i)) then\n      # Array eta-reduction. Assume the size matches.  (We should keep array\n      # size information in the KB and use it here, but we don't currently.)\n      op(1,e)\n    elif n :: nonnegint then\n      [seq(eval(e,i=j), j=0..n-1)] # Unroll array with literal size\n    else\n      'procname(_passed)'\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  idx := proc (a, i, $)\n    if a :: 'ary(anything, name, anything)' then\n      eval(op(3,a), op(2,a)=i)\n    elif a :: 'list' and i::nonnegint then\n      a[i+1]\n    elif a :: 'list' and nops(convert(a,'set')) = 1 then\n      a[1] # Indexing into a literal array whose elements are all the same\n    elif a :: 't_piecewiselike' then\n      map_piecewiselike(procname, _passed)\n    else\n      'procname(_passed)'\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  #Extract the first member of a Pair.\n  fst:= proc(p, $)\n    if p :: 'Pair'('anything'$2) then\n      op(1,p)\n    elif p :: t_piecewiselike then\n      map_piecewiselike(fst, p)\n    else\n      'procname'(p)\n    end if;\n  end proc;\n\n  #Extract the second member of a Pair.\n  snd:= proc(p, $)\n    if p :: 'Pair'('anything'$2) then\n      op(2,p)\n    elif p :: t_piecewiselike then\n      map_piecewiselike(snd, p)\n    else\n      'procname'(p)\n    end if;\n  end proc;\n\n  size := proc(a, $)\n    local res;\n    if a :: 'ary(anything, name, anything)' then\n      op(1,a)\n    elif a :: 'list' then\n      nops(a)\n    elif a :: 't_piecewiselike' then\n      map_piecewiselike(procname, _passed)\n    else\n      'procname(_passed)'\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  Datum := proc(hint, payload, $)\n    # Further cheating to equate Maple booleans and Hakaru booleans\n    if hint = true and payload = Inl(Done) or\n       hint = false and payload = Inr(Inl(Done)) then\n      hint\n    else\n      'procname(_passed)'\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  closed_bounds := proc(r::range, $)\n    Bound(`>=`, lhs(r)), Bound(`<=`, rhs(r))\n  end proc;\n\n  open_bounds := proc(r::range, $)\n    Bound(`>`, lhs(r)), Bound(`<`, rhs(r))\n  end proc;\n\n  # Creates an N-ary operator `Plus` such:\n  #  Plus(Plus(a,b),c)=Plus(a,Plus(a,b))\n  #  Plus(a,Zero)=a\n  #  Plus(a)=a\n  #  Plus(x,x)=x\n  Mk_Plus := proc(plus,zero,$) proc()\n    local as := {args};\n    as := map(a->if op(0,a)=plus then op(a) else a end if, as);\n    if nops(as)=0 then zero\n    elif nops(as)=1 then op(1,as)\n    else plus(op(as))\n    end if;\n  end proc; end proc;\n\n  # Replacements for `and` and `or` which do not\n  # evaluate \"x = y\" to \"false\" when \"x,y\" are unbound vars.\n  bool_And := Mk_Plus('And','true' );\n  bool_Or  := Mk_Plus('Or' ,'false');\n\n  bool_Not := proc(a,$)\n    if a :: t_kb_atom then\n      subsindets(KB:-negate_rel(a), `not`, Not@op);\n    else\n      Not(a)\n    end if;\n  end proc;\n\n  # Enumerate patterns for a given Hakaru type\n  htype_patterns := proc(t::t_type, $)\n    :: specfunc(Branch(anything, list(t_type)), Branches);\n    local struct;\n    uses StringTools;\n    if t :: specfunc(DatumStruct(anything, list(Konst(anything))), HData) then\n      foldr(proc(struct,ps,$) Branches(\n              op(map((p -> Branch(PDatum(op(1,struct), PInl(op(1,p))),\n                                  op(2,p))),\n                     foldr(proc(kt,qs,$)\n                             local p, q;\n                             Branches(seq(seq(Branch(PEt(PKonst(op(1,p)),\n                                                         op(1,q)),\n                                                     [op(op(2,p)),op(op(2,q))]),\n                                              q in qs),\n                                          p in htype_patterns(op(1,kt))))\n                           end proc,\n                           Branches(Branch(PDone, [])), op(op(2,struct))))),\n              op(map[3](applyop, PInr, [1,2], ps)))\n            end proc,\n            Branches(), op(t))\n    else\n      Branches(Branch(PVar(gensym(convert(LowerCase(op(-1, [\"x\", op(\n                                            `if`(t::function,\n                                              select(IsUpper, Explode(op(0,t))),\n                                              []))])),\n                                          name))),\n                      [t]))\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  ModuleLoad := proc($)\n    local g; #Iterator over thismodule's globals\n    ModuleUnload();\n    VerifyTools[AddVerification](measure = eval(verify_measure));\n    VerifyTools[AddVerification](hboolean = eval(verify_hboolean));\n\n    TypeTools:-AddType(\n         `&implies`,\n         proc(e, t1, t2, $) type(e, Or(Not(t1), t2)) end proc\n    );\n    TypeTools:-AddType(Name, And(name, Not({constant,undefined})));\n    TypeTools:-AddType(known_continuous,\n         '{\n              Lebesgue(anything, anything), Uniform(anything, anything),\n              Gaussian(anything, anything), Cauchy(anything, anything),\n              StudentT(anything, anything, anything), ChiSquared(anything),\n              BetaD(anything, anything), GammaD(anything, anything),\n              InverseGammaD(anything, anything)\n         }'\n    );\n    TypeTools:-AddType(known_discrete,\n         '{\n              Counting(anything, anything),\n              Categorical(anything),\n              Binomial(anything,anything),\n              NegativeBinomial(anything,anything),\n              PoissonD(anything)\n          }'\n    );\n    #This type t_Hakaru is the basic syntax checker for that part of the\n    #Maple/Hakaru language accessible by the external user.--Carl 2016Sep20\n    TypeTools:-AddType(t_Hakaru,\n         #Alternation/conjunction of types via {} or And follows the McCarthy\n         #short-cut rule: Proceeding left to right, once satisfaction of the type\n         #can be determined, the remaining elements aren't evaluated. Therefore,\n         #recursive types are possible by placing the base cases at the beginning.\n         #But use Or instead of {} because you can't control the order of\n         #expressions with {}.\n         Or(\n           'known_continuous', 'known_discrete',\n           t_pw, #Needs to be more specific!\n           t_partition,\n           t_case,\n          'Ret(anything)',\n          'Bind(t_Hakaru, name, t_Hakaru)',\n          'specfunc(t_Hakaru, Msum)',\n          'Weight(algebraic, t_Hakaru)',\n          'Plate(algebraic, name, t_Hakaru)',\n          t_lam\n         )\n    );\n    TypeTools:-AddType(t_type,\n      '{specfunc(Bound(identical(`<`,`<=`,`>`,`>=`), anything),\n                 {AlmostEveryReal, HReal, HInt}),\n        specfunc(DatumStruct(anything, list({Konst(t_type), Ident(t_type)})),\n                 HData),\n        HMeasure(t_type),\n        HArray(t_type),\n        HFunction(t_type, t_type)}');\n    TypeTools:-AddType(t_case,\n      'case(anything, specfunc(Branch(anything, anything), Branches))');\n    TypeTools:-AddType(t_pw, 'specfunc(piecewise)');\n    TypeTools:-AddType(t_partition, 'specfunc(PARTITION)'); #Appropriate to put this here?\n    TypeTools:-AddType(t_piecewiselike,\n      '{specfunc(piecewise), t_case, idx(list, anything)}');\n    TypeTools:-AddType(t_lam, 'lam(name, t_type, t_Hakaru)');\n\n    # A temporary type which should be removed when piecewise is gone\n    TypeTools:-AddType(t_pw_or_part, Or(t_pw,t_partition));\n\n    #Protect the keywords of the Hakaru language.\n    #op([2,6], ...) of a module is its globals.\n    for g in op([2,6], thismodule) do\n         if g <> eval(g) then\n           unassign(g);\n           WARNING(\"Previous value of Hakaru keyword '%1' erased.\", g);\n         end if;\n         protect(g)\n    end do\n  end proc;\n\n  ModuleUnload := proc($)\n    map(proc(x::uneval) try eval(x) catch: NULL; end try end proc,\n        ['TypeTools:-RemoveType(`&implies`)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(Name)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(known_continuous)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(known_discrete)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(t_Hakaru)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(t_pw)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(t_partition)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(t_pw_or_part)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(t_piecewiselike)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(t_case)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(t_type)'\n        ,'TypeTools:-RemoveType(t_lam)'\n        ,'VerifyTools[RemoveVerification](measure)'\n        ]);\n    unprotect(op([2,6], thismodule)); #See comment in ModuleLoad.\n    #Skip restoring the globals to any prior value they had.\n  end proc;\n  ModuleLoad();\nend module; # Hakaru\n", "meta": {"hexsha": "28c882de08f9b3f69fd14927a62c350ad6be81ba", "size": 25230, "ext": "mpl", "lang": "Maple", "max_stars_repo_path": "maple/Hakaru.mpl", "max_stars_repo_name": "zaxtax/hakaru", "max_stars_repo_head_hexsha": "03ac5b645815e99437e28d228e6c668753b2640e", "max_stars_repo_licenses": ["BSD-3-Clause"], "max_stars_count": 4, "max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime": "2015-02-07T17:57:04.000Z", "max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime": "2016-01-29T19:40:24.000Z", "max_issues_repo_path": "maple/Hakaru.mpl", "max_issues_repo_name": "zaxtax/hakaru", "max_issues_repo_head_hexsha": "03ac5b645815e99437e28d228e6c668753b2640e", "max_issues_repo_licenses": ["BSD-3-Clause"], "max_issues_count": null, "max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime": null, "max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime": null, "max_forks_repo_path": "maple/Hakaru.mpl", "max_forks_repo_name": "zaxtax/hakaru", "max_forks_repo_head_hexsha": "03ac5b645815e99437e28d228e6c668753b2640e", "max_forks_repo_licenses": ["BSD-3-Clause"], "max_forks_count": null, "max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime": null, "max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime": null, "avg_line_length": 35.9914407989, "max_line_length": 112, "alphanum_fraction": 0.5529924693, "num_tokens": 7514, "lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B", "lm_label": "1. 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{"text": "# Various utilities used by Hakaru which don't fit logically elsewhere\nUtilities := module ()\n  option package;\n\n  # Returns true for a sequence for which all the elements are equal up to the\n  # specified equality, or false otherwise. A 0-length sequence produces an\n  # error.\n  export the := proc(as, eq:=`=`, $)\n    if nops(as)=0 then error \"sequence %1 must have at least one operand\", as; end if;\n    andmap(x -> eq(x,op(1,as)), [op(2..-1,as)]);\n  end proc;\n\n  # zip together an arbitrary number of lists;\n  # - if any lists are shorter, the function recieves all available arguments\n  #    e.g. zip_k(F, [a,b], [c]) -> [F(a, c), F(b)]\n  # - if any lists contain subslists, those are also zipped together, so\n  #   zip_k(F, as) and zip_k(F, [as]) are equivalent. To avoid this, use a 0-th\n  #   operand other than `[]`.\n  #    e.g. zip_k(F, [a,b], [ [c,d], [e,f] ]) -> [F(a, c, d), F(b, e, f)]\n  export zip_k := proc(f)\n    map(f@op@ListTools[Flatten], foldl((a,b)->zip(`[]`,a,b,[]), _rest));\n  end proc;\n\n  # Merges two records, `rspec' and `rdef'. If `rspec' contains any fields of\n  # `rdef', the fields of `rspec' are taken.\n  export merge_record_default := proc(rdef::record, rspec::record, $)\n    local s;\n    s   := {exports(rdef)} intersect {exports(rspec)};\n    Record[ Record[rdef](op(map(`-`,s))) , rspec ]();\n  end proc;\n\n  # Creates a new record with `field' updated to the given function applied to\n  # `field' of the given record.\n  export upd_field := proc(r::record, field::name, k, $)\n    Record[r](-field,field=k(r[field]))\n  end proc;\n\n  # Simplistic negation of relations. Used by Hakaru:-flatten_piecewise, KB, and\n  # Domain.\n  export negated_relation:= table([`<`, `<=`, `=`, `<>`] =~ [`>=`, `>`, `<>`, `=`]);\n\n  # Takes the bool type (true/false) to mean universal and empty relations\n  # respectively.  i.e. negate R, where R is an 'atomic' relation of a KB.\n  # This is used by KB and Partition\n  export negate_rel:= proc(R::Relation, $)::Relation;\n    if R :: truefalse then\n      not R\n    elif R :: relation then\n      negated_relation[op(0,R)](op(R));\n    else\n      # This is to appease 'piecewise', which won't be happy with Not\n      # However, KB doesn't really care - it's already expecting {Not,not}\n      # 'Technically' this is a KB 'constructor'!\n      not(R);\n    end if;\n  end proc;\n\n  # Differs from negate_rel in that\n  #  [ negate_rel (x) ] = \"Not x\"  but\n  #  [ negate_rels(x) ] = \"x\"\n  export negate_rels := proc(e, $)\n    subsindets(e, { specfunc(relation, `Not`), `not`(relation) }, negate_rel@op );\n  end proc;\n\n  # Creates an N-ary operator `Plus` such:\n  #  Plus(Plus(a,b),c)=Plus(a,Plus(a,b))\n  #  Plus(a,Iden)=a\n  #  Plus(a,Zero)=Zero\n  #  Plus(a)=a\n  #  Plus(x,x)=x\n  export Mk_Plus := proc(plus,iden,zero,$) proc()\n    local as := {args};\n    as := map(a->if op(0,a)=plus then op(a) else a end if, as);\n    if zero in as then return zero end if;\n    as := remove(`=`,as,iden);\n    if nops(as)=0 then iden\n    elif nops(as)=1 then op(1,as)\n    else plus(op(as))\n    end if;\n  end proc; end proc;\n\n  # Replacements for `and`, `or`, `not` which do not\n  # evaluate \"x = y\" to \"false\" when \"x,y\" are unbound vars.\n  export bool_And := Mk_Plus(And,true ,false);\n  export bool_Or  := Mk_Plus(Or ,false,true);\n  export bool_Not := proc(a,$)\n    if a :: Relation and not (a :: `::`) then\n      subsindets(negate_rel(a), `not`, Not@op);\n    else\n      Not(a)\n    end if;\n  end proc;\n\n  # boolean_if should be equivalent to `if`, but it assumes\n  # all its arguments are boolean conditions, so it basically\n  # simplifies \"cond and th or not cond and el\"\n  export boolean_if := proc(cond, th, el, $)\n    use\n      a = ((x,y)-> `if`(x=true,y, `if`(x=false,x,\n                   `if`(y=true,x, `if`(y=false,y, And(x,y)))))),\n      o = ((x,y)-> `if`(x=false,y, `if`(x=true,x,\n                   `if`(y=false,x, `if`(y=true,y, Or (x,y)))))),\n      n = (x    -> `if`(x=false,true,\n                   `if`(x=true,false,             Not(x))))\n    in\n      o(a(cond,th), a(n(cond),el))\n    end use\n  end proc;\n\n  # In order to hopefully produce a simplification,\n  #   assert_deny will on some occasions repeatedly apply\n  #   `simplify@ln` in the hopes of producing an 'improved'\n  #   constraint. This metric gives the stopping condition\n  # - when the simplification ceases to improve the constraint\n  # - which is when the metric is made no less by the `simplify@ln`.\n  # Since this is a `length`, this is strictly decreasing,\n  #  so such a loop will 'provably' always terminate\n  export log_metric := proc(e, x, $)\n    local m, L;\n    m := select(depends, indets(e, 'exp(anything)'), indets(x,name));\n    length(subsindets(map2(op, 1, m), name, _->L));\n  end proc;\n\n  # Used by both KB and Domain\n  export try_improve_exp := proc(b0, x, ctx, $)\n    local b := b0, log_b;\n    do\n      try log_b := map(simplify@ln, b) assuming op(ctx); catch: break; end try;\n\n      if log_metric(log_b, x) < log_metric(b, x)\n         and (andmap(e->is(e,real)=true, log_b) assuming op(ctx)) then\n        b := log_b;\n      else\n        break;\n      end if;\n    end do;\n    b;\n  end proc;\n\n  # Given an expression containing products and sums, i.e. polynomials\n  # and a function , applies this expression to each factor and summand\n  export for_poly := proc(e, f, $)\n    if e :: '{`+`,`*`}' then map(for_poly, e, f)\n    elif e :: 'specfunc({product,Product,sum,Sum})' then\n      applyop(for_poly, 1, e, f)\n    else f(e)\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  # Apply a function to each summand at the top level of the expression\n  export distrib_over_sum := proc(f,e,$) `+`(op(map(f,convert(e, 'list',`+`)))) end proc;\n\n  # Like convert(e, 'list', `*`) but tries to keep the elements positive\n  export list_of_mul := proc(e, $)\n    local rest, should_negate, can_negate, fsn;\n    rest := convert(e, 'list', `*`);\n    rest := map((f -> [f, signum(f),\n                       `if`(f::'{specfunc({Sum,sum}),anything^odd}',\n                            applyop(`-`,1,f),\n                       `if`(f::'specfunc(ln)',\n                            applyop(`/`,1,f),\n                            -f))]),\n                rest);\n    should_negate, rest := selectremove(type, rest,\n      '[anything, -1, Not(`*`)]');\n    if nops(should_negate) :: even then\n      [seq(op(3,fsn), fsn=should_negate),\n       seq(op(1,fsn), fsn=rest)]\n    else\n      can_negate, rest := selectremove(type, rest,\n        '[{`+`, specfunc({Sum,sum,ln}), `^`}, Not(1), Not(`*`)]');\n      if nops(can_negate) > 0 then\n        [seq(op(3,fsn), fsn=should_negate),\n         op([1,3], can_negate),\n         seq(op(1,fsn), fsn=subsop(1=NULL, can_negate)),\n         seq(op(1,fsn), fsn=rest)]\n      else\n        [seq(op(3,fsn), fsn=subsop(-1=NULL, should_negate)),\n         op([-1,1], should_negate),\n         seq(op(1,fsn), fsn=rest)]\n      end if\n    end if\n  end proc;\n\n  export mysolve := proc(constraints)\n    # This wrapper around \"solve\" works around the problem that Maple sometimes\n    # thinks there is no solution to a set of constraints because it doesn't\n    # recognize the solution to each constraint is the same.  For example--\n    # This fails     : solve({c*2^(-1/2-alpha) = sqrt(2)/2, c*4^(-alpha) = 2^(-alpha)}, {c}) assuming alpha>0;\n    # This also fails: solve(simplify({c*2^(-1/2-alpha) = sqrt(2)/2, c*4^(-alpha) = 2^(-alpha)}), {c}) assuming alpha>0;\n    # But this works : map(solve, {c*2^(-1/2-alpha) = sqrt(2)/2, c*4^(-alpha) = 2^(-alpha)}, {c}) assuming alpha>0;\n    # And the difference of the two solutions returned simplifies to zero.\n\n    local result;\n    if nops(constraints) = 0 then return NULL end if;\n    result := solve(constraints, _rest);\n    if result <> NULL or not (constraints :: {set,list}) then\n      return result\n    end if;\n    result := mysolve(subsop(1=NULL,constraints), _rest);\n    if result <> NULL\n       and op(1,constraints) :: 'anything=anything'\n       and simplify(eval(op([1,1],constraints) - op([1,2],constraints),\n                         result)) <> 0 then\n      return NULL\n    end if;\n    result\n  end proc;\n\n  # A debugging utility that's like `and` except it calls `userinfo` if there is\n  # disagreement\n  export and_info := proc(e :: {list,set})\n    local s, r;\n    s, r := selectremove(evalb, e);\n    if nops(r) = 0 then return true end if;\n    if nops(s) > 0 then userinfo(op([_rest, s, r])) end if;\n    return false;\n  end proc;\n\n  # Simplifies relations using `Logic:-Normalize' and places the result in a\n  # canonical form. The input can be {and,not,or} but the output is always\n  # {And,Or,Not}.\n  #  - false, true are expressed as And and Or\n  #  - When `norty' is DNF/CNF then the outer constructor is always Or/And\n  #\n  # TODO:\n  # A better interface for `simpl_relation` - something that allows it to treat\n  #   arbitrary constructor forms as And, Or, Not. Typically, we do a `subs` right\n  #   before the call to `simpl_relation` to put things in the right form, then\n  #   another `subs` immediately inside `simpl_relation` to turn `And,Or` into `&and,&or`.\n  export simpl_relation :=\n  proc( expr_ :: {relation, boolean, specfunc({`And`,`Not`,`Or`}), `and`, `not`, `or`}\n      , { norty := 'DNF' }\n      , $) :: { specfunc(specfunc({Relation, specfunc(relation, Not)}, `Or`), `And`)\n              , specfunc(specfunc({Relation, specfunc(relation, Not)}, `And`), `Or`)\n              };\n      local expr := expr_, outty, outmk, inty, inmk, ty_ord ;\n\n      # Necessary because we convert `And' (etc.) to `Logic:-&and' (etc.), and\n      # e.g. `Logic:-&and(a<b,c<d)' is not a valid piecewise condition.\n      expr := chillFns('piecewise', expr);\n\n      expr := foldr( proc(v,e) subsindets(e, op(v)) end proc\n                   , expr\n                   , [ { specfunc(relation, `Not`), `not`(relation) }\n                     , x-> negate_rel(op(1,x)) ]\n                   , [ { specfunc(`Not`), `not` }\n                     , x->Logic:-`&not`(op(1,x)) ]\n                   , [ { specfunc(`Or`), `or` }\n                     , x->Logic:-`&or`(op(x)) ]\n                   , [ { specfunc(`And`), `and` }\n                     , x->Logic:-`&and`(op(x)) ] );\n      expr := Logic:-Normalize(expr, form=norty);\n      expr := foldr( proc(v,e) subsindets(e, op(v)) end proc\n                   , expr\n                   , [ specfunc(Logic:-`&and`), x->`And`(op(x)) ]\n                   , [ specfunc(Logic:-`&or`) , x->`Or`(op(x)) ]\n                   , [ specfunc(Logic:-`&not`), x->negate_rel(op(1,x))  ] );\n\n      if expr :: identical(false) then\n        return `if`(norty='DNF', `Or`(), `And`(`Or`()));\n      elif expr :: identical(true) then\n        return `if`(norty='DNF', `Or`(`And`()), `And`());\n      end if;\n\n      ty_ord := `if`(norty='DNF', [1,2], [2,1]);\n      outty, inty := [ 'specfunc(Or)', 'specfunc(And)' ][ty_ord][];\n      outmk, inmk := [ `Or`, `And` ][ty_ord][];\n\n      if not expr :: outty then expr := outmk(expr) end if;\n      expr := map(x -> if not x :: inty then inmk(x) else x end if, expr);\n      expr := warmFns('piecewise', expr);\n  end proc;\n\n  # Classify a relation by matching either the LHS or RHS against\n  # a given predicate, and placing the relation in a canonical form\n  # where the LHS (3rd component of the result) is the side matching\n  # the predicate, or FAIL of neither side matches.\n  export classify_relation := proc(r0::relation, vars0, $)\n    ::{identical(FAIL), [identical(B_LO,B_HI,B_EQ,B_NEQ),\n                         satisfies(q->q in {indices(flip_relation,nolist)}),\n                         anything, anything]};\n    local r_k, r_s, in_vars, vars := vars0, r := r0;\n    if vars :: ({set,list})({name,list(name)}) then\n      vars := map(x->`if`(x::list,op(1,x),x),vars);\n      vars := {op(vars)}; in_vars := x->x in vars;\n    elif vars :: procedure then\n      in_vars := vars;\n    elif vars :: type then\n      in_vars := x->type(x,vars);\n    else error \"unknown argument: %1 \"\n               \"(expecting variables, variable membership check)\"\n               , vars;\n    end if;\n    if r :: {`<=`,`<`, `=`, `<>`} then\n      if in_vars(rhs(r)) then\n        r_k := flip_relation[op(0,r)]; r_s := rhs(r), lhs(r);\n      elif in_vars(lhs(r)) then\n        r_k := op(0,r); r_s := op(r);\n      else return FAIL end if;\n      [ classify_relop[r_k], r_k, r_s ];\n    else FAIL\n    end if;\n  end proc;\n  local flip_relation := table([`=`=`=`,`<>`=`<>`,`<=`=`>=`,\n                                `<`=`>`,`>=`=`<=`,`>`=`<`]);\n  local classify_relop := table([`=`=B_EQ,`<>`=B_NEQ,`<=`=B_HI,\n                                 `<`=B_HI,`>=`=B_LO,`>`=B_LO]);\n\n  # Functionalized, curried `if' statement\n  export Case :=\n  proc(ty,f,g)\n    proc(x)\n      if x::ty then f(x) else g(x) end if\n    end proc\n  end proc;\n\n  # A replacement for `coulditbe .. assuming ..' which uses `is' internally\n  # (since `is' is actually stronger than `coulditbe'); tries to handle `Or`s\n  # correctly (which don't do well with `assuming'); and catches some exceptions\n  # which we are reasonably sure have a valid interpretation.\n  local do_rel_coulditbe := proc(a,as_::{set,list,Relation},$)\n    option remember, system;\n    local os, rs, as := as_;\n    if as::{set,list} then\n      as := And(op(as));\n    end if;\n    as := simpl_relation(as,norty='DNF');\n\n    if nops(as)=1 then\n      try\n        not(is(bool_Not(a)) assuming op(1,as));\n      catch \"when calling '%1'. Received: 'contradictory assumptions'\" :\n        # technically this means the KB was already contradictory, we\n        # just didn't know?\n        return false;\n      catch \"when calling '%1'. Received: \"\n            \"'side relations must be polynomials in\"\n            \" (name or function) variables'\":\n        # This is seemingly a Maple bug - the condition could still be, but we\n        # don't know, so conservatively return true.\n        WARNING( sprintf( \"siderels bug:\\n\\t'%s'\\n\"\n                          \"when calling coulditbe(%%1) assuming (%%2)\"\n                          , StringTools[FormatMessage](lastexception[2..-1])),\n                 a, as_ );\n        return true;\n      catch \"when calling '%3'. Received: \"\n            \"'when calling '%2'. Received: \"\n            \"'expression independent of, %0''\":\n        error expr_indp_errMsg(), a, as_;\n      catch \"when calling '%2'. Received: 'expression independent of, %0'\":\n        error expr_indp_errMsg(), a, as_;\n      end try;\n    else\n      ormap(o1->rel_coulditbe(a,o1)=true, as);\n    end if;\n  end proc;\n\n  local expr_indp_errMsg := proc($)\n    sprintf(\"Something strange happened(%s)\\n\"\n            \"\\tin coulditbe(%%1) assuming %%2\"\n            ,StringTools[FormatMessage](lastexception[2..-1]))\n  end proc;\n\n  # Given a symmetric relation `x0', applies `test' the operands of the relation\n  # in a symmetric manner. If it succeeds, returns `x0' with the side satisifying\n  # `test' on the left-hand. If neither side satisfies `test', returns FAIL.\n  #  e.g.:\n  #   is_lhs(x=3, (a,_)->type(a,integer))  =  3=x\n  #   is_lhs(x=3, (a,_)->type(a,name))     =  x=3\n  #   is_lhs(x=3, (a,_)->type(a,complex))  =  FAIL\n  export is_lhs := proc(test,x)\n    if test(lhs(x), rhs(x),_rest) then return x end if;\n    if test(rhs(x), lhs(x),_rest) then return op(0,x)(rhs(x),lhs(x)) end if;\n    FAIL;\n  end proc;\n\n  # `curry(chillFns,foo)' is the function which converts all occurences of\n  # `foo(as)' to `f[as]' in the given expression. `warmFns' is the inverse.\n  #\n  # For some reason making these curried also requires `KB:-chill' and\n  # `KB:-warm' to be eta-expanded (i.e. `chill := x->chillFns(chilled)(x)')\n  export chillFns := (fns, e) -> subsindets(e, 'specfunc'(fns), c->op(0,c)[op(c)]);\n  export warmFns  := (fns, e) -> subsindets(e, 'specindex'(fns), c->map(curry(warmFns,fns), op(0,c)(op(c))));\n\n  # Print profiling information for a function when `infolevel' for that\n  # function is set to at least 3, and assertlevel>0; e.g.\n  #  > do_func := proc() .. func .. end: func := ProfileFn(do_func):\n  #  > infolevel[func] := 3:\n  #  > kernelopts(assertlevel) := 1:\n  #  > func(a,b,c);\n  #\n  #  - profiling information is only printed for runs of the function\n  #    which use a minimum amount of time, bytesalloc, or bytesused\n  #  - setting infolevel >= 5 prints profiling information for all runs of the\n  #    function.\n  #  - less than a minimum amount of a resource consumed omits the actual usage\n  #    with both infolevel >= 3 < 5 and infolevel >= 5 (just \"less than <min>\"\n  #    is printed instead)\n  #  - profiling information is not printed for recursives calls of a function\n  #    (in other words, if a recursive function is profiled, only non-recursive\n  #     instances will have profiling attached)\n  export ProfileFn := module()\n    local get_prof := proc()\n      [ time[real](), kernelopts(bytesalloc)/2^20, kernelopts(bytesused)/2^20 ];\n    end proc;\n    local ppr_prof1 := proc(m,a,nm,fmt0,$)\n      local v,p,fmt;\n      v,p,fmt := `if`(a>=m, [\"\",a,fmt0], [\"less than \",m,\"%a\"])[];\n      cat(v,sprintf(fmt,p),\" \",nm);\n    end proc;\n    local ppr_prof := proc(min_t, t, nms, $)\n      local prefix, prefixl, strs;\n      prefix := \"took \"; prefixl := length(prefix);\n      strs :=\n      zip_k(ppr_prof1, min_t, t, nms);\n      cat(op(\n        ListTools:-Interleave(\n          [\"\\n\\t\"$nops(strs)],\n          [prefix,cat(\" \"$prefixl)$(nops(strs)-1)],\n          strs)));\n    end proc;\n    export ModuleApply :=\n    proc(fn,min_t:=0.1,min_ba:=100,min_bu:=100)\n      proc()\n        local t, min_prof, profs, res, ctx, fncall;\n        if kernelopts(assertlevel) > 0 and\n           not (assigned(_Env_ProfileFn_inside[fn])) and\n           assigned(infolevel['procname']) and\n           infolevel['procname'] >= 3\n        then\n          _Env_ProfileFn_inside[fn] := true;\n          t[0] := get_prof();\n          res  := fn(args);\n          t[1] := get_prof();\n          t[2] := zip(`-`,t[1],t[0]);\n          ctx  := map(op@getassumptions,indets([fn,args],Name));\n          fncall := sprintf(\"%a(%q)\",'procname',args);\n          ctx    := sprintf(\"assuming (%q)\", op(ctx));\n          min_prof := [min_t,min_ba,min_bu];\n          profs  := ppr_prof(min_prof, t[2],\n                             [[\"seconds\",\"%.3f\"],\n                              [\"MiB alloc\", \"%.3f\"],\n                              [\"MiB total used\", \"%.3f\"]]);\n          userinfo(`if`(`or`(zip(`>`,t[2], min_prof)[]),3,5),\n                   'procname',\n                   printf(\"Evaluating\\n\\t%s\\n\\t%s%s\\n\",fncall,ctx,profs));\n          res;\n        else\n          fn(args)\n        end if;\n      end proc;\n    end proc;\n  end module;\n\n  export rel_coulditbe := ProfileFn(do_rel_coulditbe, 1);\n\n  # The closure of `f:set->set' with respect to `x:set'. That is, all values\n  # which are outputs of `f' applied to `x' or an output of `f'.\n  export cl := proc(f,x,$)\n    local rs := f(x) minus x;\n    if rs={} then x else cl(f,rs) union x end if;\n  end proc;\n\n  # The first `n' elements of a list, or the entire list if it has fewer than\n  # `n' elements.\n  export take := proc(xs,n,$)\n    op(1,[ListTools[LengthSplit](xs,n)]);\n  end proc;\n\n  # A copy of `:-profile' with\n  #  - better pretty printing of the result\n  #  - bug fix for the fact that multiple names of sub-modules with the same\n  #    'root' name cannot be profiled (e.g. M1:-x and M2:-x, commonly an issue\n  #    with ModuleApply)\n  #  - automatic collection of the names present in the Hakaru library\n  # To profile `f(as)', call `Profile(f,_args=[as])'. Profiling information\n  #  if printed to stdout\n  # Extra arguments to `Profile' are passed to `GetProf' and `PPrProf', which\n  #  determine which stats to profile and how to pretty print profiling\n  #  information.\n  # Environment variables affecting this function:\n  #  _Env_Profile_count_ppr  = number of profiled names to print\n  #  _Env_Profile_remove_ppr = selector function (: name->bool) to omit\n  #    certain names from the profiling output\n  export Profile := module()\n    option package;\n    export ModuleApply, GetProf, PPrProf, modules_to_profile, names_to_profile;\n    local ModuleLoad, profile_flag_to_ord, name_to_string;\n\n    modules_to_profile := proc()\n      kernelopts(opaquemodules=false):\n      { 'BindingTools'\n      # , 'Hakaru'\n      , 'KB'\n      , 'Partition'\n      , 'Partition:-Simpl'\n      , 'Loop'\n      , 'Domain'\n      # , 'NewSLO'\n      , 'NewSLO:-fromLO'\n      , 'NewSLO:-toLO'\n      , 'NewSLO:-reduce'\n      , 'NewSLO:-reduce_Integrals'\n      , 'NewSLO:-reduce_Partition'\n      , 'NewSLO:-simplify_factor_assuming'\n      , 'Summary'\n      , entries(Domain:-Improve:-Simplifiers, nolist)\n      };\n    end proc;\n\n    names_to_profile := proc()\n      option remember, system;\n      local ns;\n      kernelopts(opaquemodules=false):\n      ns := cl(curry(map,x->CodeTools:-Profiling:-getMemberFuncs(x,true)),\n               modules_to_profile());\n      map(proc(n)\n            if n::`module`('ModuleApply') then 'n[ModuleApply]' elif n::procedure then n else NULL end if\n          end proc, ns);\n    end proc;\n\n    name_to_string := (x->convert(x,'string'));\n\n    profile_flag_to_ord := table(\n       ['alpha' = (proc (a, b) lexorder(a[1],b[1]) end proc)\n       ,'ralpha' = (proc (a, b) not lexorder(a[1],b[1]) end proc)\n       ,'time' = (proc (a, b) evalb(a[4] < b[4]) end proc)\n       ,'rtime' = (proc (a, b) evalb(b[4] < a[4]) end proc)\n       ,'bytes' = (proc (a, b) evalb(a[6] < b[6]) end proc)\n       ,'rbytes' = (proc (a, b) evalb(b[6] < a[6]) end proc)\n       ,'load' = (proc (a, b) evalb(a[6]*a[6]*a[4] < b[6]*b[6]*b[4]) end proc)\n       ,'rload' = (proc (a, b) evalb(b[6]*b[6]*b[4] < a[6]*a[6]*a[4]) end proc)\n       ]);\n\n    GetProf := proc(fns::({list,set})(satisfies(x->member(x,:-profile_profiled)))\n                   ,{_flag:='rload'}\n                   )\n      local i, totaltime, totalbytes, totaldepth, totalcalls, timepc, bytespc, numargs, displist, totaltimepc, totalbytespc\n           , ix, get_timepc, get_bytespc, get_nm, nm, flag ;\n      global profile_time, profile_bytes, profile_maxdepth, profile_calls, profile_profiled;\n\n      flag := _flag;\n      totaltime, totalbytes, totalcalls, totaldepth := 0$4;\n      numargs := nops(fns);\n\n      for i to nops(profile_profiled) do\n        ix := name_to_string(profile_profiled[i]);\n        totaltime := totaltime+profile_time[ix];\n        totalbytes := totalbytes+profile_bytes[ix];\n        totalcalls := totalcalls+profile_calls[ix];\n        totaldepth := totaldepth+profile_maxdepth[ix];\n      end do;\n\n      if totaltime = 0 then\n        get_timepc := i->0;\n        totaltimepc := 0;\n      else\n        get_timepc := i->100*profile_time[name_to_string(profile_profiled[i])]/totaltime;\n        totaltimepc := 100;\n      end if;\n      for i to nops(profile_profiled) do\n        timepc[name_to_string(profile_profiled[i])] := get_timepc(i);\n      end do;\n\n      if totalbytes = 0 then\n        get_bytespc := i->0;\n        totalbytespc := 0;\n      else\n        get_bytespc := i->100*profile_bytes[name_to_string(profile_profiled[i])]/totalbytes;\n        totalbytespc := 100;\n      end if;\n      for i to nops(profile_profiled) do\n        bytespc[name_to_string(profile_profiled[i])] := get_bytespc(i);\n      end do;\n\n      displist := [];\n      if 0 < numargs then\n        get_nm := i->op(i,fns);\n      else\n        numargs := nops(profile_profiled);\n        get_nm := i->profile_profiled[i];\n      end if;\n      for i to numargs do\n        nm := get_nm(i); ix := name_to_string(nm);\n        displist := [op(displist),\n                     [nm, map(q->q[ix],[profile_maxdepth, profile_calls,\n                                        profile_time, timepc, profile_bytes, bytespc])[]  ]];\n      end do;\n\n      displist := sort(displist, profile_flag_to_ord[flag]);\n      displist, [totaldepth,totalcalls,totaltime,totaltimepc,totalbytes,totalbytespc];\n    end proc;\n\n    PPrProf := proc(dat,tot,{_max_name_len:=55,_prof_name:=`function`})\n      local i, k, pr_nm;\n      k := _max_name_len; pr_nm := _prof_name;\n\n      printf(cat(pr_nm,(\" \"$k-StringTools[Length](convert(pr_nm,string))),\n                 `depth    calls     time    time%%     `));\n      printf(`    bytes   bytes%%\\n`);\n      printf(cat(\"--\"$k+1,`\\n`));\n      for i from 1 to nops(dat) do\n        printf(cat(`%-`,convert(k,string),`a%7d%9d%9.3f%9.2f%14d%9.2f\\n`),\n               op(1..7,dat[i]));\n      end do;\n      printf(cat(\"--\"$k+1,`\\n`));\n      printf(cat(`%-`,convert(k,string),`a%7d%9d%9.3f%9.2f%14d%9.2f\\n\\n`),\n             `total:`,op(1..6,tot));\n        return NULL\n    end proc;\n\n    ModuleApply := proc(f,{_args:=[]})\n      local names_prof, res, nppr, rm_ppr, prf, tot, as; as := _args;\n      if assigned(_Env_Profile_count_ppr) then\n        nppr := _Env_Profile_count_ppr;\n      else nppr := 25; end if;\n      if assigned(_Env_Profile_remove_ppr) then\n        rm_ppr := _Env_Profile_remove_ppr;\n      else rm_ppr := (x->andmap(q->op(q,x)<0.001,[3,4,6])); end if;\n\n      unprofile();\n      names_prof := names_to_profile();\n      profile(op(names_prof));\n      if   f::string then res := NULL; read(f);\n      else                res := f(op(as)); end if;\n      prf, tot := GetProf(names_prof,_rest);\n      unprofile();\n      prf := remove(rm_ppr, prf);\n      PPrProf(take(prf,nppr),tot,_rest);\n      res;\n    end proc;\n\n    ModuleLoad := proc($)\n      unprotect(:-convert);\n      :-convert := overload([proc(x::name,_::identical(string),$) option overload(callseq_only); sprintf(\"%a\",x) end proc\n                            ,:-convert]);\n      protect(:-convert);\n      NULL;\n    end proc;\n    ModuleLoad();\n  end module;\n\n  local ModuleLoad := proc($)\n    BindingTools:-load_types_from_table(\n      table(\n        [(Relation=\n          ''{`::`, boolean, `in`, specfunc(anything,{Or,Not,And})}'')\n        ,(Name = 'And(name, Not({constant,undefined}))')\n        ]));\n  end proc;\n  ModuleLoad();\nend module;\n", "meta": {"hexsha": "49337f6badbb2fe57b837e35ad002311415fa93a", "size": 25789, "ext": "mpl", "lang": "Maple", "max_stars_repo_path": "maple/Utilities.mpl", "max_stars_repo_name": "vmchale/hakaru", "max_stars_repo_head_hexsha": "78922e13876e449d6812a55a11bf84c8eb0af4d6", "max_stars_repo_licenses": ["BSD-3-Clause"], "max_stars_count": 327, "max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime": "2015-01-03T08:56:51.000Z", "max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime": "2022-01-24T12:12:06.000Z", "max_issues_repo_path": "maple/Utilities.mpl", "max_issues_repo_name": "vmchale/hakaru", "max_issues_repo_head_hexsha": "78922e13876e449d6812a55a11bf84c8eb0af4d6", "max_issues_repo_licenses": ["BSD-3-Clause"], "max_issues_count": 155, "max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime": "2015-05-05T17:57:22.000Z", "max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime": "2022-03-30T15:43:39.000Z", "max_forks_repo_path": "maple/Utilities.mpl", "max_forks_repo_name": "vmchale/hakaru", "max_forks_repo_head_hexsha": "78922e13876e449d6812a55a11bf84c8eb0af4d6", "max_forks_repo_licenses": ["BSD-3-Clause"], "max_forks_count": 38, "max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime": "2015-01-23T16:25:37.000Z", "max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime": "2021-03-14T15:09:12.000Z", "avg_line_length": 39.4327217125, "max_line_length": 123, "alphanum_fraction": 0.5738880918, "num_tokens": 7724, "lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B", "lm_label": "1. 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