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| """Generate the human-facing documentation bundle from live pipeline results.""" | |
| from __future__ import annotations | |
| from datetime import datetime, timezone | |
| from common import human_bytes | |
| WORKS_COLUMNS = [ | |
| ("work_id", "string", "OpenAlex work ID (short form, e.g. W2146512944). Primary key."), | |
| ("doi", "string", "Normalized DOI (lowercase, no https://doi.org/ prefix). Null if absent."), | |
| ("title", "string", "Work title. Rows with empty titles are removed during cleaning."), | |
| ("publication_date", "string", "ISO date (YYYY-MM-DD). Null when OpenAlex has no exact date."), | |
| ("publication_year", "int16", "Publication year (2015-2025)."), | |
| ("publication_month", "int8", "Month extracted from publication_date."), | |
| ("type", "string", "OpenAlex work type (article, review, book-chapter, ...)."), | |
| ("primary_topic_id", "string", "OpenAlex topic ID of the work's primary topic."), | |
| ("primary_topic_name", "string", "Display name of the primary topic."), | |
| ("primary_topic_score", "float32", "OpenAlex confidence score for the primary topic."), | |
| ("field_id", "string", "OpenAlex field ID (top-level discipline) of the primary topic."), | |
| ("field_name", "string", "Field name, e.g. Medicine, Neuroscience."), | |
| ("subfield_id", "string", "OpenAlex subfield ID of the primary topic."), | |
| ("subfield_name", "string", "Subfield name, e.g. Oncology, Cardiology."), | |
| ("domain_id", "string", "OpenAlex domain ID (Life Sciences=1, Health Sciences=4)."), | |
| ("domain_name", "string", "Domain name."), | |
| ("topic_ids", "list<string>", "All OpenAlex topic IDs assigned to the work (max 3)."), | |
| ("topic_names", "list<string>", "Names aligned positionally with topic_ids."), | |
| ("topic_count", "int16", "Number of topics on the work."), | |
| ("author_count", "int32", "Number of authorships."), | |
| ("author_names", "list<string>", "Author display names in authorship order."), | |
| ("author_ids", "list<string>", "OpenAlex author IDs aligned with author_names."), | |
| ("author_orcids", "list<string>", "ORCIDs aligned with author_names (null where absent)."), | |
| ("institution_count", "int32", "Number of distinct institutions on the work."), | |
| ("institution_ids", "list<string>", "Distinct OpenAlex institution IDs."), | |
| ("institution_names", "list<string>", "Institution display names."), | |
| ("institution_countries", "list<string>", "Distinct ISO-3166 alpha-2 codes of institutions."), | |
| ("country_codes", "list<string>", "All countries involved (authors + institutions)."), | |
| ("country_count", "int16", "Number of distinct countries."), | |
| ("source_id", "string", "OpenAlex source (journal/venue) ID."), | |
| ("source_name", "string", "Source display name."), | |
| ("source_type", "string", "Source type (journal, conference, repository, ...)."), | |
| ("issn_l", "string", "Linking ISSN of the source."), | |
| ("issns", "list<string>", "All ISSNs of the source."), | |
| ("publisher", "string", "Host organisation / publisher name."), | |
| ("cited_by_count", "int32", "OpenAlex citation count at retrieval time."), | |
| ("recent_citations_3y", "int32", "Citations accrued in the last 3 years (2023-2025)."), | |
| ("referenced_works_count", "int32", "Number of references (per OpenAlex)."), | |
| ("referenced_work_ids", "list<string>", "OpenAlex IDs of referenced works (short form)."), | |
| ("is_oa", "bool", "Open-access flag."), | |
| ("oa_status", "string", "OA status: gold, green, hybrid, bronze, diamond, closed."), | |
| ("oa_url", "string", "Best OA location URL."), | |
| ("license", "string", "License string of the primary/best OA location (e.g. cc-by)."), | |
| ("license_id", "string", "License identifier where provided."), | |
| ("language", "string", "Language code of the work."), | |
| ("abstract", "string", "Abstract reconstructed from OpenAlex's inverted index (null if none)."), | |
| ("has_abstract", "bool", "Whether an abstract could be reconstructed."), | |
| ("is_retracted", "bool", "Retraction flag."), | |
| ("is_paratext", "bool", "Paratext flag (front matter, editorials) - excluded by default."), | |
| ("fwci", "float32", "Field-Weighted Citation Impact (OpenAlex supplied)."), | |
| ("openalex_citation_percentile", "float32", "OpenAlex-supplied normalized citation percentile."), | |
| ("created_date", "string", "Date the record was created in OpenAlex."), | |
| ("updated_date", "string", "Date the record was last updated in OpenAlex."), | |
| ("mesh_terms", "list<string>", "MeSH descriptor/qualifier terms where OpenAlex supplies them."), | |
| ("keywords", "list<string>", "OpenAlex keyword tags."), | |
| ("paper_age_years", "float32", "DERIVED: reference_year - publication_year."), | |
| ("citations_per_year", "float32", "DERIVED: cited_by_count / max(paper_age_years, 1)."), | |
| ("citation_velocity", "float32", "DERIVED: recent_citations_3y / 3."), | |
| ("international_collaboration", "bool", "DERIVED: country_count >= 2."), | |
| ("multi_institutional", "bool", "DERIVED: institution_count >= 2."), | |
| ("publication_recency_score", "float32", "DERIVED: exp(-paper_age_years / halflife)."), | |
| ("citation_percentile", "float32", "DERIVED: percentile of cited_by_count within publication_year x field."), | |
| ("high_impact_flag", "bool", "DERIVED: citation_percentile >= configured threshold (default 90)."), | |
| ("research_growth_score", "float32", "DERIVED: late/early publication ratio of the work's field."), | |
| ("topic_growth_score", "float32", "DERIVED: late/early publication ratio of the primary topic."), | |
| ("emerging_topic_flag", "bool", "DERIVED: primary topic is emerging (growth ratio >= threshold, sufficient volume)."), | |
| ] | |
| RELATION_COLUMNS = { | |
| "work_authors.parquet": [ | |
| ("work_id", "FK to works.work_id"), ("author_id", "OpenAlex author ID"), | |
| ("author_name", "author display name"), ("orcid", "ORCID if available"), | |
| ("author_position", "first / middle / last"), ("is_corresponding", "corresponding-author flag"), | |
| ("institution_ids", "institutions for this authorship"), | |
| ("country_codes", "countries for this authorship"), | |
| ], | |
| "work_institutions.parquet": [ | |
| ("work_id", "FK to works"), ("institution_id", "OpenAlex institution ID"), | |
| ("institution_name", "name"), ("country_code", "ISO alpha-2"), | |
| ("institution_type", "education / company / government / facility / other"), | |
| ], | |
| "work_topics.parquet": [ | |
| ("work_id", "FK to works"), ("topic_id", "OpenAlex topic ID"), ("topic_name", "topic name"), | |
| ("score", "relevance score"), ("is_primary", "primary-topic flag"), | |
| ("subfield_id", "subfield"), ("subfield_name", "subfield name"), | |
| ("field_id", "field"), ("field_name", "field name"), | |
| ("domain_id", "domain"), ("domain_name", "domain name"), | |
| ], | |
| "citation_edges.parquet": [ | |
| ("citing_work_id", "work that cites"), ("cited_work_id", "work that is cited"), | |
| ("cited_in_dataset", "always true: edges are restricted to pairs inside this dataset"), | |
| ], | |
| "authors.parquet": [ | |
| ("author_id", "PK"), ("author_name", "name"), ("orcid", "ORCID"), | |
| ("works_count", "works in dataset"), ("first_year", "earliest year"), ("last_year", "latest year"), | |
| ("total_citations", "sum of citations"), ("mean_citations", "mean citations per work"), | |
| ("institution_ids", "affiliations seen"), ("country_codes", "countries seen"), | |
| ("primary_field_id", "most frequent field"), ("primary_field_name", "field name"), | |
| ], | |
| "institutions.parquet": [ | |
| ("institution_id", "PK"), ("institution_name", "name"), ("country_code", "ISO alpha-2"), | |
| ("works_count", "works in dataset"), ("first_year", "earliest year"), ("last_year", "latest year"), | |
| ("total_citations", "sum of citations"), ("mean_citations", "mean citations"), | |
| ("primary_field_id", "most frequent field"), ("primary_field_name", "field name"), | |
| ], | |
| "topics.parquet": [ | |
| ("topic_id", "PK"), ("topic_name", "name"), ("subfield_id", "subfield"), ("subfield_name", "subfield name"), | |
| ("field_id", "field"), ("field_name", "field name"), ("domain_id", "domain"), ("domain_name", "domain name"), | |
| ("works_count", "works in dataset"), ("first_year", "earliest year"), ("last_year", "latest year"), | |
| ("total_citations", "sum of citations"), ("mean_citations", "mean citations"), | |
| ], | |
| "sources.parquet": [ | |
| ("source_id", "PK"), ("source_name", "venue name"), ("source_type", "journal/conference/..."), | |
| ("issn_l", "linking ISSN"), ("issns", "all ISSNs"), ("publisher", "publisher"), | |
| ("is_oa", "venue OA flag"), ("works_count", "works in dataset"), | |
| ("total_citations", "sum of citations"), ("mean_citations", "mean citations"), | |
| ], | |
| } | |
| ANALYTICS_COLUMNS = { | |
| "topic_year_counts.parquet": [("topic_id", ""), ("topic_name", ""), ("publication_year", ""), ("works_count", "")], | |
| "topic_growth.parquet": [("topic_id", ""), ("topic_name", ""), ("first_year", ""), ("last_year", ""), | |
| ("early_count", "sum in first half of range"), ("late_count", "sum in second half"), | |
| ("growth_ratio", "(late+1)/(early+1)"), ("cagr", "compound annual growth of averages"), | |
| ("trend_slope", "OLS slope of yearly counts"), ("emerging_topic_flag", "growth and volume threshold")], | |
| "country_year_counts.parquet": [("country_code", ""), ("publication_year", ""), ("works_count", "")], | |
| "country_collaboration.parquet": [("country_a", ""), ("country_b", ""), ("collaboration_count", "co-authored works")], | |
| "institution_activity.parquet": [("institution_id", ""), ("institution_name", ""), ("country_code", ""), | |
| ("publication_year", ""), ("works_count", ""), ("total_citations", "")], | |
| } | |
| def _now(): | |
| return datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%d") | |
| def readme(cfg, stats, manifest) -> str: | |
| t = stats.get("totals", {}) | |
| yrs = stats.get("year_range") or [None, None] | |
| size = manifest.get("package_size_bytes", 0) | |
| cit = stats.get("citation_statistics", {}) | |
| return f"""# {cfg['project']['title']} | |
| A curated, normalized, enriched and packaged **biomedical research intelligence | |
| dataset** derived from OpenAlex metadata, provided in AI-ready formats | |
| (Parquet + JSONL) with full provenance and reproducible build tooling. | |
| This is a **derivative dataset**: it is not a re-upload of OpenAlex. The value | |
| added here is biomedical filtering by taxonomy, cleaning, normalization, | |
| relational restructuring, quality control and derived analytical features. | |
| ## What it is | |
| - **Source:** OpenAlex work metadata, retrieved through the OpenAlex REST API. | |
| - **Scope:** biomedical and health-related research only, selected by OpenAlex | |
| **taxonomy IDs** (fields 13, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 36), not keyword search. | |
| - **Coverage:** publication years {yrs[0]}-{yrs[1]}. | |
| - **Selection:** stratified random sample drawn per (year x field) shard with a | |
| fixed random seed, so every year and every biomedical field is represented | |
| proportionally and the result is reproducible. | |
| - **Records:** {t.get('total_records', 0):,} works, {t.get('unique_works', 0):,} unique | |
| OpenAlex IDs, {t.get('unique_dois', 0):,} unique DOIs. | |
| - **Languages / OA:** see `metadata/dataset_statistics.json`. | |
| - **Package size (uncompressed):** {human_bytes(size)}. | |
| ## Intended uses | |
| Machine-learning and analytical research on the biomedical literature: | |
| trend and growth analysis, collaboration-network analysis, bibliometric | |
| modeling, topic classification, retrieval/ranking experiments, and as a | |
| ready-to-load table for LLM and data-science tooling. | |
| ## Formats and layout | |
| ``` | |
| data/ works + dimensions + relations (Parquet), JSONL exports, splits | |
| analytics/ pre-aggregated time-series and collaboration tables (Parquet) | |
| metadata/ manifest, statistics, schema, source queries, build info | |
| ``` | |
| Parquet is the primary format. JSONL exports (gzip) are provided for | |
| streaming/LLM use. See `DATA_DICTIONARY.md` for every column. | |
| ## Key derived features | |
| `paper_age_years`, `citations_per_year`, `citation_velocity`, | |
| `citation_percentile` (within year x field), `high_impact_flag`, | |
| `publication_recency_score`, `international_collaboration`, | |
| `multi_institutional`, `research_growth_score`, `topic_growth_score`, | |
| `emerging_topic_flag`. Definitions are in `METHODOLOGY.md`. | |
| ## Train / validation / test splits | |
| Chronological to avoid leakage: | |
| train <= {cfg['splits']['train_max_year']}, | |
| validation {cfg['splits']['validation_years']}, | |
| test >= {cfg['splits']['test_min_year']}. | |
| The complete unsplit dataset is retained separately. | |
| ## Limitations | |
| See `QUALITY_REPORT.md`. In short: metadata-only (no full text), citation | |
| counts are OpenAlex's at retrieval time, institutional/author disambiguation | |
| is inherited from OpenAlex, and derived growth signals are estimates that scale | |
| with sample size. | |
| ## Rights | |
| Base metadata originates from OpenAlex (CC0). Derived fields and packaging are | |
| original. No copyrighted full text, figures or supplementary files are included. | |
| See `LICENSE_AND_RIGHTS.md`. | |
| ## Reproduce | |
| ```bash | |
| pip install -r requirements.txt | |
| python run-all.py | |
| ``` | |
| Retrieval dates and exact filters are recorded in `PROVENANCE.md` and | |
| `metadata/source_queries.json`. | |
| _Generated {_now()} by pipeline v{cfg['project']['version']}._ | |
| """ | |
| def data_dictionary(cfg, stats) -> str: | |
| out = [f"# Data Dictionary - {cfg['project']['title']}", "", | |
| "All columns of every delivered table. Types are Arrow/Parquet types.", ""] | |
| out += ["## data/works.parquet", "", "| Column | Type | Description |", "|---|---|---|"] | |
| for name, typ, desc in WORKS_COLUMNS: | |
| out.append(f"| `{name}` | {typ} | {desc} |") | |
| out.append("") | |
| for fname, cols in RELATION_COLUMNS.items(): | |
| out += [f"## data/{fname}", "", "| Column | Description |", "|---|---|"] | |
| for name, desc in cols: | |
| out.append(f"| `{name}` | {desc} |") | |
| out.append("") | |
| for fname, cols in ANALYTICS_COLUMNS.items(): | |
| out += [f"## analytics/{fname}", "", "| Column | Description |", "|---|---|"] | |
| for name, desc in cols: | |
| out.append(f"| `{name}` | {desc} |") | |
| out.append("") | |
| out += ["## Splits", "", | |
| "`data/biomedical_works_train.jsonl.gz`, `..._validation.jsonl.gz`, " | |
| "`..._test.jsonl.gz` contain the same columns as `data/works.parquet`, " | |
| "split chronologically by publication year.", ""] | |
| return "\n".join(out) | |
| def methodology(cfg) -> str: | |
| f = cfg["features"] | |
| return f"""# Methodology | |
| ## 1. Collection | |
| Metadata is retrieved from the OpenAlex REST API (`/works`) using OAuth-free | |
| polite-pool access with a `mailto` identifier. Retrieval is resumable: each | |
| (year, field) shard keeps its own checkpoint, requests are retried with | |
| exponential backoff and jitter, and 429/5xx responses honour `Retry-After`. | |
| ## 2. Taxonomy filtering (no keyword search) | |
| The biomedical scope is defined by OpenAlex **field IDs**: | |
| | Field ID | Field | | |
| |---|---| | |
| | 13 | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | | |
| | 24 | Immunology and Microbiology | | |
| | 27 | Medicine | | |
| | 28 | Neuroscience | | |
| | 29 | Nursing | | |
| | 30 | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics | | |
| | 35 | Dentistry | | |
| | 36 | Health Professions | | |
| These cover the requested areas (oncology, cardiology, public health, | |
| epidemiology, infectious disease, genetics, surgery, psychiatry, pediatrics, | |
| obstetrics & gynecology, radiology, anesthesiology, health policy, global | |
| health, and more) through their subfields and topics. The taxonomy snapshot is | |
| frozen under `metadata/taxonomy/` so normalization is deterministic. | |
| ## 3. Selection / sampling | |
| The scope is partitioned into (publication_year x field) shards. A global target | |
| row count is distributed across shards **in proportion to each shard's true | |
| size**, and works are drawn with OpenAlex's **seeded random `sample`** operator. | |
| Seeded sampling is essential: the default listing order returns the most-cited | |
| works first (median ~1,300 citations), whereas the seeded sample reproduces the | |
| true citation distribution (median 0-1). Each shard uses a deterministic seed, | |
| so re-running reproduces the identical set. No record is duplicated to inflate | |
| size. | |
| ## 4. Cleaning and normalization | |
| - **Deduplication** by OpenAlex work ID and by normalized DOI. | |
| - **DOI normalization**: lowercase, scheme/prefix stripped. | |
| - **Date normalization** to ISO `YYYY-MM-DD`; invalid dates dropped. | |
| - **Abstract reconstruction** from OpenAlex's inverted index into text. | |
| - **Author normalization**: names, OpenAlex IDs, ORCIDs (bare form), positions, | |
| corresponding flags; affiliations flattened. | |
| - **Institution normalization**: IDs, names, ISO-3166 alpha-2 country codes. | |
| - **Country normalization**: union of authorship and institution countries. | |
| - **Topic normalization** to a frozen topic index (topic/subfield/field/domain). | |
| - **Malformed removal**: rows without an ID or with empty titles are dropped. | |
| - **Missing values** represented consistently as null. | |
| ## 5. Derived metrics (deterministic, reproducible) | |
| Let `ref_year = max(publication_year)`, halflife = {f['recency_halflife_years']}y. | |
| - `paper_age_years = ref_year - publication_year` | |
| - `citations_per_year = cited_by_count / max(paper_age_years, 1)` | |
| - `citation_velocity = recent_citations_3y / 3` | |
| - `publication_recency_score = exp(-paper_age_years / halflife)` | |
| - `citation_percentile` = percentile rank of `cited_by_count` **within | |
| publication_year x field** (groups: {f['citation_percentile_group']}). | |
| - `high_impact_flag = citation_percentile >= {f['high_impact_percentile']}` | |
| - `international_collaboration = country_count >= 2` | |
| - `multi_institutional = institution_count >= 2` | |
| - Growth: each topic/field's yearly counts are split into an early and a late | |
| half of the year range; `growth_ratio = (late+1)/(early+1)`, `cagr` from the | |
| half-averages, `trend_slope` = OLS slope of yearly counts. | |
| - `emerging_topic_flag = growth_ratio >= {f['emerging_growth_threshold']} and | |
| late_count >= 50 and late > early`. | |
| No derived field is generated by a language model; all values are computed from | |
| OpenAlex metadata by the versioned code in `src/`. | |
| ## 6. Train / validation / test splitting | |
| Chronological, to prevent leakage: a work appears in exactly one split | |
| (works are unique and DOIs are deduplicated, so the same paper or DOI cannot | |
| cross splits). Train <= {cfg['splits']['train_max_year']}, validation | |
| {cfg['splits']['validation_years']}, test >= {cfg['splits']['test_min_year']}. | |
| The complete unsplit dataset is retained as `data/works.parquet`. | |
| ## 7. Validation and packaging | |
| Every Parquet table is validated against its canonical Arrow schema (column | |
| names, types, required-column nulls, primary-key uniqueness). SHA-256 checksums | |
| are written for all delivered files in `checksums.sha256`. | |
| """ | |
| def provenance(cfg, source_queries, stats, manifest) -> str: | |
| queries = source_queries or [] | |
| rows = [] | |
| for q in queries: | |
| rows.append(f"- retrieval started **{q.get('retrieval_started')}**, finished " | |
| f"**{q.get('retrieval_finished')}**, {q.get('rows_collected'):,} rows, " | |
| f"filters field IDs {q.get('field_ids')}, years {q.get('year_range')}, " | |
| f"endpoint `{q.get('endpoint')}`") | |
| qtext = "\n".join(rows) if rows else "- see metadata/source_queries.json" | |
| return f"""# Provenance | |
| ## Source | |
| The base metadata in this package originates from **OpenAlex** | |
| (https://openalex.org), an open scholarly-metadata catalogue. OpenAlex data is | |
| dedicated to the public domain under **CC0 1.0** (see `LICENSE_AND_RIGHTS.md`). | |
| - API base: `{cfg['source']['base_url']}` | |
| - Endpoint: `/works` (plus `/domains`, `/fields`, `/subfields`, `/topics` for taxonomy) | |
| - Access: polite pool via `mailto` | |
| - Selection operator: seeded random `sample` per (year x field) shard | |
| ## Retrieval records | |
| {qtext} | |
| ## Transformations | |
| 1. Raw JSON pages are streamed to gzip-JSONL shards per (year, field). | |
| 2. `normalize.py` flattens nested objects, reconstructs abstracts, normalizes | |
| identifiers and writes Parquet parts. | |
| 3. `derive_features.py` attaches derived metrics. | |
| 4. `build_relations.py` builds dimension tables and the internal citation graph. | |
| 5. `analyze.py` builds the analytics aggregates and statistics. | |
| 6. `validate.py` checks schemas; `package.py` writes the manifest, checksums | |
| and archive. | |
| Every stage is checkpointed and deterministic given the same config and seeds. | |
| ## Build | |
| - Pipeline version: {cfg['project']['version']} | |
| - Build timestamp: {manifest.get('build_timestamp')} | |
| - Config file: `config.yaml` (frozen values in `metadata/build_info.json`) | |
| ## Reproducibility | |
| Because sampling uses fixed seeds derived from shard keys, re-running the | |
| collection reproduces the same works (subject to OpenAlex's own record | |
| additions/updates between runs). Citation counts reflect OpenAlex at the | |
| retrieval date above. | |
| """ | |
| def license_and_rights(cfg) -> str: | |
| return f"""# License and Rights | |
| This document separates three layers of rights so that nothing is misrepresented. | |
| ## 1. Original OpenAlex metadata (source layer) | |
| The base bibliographic metadata is sourced from **OpenAlex**, which is made | |
| available under **CC0 1.0 Universal (Public Domain Dedication)**. | |
| OpenAlex aggregates metadata from Crossref, PubMed, MAG, institutional | |
| repositories and others; it publishes the aggregated metadata openly. | |
| - No exclusive ownership of OpenAlex source data is claimed. | |
| - The underlying public metadata is **not** proprietary. | |
| - Attribution to OpenAlex is given as a courtesy and is recorded in | |
| `PROVENANCE.md`. | |
| ## 2. Derived content (this package's contribution) | |
| The following are original to this project: the biomedical taxonomy-based | |
| selection and stratification, cleaning and normalization, relational | |
| restructuring, derived analytical features, quality control, documentation and | |
| packaging. | |
| This package is offered as a **curated, normalized, enriched and packaged | |
| derivative dataset**. It does not claim exclusive rights over the source data. | |
| ## 3. Content intentionally excluded | |
| The following are **not** included, because their redistribution rights are | |
| unclear or restricted: | |
| - Full-text articles, PDFs, HTML and publisher landing pages. | |
| - Figures, tables, images and supplementary files. | |
| - Any content flagged non-commercial or otherwise restricted. | |
| - Any dataset with unclear commercial reuse rights. | |
| Only OpenAlex metadata fields and abstracts that OpenAlex itself distributes | |
| through its API are included. Abstracts are reconstructed from OpenAlex's | |
| inverted-index metadata representation, which OpenAlex provides as part of its | |
| open API; no publisher scraping or access-control circumvention was performed. | |
| ## Practical guidance for downstream users | |
| - Cite OpenAlex as the metadata source. | |
| - Verify the licence of any individual work before redistributing its abstract, | |
| where a specific licence is required. | |
| - `works.license` / `works.license_id` record the OpenAlex-reported licence of | |
| the article's OA location where available. | |
| _This document is not legal advice._ | |
| """ | |
| def quality_report(cfg, validation, stats, norm_stats, derive_stats, files) -> str: | |
| t = stats.get("totals", {}) | |
| missing = stats.get("missing_value_percent", {}) | |
| worst = sorted(missing.items(), key=lambda kv: -kv[1])[:15] | |
| missing_rows = "\n".join(f"| `{k}` | {v}% |" for k, v in worst) | |
| tables = [] | |
| for rel, info in (validation.get("tables") or {}).items(): | |
| tables.append(f"| `{rel}` | {info.get('rows', 'n/a')} | {info.get('status')} |") | |
| tables_txt = "\n".join(tables) | |
| return f"""# Quality Report | |
| _Generated {_now()} by pipeline v{cfg['project']['version']}._ | |
| ## Schema validation | |
| Status: **{validation.get('status', 'unknown')}** | |
| ({len(validation.get('errors', []))} errors, {len(validation.get('warnings', []))} warnings) | |
| | Table | Rows | Status | | |
| |---|---|---| | |
| {tables_txt} | |
| ## Malformed records | |
| | Category | Count | | |
| |---|---| | |
| | Raw rows read | {norm_stats.get('raw_rows', 'n/a')} | | |
| | Malformed / dropped (no ID or empty title) | {norm_stats.get('malformed', 'n/a')} | | |
| | Duplicate work IDs removed | {norm_stats.get('dup_id', 'n/a')} | | |
| | Duplicate DOIs removed | {norm_stats.get('dup_doi', 'n/a')} | | |
| | Records kept | {norm_stats.get('kept', 'n/a')} | | |
| ## Missingness (top columns, by percent null) | |
| | Column | % null | | |
| |---|---| | |
| {missing_rows} | |
| ## Citation statistics | |
| `{stats.get('citation_statistics', {})}` | |
| ## International collaboration rate | |
| {stats.get('international_collaboration_rate')} | |
| ## Suspicious / notable values | |
| - Citation counts are OpenAlex's at retrieval time and can be 0 for recent works. | |
| - `citation_velocity` is null where OpenAlex supplies no `counts_by_year`. | |
| - `citation_percentile` is computed within (year x field); small shards in the | |
| least-populated (year, field) cells have coarser percentiles. | |
| - `emerging_topic_flag` requires >= 50 late-period works; small samples flag few | |
| topics. | |
| - OpenAlex primary-topic assignment is model-predicted and inherits its error. | |
| ## Coverage | |
| - Year range: {stats.get('year_range')} | |
| - Fields covered: {len(stats.get('works_per_field', {}))} | |
| - Subfields covered: {len(stats.get('works_per_subfield', {}))} | |
| - Countries covered: {len(stats.get('works_per_country', {}))} | |
| - OpenAlex-supplied citation percentile and FWCI retained for cross-checks. | |
| ## Known limitations | |
| 1. Metadata-only: abstracts where OpenAlex provides them; no full text. | |
| 2. Sampling: this is a proportional stratified sample, not the full corpus; | |
| rare cells are represented with fewer rows. | |
| 3. Author/institution identity is inherited from OpenAlex disambiguation. | |
| 4. Citation-based features are time-sensitive (snapshot at retrieval date). | |
| 5. Derived growth scores are estimates and scale with the sample size. | |
| ## Files validated | |
| {len(files)} delivered files hashed in `checksums.sha256`. | |
| """ | |