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README.md
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license: mit
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---
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pretty_name: "SPARC: Spoken Profile Authorship Recognition Corpus"
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language:
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- en
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license: mit
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license_name: sparc-mixed
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task_categories:
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- text-classification
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tags:
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- authorship-verification
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- speaker-verification
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- privacy
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- speech-transcripts
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- podcasts
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size_categories:
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- 1M<n<10M
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viewer: false
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extra_gated_prompt: >-
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SPARC is released for privacy research only. Do not use it to re-identify or profile individuals,
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or for forensic, law-enforcement, employment, eligibility, or other high-stakes decisions.
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Sex, age, and accent labels are model-inferred, not verified identities. The SPoRC-derived
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portion is subject to the SPoRC data-use terms (research and education only).
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extra_gated_fields:
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Affiliation: text
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Intended use: text
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I agree to use SPARC only for research on transcript privacy and its defenses: checkbox
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I agree to the SPoRC data-use terms for the SPoRC-derived file: checkbox
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---
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# SPARC: Spoken Profile Authorship Recognition Corpus
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SPARC is a benchmark for measuring how much **speaker identity** and **demographic attributes** (sex, age, accent) leak from transcribed speech. It contains quality-filtered, single-speaker podcast transcripts from two corpora, NaturalVoices and SPoRC, with speaker-level attribute labels.
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**This repository contains the speaker-level data only.** The code, the verification-trial generation used in the paper (identity, sex, age, and accent trials; probe length P ∈ {50, 200} words; enrollment size L ∈ {5, 20} utterances), and the evaluation scripts are on GitHub: [link](https://github.com/bowenyi-pierre/SPARC)
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## Files
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| File | Source | Speakers | Episodes | Utterances | Words | Size |
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|---|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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| `naturalvoices_speaker_info_anon.json` | NaturalVoices (CC-BY 4.0 episodes) | 2,344 | 3,500 | 779,494 | 13.7M | 87 MB |
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| `sporc_speaker_info_anon.json` | SPoRC (single-speaker subset) | 10,165 | 15,555 | 795,591 | 26.5M | 153 MB |
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Both files share the same structure.
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## Structure
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Each file is a JSON object keyed by speaker ID. Each speaker maps to one key per episode (that speaker's utterances in that episode) plus five attribute keys:
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```json
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{
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"n00030": {
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"MSP-PODCAST_0001": [
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"Hey, you are listening to Nothing Sounds Better Podcast.",
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"..."
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],
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"age": 28.78,
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"gender": "male",
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"accent": "North America",
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"accent_probs": {"Eastern Asia": 0.0001, "English": 0.001, "...": "...", "North America": 0.9688, "Welsh": 0.0},
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"accent_num_utterances": 16
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}
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}
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```
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| Key | Type | Description |
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|---|---|---|
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| `<episode_id>` | `list[str]` | The speaker's retained utterances in that episode, in temporal order. Every key that is not one of the five attributes below is an episode. |
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| `age` | `float` | Predicted age in years, averaged over utterances. |
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| `gender` | `str` | Predicted sex: `male` or `female`. NaturalVoices also contains `child` for 5 speakers. |
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| `accent` | `str` | Argmax of `accent_probs`. |
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| `accent_probs` | `dict[str, float]` | Speaker-level distribution over 16 English dialect classes: Eastern Asia, English, Germanic, Irish, North America, Northern Irish, Oceania, Other, Romance, Scottish, Semitic, Slavic, South African, South-eastern Asia, Southern Asia, Welsh. |
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| `accent_num_utterances` | `int` | Number of utterance-level predictions averaged into `accent_probs`. |
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### Identifiers
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| | NaturalVoices | SPoRC |
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|---|---|---|
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| Speaker ID | `n` + original NaturalVoices speaker ID, zero-padded (`n00030` = speaker 30) | `s00000`–`s10164`, pseudonymous; speaker names are not released |
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| Episode ID | `MSP-PODCAST_####`, from NaturalVoices | `ep_######`, internal episode index |
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| Episodes | May contain several speakers (1,699 of 3,500) | Single-speaker |
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## Loading
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The files are nested JSON (one object per speaker), so `load_dataset` and the dataset viewer do not apply. Load them directly:
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```python
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import json
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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ATTRS = {"age", "gender", "accent", "accent_probs", "accent_num_utterances"}
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path = hf_hub_download("timtsapras23/SPARC", "naturalvoices_speakers.json", repo_type="dataset")
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with open(path) as f:
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data = json.load(f)
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for speaker_id, info in data.items():
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episodes = {k: v for k, v in info.items() if k not in ATTRS}
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labels = {k: info[k] for k in ATTRS}
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```
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Use the GitHub scripts to build the verification trials from these files.
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## Construction
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SPARC is built from two English podcast corpora: [NaturalVoices](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00256) (Du et al., 2025) and [SPoRC](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07892) (Litterer et al., 2025). Speaker labels are either taken from the original data or inferred with speech models:
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- **Age and sex.** Taken from the original metadata for NaturalVoices; inferred with [Vox-Profile](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14648) (Feng et al., 2025b) for SPoRC.
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- **Accent.** Inferred with [Voxlect](https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01691) (Feng et al., 2025a) for both corpora.
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Details are in the paper.
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## Statistics
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| | NaturalVoices | SPoRC |
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|---|---:|---:|
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| Speakers | 2,344 | 10,165 |
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| Unique episodes | 3,500 | 15,555 |
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| Speaker–episode pairs | 6,766 | 15,555 |
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| Utterances | 779,494 | 795,591 |
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| Avg. utterances / speaker | 332.6 | 78.3 |
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| Mean age (years) | 41.5 | 37.9 |
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| Male / Female / Child (%) | 52.4 / 47.4 / 0.2 | 59.3 / 40.7 / 0 |
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| Age < 30 / 30–60 / 60+ (%) | 15.7 / 76.2 / 8.1 | 36.3 / 53.1 / 10.6 |
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| North American accent (%) | 78.2 | 77.3 |
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## Intended Use
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SPARC is intended for research on transcript privacy: measuring identity and attribute leakage from transcribed speech, and developing and evaluating text-level anonymization and other defenses.
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**Out of scope:** re-identifying, profiling, or making decisions about individuals, including forensic, law-enforcement, employment, eligibility, or other high-stakes uses.
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## License
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- `naturalvoices_speakers.json`: derived from NaturalVoices episodes released under CC-BY 4.0; redistributed under **CC-BY 4.0**. Please credit NaturalVoices (Du et al., 2025).
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- `sporc_speakers.json`: derived from SPoRC; use is subject to the [SPoRC data-use terms](https://huggingface.co/datasets/blitt/SPoRC) (research and education only, no commercial use). Please credit SPoRC (Litterer et al., 2025).
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- Accent labels are produced with Voxlect; reuse should comply with Voxlect's Responsible AI License.
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{sparc2027,
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title = {SPARC: Spoken Profile Authorship Recognition Corpus},
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author = {Anonymous},
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year = {2027},
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note = {Under review}
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}
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```
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Please also cite the source corpora and labeling models:
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- Du et al. 2025. *NaturalVoices: A Large-Scale, Spontaneous and Emotional Podcast Dataset for Voice Conversion.* arXiv:2511.00256.
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- Litterer, Jurgens, and Card. 2025. *Mapping the Podcast Ecosystem with the Structured Podcast Research Corpus.* ACL 2025.
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- Feng et al. 2025. *Vox-Profile: A Speech Foundation Model Benchmark for Characterizing Diverse Speaker and Speech Traits.* arXiv:2505.14648.
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- Feng et al. 2025. *Voxlect: A Speech Foundation Model Benchmark for Modeling Dialects and Regional Languages Around the Globe.* arXiv:2508.01691.
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