Scheduled Commit

.gitattributes

@@ -66571,3 +66571,73 @@ tossups/74/676f8314c626ea977c7a3e74.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 tossups/78/676f8314c626ea977c7a3e78.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 tossups/79/676f8314c626ea977c7a3e79.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 tossups/83/67777553115778212c716c83.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/00/67777580115778212c716d00.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/01/67777580115778212c716d01.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/02/67777580115778212c716d02.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/03/67777580115778212c716d03.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/04/67777580115778212c716d04.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/05/67777580115778212c716d05.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/06/67777580115778212c716d06.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/07/67777580115778212c716d07.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/08/67777580115778212c716d08.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/84/67777553115778212c716c84.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/85/67777553115778212c716c85.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/86/67777553115778212c716c86.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/87/67777553115778212c716c87.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/88/67777553115778212c716c88.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/89/67777553115778212c716c89.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/8a/67777553115778212c716c8a.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/8b/67777553115778212c716c8b.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/8c/67777553115778212c716c8c.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/8d/67777553115778212c716c8d.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/8e/67777553115778212c716c8e.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/8f/67777553115778212c716c8f.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/90/67777553115778212c716c90.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/91/67777553115778212c716c91.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/92/67777553115778212c716c92.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/93/67777553115778212c716c93.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/94/67777553115778212c716c94.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/95/67777553115778212c716c95.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/96/67777553115778212c716c96.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/ac/67777562115778212c716cac.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/ad/67777562115778212c716cad.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/ae/67777562115778212c716cae.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/af/67777562115778212c716caf.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/b0/67777562115778212c716cb0.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/b1/67777562115778212c716cb1.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/b2/67777562115778212c716cb2.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/b3/67777562115778212c716cb3.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/b4/67777562115778212c716cb4.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/b5/67777562115778212c716cb5.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/b6/67777562115778212c716cb6.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/b7/67777562115778212c716cb7.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/b8/67777562115778212c716cb8.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/b9/67777562115778212c716cb9.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/ba/67777562115778212c716cba.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/bb/67777562115778212c716cbb.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/bc/67777562115778212c716cbc.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/bd/67777562115778212c716cbd.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/be/67777562115778212c716cbe.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/bf/67777562115778212c716cbf.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/d5/6777756e115778212c716cd5.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/d6/6777756e115778212c716cd6.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/d7/6777756e115778212c716cd7.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/d8/6777756e115778212c716cd8.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/d9/6777756e115778212c716cd9.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/da/6777756e115778212c716cda.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/db/6777756e115778212c716cdb.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/dc/6777756e115778212c716cdc.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/dd/6777756e115778212c716cdd.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/de/6777756e115778212c716cde.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/df/6777756e115778212c716cdf.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/e0/6777756e115778212c716ce0.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/e1/6777756e115778212c716ce1.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/e2/6777756e115778212c716ce2.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/e3/6777756e115778212c716ce3.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/e4/6777756e115778212c716ce4.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/e5/6777756e115778212c716ce5.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/e6/6777756e115778212c716ce6.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/e7/6777756e115778212c716ce7.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/e8/6777756e115778212c716ce8.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/fe/67777580115778212c716cfe.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tossups/ff/67777580115778212c716cff.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

tossups/00/67777580115778212c716d00.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.28],[7.4,15.16],[15.28,20.16],[20.28,26.8],[26.92,32.56],[32.68,38.44]],"texts":["They weren't active in World War II, but this group killed an American journalist whose secret diary was published as The Long March to Freedom.","This group's use of child soldiers was the subject of a Johanna Higgs book which detailed the efforts of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace to prosecute its former members.","Shortly after this group's headquarters were overrun in Operation Green House, Group M-19 was demobilized.","This was the larger of two groups targeted by the AUC, which carried out the Mapiripan Massacre to wipe out the ELN and this group.","Members of this group formed the Commons political party, which is currently led by Timoleon Jimenez, or Timoshenko.","A veteran of La Violencia founded, for 10 points, what Marxist group that was prominent in the Colombian conflict?"]}

tossups/00/67777580115778212c716d00.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a945baf01e4c3b6be9a1d573c790f14be5f303ecbb08e9efddb750d9955676a3
+size 117367

tossups/01/67777580115778212c716d01.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.16],[7.28,12.76],[12.88,20.4],[20.52,25.52],[25.64,32.72],[32.84,36.4],[36.52,40.6]],"texts":["This algorithm is used to define the T-alike and T-opposite relations in a test sometimes named for de Fraysseix and Rosenstiehl.","A variant of this algorithm named for Charles Pierre Tremaux is widely-utilized in Micromouse competitions.","Ordering outputs in descending order of their exit time during this algorithm is a common alternative to Kahn's algorithm for computing a topological ordering.","Two passes of this algorithm are performed during most implementations of Kosaraju's algorithm.","It's not related to pathfinding, but iterative deepening is a variant of this algorithm that, unlike this algorithm, is optimal and complete.","This algorithm pushes nodes onto a stack to facilitate backtracking.","For 10 points, name this search algorithm contrasted with breadth-first search."]}

tossups/01/67777580115778212c716d01.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:fbf207ecc3ee3518c2317207701b624f2e16cd25d7a388d037bc57f51ef98e11
+size 124043

tossups/02/67777580115778212c716d02.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.52],[8.64,14.64],[14.76,18.76],[18.88,26.44],[26.56,35.64],[35.76,40.52]],"texts":["Easterly and Levine showed that this process is inversely correlated with a low ELF index, calculated as one minus the Herfindahl index of each ethnic group in a nation.","Positive assortative matching of workers of the same skill occurs in Michael Kremer's O-ring model of this process.","Walter Rostow proposed a linear model of this process called the take-off model.","Given the Singer-Prebisch thesis, many economists argue that nations undergoing it should pursue a policy of import substitution industrialization.","Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson argue that comparative differences in this process's outcomes arose from \"extractive institutions\" created by European colonial powers.","For 10 points, identify this process by which nations improve their economic well-being."]}

tossups/02/67777580115778212c716d02.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:c9ad9efdc601568b6a5c87b4968d5b0a23a215df2a15b8caf9e4338fe325c5f7
+size 123969

tossups/03/67777580115778212c716d03.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.04],[7.16,13.28],[13.4,20.92],[21.04,29.08],[29.2,32.84],[32.96,37.88]],"texts":["A finite number of these phenomena are identified in the box-ball system using an algorithm introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma.","A density profile proportional to sech squared characterizes a \"bright\" one of these phenomena that can form in a Bose-Einstein condensate.","By a namesake resolution conjecture, solutions to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation can be split into a linear part and a part named for these phenomena.","The inverse scattering transform is used to establish the existence of these phenomena, which are solutions to PDEs like the Sine-Gordon and Korteweg-de Vries equations.","These phenomena were first observed by John Scott Russell in a canal.","For 10 points, name these shape-maintaining waves, also called solitary waves."]}

tossups/03/67777580115778212c716d03.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0fa110a42d5e8ff712095733b486fdb0b4c867ee88a06b615c8beabe10e56602
+size 115809

tossups/04/67777580115778212c716d04.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,11.52],[11.64,15.28],[15.4,22.28],[22.4,27.36],[27.48,31.36],[31.48,34.08],[34.2,39.52]],"texts":["Speech bubbles emerge from an enthroned bundle that represents this deity in a drawing from the \"Tale of Migration\" of his people.","A disc representing the body of this deity's sister was placed directly beneath the red-painted steps leading to his temple.","This deity was conceived when his mother picked up litter while sweeping her shrine.","While still within the womb, this deity was warned of an attack, causing him to leap out fully armed to defend his mother from the Four Hundred Southerners.","This deity wields a \"turquoise serpent\" which is the spirit form of the fire god Xiuhcoatl.","This god decapitated his sister Coyolxauhqui, whose head became the moon.","This son of Coatlicue was born from a ball of feathers.","For 10 points, name this patron god of Tenochtitlan, who is represented as a hummingbird."]}

tossups/04/67777580115778212c716d04.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:f8a971ecd711a32a9b61489025aecf9b7c90702e9a8ce7e6ed20012adba25f69
+size 119771

tossups/05/67777580115778212c716d05.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,11.56],[11.68,17.52],[17.64,21.64],[21.76,26.76],[26.88,35.72],[35.84,37.92]],"texts":["In this city, Leigh-Ann Bedal excavated a large swimming pool and a 16-meter waterfall that formed part of a garden complex.","Local nomads trying to find the \"pharaoh's treasure\" have been blamed for the bullet holes found on an urn in this city.","Water canals were built between this city and the nearby Wadi Musa, where Moses supposedly struck water from a rock.","Before Bostra, this city was the capital of the Roman province of Arabia.","Whilst searching for the Tomb of Aaron, the Swiss explorer Johann Burckhardt rediscovered this city.","The Siq passage was used to access this city, where Aretas IV built the Al-Khazneh \"treasury.\" For 10 points, name this Nabataean \"rose city\" carved out of red sandstone,","which is located in modern-day Jordan."]}

tossups/05/67777580115778212c716d05.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6c8e71181dba851ce39ac83f368a86d4ab7985303500de143a74dc40c729d20e
+size 115037

tossups/06/67777580115778212c716d06.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.76],[6.88,12.08],[12.2,18.72],[18.84,24.28],[24.4,31.52],[31.64,38.4]],"texts":["A novelist born in this country wrote a \"Comedy of Gestures\" consisting of interconnected stories about patrons of the \"Cafe of the Crazy\";","that novel gained a cult following after being reprinted in 1988 by Dalkey Archive Press.","The protagonist of another novel from this country eats himself to death after being deserted by Eugenia, defying the will of the novel's author.","In another novel from this country, an unscrupulous Duke and Duchess make a peasant the governor of an island for ten days.","An invective against an unauthorized sequel begins Part II of that novel from this country, whose protagonist goes mad from reading too many books of chivalry.","For 10 points, name this home country of metafictional authors like Felipe Alfau, Miguel de Unamuno, and Miguel de Cervantes."]}

tossups/06/67777580115778212c716d06.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:de48d1fb73201a64440b4abe73f6d17ebaf1618347e4bc5b1eab4e936ac8104a
+size 117267

tossups/07/67777580115778212c716d07.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.76],[9.88,16.64],[16.76,25.12],[25.24,35.08],[35.2,42.72]],"texts":["This is the second title concept of a book that introduced the notation \"uppercase K, subscript a, lowercase p\" to mean \"a knows that p.\" That 1962 work,","the first book-length presentation of epistemic modal logic, pairs this concept with \"Knowledge\" and is by Jaakko Hintikka.","This is the last title word of a paper in which a man assents to the phrase \"London is pretty\" but not to its French translation, \"Londres est jolie\".","That Saul Kripke paper is titled \"A Puzzle about this concept.\" This is the last of three words in a definition challenged by a case in which Smith thinks that a man with ten coins in his pocket will get a job.","For 10 points, Gettier problems challenge the idea that knowledge is the \"justified, true\" form of what concept, the attitude of thinking something to be true?"]}

tossups/07/67777580115778212c716d07.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:dd21cfa4a3e18cafbaa86f2aefca0a799edb2bbaef37b16dc091925ae854b50a
+size 129958

tossups/08/67777580115778212c716d08.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,12.2],[12.32,20.12],[20.24,26.32],[26.44,32.44],[32.56,39.32]],"texts":["In a return to tradition, holders of this position stopped being posthumously cremated after the practice was criticized by a fishmonger.","A holder of this position was thanked by the papal diplomat Pierre-Marie Osouf for not persecuting Catholic missionaries.","In autumn, five-colored cloth and the first crops harvested by this person are presented to a shrine whose priest is typically a female relative of this person.","The holder of this position ceremonially consumes rice wine while leading the thanksgiving festival of Niiname-sai.","A holder of this position used the unusual noun akitsumikami when forced to deny his status as a living god.","For 10 points, name this East Asian imperial title held by the keeper of the Three Sacred Treasures who sits upon the Chrysanthemum Throne."]}

tossups/08/67777580115778212c716d08.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0ba1c0a53f589106a137225b310f20a63c81351313fa92480c48b94246147f18
+size 120194

tossups/84/67777553115778212c716c84.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.08],[8.2,16.72],[16.84,24.24],[24.36,28.36],[28.48,34.0],[34.12,40.0]],"texts":["During a riot in this city, participants smashed 5,000 lampposts in protest of a new street lighting system instituted by Leopoldo de Gregorio.","Two men in long capes crossed a plaza in this city named for Anton Martin to protest rising coal and bread prices in the Esquilache Riots, which led to the expulsion of its Jesuits.","A 1670 treaty named for this city, alternatively known as the Godolphin Treaty, concluded a war with Oliver Cromwell in which England conquered Jamaica.","Civil servants were appointed directly from this city via the Nueva Planta decrees.","This city's Royal Palace was constructed under the reign of Philip V, who died at the nearby El Escorial.","The Siglo de Oro included the construction of Baroque buildings in, for 10 points, what capital city of Spain?"]}

tossups/84/67777553115778212c716c84.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:c1e53b570c1067c5f14ccc8076390d4596d35d7d5f0ad91b7daee9edc25f4a9a
+size 122677

tossups/85/67777553115778212c716c85.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.8],[8.92,18.84],[18.96,24.96],[25.08,31.32],[31.44,36.28],[36.4,40.8]],"texts":["This poet imagined a ball attended by fictional characters like Faust, Dorian Gray, and Thomas Glahn, who are joined by a \"Guest from the Future\" representing Isaiah Berlin.","This poet wrote, \"Today I have so much to do: I must kill memory once and for all\" in \"The Sentence,\" which appears in a cycle alongside a poem centered on the Virgin Mary,","\"Crucifixion.\" A poem by this author opens in the Fountain House, where the speaker asserts, \"I have lit my candles,","one by one.\" The prose poem \"Instead of a Preface\" opens a cycle by this poet about the imprisonment of Lev Gumilev.","That cycle by this poet memorializes the suffering of her husband and son under Stalin's terror.","For 10 points, name this Russian woman who wrote Poem Without a Hero and Requiem."]}

tossups/85/67777553115778212c716c85.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6bcaa8ad4b5ff89410bffc0be871ab12232b33ea6afb68fd15455b4e480166e2
+size 124270

tossups/86/67777553115778212c716c86.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.76],[4.88,10.0],[10.12,13.64],[13.76,18.44],[18.56,24.8],[24.92,31.12],[31.24,37.68],[37.8,41.68]],"texts":["Several studies on these organisms were conducted at the University of Cape Town by Jennifer Jarvis.","In anoxic conditions, these organisms metabolize fructose in a rewired glycolysis pathway.","These organisms have a rare \"dispersive\" morph that promotes outbreeding.","These animals are insensitive to capsaicin because they lack substance P in their skin.","These animals' expression of high-molecular-mass hyaluronan may mediate their longevity and cancer resistance.","Along with the closely related Fukomys damarensis, colonies of these vertebrates have a continuum of workers and a single reproducing female.","Found in Kenya and Somalia, these eusocial and cold-blooded mammals live in underground colonies of 70-80 members.","For 10 points, identify these unusual rodents named for their lack of hair."]}

tossups/86/67777553115778212c716c86.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6e54a808e658f48fa75b45ac84b679115f3eda78bfa38f9efc4c15e083bc0179
+size 126208

tossups/87/67777553115778212c716c87.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.08],[7.2,9.24],[9.36,15.64],[15.76,25.4],[25.52,27.6],[27.72,32.68],[32.8,41.52],[41.64,45.92]],"texts":["This man wrote the majority opinion in a case concerning the validity of a court in Florida that prevented judges from having life tenure, American Insurance Co. v.","356 Bales of Cotton.","In support of a case whose majority opinion was by this justice, the president wrote that \"the earth belongs to the dead,","but not the living.\" This justice oversaw a case in which one side lowered the water level of a city's harbor to render a wharf as having \"little or no value.\" This man,","who served as chief justice for Barron v.","Baltimore, wrote that states cannot alter private contracts in a case concerning Dartmouth College.","This chief justice rendered unconstitutional a section of the Judiciary Act in a case concerning the appointment of \"Midnight Judges.\" For 10 points,","name this chief justice who established judicial review in Marbury v. Madison."]}

tossups/87/67777553115778212c716c87.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:b93693bc257969afd7e3245a425893a9c8dbcff26b8df5b8fa49873f22ad722a
+size 139186

tossups/88/67777553115778212c716c88.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.04],[7.16,14.68],[14.8,23.0],[23.12,30.44],[30.56,36.88]],"texts":["In an epic told by these people, a three-year-old superchild raised on Big Black Mountain saves the utopian land of Bomba from the manggus.","In a revenge play written under this ethnic group, a doctor prevents a kingdom-wide massacre of newborns by offering up his own son in place of the title child.","Under the rule of this people, whose storytellers composed the Epic of Jangar, playwrights wrote dramas like Snow in Midsummer in an operatic genre known as zaju.","A \"Secret History\" recounts how a leader of these people inflicted \"death without blood\" on his blood-brother Jamukha after subduing the Naimans and Merkits.","For 10 points, name this Central Asian people, one of whose rulers is the subject of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's \"Kubla Khan.\""]}

tossups/88/67777553115778212c716c88.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:cf39bac42ce81034e77cd41f8d6e9b00ed333cb94f2c35af91c5cf4b9d28afae
+size 112787

tossups/89/67777553115778212c716c89.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.52],[4.64,13.52],[13.64,18.28],[18.4,24.36],[24.48,29.52],[29.64,33.72],[33.84,39.8]],"texts":["This country's religious independence was established by the papal bull Cum universi.","A theologian from this country remarked that just as the Israelites loathed the manna which they ate every day, so did people from this country read scripture and then turn to profane authors.","In this country, Samuel Seabury received his consecration from three non-juring bishops.","This county, the home of a breakaway \"Wee Free\" church, refused the Book of Common Prayer in the lead-up to the Bishops' War.","A treatise criticizing a \"monstrous regiment of women\" was written by John Knox, a theologian from this country.","A blue flag with a diagonal cross representing Saint Andrew is a symbol of this country.","For 10 points, name this country whose Presbyterian church is independent from its sovereign, King Charles III."]}

tossups/89/67777553115778212c716c89.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:b9777e1b6d94d0afaf3ade91f08677c954d92b48beaf82dca53e7535e1676f4e
+size 121336

tossups/8a/67777553115778212c716c8a.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,16.28],[16.4,21.04],[21.16,37.44],[37.56,40.2]],"texts":["In one book, after returning to Watertown to find the log schoolhouse gone, this thinker states, \"In its place stood Progress; and Progress, I understand,","is necessarily ugly.\" At the behest of Thomas Junius Calloway, this thinker produced infographic \"data portraits\" for an exhibit at the 1900 Paris World's Fair.","In a 1929 debate, this thinker humiliated the eugenicist Lothrop Stoddard.","He contemplates the question \"How does it feel to be a problem?\" in the essay \"Of Our Spiritual Strivings,\" which appears in a book that declares the problem of the 20th century to be \"the problem of the color line.\" That book describes the title group's sense of \"two-ness\" as \"double consciousness.\" For 10 points,","name this author of The Souls of Black Folk."]}

tossups/8a/67777553115778212c716c8a.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a0d2d770f89e4a3d577f8b7d74dca3199484692148a7530e24405fe1b0dbe9a6
+size 121766

tossups/8b/67777553115778212c716c8b.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,12.2],[12.32,23.96],[24.08,27.64],[27.76,34.92]],"texts":["Lady Sale described taking a grand piano to this city in her Journal of the Disasters, which also describes her being shot whilst leaving this city.","William Dalrymple's Return of a King details a campaign to take this city that was led by Lord Auckland.","William Brydon was among those involved in a campaign to take this city that involved George Pollock's \"Army of Retribution.\" The Barakzai dynasty ruled from this city before the British tried to place Shuja Shah Durrani on Dost Muhammad's throne.","William Elphinstone led a disastrous retreat from this city to Jalalabad.","Sher Ali Khan left this modern capital city after pressure from Russia and Britain during the \"Great Game.\" For 10 points, name this capital of Afghanistan."]}

tossups/8b/67777553115778212c716c8b.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:2b163cf05bb2988aa453fc5ab97d7ae285981a7b0c7c01898939bf8afde4045d
+size 106827

tossups/8c/67777553115778212c716c8c.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.04],[9.16,18.64],[18.76,24.12],[24.24,33.8],[33.92,38.32]],"texts":["This thinker claimed that \"catharsis\" can be redefined as the passage from \"objective to subjective\" and from \"necessity to freedom.\" A work by this thinker contains the unexplained statement,","\"The aspect of the modern crisis which is bemoaned as a 'wave of materialism' is related to what is called the 'crisis of authority.'\" This thinker coined terms for two contrasting political strategies:","a frontal attack on the state, exemplified by Rosa Luxemburg, or a slow replacement of social institutions,","respectively called the \"war of maneuver\" and \"war of position.\" A work by him that includes the section \"The Philosophy of Praxis\" describes the values of the ruling class becoming a society's norm,","called \"cultural hegemony.\" For 10 points, what Italian Marxist wrote the Prison Notebooks?"]}

tossups/8c/67777553115778212c716c8c.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d6f11a925d0e6411e9afbcea80f24768d873eb3c2c7902d56cc5e624ac254323
+size 117179

tossups/8d/67777553115778212c716c8d.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,14.08],[14.2,18.44],[18.56,25.24],[25.36,30.24],[30.36,35.96],[36.08,41.52]],"texts":["A 1955 paper by Bondi and Gold resolved a paradox for when this system undergoes hyperbolic motion.","The field emitted by one of these systems is proportional to the sum of \"velocity field\" and \"acceleration field\" terms, the latter of which is a triple cross product.","At low speeds, this system radiates power proportional to acceleration squared.","This is the simplest system that is added across a boundary to solve Poisson's (\"pwah-SAHN's\" equation in the method of images.","This system represents the zeroth-order term in the multipole potential expansion.","In a standard application of Gauss's law, a conducting sphere is equivalent to one of these systems at its center.","For 10 points, name this zero-volume system whose electric field follows an inverse square relation."]}

tossups/8d/67777553115778212c716c8d.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a6afe2bc6a6e66e7bef524ab87503ec7ab942545818a724b6c89ccfaf664e3e8
+size 126525

tossups/8e/67777553115778212c716c8e.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.24],[5.36,9.64],[9.76,15.4],[15.52,22.64],[22.76,27.48],[27.6,32.8],[32.92,38.76],[38.88,42.2]],"texts":["For their role in a terrorist attack in this city, Abu Salem and Moustafa Dossa were found guilty by a TADA court.","That terrorist attack in this city was partly organized by the brothers Yakub and Tiger.","Mastan Mirza and Karim Lala were two mob bosses who controlled smuggling in this port city in the 1970s.","In 1993, Dawood Ibrahim's D-Company carried out a set of bombings in this city after the destruction of Ayodhya's Babri Masjid.","Pressure cooker bombs exploded on trains leaving this city's Churchgate station in a 2006 attack.","This city's former Victoria Terminus was among the targets of 2008 attacks by Lashkar-e-Taiba.","Bal Thackery founded the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena in this city, prompting a 1990s change of name.","For 10 points, name this home of the Bollywood film industry."]}

tossups/8e/67777553115778212c716c8e.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:1991a48e9acc37b706ca9d7f6953ed5f250696c43ff9de0d977c0d7652a27ced
+size 128424

tossups/8f/67777553115778212c716c8f.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,14.36],[14.48,20.92],[21.04,26.04],[26.16,30.8],[30.92,39.8],[39.92,43.2]],"texts":["This artist was known as the \"handsome miller\" during his time working a windmill, according to his friend C. R. Leslie's biography.","This artist exclaimed, \"He has been here and fired a gun,\" when a rival upstaged him on varnishing day with the impromptu addition of a dash of red.","The central feature of one of this artist's paintings was covered by a highway in a 2022 reimagining by Just Stop Oil.","This amateur meteorologist painted quick sketchings of the sky in his \"skying\" sessions.","The first of this artist's \"six footers\" shows the title white horse in a boat.","This artist's The Leaping Horse depicts the River Stour, which he showed in another painting that features Willy Lott's cottage behind three horses pulling the title agricultural vehicle.","For 10 points, name this British artist of The Hay Wain."]}

tossups/8f/67777553115778212c716c8f.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:404df65e1f9df9110195691c3fadda1cdf9ebaeb08fe2ad05d3eb3a828759920
+size 131471

tossups/90/67777553115778212c716c90.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.28],[4.4,8.92],[9.04,15.8],[15.92,22.2],[22.32,28.8],[28.92,32.48],[32.6,38.04],[38.16,43.44]],"texts":["It's not related to typing, but this process may be facilitated using tag bits.","A popular library for this process was created by Demers, Weiser, and Boehm.","One algorithm for performing this process copies objects from \"from-space\" to \"to-space,\" and is called Cheney's algorithm.","Objects are categorized into white, gray and black categories in the tricolor \"mark and sweep\" algorithm for this process.","By using escape analysis to convert heap allocations to stack allocations, a compiler can decrease the need for this process.","Protection from this process differentiates strong and weak references.","This process helps prevent double-free bugs, some forms of memory leaks, and dangling pointers.","For 10 points, name this process which automatically frees up memory occupied by unused objects."]}

tossups/90/67777553115778212c716c90.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0fe2d2b90a7a9601db8b3568f6f4220c294007b5652f074316f704d9839ba3f1
+size 131585

tossups/91/67777553115778212c716c91.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.96],[10.08,13.72],[13.84,19.24],[19.36,25.8],[25.92,34.32],[34.44,38.72]],"texts":["A drunk collector for the Weekly News tells Doctor Magoon to perform this action before leaving their room at the end of the poem \"A Hundred Collars.\" As the speaker of a poem is about to perform this non-title action,","he recalls taking a sheet of ice from a drinking trough and dropping it on the ground.","A poem states that the \"essence of winter this action is on the night\" before describing \"the scent of\" fruit.","The last lines of the poem \"After Apple-Picking\" wonder if \"The woodchuck could say whether it's like his this action...","Or just some human this action.\" A speaker twice references this action after saying \"The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep.\" For 10 points,","name this action that a Robert Frost speaker has \"miles to go before\" performing."]}

tossups/91/67777553115778212c716c91.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0b819c38609071313e385ca05c6006c0034d31d506c849174a623d60960a82ad
+size 117924

tossups/92/67777553115778212c716c92.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,11.28],[11.4,16.4],[16.52,23.4],[23.52,32.08],[32.2,35.4],[35.52,40.0]],"texts":["A ruler with this name conceives a worthy successor only after enlisting the father of Dronacharya to perform a marut-stoma sacrifice.","As a boy, that ruler with this name would pry open the mouths of lion cubs to count their teeth.","In Jain tradition, Bahubali renounced the world after winning three contests against a brother with this name.","A man with this name placed a pair of sandals on the throne of Ayodhya after his mother Kaikeyi demanded that his half-brother Rama be exiled.","Another man of this name was the son of Dushyanta and Sakuntala and became a chakravarti, or world-conqueror, as described in the Adi Parva of a text named after him.","A variant of this name provides a traditional Hindu term for India.","For 10 points, give this name which is prefixed by \"Maha\" in the title of a Hindu epic."]}

tossups/92/67777553115778212c716c92.opus

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:62646f4c74eff00814495a63bc2f5a195d9a5b7633fca26afb4ea30ba51cabf3
+size 121961