scripts/astronomy_classifier.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Astronomy scope gate and 14-category / subcategory classifier for UnsolvedAstronomy v1.0.0."""
import re

NON_ASTRONOMY_BLACKLIST = re.compile(
    r"\b(patients?|clinical|disease|diseases|therapy|therapeutic|cancer|tumor|tumour|carcinoma|oncology|"
    r"hospital|surgery|surgical|pharmacol\w*|drug|drugs|vaccine\w*|antibod\w*|antigen\w*|immune|immunol\w*|"
    r"infection|infectious|pathogen\w*|viral|virus|covid|sars-cov-2|hiv|influenza|malaria|"
    r"diabetes|diabetic|insulin|obesity|cardiovascular|coronary|myocardial|stroke|hypertension|"
    r"alzheimer\w*|parkinson\w*|dementia|epilepsy|seizure|psychiatric|psycholog\w*|depression|anxiety|"
    r"schizophrenia|autism|bipolar|mental health|cogniti\w*|behavioral|behavioural|neurolog\w*|"
    r"brain|cortex|cortical|hippocamp\w*|synap\w*|neuron\w*|neural circuit\w*|fMRI|EEG|"
    r"mrna|rna-seq|crispr|dna methylation|transcription factor\w*|ribosom\w*|mitochondri\w*|"
    r"cell line\w*|stem cell\w*|t-cell\w*|b-cell\w*|macrophage\w*|cytokine\w*|inflammation|inflammatory|"
    r"apoptosis|autophagy|metastasis|angiogenesis|fibrosis|biopsy|prognos\w*|diagnos\w*|"
    r"epidemiol\w*|cohort|randomized controlled|placebo|mortality|morbidity|prevalence|incidence|"
    r"public health|healthcare|nursing|pediatric\w*|geriatric\w*|obstetric\w*|pregnancy|fetal|neonatal|"
    r"gut microbiota|microbiome|plant growth|crop yield|soil fertility|forestry|"
    r"veterinary|livestock|poultry|fishery|aquaculture|sociolog\w*|econometric\w*|financial market\w*|"
    r"rat|rats|mice|mouse|murine|drosophila|zebrafish|caenorhabditis|arabidopsis|in vivo|in vitro|"
    r"tokamak\w*|stellarator\w*|iter|divertor|hohlraum|z-pinch|cuprate\w*|pnictide\w*|perovskite\w*|"
    r"twisted bilayer|moir[eé]|quantum hall|weyl semimetal\w*|topological insulator\w*|"
    r"lithium-ion batter\w*|electrocataly\w*|photocataly\w*|fuel cell\w*|cement|concrete|asphalt|"
    r"el nino|la nina|madden-julian|indian summer monsoon|atlantic meridional overturning|"
    r"subduction zone|plate tectonic\w*|earthquake fault|landslide\w*|river basin|groundwater|aquifer|"
    r"microplastic\w*|wastewater|stormwater|bioretention|sewage|soil\s+microb\w*|rhizosphere|phyllosphere|"
    r"sichuan|peppercorn\w*|colon\b|epithelial|municipal\s+solid\s+waste|incineration|river\s+plume\w*|"
    r"freshwater|christian\s+doctrine|theolog\w*|biblical|federated\s+learning|perceptual\s+grouping|"
    r"motion\s+systems|psychophysic\w*|milky\s+way\s+scientific\s+journal|bottlebrush\s+polymer|saponin|"
    r"quorum\s+sensing|phenanthrene\s+degradation|benzo\[a\]pyrene-induced|antifreeze\s+protein\w*|"
    r"stormwater|tetracycline\s+adsorption|municipal\s+solid\s+waste|coastal\s+systems\s+through\s+dom)\b",
    re.I,
)

ASTRO_JOURNAL_VENUE_RE = re.compile(
    r"(?:astro-ph|astrophys\w*\s+j|apj|apjl|apjs|astronom\w*\s+j|\baj\b|mnras|monthly\s+notices.*royal\s+astronom|"
    r"a&a|astron\w*\s+(?:and|&)\s+astrophys|icarus|pasp|pasj|nature\s+astronom|jcap|"
    r"journal\s+of\s+cosmology\s+and\s+astroparticle|solar\s+phys|space\s+sci\w*\s+rev|astrobiolog|"
    r"planetary\s+science\s+j|meteoritics|publications\s+of\s+the\s+astronomical|baas|bulletin\s+of\s+the\s+aas|"
    r"front\w*\s+astron\w*\s+space\s+sci|new\s+astronom|experimental\s+astronom|celestial\s+mechanics|"
    r"earth\s+moon\s+and\s+planets|living\s+reviews\s+in\s+solar\s+physics|annual\s+review\s+of\s+astronomy)",
    re.I,
)

ASTRONOMY_REQUIRED = re.compile(
    r"\b(astronom\w*|astrophys\w*|cosmolog\w*|cosmog\w*|galax\w*|galact\w+|extragalact\w+|quasar\w*|blazar\w*|agn|seyfert\w*|"
    r"black hole\w*|supermassive|intermediate-mass|stellar-mass|primordial black hole\w*|pbh\w*|"
    r"kerr|schwarzschild|binary black hole\w*|binary neutron star\w*|bns\b|bbh\b|"
    r"neutron star\w*|pulsar\w*|magnetar\w*|white dwarf\w*|supernov\w*|kilonov\w*|hypernov\w*|novae\b|"
    r"gamma-ray burst\w*|grb\w*|fast radio burst\w*|frb\w*|tidal disruption|tde\w*|x-ray binar\w*|microquasar\w*|ulx\b|"
    r"accretion\s+disk\w*|accretion\s+disc\w*|relativistic\s+jet\w*|pulsar\s+wind|supernova\s+remnant\w*|"
    r"cosmic microwave background|cmb|baryon acoustic|bao\b|reionization|cosmic dawn|eor\b|"
    r"hubble\s+constant|hubble\s+tension|hubble\s+expansion|s8\s+tension|sigma_?8|dark\s+energy|dark\s+matter|lcdm|lambda-?cdm|flrw|"
    r"warm dark matter|fuzzy dark matter|self-interacting dark matter|cosmic web|intergalactic|igm\b|"
    r"circumgalactic|cgm\b|intracluster|icm\b|lyman-alpha|lya\s+forest|21-?cm|sunyaev-zeldovich|"
    r"protocluster\w*|cosmic void\w*|gravitational lens\w*|weak lensing|strong lensing|microlensing|"
    r"milky way|local group|magellanic|dwarf spheroidal|ultra-faint dwarf\w*|stellar stream\w*|"
    r"sgr a\*|fermi bubble\w*|interstellar|ism\b|molecular cloud\w*|prestellar|protostar\w*|protostellar|star-forming|"
    r"star formation|initial mass function|imf\b|h\s*ii\s+region\w*|photodissociation|pdr\b|"
    r"diffuse interstellar band\w*|astrochem\w*|circumstellar|protoplanetary|debris\s+disk\w*|debris\s+disc\w*|planetesimal\w*|pebble accretion|snowline\w*|"
    r"exoplanet\w*|extrasolar planet\w*|hot jupiter\w*|warm jupiter\w*|sub-neptune\w*|super-earth\w*|planet\w*\s+formation|planetary\s+system\w*|"
    r"habitable\w*|habitability|transiting\s+planet\w*|radial\s+velocity|planetary\s+atmosphere\w*|biosignature\w*|ocean\s+world\w*|subsurface\s+ocean\w*|"
    r"technosignature\w*|seti\b|astrobiolog\w*|abiogenesis|prebiotic\w*|homochiral\w*|extraterrestrial\s+life|extraterrestrial\s+intelligence|"
    r"solar system|kuiper belt|oort cloud|trans-neptunian|tno\w*|near-earth\s+object\w*|asteroid\w*|comet\w*|meteorit\w*|chondrit\w*|"
    r"achondrit\w*|calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion\w*|lunar|moon\b|mercury|venus\w*|martian|mars\b|jupiter|jovian|saturn\w*|uranus|neptun\w*|"
    r"pluto|europa|enceladus|titan\b|ganymede|callisto|io\b|triton\b|ceres|vesta|bennu|ryugu|oumuamua|borisov|"
    r"solar corona\w*|coronal\s+heating|solar\s+wind|solar\s+flare\w*|coronal\s+mass\s+ejection\w*|cme\w*|sunspot\w*|solar\s+cycle|solar\s+dynamo|"
    r"helioseism\w*|heliospher\w*|parker solar probe|solar orbiter|stellar\s+flare\w*|superflare\w*|stellar\s+wind\w*|astrospher\w*|"
    r"stellar\s+evolution|stellar\s+interior\w*|stellar\s+population\w*|main-sequence|red\s+giant\w*|red\s+supergiant\w*|asymptotic\s+giant\s+branch|agb\s+star\w*|"
    r"wolf-rayet|luminous blue variable\w*|cepheid\w*|rr lyrae|asteroseism\w*|globular cluster\w*|open cluster\w*|"
    r"population iii|metal-poor\s+star\w*|brown\s+dwarf\w*|t\s+tauri|herbig|"
    r"cosmic\s+ray\w*|cosmic-ray\w*|uhecr\w*|pevatron\w*|astrophysical\s+neutrino\w*|gravitational\s+wave\w*|gravitational-wave\w*|"
    r"early\s+universe|cosmic\s+inflation|inflationary\s+universe|collisionless\s+shock\w*|coronal\s+loop\w*|chromospher\w*|photospher\w*|magnetospher\w*|"
    r"icecube|pierre auger|lhaaso|hawc|cherenkov|hess\b|magic\b|veritas\b|jwst|james webb|alma\b|gaia\b|euclid\b|planck\b|chandra\b|xmm-newton|fermi-lat|nicer\b|ligo\b|virgo\b|kagra\b|lisa\b|ska\b|lofar\b|meerkat\b|kepler\b|tess\b|desi\b|sdss\b)\b",
    re.I,
)

# 14 Category regex patterns + subcategory rules
CAT_RULES = {
    1: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(cosmic inflation|inflationary|primordial non-gaussianity|f_nl|tensor-to-scalar|primordial gravitational wave|"
            r"cosmic microwave background|cmb|spectral distortion|silk damping|b-mode polarization|e-mode|"
            r"big bang nucleosynthesis|bbn|primordial lithium|primordial deuterium|primordial helium|recombination|"
            r"epoch of reionization|cosmic dawn|21-?cm global|21-?cm power spectrum|ionizing photon escape|"
            r"hubble tension|hubble constant|h_0 tension|sound horizon|early dark energy|baryon acoustic oscillation)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("inflation_and_primordial_initial_conditions", re.compile(r"\b(inflation\w*|primordial fluctuation\w*|non-gaussianity|f_nl|tensor-to-scalar|isocurvature|slow-roll|reheating)\b", re.I)),
            ("cmb_anisotropies_polarization_and_spectral_distortions", re.compile(r"\b(cosmic microwave background|cmb|b-mode|e-mode|spectral distortion\w*|sunyaev|planck|bicep|act|spt)\b", re.I)),
            ("baryogenesis_nucleosynthesis_and_recombination", re.compile(r"\b(nucleosynthesis|bbn|lithium problem|deuterium|baryogenesis|leptogenesis|recombination|neutrino decoupling)\b", re.I)),
            ("reionization_and_cosmic_dawn", re.compile(r"\b(reionization|cosmic dawn|21-?cm|ionized bubble\w*|lyman-continuum|escape fraction)\b", re.I)),
            ("cosmological_tensions_and_parameter_inference", re.compile(r"\b(hubble tension|hubble constant|h0|sound horizon|distance ladder|bao|cosmological parameter)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "cosmological_tensions_and_parameter_inference",
    },
    2: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(dark matter halo\w*|cold dark matter|warm dark matter|fuzzy dark matter|ultralight dark matter|"
            r"self-interacting dark matter|sidm|subhalo\w*|axion dark matter|wimp\w*|sterile neutrino dark matter|"
            r"dark energy|cosmological constant|quintessence|equation of state w|dynamical dark energy|phantom dark energy|"
            r"modified gravity|f\(r\) gravity|scalar-tensor|horndeski|dvali-gabadadze-porrati|mond|gravitational slip|"
            r"primordial black hole\w*|pbh\w*|macrolensing|microlensing dark matter|cosmic string\w*)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("primordial_black_holes_and_exotic_relics", re.compile(r"\b(primordial black hole\w*|pbh\w*|cosmic string\w*|domain wall\w*|topological defect\w*|macrolensing)\b", re.I)),
            ("modified_gravity_and_gravitational_tests", re.compile(r"\b(modified gravity|f\(r\)|scalar-tensor|horndeski|mond|gravitational slip|screening mechanism|fifth force|brans-dicke)\b", re.I)),
            ("dark_energy_and_cosmic_acceleration", re.compile(r"\b(dark energy|cosmological constant|quintessence|cosmic acceleration|equation of state|w_0|w_a)\b", re.I)),
            ("dark_matter_astrophysical_signatures", re.compile(r"\b(dark matter|subhalo\w*|sidm|fuzzy dark|warm dark|axion\w*|wimp\w*)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "dark_matter_astrophysical_signatures",
    },
    3: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(large-scale structure|cosmic web|cosmic filament\w*|cosmic void\w*|void galaxy|matter power spectrum|"
            r"weak gravitational lensing|cosmic shear|s_?8 tension|sigma_?8|intrinsic alignment\w*|"
            r"intergalactic medium|igm|lyman-alpha forest|lya forest|damped lyman-alpha|dla|warm-hot intergalactic|whim|missing baryon\w*|"
            r"circumgalactic medium|cgm|multiphase halo|o vi absorption|mg ii absorber\w*|"
            r"galaxy cluster\w*|intracluster medium|icm|sunyaev-zeldovich|cool-core cluster\w*|radio halo\w*|radio relic\w*|hydrostatic mass bias|"
            r"intergalactic magnetic field\w*|cosmic magnetism|faraday rotation)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("intergalactic_medium_and_lya_forest", re.compile(r"\b(intergalactic medium|igm|lyman-alpha forest|lya forest|damped lyman|whim|missing baryon\w*|he ii reionization)\b", re.I)),
            ("circumgalactic_medium_and_baryon_cycle", re.compile(r"\b(circumgalactic|cgm|baryon cycle|halo gas|mg ii|o vi|high-velocity cloud)\b", re.I)),
            ("galaxy_clusters_intracluster_medium_and_sz", re.compile(r"\b(galaxy cluster\w*|intracluster|icm|sunyaev-zeldovich|cool-core|radio halo\w*|radio relic\w*|hydrostatic mass)\b", re.I)),
            ("cosmic_magnetic_fields_and_large_scale_fields", re.compile(r"\b(intergalactic magnetic|cosmic magnetic|faraday rotation|primordial magnetic)\b", re.I)),
            ("cosmic_web_filaments_sheets_and_voids", re.compile(r"\b(cosmic web|cosmic void\w*|filament\w*|weak lensing|cosmic shear|s8|sigma8|large-scale structure)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "cosmic_web_filaments_sheets_and_voids",
    },
    4: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(high-redshift galax\w*|first galax\w*|little red dot\w*|lyman-break galax\w*|submillimeter galax\w*|ulirg\w*|"
            r"supermassive black hole\w*|smbh\w*|black hole seed\w*|direct collapse black hole\w*|m-sigma relation|"
            r"active galactic nucle\w*|agn|quasar\w*|seyfert\w*|blazar\w*|ultrafast outflow\w*|agn feedback|radio galaxy|"
            r"galaxy quenching|star-forming main sequence|green valley|passive galax\w*|quiescent galax\w*|"
            r"galaxy merger\w*|interacting galax\w*|jellyfish galax\w*|ram-pressure stripping|"
            r"tully-fisher|radial acceleration relation|galaxy rotation curve\w*|elliptical galax\w*|spiral galax\w*|lenticular)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("high_redshift_galaxy_formation_and_first_galaxies", re.compile(r"\b(high-redshift galax\w*|first galax\w*|z\s*[>=]\s*[5-9]|z\s*[>=]\s*1\d|little red dot\w*|lyman-break)\b", re.I)),
            ("supermassive_black_hole_seeds_and_growth", re.compile(r"\b(black hole seed\w*|direct collapse|supermassive black hole\w*|smbh\w*|m-sigma|coevolution)\b", re.I)),
            ("agn_physics_winds_and_jets", re.compile(r"\b(active galactic|agn|quasar\w*|seyfert\w*|blazar\w*|ultrafast outflow\w*|broad-line region|torus)\b", re.I)),
            ("quenching_star_formation_and_baryonic_feedback", re.compile(r"\b(quenching|quiescent galax\w*|passive galax\w*|star-forming main sequence|baryonic feedback|galactic wind\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("galaxy_mergers_and_environmental_processing", re.compile(r"\b(galaxy merger\w*|ram-pressure|jellyfish|environmental quenching|tidal tail\w*|final parsec)\b", re.I)),
            ("galaxy_dynamics_scaling_relations_and_morphology", re.compile(r"\b(tully-fisher|radial acceleration|rotation curve\w*|fundamental plane|morphology|spiral arm\w*|bar\w*)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "galaxy_dynamics_scaling_relations_and_morphology",
    },
    5: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(milky way|galactic disk|thin disk|thick disk|galactic bar|galactic bulge|galactic halo|gaia phase|"
            r"galactic archaeology|chemical tagging|alpha-bimodality|gaia-sausage|enceladus|r-process halo|metal-poor halo|"
            r"local group|magellanic cloud\w*|lmc|smc|andromeda|m31|dwarf spheroidal\w*|ultra-faint dwarf\w*|core-cusp|"
            r"missing satellite\w*|too-big-to-fail|plane of satellites|near-field cosmology|"
            r"stellar stream\w*|gd-1|palomar 5|sagittarius stream|tidal stream\w*|"
            r"galactic center|sgr a\*|central molecular zone|fermi bubble\w*|erosita bubble\w*|nuclear star cluster)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("galactic_center_and_fermi_erosita_bubbles", re.compile(r"\b(galactic center|sgr a\*|central molecular zone|fermi bubble\w*|erosita bubble\w*|nuclear star cluster)\b", re.I)),
            ("stellar_streams_halo_substructure_and_accretion_history", re.compile(r"\b(stellar stream\w*|tidal stream\w*|gd-1|palomar 5|sagittarius stream|halo substructure)\b", re.I)),
            ("local_group_dwarfs_and_near_field_cosmology", re.compile(r"\b(local group|dwarf spheroidal\w*|ultra-faint dwarf\w*|magellanic|core-cusp|missing satellite\w*|too-big-to-fail|plane of satellites|near-field)\b", re.I)),
            ("galactic_archaeology_and_chemical_evolution", re.compile(r"\b(galactic archaeology|chemical evolution|alpha-bimodality|metal-poor|gaia-sausage|chemical tagging)\b", re.I)),
            ("milky_way_structure_kinematics_and_potential", re.compile(r"\b(milky way|galactic disk|galactic bar|galactic bulge|gaia|spiral structure|warp)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "milky_way_structure_kinematics_and_potential",
    },
    6: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(interstellar medium|ism|molecular cloud\w*|giant molecular cloud\w*|prestellar core\w*|protostellar core\w*|"
            r"kennicutt-schmidt|star formation efficiency|molecular filament\w*|ambipolar diffusion|"
            r"initial mass function|imf|clustered star formation|protocluster|young stellar object\w*|yso|"
            r"massive star formation|high-mass protostar\w*|ultracompact h ii|h ii region\w*|photodissociation region\w*|"
            r"interstellar dust|dust grain\w*|polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon\w*|pah\w*|interstellar ice\w*|dust extinction|dust polarization|"
            r"astrochem\w*|complex organic molecule\w*|diffuse interstellar band\w*|dibs?|interstellar molecule\w*|deuteration)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("astrochemistry_and_complex_organic_molecules", re.compile(r"\b(astrochem\w*|complex organic molecule\w*|diffuse interstellar band\w*|dibs?|interstellar molecule\w*|deuteration|chemical network|grain-surface)\b", re.I)),
            ("interstellar_dust_pahs_and_ices", re.compile(r"\b(interstellar dust|dust grain\w*|polycyclic aromatic|pah\w*|interstellar ice\w*|silicate|carbonaceous dust|extinction curve)\b", re.I)),
            ("massive_star_formation_and_feedback", re.compile(r"\b(massive star formation|high-mass star formation|high-mass protostar\w*|h ii region\w*|competitive accretion|turbulent core)\b", re.I)),
            ("stellar_initial_mass_function_and_clustered_star_formation", re.compile(r"\b(initial mass function|imf|star cluster formation|embedded cluster\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("molecular_clouds_cores_and_star_formation_laws", re.compile(r"\b(molecular cloud\w*|prestellar core\w*|molecular filament\w*|kennicutt-schmidt|star formation efficiency|core collapse)\b", re.I)),
            ("ism_phases_turbulence_and_magnetic_fields", re.compile(r"\b(interstellar medium|ism|mhd turbulence|interstellar magnetic|warm neutral|cold neutral)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "ism_phases_turbulence_and_magnetic_fields",
    },
    7: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(stellar interior\w*|stellar evolution|stellar convection|convective overshooting|stellar rotation|meridional circulation|"
            r"massive star\w*|o-type star\w*|b-type star\w*|wolf-rayet|luminous blue variable\w*|clumped wind\w*|line-driven wind\w*|"
            r"binary star\w*|common envelope|mass transfer|roche lobe|algol|contact binar\w*|blue straggler\w*|symbiotic star\w*|"
            r"red supergiant\w*|asymptotic giant branch|agb star\w*|planetary nebula\w*|core-collapse progenitor\w*|supernova remnant\w*|"
            r"asteroseism\w*|globular cluster\w*|multiple population\w*|open cluster\w*|cepheid\w*|rr lyrae|delta scuti|beta cephei)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("binary_and_multiple_star_evolution", re.compile(r"\b(common envelope|binary evolution|mass transfer|roche lobe|contact binar\w*|blue straggler\w*|hierarchical triple)\b", re.I)),
            ("massive_stars_winds_and_mass_loss", re.compile(r"\b(wolf-rayet|luminous blue variable\w*|o-star\w*|o-type|line-driven wind\w*|wind clumping|eruptive mass loss)\b", re.I)),
            ("late_stages_supernovae_progenitors_and_remnants", re.compile(r"\b(red supergiant\w*|asymptotic giant branch|agb|planetary nebula\w*|core-collapse supernova|supernova progenitor\w*|supernova remnant\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("stellar_populations_clusters_and_asteroseismology", re.compile(r"\b(asteroseism\w*|globular cluster\w*|multiple population\w*|open cluster\w*|cepheid\w*|rr lyrae|pulsating star\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("stellar_interiors_convection_rotation_and_magnetism", re.compile(r"\b(stellar interior\w*|convective overshooting|angular momentum transport|stellar magnetic|stellar dynamo|radiative opacity)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "stellar_interiors_convection_rotation_and_magnetism",
    },
    8: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(white dwarf\w*|type ia supernova\w*|thermonuclear supernova\w*|double-degenerate|single-degenerate|nova\w*|cataclysmic variable\w*|"
            r"neutron star\w*|pulsar\w*|magnetar\w*|millisecond pulsar\w*|pulsar glitch\w*|supranuclear|dense matter equation of state|nicer|"
            r"x-ray binar\w*|ultraluminous x-ray|ulx\w*|microquasar\w*|black hole spin|fe k-?alpha|quasi-periodic oscillation\w*|qpo\w*|"
            r"accretion disk\w*|x-ray corona\w*|magnetorotational instability|mri|advection-dominated|adaf|super-eddington accretion|"
            r"relativistic jet\w*|blandford-znajek|pulsar wind nebula\w*|pwn|crab nebula)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("white_dwarfs_and_thermonuclear_transients", re.compile(r"\b(white dwarf\w*|type ia supernova\w*|thermonuclear|double-degenerate|single-degenerate|cataclysmic variable\w*|classical nova\w*|am cvn)\b", re.I)),
            ("neutron_stars_pulsars_and_magnetars", re.compile(r"\b(neutron star\w*|pulsar\w*|magnetar\w*|pulsar glitch\w*|supranuclear|equation of state|nicer)\b", re.I)),
            ("stellar_mass_black_holes_and_x_ray_binaries", re.compile(r"\b(x-ray binar\w*|ultraluminous x-ray|ulx\w*|microquasar\w*|black hole spin|stellar-mass black hole\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("relativistic_jets_and_pulsar_wind_nebulae", re.compile(r"\b(relativistic jet\w*|blandford-znajek|pulsar wind nebula\w*|pwn|sigma problem)\b", re.I)),
            ("accretion_disks_winds_and_coronae", re.compile(r"\b(accretion disk\w*|x-ray corona\w*|quasi-periodic oscillation\w*|qpo\w*|state transition\w*|super-eddington)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "neutron_stars_pulsars_and_magnetars",
    },
    9: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(fast radio burst\w*|frb\w*|long-period radio transient\w*|coherent radio transient\w*|"
            r"gamma-ray burst\w*|grb\w*|short grb\w*|long grb\w*|afterglow\w*|collapsar\w*|"
            r"kilonova\w*|superluminous supernova\w*|slsn\w*|fast blue optical transient\w*|fbot\w*|pair-instability supernova\w*|"
            r"tidal disruption event\w*|tde\w*|quasi-periodic eruption\w*|qpe\w*|changing-look agn|ambiguous nuclear transient\w*|"
            r"gravitational wave\w*|binary black hole merger\w*|binary neutron star merger\w*|pulsar timing array\w*|nanohertz gravitational|"
            r"extreme mass-ratio inspiral\w*|emri\w*|ligo|virgo|kagra|lisa|multimessenger|gw170817|gw190521)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("fast_radio_bursts_and_coherent_radio_transients", re.compile(r"\b(fast radio burst\w*|frb\w*|long-period radio|coherent radio transient\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("gamma_ray_bursts_and_relativistic_explosions", re.compile(r"\b(gamma-ray burst\w*|grb\w*|collapsar\w*|relativistic afterglow\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("tidal_disruption_events_and_nuclear_transients", re.compile(r"\b(tidal disruption event\w*|tde\w*|quasi-periodic eruption\w*|qpe\w*|changing-look|nuclear transient\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("gravitational_wave_sources_and_populations", re.compile(r"\b(gravitational wave\w*|binary black hole\w*|pulsar timing array\w*|nanohertz|emri\w*|ligo|lisa|mass gap)\b", re.I)),
            ("multimessenger_associations_and_counterparts", re.compile(r"\b(multimessenger|electromagnetic counterpart\w*|gw170817|standard siren\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("supernovae_and_kilonovae", re.compile(r"\b(kilonova\w*|superluminous supernova\w*|slsn\w*|fast blue optical|fbot\w*|transient\w*|supernova\w*)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "gravitational_wave_sources_and_populations",
    },
    10: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(cosmic ray\w*|ultra-high-energy cosmic ray\w*|uhecr\w*|pevatron\w*|knee|ankle|gzk|pierre auger|telescope array|"
            r"positron excess|ams-02|dampe|calet|antiproton|"
            r"astrophysical neutrino\w*|high-energy neutrino\w*|icecube|km3net|txs 0506|ngc 1068|cosmogenic neutrino\w*|"
            r"tev gamma-ray|pev gamma-ray|lhaaso|hawc|cta|cherenkov|fermi-lat|gev excess|tev halo\w*|"
            r"diffusive shock acceleration|fermi acceleration|relativistic magnetic reconnection|cosmic-ray transport|streaming instability)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("ultra_high_energy_cosmic_rays", re.compile(r"\b(ultra-high-energy cosmic|uhecr\w*|ankle|gzk|pierre auger|telescope array|eev)\b", re.I)),
            ("astrophysical_neutrinos", re.compile(r"\b(astrophysical neutrino\w*|high-energy neutrino\w*|icecube|km3net|neutrino source\w*|ngc 1068|txs 0506)\b", re.I)),
            ("gamma_ray_astronomy_and_gev_tev_sources", re.compile(r"\b(tev gamma|pev gamma|lhaaso|hawc|cherenkov|gev excess|unidentified gamma|tev halo\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("particle_acceleration_and_transport", re.compile(r"\b(diffusive shock acceleration|fermi acceleration|particle acceleration|cosmic-ray transport|streaming instability|cosmic-ray diffusion)\b", re.I)),
            ("galactic_cosmic_rays_and_pevatrons", re.compile(r"\b(galactic cosmic ray\w*|pevatron\w*|positron excess|ams-02|supernova remnant cosmic)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "galactic_cosmic_rays_and_pevatrons",
    },
    11: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(exoplanet\w*|extrasolar planet\w*|hot jupiter\w*|warm jupiter\w*|sub-neptune\w*|super-earth\w*|"
            r"radius valley|fulton gap|neptune desert|peas-in-a-pod|orbital migration|free-floating planet\w*|"
            r"protoplanetary disk\w*|planetesimal\w*|pebble accretion|streaming instability|dust trap\w*|snowline\w*|"
            r"transmission spectroscop\w*|secondary eclipse|phase curve\w*|exoplanet atmosphere\w*|hycean|"
            r"debris disk\w*|polluted white dwarf\w*|exocomet\w*|exomoon\w*|exoring\w*)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("protoplanetary_disks_and_planet_formation", re.compile(r"\b(protoplanetary disk\w*|planetesimal\w*|pebble accretion|dust trap\w*|snowline\w*|core accretion|disk wind\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("exoplanet_atmospheres_and_climates", re.compile(r"\b(transmission spectroscop\w*|exoplanet atmosphere\w*|secondary eclipse|phase curve\w*|c/o ratio|aerosol\w*|hazes?|photoevaporat\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("exoplanet_interiors_and_bulk_composition", re.compile(r"\b(sub-neptune interior\w*|super-earth interior\w*|magma ocean\w*|hycean|water world\w*|mass-radius relation)\b", re.I)),
            ("debris_disks_polluted_white_dwarfs_and_exocomets", re.compile(r"\b(debris disk\w*|polluted white dwarf\w*|exocomet\w*|exozodiacal)\b", re.I)),
            ("exoplanet_demographics_and_architectures", re.compile(r"\b(radius valley|fulton gap|neptune desert|hot jupiter\w*|orbital architecture\w*|exoplanet demographic\w*|exoplanet\w*)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "exoplanet_demographics_and_architectures",
    },
    12: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(solar system|mercury|venus\w*|martian|mars|lunar|moon|giant impact|"
            r"jupiter|jovian|juno|saturn\w*|cassini|uranus|neptun\w*|ice giant\w*|dilute core|"
            r"europa|enceladus|titan|ganymede|callisto|io|triton|ocean world\w*|icy moon\w*|subsurface ocean\w*|"
            r"asteroid\w*|comet\w*|meteorit\w*|chondrit\w*|cai\w*|calcium-aluminum|bennu|ryugu|ceres|vesta|"
            r"kuiper belt|trans-neptunian|tno\w*|sedna|sednoid\w*|oort cloud|pluto|planet nine|"
            r"interstellar object\w*|oumuamua|borisov)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("giant_planets_and_ice_giants", re.compile(r"\b(jupiter|jovian|juno|saturn\w*|cassini|uranus|neptune|ice giant\w*|dilute core)\b", re.I)),
            ("ocean_worlds_and_icy_moons", re.compile(r"\b(europa|enceladus|titan|ganymede|callisto|io|triton|ocean world\w*|icy moon\w*|subsurface ocean)\b", re.I)),
            ("asteroids_comets_and_meteoritics", re.compile(r"\b(asteroid\w*|comet\w*|meteorit\w*|chondrit\w*|cai\w*|bennu|ryugu|ceres|vesta|presolar grain\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("trans_neptunian_objects_kuiper_belt_and_oort_cloud", re.compile(r"\b(kuiper belt|trans-neptunian|tno\w*|sedna\w*|oort cloud|pluto|planet nine|centaur\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("interstellar_objects_and_solar_system_dynamics", re.compile(r"\b(interstellar object\w*|oumuamua|borisov|nice model|grand tack|late heavy bombardment)\b", re.I)),
            ("terrestrial_planets_and_The_Moon", re.compile(r"\b(mercury|venus\w*|martian|mars|lunar|moon)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "asteroids_comets_and_meteoritics",
    },
    13: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(astrobiolog\w*|habitable\w*|habitability|planetary habitability|galactic habitable|"
            r"biosignature\w*|biomarker\w*|chemical disequilibrium|false positive biosignature|abiogenesis|"
            r"origin of life|extraterrestrial life|search for life|signs of life|abiotic|biosphere|photosynthe\w*|"
            r"prebiotic\w*|volatile delivery|homochiral\w*|chiral\w*|meteoritic amino acid\w*|nucleobase\w*|organic molecule\w*|complex organic|"
            r"astrochem\w*|interstellar molecule\w*|interstellar ice\w*|carbonaceous chondrit\w*|"
            r"life detection|extant life|martian methane|martian|enceladus|europa|titan\b|subsurface ocean\w*|ocean world\w*|water world\w*|liquid water|"
            r"exoplanet atmosphere\w*|planetary atmosphere\w*|super-earth\w*|terrestrial planet\w*|rocky planet\w*|m-dwarf\w*|m dwarf\w*|"
            r"tidally locked|tidal locking|runaway greenhouse|moist greenhouse|carbonate-silicate|temperate|trappist-1|atmospheric escape|"
            r"technosignature\w*|seti\b|dyson sphere\w*|dyson swarm\w*|narrowband radio|optical seti|extraterrestrial intelligence|fermi paradox|drake equation)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("technosignatures_and_seti", re.compile(r"\b(technosignature\w*|seti|dyson|narrowband radio|laser pulse|waste heat|extraterrestrial intelligence|fermi paradox|drake equation)\b", re.I)),
            ("exoplanet_biosignatures_and_false_positives", re.compile(r"\b(biosignature\w*|chemical disequilibrium|o2/o3|dimethyl sulfide|red edge|false positive|abiotic oxygen)\b", re.I)),
            ("solar_system_biosignatures_and_life_detection", re.compile(r"\b(life detection|martian methane|biomarker\w*|enantiomeric|extant life|enceladus plume|europa plume)\b", re.I)),
            ("prebiotic_chemistry_and_volatile_delivery", re.compile(r"\b(prebiotic\w*|volatile delivery|abiogenesis|origin of life|amino acid\w*|nucleobase\w*|ribonucleotide|homochiral\w*)\b", re.I)),
            ("circumstellar_and_galactic_habitability", re.compile(r"\b(habitable\w*|habitability|tidally locked|tidal locking|runaway greenhouse|moist greenhouse|carbonate-silicate|m-dwarf habitability|galactic habitable)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "circumstellar_and_galactic_habitability",
    },
    14: {
        "main": re.compile(
            r"\b(solar corona\w*|coronal heating|nanoflare\w*|solar wind|fast solar wind|slow solar wind|"
            r"parker solar probe|solar orbiter|switchback\w*|solar flare\w*|coronal mass ejection\w*|cme\w*|"
            r"solar dynamo|solar cycle|sunspot\w*|tachocline|helioseism\w*|solar abundance problem|"
            r"solar energetic particle\w*|sep\w*|heliospher\w*|termination shock|heliopause|interstellar boundary|"
            r"stellar flare\w*|superflare\w*|stellar coronal|stellar magnetic activity|astrospher\w*)\b",
            re.I,
        ),
        "subcats": [
            ("solar_interior_dynamo_and_cycle", re.compile(r"\b(solar dynamo|solar cycle|sunspot\w*|tachocline|helioseism\w*|solar abundance|maunder minimum|meridional flow)\b", re.I)),
            ("solar_flares_cmes_and_magnetic_reconnection", re.compile(r"\b(solar flare\w*|coronal mass ejection\w*|cme\w*|solar energetic particle\w*|sep\w*|flux rope|torus instability)\b", re.I)),
            ("stellar_activity_superflares_and_astrospheres", re.compile(r"\b(superflare\w*|stellar flare\w*|stellar activity|astrospher\w*|coronal confinement)\b", re.I)),
            ("solar_wind_turbulence_and_heliosphere", re.compile(r"\b(solar corona\w*|coronal heating|nanoflare\w*|solar wind|switchback\w*|parker solar probe|heliospher\w*|termination shock|heliopause)\b", re.I)),
        ],
        "default_subcat": "solar_wind_turbulence_and_heliosphere",
    },
}


def is_strict_astronomy(title: str, text: str, journal: str = "") -> bool:
    comb = f"{title} {text} {journal}"
    if NON_ASTRONOMY_BLACKLIST.search(comb):
        return False
    if not ASTRONOMY_REQUIRED.search(f"{title} {text}"):
        return False
    return True


def classify_astronomy_category(title: str, text: str, journal: str = "", preferred_cat: int | None = None) -> tuple[int, str]:
    comb = f"{title} {title} {text} {journal}"
    scores = {}
    for cid, rule in CAT_RULES.items():
        matches = rule["main"].findall(comb)
        scores[cid] = len(matches)
        if preferred_cat == cid and scores[cid] > 0:
            scores[cid] += 2

    best_cat = max(scores, key=lambda k: scores[k])
    if scores[best_cat] == 0:
        best_cat = preferred_cat if preferred_cat in CAT_RULES else 4

    subcat = CAT_RULES[best_cat]["default_subcat"]
    for sc_name, sc_pat in CAT_RULES[best_cat]["subcats"]:
        if sc_pat.search(comb):
            subcat = sc_name
            break
    return best_cat, subcat