text stringlengths 38 76.6k |
|---|
Sneezing is usually triggered by irritation of the nasal mucosa (tissue in your nose). When this irritation occurs it sends signals to parts of your brain to say "we're being irritated". If enough of these signals are sent, your brain will say "ok time for a sneeze" and sends signals to the parts of your body responsib... |
That is a rough figure for all of the debt in the entire world. National debt, private debt, etc. The federal deficit, your credit card balances; the grand total sum is $217 trillion. It is owed to everyone and anyone who is a creditor. Nations owe other nations, businesses owe other businesses and banks, etc. That is ... |
Yes, gravity has infinite range. But because the universe has a finite age, there may not have been enough time for two things to gravitationally interact, however. So practically speaking, gravity has a finite range. Let's consider your example: According to Newton, gravity follows an inverse square law, meaning the f... |
A standard landline (POTS) has -48V DC power included with the signal. The phone company central office also has a bank of batteries to operate when the power is out. The Central Office for the phone system supplies power down the lines for the phones. It's DC (direct current, like a battery) and the voltage varies bas... |
The color is in the iris which is the adjustable muscle around the opening. The pupil is actually an opening behind the clear coverings of the eye, so it's actually a hole. That's why it's black I believe what you're referring to is that the iris consists of two layers - the epithelium and the stroma. The epithelium li... |
Basically the only thing astrophysicists know for sure is the stuff they can directly observe and the stuff they can prove with observations or calculations. For example we know for sure the universe is expanding because we can actually see everything moving away from us. What we don't know is exactly how, because we c... |
The x-axis here most likely represents months (since each cycle has a length of 12). So what you are seeing is the temperature fluctuations that occur from summer to winter as the earth orbits around the sun. Sinusoidal functions can be derived from [circular motion]( URL_0 ) so patterns like this one are very common i... |
I'm just going to answer your question about how to avoid the belching. They make burpless fish oil capsules which prevent that side effect pretty well |
I'm not really sure what you mean. Because our brains aren't really compressed. There isn't exactly high pressure inside our cranium. We do however have more folds in our brains compared to other species. That simply allows us to have more surface area and therefore more space to process information. |
Clean eating is eating natural, whole foods without additives and avoiding highly-processed products. Keto is a high fat, mid-high protein, low carb diet. |
Frowning seems to cause you to narrow your eyes so that you can reduce your field of vision. This cuts off extraneous information and lets you devote more brain time to what you are pondering upon. When I'm concentrating deeply, I tend to scowl, and people ask me why I do that and i say "I'm thinking furiously". |
Branding is important, and time will tell if those two brands have more value separately or together. A smart acquisition keeps its options open and gathers market intelligence over time to inform such decisions. Yes, they've eliminated a competitor. They've also expanded their business, now with two distinct customer ... |
In the 90's a massive multi trillion dollar industry(the internet) was created out of thin air leading to skyrocketing tax income for the Federal Government that they did not predict, and did not budget for. If something like that ever happens again, the US will probably run budget surpluses for a few years like they d... |
There are two types of matter particles, hadrons and leptons. Leptons (like the electron) are themselves fundamental...they can't be subdivided. Hadrons (like protons and neutrons) are not fundamental. They are made up of three quarks, bound together by the strong nuclear force. Quarks are fundamental. I have no idea h... |
More accurately, socialism is an organization of labor and capital such that *the workers* exercise control over the means of production. The most common view of how to achieve this (favored by Marx) is for *the state* to appropriate the means from capitalists, and manage them on behalf of the proletariat. In Marx' ide... |
I recently read the superb book "touch" which is solely about the sense of touch. The nerves in the lips are very, very sensitive. The lips serve humans as an excellent tool in sensory perception. This is most evident in infants who will constantly use their lips to explore items. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the li... |
Water has a high capacitance and takes alot of the surrounding heat out from the atmosphere. As the water fall from a high alltitude and is also already cooled bellow the surface temp. So you have cold water raining down being warmed by the atmosphere around you, thus it takes away the heat you so enjoyed before hand. ... |
No, no, and no. Escape velocity for the moon is 2.4km/s. This is many times faster than a rifle bullet. Any rock or rock-like object capable of making it through the Earth's atmosphere and still be able to cause significant damage would have to be massive. The meteor that exploded over Russia in in 2013 was about 20 me... |
The taste of Crab meat is significantly sweeter than other meats probably because of the higher presence of "sweet" amino acids such as Glycine and Alanine. |
You use a [balance scale]( URL_1 ). A spring scale's measurement depends on how the weight of the measured item affects the components of the scale. A balance scale just lets you know if the two pans have equal weight on them, which is not dependent on the components of the scale and so it requires no calibration other... |
It will "protect the children". That's what the government claims it's about. Really I think it's just about trying to impose their Victorian morals on everyone. To be fair though, there's no talk of an outright porn ban. Not yet anyway. The plans are to apply the same rules to online porn as physical magazines and DVD... |
This is a legal question, and it also varies from country to country (and IANAL). Generally speaking, though, the use of *any* copyright-protected material (which is nearly everything of artistic or literary merit -- copyright is automatic) without permission of the copyright owner is an infringement except in certain ... |
Generating range, e.g., exposure. Getting a brands' name 'out there'. Every view, every click, every page loaded is, at its base level, an interaction with a brand, or product and a potential customer. Any page, be it a standalone website, a facebook page, a blog or whatever kind of means a company decides to use to pr... |
take it that a human body has 2 sets of genes. When a baby is made, half the genes are from the mother and other half is from the father. These genes make proteins which help our body work. However, there are occasionally some errors in the genes which ends up making defective/too much/too little proteins which give ri... |
Sinkholes tend to form in carbonate rocks, that is rocks with 50% or more CaCO3 making them up, limestone being a characteristic rock. Carbonate rocks erode easily in the presence of acids, and natural rainwater has a pH of approximately 5.6 (about what a cucumber is) due to presence of carbonic acid in the rain. This ... |
Your pupil changes size depending on the light level. It gets big in the dark, and shrinks down in bright lights. The pupil isn't an actual organ though, it's just a hole. The actual organ is the iris, the colored part of your eye; it's actually a muscle. When you move suddenly into a bright light, the iris closes your... |
It doesn't. Mobile now so can't find the source but there was a scientific study that proved it doesn't. It doesn't. It's either something you've been told and you blindly believed it, or you've somehow made yourself believe that it does. I don't have the source in front of me, but recalling from memory it is: It doesn... |
> why would someone destroy their lives for a gram or two Despite the strong neurochemical aspect of hard drugs, I wouldn't say they make someone addicted. Keep in mind that people who turn to strong drugs are usually in a difficult situation psychologically along with a low socio-economic status, few opportunities in ... |
You don't necessarily. You get tax breaks for owning a home and having kids, but my ex wife and I lived in an apartment. When we filed jointly we got much less than we would have had we been single. There aren't tax breaks for being married, per se. There are higher tax brackets for married couples filing jointly based... |
Army officer here. One of the things we learn about in tactics is called movement corridors. Basically, to move a unit of a certain type and size effectively, you need a certain amount of space. Most places in the world have terrain features or man-man obstacles that restrict the size of these corridors, so it limits w... |
It doesn't hurt the child because the mother is processing the food for the child. You mostly want to avoid things that get into the blood or can be passed through the placenta to the baby and have a harmful impact (such as alcohol). Studies have actually shown that mothers who eat nuts during pregnancy have children w... |
Multiplying by negative one (-1) is like making something opposite, that is turning it around. So taking something like $100 of debt and multiplying it by -1 turns it around to a $100 credit. Multiplying by -2, turns it around AND doubles it... So if you owe me two apples (so you have -2 apples) and I multiply it by -2... |
The tall crutches that go to the armpit are generally used for short term injuries. They are easier to use and require less balance and arm strength then the forearm only ones but make you move in more of a swinging fashion. For long term use the forearm crutches are popular in America. Also you aren't supposed to have... |
That depends on the bug. Some bees have been shown to be able to re-locate their hive after being separated by a reasonable distance. Over time they learn the area while foraging and can find their way back if they're not moved too far. Ants trace their location carefully with scent and would be lost if moved. Most non... |
Well in terms of governing, the economy is integral, but its not the only thing that matters. In addition, because the president has economists as advisors, he wouldn't himself need to be president. A president also has to be able to sway voters, which can be much more to do with feelings than facts. Same reason a gene... |
1.) Helping somebody else, even if that person is a stranger. The fact that it's on the Internet doesn't particularly matter. 2.) Helping lurkers and searchers. In this case, the Internet increases your reach exponentially. 3.) Making sure your own position is correct, which helps you. The Internet allows not only the ... |
Neither. > A person who goes around the world from east to west (the same direction as Magellan's voyage) would gain or set their clock back one hour for every 15° of longitude crossed, and would gain 24 hours for one circuit of the globe from east to west if they did not compensate by setting their clock forward one d... |
The simplification is that penny stocks are stocks worth less than a certain amount. Every country defines them differently, but in the US the SEC considers any stock trading under 5$ as penny stocks. Many of these are from smaller companies and the reason people invest in them is because it has possibilities of higher... |
Pound for pound, mammals require about 20x more energy than reptiles. That means mammals will require about 20x the food and oxygen to survive. 30 / 20 = 1.5 minutes, so the math checks out. "Humans are what are called tidal breathers. When we breathe in, fresh air moves into our lungs along progressively smaller airwa... |
Compression is a technique for finding patterns in a file and writing it in a way that takes more space. For example instead of writing "aaaaaaaa" you may write 8*"a" which is much shorter. Or instead of writing "abcdefgh" you may write "a"-"h". However if you have already compressed a file and written it in the shorte... |
So electricity. It needs to be moved and can only be used as generated without significant infrastructure. So lets just look at moving Electricity from Arizona to say Maine. Line losses. Electricity needs to be at high voltages to move it. that is why AC won out over DC. Not because Tesla rocked and Edison was a jackwa... |
It actually *does* gunk up your lungs. Some studies suggest that pot smoke is significantly worse for your lungs than even tobacco smoke. It doesn't build up to infinity because your lungs have a significant self-cleaning ability. |
A good rule of thumb: If alternative medicine was proven to work, it would simply be called "medicine." For very minor aches and pains, it's possible some some herbal remedies are very, very mildly effective. For the most part, it's a combination of placebo and very mild positive effects. Some are - some aren't. As Sla... |
I do this with hangovers. You just need to convince yourself that you didn't get drunk last night, and that its just a slow morning and voila, you still feel shit. I am not sure what you are asking... the placebo effect is the result of the mind producing the perceived result, it quite literally already is will power. ... |
Powdered lactose or vitamin B powder. If they snort it through a straw or something they coat the inside with vaseline so it gets stuck in the straw and most of it never reaches their nose. Sometimes actual coke, but normally it's powdered lactose. It would only be actual coke if the actor made that switch himself. For... |
The same reason our base-10 number system uses 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. There is no symbol 10 in base 10. Any base has symbols up to, but not including the base you say it is. So base 10 has symbols up to 9. Binary has all the symbols up to 1. Because it makes math work. Let's look at decimal (base 10, "normal"... |
History (such as "New Coke" and various other products which come and go) suggests that they do, but that such experiments are incredibly closely guarded. I think that after "New Coke" it's fair to say that they don't fuck with their core recipes anymore, but they spin off new flavors and variants from them, which prob... |
I have been waiting for this moment my whole life. Sleep Expert here. The reason one does not feel pain while they sleep is because when you sleep, “most neurons in the brain stem immediately above the spinal cord, reduce or stop firing.” The brain stem is composed of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. The brai... |
The disc doesn't know. Its The player that remembers where you stopped when you last loaded this disc |
Probably not an appropriate response for an ELI5 but it's too good a book to ignore: Check out A Biography of Cancer - The Emperor of All Maladies. Riveting, epic stuff and I believe winner of a Pulitzer Prize for non-fiction. Its caused by mutations in the DNA after birth - from harmful chemicals mainly, UV radiation ... |
Plenty of climbers do - anyone who takes the [North Col Route]( URL_0 ) avoids the Icefall entirely. The main troubles with that route are that it's longer and more difficult, and that it starts on the Tibetan side of the mountain, which was closed to foreigners for decades. I'm not actually sure how easy it is to get ... |
So basically this concept revolves around the fact that your heart as a continuous pump. Your arteries contain muscles that work the same as any other in your body: the more that you exert the muscles the stronger they become. When exercising the heart and arteries are forced to pump blood at levels higher than they wo... |
Empty space. That's why gasses need so much more space than an equal number of molecules in a liquid or solid form. There is a lot of space needed because of their high temperature. > So what will be between the molecules of the gaz? Nothing is between the molecules of gas. It is vacuum. The same number of molecules wi... |
Fewer calories in, more calories burned, stuff breaking down, or fluid loss. Under more burned, we have things like hyperthyroidism directly increasing basal metabolic rate; nearly every cell in the body is affected to some degree, basically cranking up energy usage. Malignant tumors are notoriously hungry for glucose,... |
The *production* and ongoing survival of sperm are different biological processes. The testes are outside the body to keep temperature lower to assist with the *production* of sperm. Also, a lower temperature may offer an improvement in sperm survival, but this does not mean no sperm can possibly survive at the higher ... |
So, whitening toothpaste and to a much greater extent the professional whitening treatments are pretty hard on your enamel and can damage the teeth the roots, which is the exact opposite of the enamel protection. Think of the enamel protection as something like putting polyurethane on a table and the whitening is like ... |
The water in the Caribbean appears blue because it absorbs the red, yellow and green wavelengths of light while reflecting the shorter blue wavelengths of light. The Caribbean water is very clear due to the absence of suspended particles and plankton, further increasing the blue color. [Info taken from here]( URL_0 ) |
Avid is the most popular choice or sometimes Final Cut Pro(I think that one has become less popular). Those are both commercially available, although they're a little pricey. |
Physical Money Pros: * No technology is needed to exchange money and make sales * No internet access is required * No record of transactions (some people use this for tax avoidance) * The other person cannot track you (with a credit/debit card if they find out who the card belongs to they can check all of their records... |
Mainly, The germans early were prepared for war. Hell when It first kicked off the british didnt even expect anything to happen and treated it like a show of power for political prowess. So A well supplied motivated german force was more than a match to what opposed them. Also trench warfare heavily favored the defense... |
It isn't bad and not even remotely related. Chewing helps the digestive system process food more efficiently but you probably won't notice it even if you don't chew at all (just don't do that too often). Stinky farts have more to do with the food you eat, and the bacteria in your intestines. Those bacteria help you wit... |
Most people don't have a good grasp of macroeconomics or the effects of consumer choices on production. People want what they want - they want high paying jobs for themselves and they want everything they buy to be cheap. They don't understand that these two things are not compatible at a macro level - they just want i... |
In addition to what others are saying, if you get permission first you may be able to negotiate a lower royalty payment. A songwriter in the US does have the right to dictate who will be the *first* artist to use his/her song. After someone does it once, though, anyone else can do the song as long as they pay a royalty... |
They would, but they have to compete with sensitive bacteria for the same resources/space. Here is a post I wrote some time ago that explains the concept: Imagine this scenario: There are 100 bacteria, and 1 of them happens to be resistant. You take a few doses of penicillin, and kill 90 of them. Now, there are 10 left... |
As with most things, it's a matter of degree. The risk of a baby being stillborn or with extremely low birth weight is very low. Heavy cigarette usage doubles that risk. Double a very low number is still very low. Depending on the country and maybe within the country, I would also imagine that children with severe prob... |
They watch your search, browsing, and personal information and sell that to advertisers. Not your information directly per say, but kinda as a whole. Like hey Amazon everyone 18-22 is checking out that new deadpool movie. Maybe advertise that more and Amazon is like thanks bro here 30 bucks. most are subsidised. Primar... |
Amazon S3 is short for Simple Storage Service. This is part of Amazon Web Services, or AWS. AWS, to simplify, is an **ENORMOUS** pile of computing power and storage. People are able to freely rent chunks of this power as they see fit, treating that chunk of muscle as their own private server. Even better, it can scale ... |
Frequency, in anything, is how often something happens in a certain period of time. Frequency in light is measured in hertz, or Hz, which is 1/s. It refers to how many times a part of the light wave repeats itself in one second, so to speak. So, if light has a frequency of, say, 100 Hz, that means the wave travels from... |
Here's a sampling of the processes involved: 1. Who's the sender of the information? 2. Where's the sender located? 3. What tone of voice was used to call my name? 4. What historical context is there for the tone used to call my name? 5. Where are we, and what possible scenarios match the nature of the tone in this con... |
Adult EpiPen is a single use 300microgram shot of adrenaline. 150micrograms if it's the kids one. Accidental injection into healthy adults is more common than you'd think, because people hold their thumb over the end inside of holding only the sides when they are panicking and injecting someone else. If they are holdin... |
Basically, microwaves work by generating low-frequency radio waves that excite the molecules in food. This excitation generates heat, and the conductive properties of the food or liquid carries that heat to the center of the item. Metal will reflect these radio/microwaves. This is why a microwave is basically a big, se... |
Venom is like a bunch of evil LEGO pieces that are designed to fit into critical spots on your cells (nerve, blood, etc). Antivenin is a collection of antibodies, which physically attach to the venom molecules like sticking more LEGO to them. The result is that the venom can no longer fit into the spots in your cells i... |
There haven't been any realistic plans proposed, so you're asking for speculation. Most likely, most of the changes are rhetoric and will be dropped once the administration realizes just how hard it is to cut other things. There's basically 4 ways to pay for spending increases: Cutting something else Economic growth Ta... |
A normal part of adult behavior is a result of an internal inhabition system. We are all fixated on our problems and dilemmas, but we repress the emotions attached to these inner dialogues because we realize they are socially unacceptable. When you get drunk you forget it's socially unacceptable, or more properly, your... |
Pressure. If I see one person clapping, I might think, "meh" and sit. Someone is going to start clapping with that person most likely (in certain places). Now, I have the pressure of two people subliminally telling me to clap. The reason it takes a long time is because the number of people clapping increases in a somew... |
Climate change dealt Europe an ice age -- it just became too cold for some of these animals. Human population density limited the amount of space for these animals to live, eat, and not be hunted by humans. |
Pretty much temperature and liquid abundance. On Earth it's water on Saturn's moon Titan it liquid methane that falls as rain. It is so cold water is as hard as rock |
In college I showed this to a roommate who was studying music composition. He immediately laughed out loud at how weak the guy's claim is. He starts by giving the crowd a note. OK, you've got to start somewhere. Then he spoon feeds them another note. Again, we're still establishing a premise. Then he goes on to the thi... |
It's largely *because* there are so many variables that are typically present in the ocean, but not in an aquarium. There are a million different chemicals that are present in the ocean in specific concentrations that won't be present in the aquarium, often because we don't know which of them is important or not. Even ... |
There are general trends, but no absolute rules. λ is used for ~~frequency~~ wavelength in physics, but it also used for the completely unrelated λ calculus in computer science. k is used for a variety of constants, as is C. i use commonly used for indices, but it is also the imaginary constant. n can be an exponent, t... |
Zero calorie drinks typically have extremely strong sweeteners that can taste just as sweet as sugar with less than a hundredth as much of the compound by weight. Most of what is in a zero calorie drink is just water. The tiny amounts of other compounds add up to less than 1 calorie per serve, and so the drinks can be ... |
You would perceive that information in a translated way. Remember, what you see is not what's in front of your eyes. It's information that was collected by your eyes, signaled to your brain, and then, your brain makes the "image". An ability to see in infrared would add more information to that picture, but that could ... |
Thinking about it logically, I would have to assume this is more biological instead of chemical (yes, there are chemical reactions taking place, but they are subsequent to biological processes). I don't know exactly what happens chemically, but I think that our bodies have evolved to find the smell of decomposition rep... |
Directed attention fatigue (DAF) is a neurological phenomenon that results from overuse of the brain’s inhibitory attention mechanisms, which handle incoming distractions while maintaining focus on a specific task. The greatest threat to a given focus of attention is competition from other stimuli that can cause a shif... |
Many hospitals have their fire alarms set up in zones. So each wing/floor/area is its own zone. When the fire alarm is activated in a zone, either from a pull station or a detector, the audible alarm will only sound in the affected zone. It will also close all the fire doors in the area, which are held open by magnets.... |
Insects do not have a brain. All their actions are based on a complex set of reflexes to various of events. Being swatted away is unlikely to be something they are even capable of remembering. |
Having read many scripts now I'd say the answer is it varies enormously - some scripts are detailed [exit, pursued by bear] while others offer little beyond the dialogue. The text from many scripts is now available for free online, there are even [facsimile copies]( URL_0 ) of some of the originals so you can see how i... |
A [review of studies]( URL_2 ) found that those averaging less than 6 hours of sleep per night had a 12% greater chance of premature death. The amount of sleep gained is probably not likely to directly affect life expectancy. Instead, [poorer sleep is likely to be a general indicator of poor health, rather than a cause... |
Everybody has an internal body clock called a [circadian rhythm]( URL_3 ). Without going into too much detail, this is a 24-hour cycle of hormone levels, which have an effect on all organs, including the brain. This results in what is known as a person's [chronotype]( URL_4 ), which is defined as a description of the p... |
They are actually faster, but just *seem* slower. When a giant takes a step, it looks like it is in slow motion for us if we were to mimic that exact movement at our scale, but the giant actually moves *much* faster than us to get one foot from one spot to another spot way further away. They can't move their limbs as f... |
To see, light has to hit our eye, and then reflect back onto the retina. This image is then sent to our brain and then comprehended. If you are short-sighted, the eyeball is either curved wrong, or too long, and instead of hitting the retina directly, the light goes in front of the retina, causing you to not be able to... |
I'm pretty sure it's based on a certain hormone, and when the hormone level is low, the caterpillar is biologically driven to create a chrysalis and enter it. Caterpillars don't have the capacity to "know" things. Their behaviors are driven by instinct, biological processes, and environmental factors. Do newborn humans... |
It's called code switching. It's very common among people raised speaking multiple languages. It comes from the fact that languages learned before the age of 12 (or so) are much more deeply ingrained than those learned later in life and your brain can seamlessly switch between them mid-sentence or even mid-phrase. Ther... |
First things first, I greatly recommend trying a "game" [Slower speed of light]( URL_0 ) by some folk on MIT that simulates these effects. And my answer: Our solar system as we know it could not exist under such conditions. The Earth alone rotates with surface speeds much higher than that (~~733 MPH~~ 1037 MPH at equat... |
Ask this question again in late April/early May, as I'll be taking that as the topic of my term paper in my cognitive neuroscience course. From the little research I've gathered so far, the meditative state has a plethora of activation patterns that differ from other states. One of the major patterns is Transient Hypof... |
What would be the point of having tastebuds that detect H20? Your mouth is *always* full of water. You'd lose your ability to taste it before you were even born due to sensory fatigue. If people could taste water, or better yet, if water had a flavor then there would be people that would claim they didn't like the tast... |
Not materially, no. The actual % of the total 'money' that exists and notes and coins is quite small. At a guess, 5-6%. So even destroying it all, there is still 95% of the value of 'money' that hasn't been removed from the market. I guess if you destroyed enough of them, and the central bank didn't print any more - th... |
My pool I supervise at has the water tank and filtration system underground. It can be struck by lightning which would feed into the actual pool and do harm. That's why we evacuate when its lightning outside even though it's indoor. Yes, you are still at risk of being electrocuted when in the pool if lightning strikes ... |
While most medicinal chemicals were originally found in plants/animals/whatever natural source was available, modern methods tend not to rely on them. In fact, the majority of modern organic molecules are mass-manufactured from petroleum derivatives. I'll expand a little on your example of salicylic acid: The "natural"... |
A flat tax places a greater burden upon the less wealthy. This is because there are certain costs which are relatively constant for everyone. For example it might take 30% of a poor person's income to provide food while it certainly doesn't take 30% of Bill Gates's wealth to feed his family. Is Bill's food more expensi... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.