text stringlengths 38 76.6k |
|---|
There is a practice called saturation diving where commercial divers working at great depth, usually on oil drilling installations, stay at the pressure of their seafloor work site for weeks at a time since decompressing safely from those depths takes > 12 hours, which would be hugely inefficient if you had to do it to... |
Software runs on top of the operating system. Normally the software should not be altering the operating system that it's running on. Back in the 90s and early 2000s there were LOTS of problems with windows and viruses, mainly because Windows allowed any software to alter itself to whatever needs the software had. Viru... |
It's also a flush of a chemical called cortisol, which is an endogenous steroid. Too much can cause aches and stiffness but it's helping your muscles repair themselves So when you excersise you are basically tearing muscle fibers apart hence the soreness When you get stronger or bigger from excersise it's the result of... |
The podcast [Planet Money]( URL_0 ) has a pretty good episode on commodity trading (based on the movie Trading Places). It is worth listening to for a good explanation. You usually don't literally 'buy bananas'. You buy or sell a contract to buy bananas at some future date. These are called *futures contracts*. So toda... |
Luck and money, or the possiblity that perhaps he doesnt have ALS. Instead he might have a rare disease that sorta acts like ALS but happens sooner but stalls. Some people believe that because his ALS set in when he was young that contributed to his survival. As ALS usually affects older people. But really a lot of it ... |
Probably has to do with cell towers vs satellites... I mean no matter what you're trying to do with a satellite there will be a large delay of about .6 seconds at least in certain areas |
It's called an amygdala hijack. Your amygdala is the "lizard" part of your brain that activates when you become nervous/scared/threatened. It essentially shuts down higher order thinking in preparation of running or fighting. It's something that has been built into us since the days we were hunter gatherers where our b... |
Vitamin D synthesis is simple: your body produces one chemical (7-Dehydrocholesterol), and if you expose that chemical to UV light (optimally 290-320 nm wavelength, "UVB") the energy in the light is enough to break a bond in the chemical and it turns into another chemical. That second chemical isn't stable and spontane... |
1. You lose a sense of yourself as a being separate from the abuser. Your self worth only comes from your relationship with that person. This carries into other relationships. 2. Abusers are good at convincing you that they love you, but they also hurt you. You associate love with abuse. Ypu both want to be loved and f... |
Absolutely nothing whatsoever. It's all just sugar, affects you the same way, rots your teeth the same way etc.etc. The difference arises when your sugar comes from unprocessed fruit (for example) as compared to processed sugars. In a piece of fruit, it takes your body more time and effort to extract the sugar from the... |
So things have changed a LOT from the loud "trading pits," but brokers and market makers were all *actually able to place trades* on the exchanges this way for a while. They are selling and bidding on stocks. The hand waving is the way to signal whether you are selling or buying and for how much. All the traders have o... |
Events like that tend to produce a surge in adrenalin amongst other things. That causes the body to prepare for an instinctive fight or flight reaction. This drives the blood pressure up as well as causing surges in other systems. This surge is what "fatigues" you as your body recovers and tries to put everything back ... |
When dormant, herpesviruses survive as just a genome, just some DNA with instructions to build the virus, hidden away from your immune system inside the nuclei of some of your nerve cells. A few of the viral genes in that DNA produce some lengths of RNA that apparently stop the other viral genes from being expressed, k... |
Our diaphragm isn't strong enough to work our lungs with a liquid instead of air, so we'd need mechanical help. That said, for premature babies where their lungs are underdeveloped, there is actually an oxygen-packed liquid them pump in their lungs so they can breath without their lungs drying out. They need a pump to ... |
No one can predict the future but housing is very overvalued now based off historical metrics. The Fed is holding nearly 1.8 trillion in mortgaged backed securities right now which I suspect is keeping the mortgage rates artificially low. The low mortgage rates have speculators and investors buying homes in a flurry ev... |
The why is evolution. Sleep is a dangerous time for any creature. Predators or natural disasters could kill you and everyone around you pretty easily. Our brains evolved to wake up to unusual noises, because unusual noise could mean danger. The humans without that adaptation died a lot more often than those without it. |
So I can't really talk too much about human doctors, although I think a lot of the points I'm about to make apply. Background: Veterinarians have suicide rates of about 2X human medical workers, and about 4X that of the general population. ([source]( URL_0 )) I am a veterinary intern at a large 24/7 365 day emergency h... |
They have a small, off-centred weight that spins. Because it's off-centered, it's unbalanced and causes the vibration when it spins. They have a little motor in them with an unbalanced weight. Spin it really fast and the motor+weight shakes the phone. |
Careful now, the story is that Denmark no longer has debt in foreign CURRENCY, that's not the same as having no foreign debt. > [Denmark’s government still has some 465 billion kroner ($67 billion) in debt, which amounted to 23% of GDP at the end of last year, low by international standards. Around 40% of this debt is ... |
Not sure about wild animals, but some domestic ones do, in a manner, at least. I've seen one of my neighbor's cows repeatedly escape so that it could hang out with another neighbor's cows in the other lot. There are also outdoor cats that effectively have multiple human families, and visit the different houses from tim... |
No. They're not really similar neurochemically. Different parts of the brain, even. Instincts are largely controlled by the limbic system, which also handles emotions and the like. Instinct is a preconfigured processing of sensory input signals to produce an advantageous behaviour. It is stored in the brain architectur... |
> However, the Social Security Trust Fund is one of the LARGEST holders of the US Debt (16% of total!) which I imagine means that that the government is BORROWING LOTS OF MONEY to pay for the month payments. Just the opposite. Social Security taxes put more into the program than is necessary. Congress uses this amount ... |
The simplest analogy is that sleep mode is a pause button for whatever the state is of the computer. In sleep mode, power is still running to the memory to maintain its content. For background info, ram memory needs power to constantly refresh itself in order to retain its contents. This is the trade off of its extreme... |
You don't just look at a picture, you look at different pictures, at different wavelengths. Different elements and chemical reacrions emit different forms of radiation, from infrared to gamma rays. By looking at this radiation, we can guess what elememts the planet is made off, whete those elemrnts are, and what elemen... |
Perhaps it's because it sounds like what one says when they see or hear something cute. Basically a moan. |
Emotions are primarily produced in the limbic system of our brains. The limbic system is a network of interrelated physical locations that use chemicals called neurotransmitters to communicate with each other, modulate physiological functions, and increase/decrease electrical impulses occuring in parts of our brains th... |
There are several ways to draw in chess: * Threefold repetition. The same position, with the same side to move, appears three times. It doesn't have to be three times in a row. * 50 move rule. 50 moves are made without a pawn being moved or a capture being made. * Stalemate. The player to move has no legal moves. Their... |
> Why is it that we can sense when someone enters a room People entering rooms reflect light, which you can see, make noises, which you can hear, disturb the air, which you can feel, and may have bad BO which you can smell. > or when someone is staring at us Other than by sight, you can't. However, you may recognize th... |
A "feature" known as reflow. It's present in a lot of major web browsers. When the HTML of a page changes (not limited to but is the biggest culprit), it triggers a reflow. The web browser recalculates how it should display and by default it will bring the page back to the top. So you're looking at a Web page reading a... |
Tolerance is generally caused by a process known as down regulation. Down regulation occurs in cell receptors (the Mu opioid receptors in the case of painkillers like Norco) in response to sustained increases in receptor activation. The brain does this by reducing the number of actual receptors of the affected type. De... |
Everything happens through the memory chips. Memory chips are banks of transistors and capacitors that can hold a voltage (+5 volts for example) that is interpreted as "1", or 0 voltage interpreted as "0". The CPU processor works on memory; it grabs, basically, one number at a time, changes it, then puts it back in mem... |
I don't do that, but I've found that if I open the front passenger window a little bit and the window behind it a little bit, there's a nice (fairly quite) circulation in my car, with a slight breeze on the back of my neck. Anyone here do what OP said? |
Scientists actually aren't 100% certain. The root cause of the peanut allergy isn't well understood. Two of the most likely explanations: 1. Peanuts contain severa unique types of protein not widely found in other foods. There is also evidence that roasting peanuts makes these proteins more likely to cause a harmful re... |
Your brain already "erases" information you see but you don't need, as well as "fills in the blanks" for information that's missing or assumed. you have a blindspot in each eye but if you look at a wall, you don't see two black circles, your visual center just automatically paints in the blindspots, because you don't n... |
The body releases endorphins, or pleasure hormones, to help counter pain. Some people are more receptive to that than the pain itself. |
Essentially, they guess. It's an educated guess based on past experiences, but a guess none the less. They know the size of their current market, and what portion of that they own. They make an educated guess on how much incremental revenue they will gain from being sponsored by whomever and then offer a deal that shar... |
Your moving water to the already dry areas of yur hands creating more surface area for water to evaporate from. |
Planned Obsolescence. URL_0 Basically, if you make the perfect product, then people would not need to replace or buy a new version. However, if you ensure that your product degrades over time, then you'll force your customers to make repeat purchases. |
That's not an investment, it's a loan. Some people literally live paycheque-to-paycheque and cannot don't have $1000 to spend if an emergency pops up. For example, after rent, utilities, groceries, internet, phone bills, gas, etc. a single person might only have a few hundred dollars to spend every two weeks. Let's say... |
It may be because it's using random (or a bad shuffle algorithm) instead of a good shuffle algorithm. Because the human brain likes to find patterns in everything, a real random list, doesn't sound really random to people, and sometimes there's repeated songs, or a lot more songs of one artist than the others, etc. Thi... |
it's mostly learned. the excruciatingly high calorie american breakfast is often unappealing to people from european cultures where lunch is a more substantial meal. |
"Toxins" aren't any coherent grouping of chemicals, it's sort of an umbrella term for shit that's bad for you. Sure, some of them might break down at temperatures comparable to the temperatures that kill the bacteria while others might require you to burn your food to blackened chunk of charcoal to eliminate. If you li... |
You will be forced to exhale because of the pressure difference and then you have something of a minute to get back in the ship or you will pass out from the lack of oxygen. If you do manage to not exhale, your lungs will burst and will not survive more that a couple of minute even in a pressurized environment. You wou... |
A constitution is the top rule book in the land. What it does is lays out how the government will work and what it is allowed to do. e.g. the USA has a provission for free speech so the government can't make a law that goes aginst that. Generally constitutions are established when the country is. Australia and the USA ... |
We are warm. We are the source of heat. We walk around at almost 37°C. We warm the air next to our skin inevitably, same as a hot coffee warms the coffee mug. Clothes (or blankets) keep this air close to our skin instead of letting it dissipate and minimally increase the temperature of the room. This means that the air... |
Bread is cheap. Single, lonely people will often have stale bread at home because they didn't finish their last loaf. Birds **appear** to like it, even if it's not the best thing for them. ...and like lots of stereotypes in TV and movies, you keep seeing it because writers & directors *know* that everyone will automati... |
Nothing. They used the same media as cassette tapes but they had a method of skipping to the next track that you just can't do with a cassette, but they were much larger so less portable. |
100 years ago is 1917. Speed of light was accurately measured with great, great precision in 1887 using an interferometer. People in 1917 weren't cavemen without technology knowledge. In fact, in 1917 they had been making flutes for 43.000 years already. First flute: trial and error. Second flute: copy of the first. Fl... |
The "natural numbers" are the set of *non-negative* integers (0,1,2,3...). Sometimes people exclude 0 from this set, but that's now sometimes referred to as the "counting numbers," the set of *whole positive* integers (1,2,3,4...). As the name implies, these are the numbers used for counting and ordering things in real... |
**tldr:** any profits the Federal Reserve Bank makes are paid to the US Treasury. The money is not taken out of circulation, but the Federal Reserve determines how much is in circulation anyway. **Long Answer:** Your question is a little confusing, so I'm going to give you a basic explanation of how the Federal Reserve... |
The atoms of certain elements, such as Plutonium-239, have their nuclei spontaneously fission, producing two smaller nuclei and some extra particles, and those extra particles can make more nuclei fission. If you have a small amount of Pu-239 then most of the neutrons fly out of it without making more fissions, so it's... |
We know and understand how radioactive decay works. We can graph it and the graph always looks the same. The time scale might change depending on the element but the actual decay graph ALWAYS looks like the same curve. So the curve is the key. We can take 2 measurements with a known time interval. look at the decay bet... |
Normally your body does a good job of getting rid of your everyday bacterial infections. You might have several colonies of harmful bacteria thriving inside your body but you won't even notice. However, when your immunity system is busy dealing with a widespread viral outbreak, like the flu, bacteria might take advanta... |
As a child, you are frequently exposed to new situations and stimuli, and as a result must constantly determine what an appropriate response to these situations would be. As a result, you are forced to live quite literally 'in the moment'. The amount of sensory information that your brain is processing results in the i... |
It is because you have to be fitted for the contacts. The doctor has to make sure they fit right. If they don't fit, the contacts might be blurry, they might come out easily, or they might tear/injure your eye. URL_0 |
It's not an explosion. It's a loud boom that sounds like an explosion, but nothing is actually exploding. What's happening is that as the plane moves, it creates sound waves. As the plane accelerates closer and closer to the speed of sound, the sound waves that are already in front of the plane cannot outrun the plane ... |
95% is a number that was thrown out there and got repeated enough that it stuck around. It's not actually a measurement of anything scientific as far as I know. The real answer is that the vast majority of our neurological processes are subconscious, but we don't really have a good way of quantifying it yet. A lot of w... |
Over time organic matter comes to rest on the ground and is then decomposed, mostly by fungus. This forms new dirt on top of the current ground level. Over time this causes the "ground" to raise up. It's the reason why dinosaur fossils are deep underground and not on the surface. |
Just because there was no modern medicine doesn't mean there was no medicine at all. 250 years ago was only 1767. Doctors didn't have antibiotics, but they did have herbs, tonics, etc. that could help with different illnesses. They were less effective than what we have now, but they weren't totally useless. Doctors cou... |
Often times these drugs kill ones ego which, in a way can be similar to a reset button on some people. The idea behind it's practicality is that if you suffer from PTSD or something similar, it could 'reset' you. There is virtually no research on and the site you were on is *extremely* biased. Does it work? Nobody real... |
Cramps are strong, involuntary, contractions of the affected muscle(s), often caused by a lack of electrolytes. One way to combat cramps in the short term, is to take a dehydrating formula, such as those designed for diarrhea. Muscle wants to stay contracted, often fighting against an opposing muscle and causing pain a... |
Snow is ice. It's just tiny frozen particles of water pulled from the moisture in the atmosphere. Snow is ice, it is created when water droplets are falling through cold atmosphere causing crystalline structures to form. These crystalline structures are what snow is. You can also get sleet which is basically ice balls.... |
A person's willingness to pay for it. Just like when you go to the supermarket and choose to buy item X but item Y is too expensive. Stocks are the same thing; I have a bunch of stock for company A and want to sell it; I want to get as much money as possible for it whereas anyone trying to buy it wants to get it for a ... |
why do mods cringe when people refuse to search the archive? |
1. You're conflating mega/giga BITS with mega/giga BYTES. 1 GigaBIT (if you had a gigabit connection) is 125 megaBYTES. 7200RPM hard drives can get 70-90MB/s so even without a SSD you'll get pretty close. SSDs can get ridiculously fast, even consumer ones. Example: Intel 750 series drives can get a sequential write spe... |
The worth of an individual unit of currency is unrelated to the wealth of a country. We might measure US currency in pennies rather than dollars or thousandths of a penny, but it doesn't change the average wage or the comparative value with other currencies. It is like asking how you can measure in feet rather than met... |
You might want to hold off on the explanation. Your nipples and penis get darker when you go through puberty. The sex hormones cause a surge in Melanin (which is the pigmentation in your hair and skin). I remember a guy was trying to sext me and sent me a picture of his member and instead of oohing over it I asked him ... |
Well you utilize smell a lot when you are tasting, but you still have your tongue that is receipting sweet, sour, salty, spicy and bitter. With soap and candles and that kind of thing, the smell of it is not strong enough to cover up the fact that your tongue isn't getting any sweet, salty, etc - only bitter or nothing... |
I'm the wrong kind of scientist to know for sure, but I think it has to do with whether the food is exposed to enough air to dry it out before the bacteria can make it moldy/soggy. |
The dissolved oxygen out gasses. It is the same reason why a fish tank has an air pump as the fish need oxygenated water to breathe, we just notice a change in water taste. Also the dissolved CO2 content increases making the water more acidic. It could be do to the slight change in ph, carbon dioxide gas is diffusing i... |
Even at 1atm of pressure and below 100C, water exists at an equilibrium between a liquid phase and a vapor phase. So while it is not boiling, water still will evaporates or condense until the equilibrium is achieved. For further reading, check out [Wikipedia's page on vapor pressure]( URL_0 ) |
The answer to your question is a little difficult to boil down since there are multiple types of allergy, the common thing being "The immune system reacts as if the allergen is a dangerous foreign body, instead of the rather harmless molecule that it is." Types: *Type 1* happens when you produce antibodies towards the ... |
I actually asked the same question back when I was taking Bio. The answer is that the chromosome isn't totally inactivated, just mostly. ~10% of the genes on an inactivated X chromosome will still be expressed. I don't know much about which ones specifically are still active, but some of these genes are "pseudo-autosom... |
It is VERY energy intensive and expensive to do. Not to say it isn't being done, San Diego spent millions to make a plant just for that very thing, but it isn't anywhere near as easy to do on a scale that is viable as most people believe. Because that only solves part of the problem. Most of the water distribution infr... |
Pain is a defense mechanism. The more severe the pain, the more your body does NOT want that part to be damaged in that way. Also, bodies are evolved to have the highest chance of having successful offspring. If your genitals are damaged, the chance of successful offspring goes to 0%, so it's the body's highest priorit... |
By some definitions, we already have. We can create 100% artificial DNA, use it to replace the DNA in a single celled organism, and get a new, novel lifeform that uses that synthetic DNA. What we can't do is create everything from scratch, we still need a natural organism to kick start it. The question is when does tha... |
[CGP Grey does a good video about this]( URL_0 ). To summarize, the Americas had diseases, but they did not have plagues. Diseases can kill you, but they do so slowly and do not spread easily. Plagues will spread fast and kill fast, wiping out the population. The Europeans brought over a lot of plagues, but received no... |
The same reason it works for a lot of technology. When you power on your router it loads its base firmware and your configuration from nonvolatile memory into volatile memory. This load represents the router in its perfect state. Then it goes to work. Inevitably on a long enough time line with enough work going on, the... |
You have that completely wrong :) So this is going to go a little more indepth than you probably need, but its good to understand what is happening. When you take out a loan for lets say $1000, it is going to come with an interest rate and a term. Now when you go ahead and start paying this loan off they have set up an... |
I'm answering in a more general sense since you didn't specify a specific city. In theory, it will provide for a basic level of income to each person so that they're making enough for essentials - food, a roof over their head, transportation, etc. The exact ramifications are up for debate and honestly, nobody knows for... |
I don't think we understand the functioning of the brain well enough to be able to pinpoint the biological bases of individual beliefs and their changes. |
So if the laundry is wet, and the air dry (well more dry than the laundry anyway) the moisture will slowly evaporate into the less wet air even if the air is totally still. Having the wind blowing helps to speed up this process by constantly bringing drier air to the fabric. And a bit of sunshine helps to warm the clot... |
Well, have you submitted your FAFSA yet? That is how you apply to federal loans and grants. It's usually a requirement to apply for scholarships and grants available from your state and also the school you're applying to. > just turn in your FAFSA That's really where you have to start. It's a standardized federal form ... |
Aquagenic Urticaria: We don't know what causes it. It is *not* thought to be an allergy to water and it's not clear it's even an allergy. I will post a link to some of the proposed mechanisms below as they are way beyond ELI5. One of the major hypothesis is that the water reacts with a substance in the skin, producing ... |
Umberto's answer is correct, I just want to give an example. Let's take a company, let's randomly call it Cookie Cola, and say that it's a very large multinational soft drink company. They manufacture and bottle their drinks locally, so in the country Randomnamistan, there is a Cookie Cola Randomnamistan division. They... |
Three guys named Volta, Ohm and Ampere did some early discoveries on electricity. It was soon discovered that voltage, amps and ohms have a direct relationship to each other. |
> It seems like the obvious answer would be that's the number of digits on hands, but is that actually true? Yes, mostly. ~~The Romans had a base 5 number system because of 5 digits on each hand. That is why V became 5, X:10, L:50, C:100, etc.~~ *EDIT: [Apparently is is some sort of bastardized, non positional base-10 ... |
How far apart are they? if they are a modest distance a part, the bullets would collide (assuming everything is identical between the guns and the ammo used) in the middle either causing them to fall where they impact or more likely ricochet in some unknown direction due to minor flaws in each. If the barrels are touch... |
There is a quantity of water inside the kernel. When heated, the water turns to steam. Steam being much less dense than water, the pressure causes the fun explosion. |
Let's say you observe the sun at noon (sun at highest point in sky), standing on the same spot, every day for one year. You measure the sun's angle from the horizon using an astrolabe, Jacob's staff, quadrant, octant, sextant, etc. Throughout the year, you will notice that sun is sometimes further from the horizon, and... |
I assume you mean specifically in relation to the pupil. Various pupil shapes have different advantages. The circular pupil is quite energy efficient to construct and operate (less muscles needed to constrict). Other animals have different requirements (e.g. slits for nocturnal, vertical for predator and horizontal for... |
Muscles in your back cramping, most likely. They've been working hard all day to stabilize your body while upright, now they're suddenly no longer being used. Like a runners leg muscles might cramp after finishing a long race. |
Lots of electronic devices have capacitors, which store a little bit of energy. It usually takes 10 seconds to empty all of these capacitors to fully turn off your device. 30 seconds is really just a generous amount to be almost certain. Temporary settings and data are often stored in RAM, which requires power to funct... |
I would imagine it has to do some with social conditioning. If everyone looked down when they tried to remember something, others would likely learn that particular habit and mirror it. Another possibility may be most times looking up will physically limit the amount of stimulus in your view. Less visual cues to distra... |
Even though plastic screens don't crack and cost less, glass screens are more durable in the end. Glass cracks sure, but they don't get scratched as much, which is mostly what happens. Most phones are scratched more often than cracked so it's better in the long run. Think if you had to put your phone in the same pocket... |
Animals have an imperfect concept of time, compared to us. We have very strong episodic memory. So they don't abstractly think about the time the way we do. When you are missing your dog is anxious about that, my dog's thresh-hold for this is very short because he is a neurotic mess. But he knows that if the girlfriend... |
Modern power grids are largely self regulating for small changes in supply vs demand. Rarely is any one generator fixed on a single level of output. The amount that each generator adjusts it's output depends on several factors such as size and fuel type. Moment to moment fluctuations have negligible impact however, sud... |
Basically, if you invent something the government gives you temporary exclusive rights to produce that thing, in exchange for telling the public exactly how it works. Basically, they exist to promote innovation. Inventors are motivated by the prospect of having a monopoly on their product (and not having their idea sto... |
When you do a work out, the muscles that are being worked develop tiny microscopic tears in them. Then, they begin to fill these gaps with new muscle tissue, which is how your muscles get bigger over time. The soreness is from these tears, and the numbness is likely fatigue from the workout, or lactic acid build up. Yo... |
We don't know what consciousness is... like at all. We have no idea why anesthesia works for instance. We don't have a real solid idea of why we sleep even. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.