trace/ScienceQA/dev.json

[
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an adult great white shark?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 4 meters\nB. 4 centimeters\nC. 4 kilometers\nD. 4 millimeters\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 4 meters.\n4 millimeters and 4 centimeters are too short. 4 kilometers is too long."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Figaro's phenotype for the ear type trait?\n\nHint:\nIn a group of American curl cats, some individuals have curled ears and others have straight ears. In this group, the gene for the ear type trait has two alleles. The allele E is for curled ears, and the allele e is for straight ears.\nFigaro, an American curl cat from this group, has curled ears. Figaro has one allele for curled ears and one allele for straight ears.\n\nChoices:\nA. curled ears\nB. Ee\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAll organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Figaro's observable version of the ear type trait is curled ears. So, Figaro's phenotype for the ear type trait is curled ears."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\nChoices:\nA. Raspberry bushes have green leaves.\nB. Howler monkeys eat leaves, fruit, and nuts.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nPlants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.A howler monkey is an animal. It eats leaves, fruit, and nuts.\nA howler monkey's tail can be longer than the rest of its body!\nA raspberry bush is a plant. It has green leaves.\nMost raspberries are red. But raspberries can also be purple or yellow."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Brendan acquired this trait?\n\nHint:\nRead the description of a trait.\nBrendan speaks two languages.\n\nChoices:\nA. Brendan's mother speaks one language.\nB. Brendan learned to speak two languages in school.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nPamela has a scar on her right hand.\n\nHint:\nHint: Most scars are caused by accidents during a person's life.\n\nChoices:\nA. inherited\nB. acquired\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, oxygen is a ().\n\nHint:\nThis passage describes a chemical reaction. Read the passage. Then, follow the instructions below.\nThe Space Shuttle program sent astronauts on 135 missions using a fleet of five shuttles between 1981 and 2011. The engines of each shuttle, like other modern rocket engines, used liquid hydrogen as fuel. When liquid hydrogen combines with liquid oxygen, an enormous amount of energy is released, along with water vapor. The shuttles used this energy to launch into space.\n\nChoices:\nA. reactant\nB. product\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to oxygen in this chemical reaction.\nThe Space Shuttle program sent astronauts on 135 missions using a fleet of five shuttles between 1981 and 2011. The engines of each shuttle, like other modern rocket engines, used liquid hydrogen as fuel. When liquid hydrogen combines with liquid oxygen, an enormous amount of energy is released, along with water vapor. The shuttles used this energy to launch into space.\nThe underlined text tells you that when hydrogen and oxygen combine, water is formed. When hydrogen and oxygen react, or go through a chemical change, their atoms are rearranged to form water. Because oxygen reacts in this chemical reaction, oxygen is a reactant."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a song?\n\nChoices:\nA. \"hold Me near\"\nB. \"Hold Me Near\"\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nIn a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, orCapitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is \"Hold Me Near.\""
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nIf you don't mind waking up at the crack of dawn (or if you even prefer it), consider a career as a baker, a teacher, or an investment banker.\n\nChoices:\nA. You have to wake up at sunset.\nB. You have to wake up very early.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom at the crack of dawn suggests that you have to wake up very early. Dawn is the beginning of the day, so the idiom means very early."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nThe lighthouse horn moaned, and the sound traveled through the thick fog, reaching the sailors who were enveloped in the grayness.\n\nChoices:\nA. The horn made a long, low sound.\nB. The lighthouse was old and needed repairs.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nMoaned suggests that the horn made a long, low sound. A moan is a long, low sound that a person makes."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\nHint:\nHint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.\n\nChoices:\nA. comet moth\nB. black howler\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nVertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have a hard outer cover on their body. Other invertebrates have a soft body.A black howler is a mammal. Like other mammals, a black howler is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA comet moth is an insect. Like other insects, a comet moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\nChoices:\nA. Dear Dr. Durham,\nB. Dear dr. Durham,\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRoryThe second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. Durham is capitalized because it is a proper noun."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\nChoices:\nA. Mount Rushmore National Memorial\nB. zebra\nC. rainboot\nD. bathtub\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAll living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.Mount Rushmore National Memorial is not a living thing.\nThe Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture of four American presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The sculpture does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\nA rainboot is not a living thing.\nRainboots do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA zebra is a living thing.\nZebras grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Zebras are made up of many cells.\nA bathtub is not a living thing.\nBathtubs do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nAnimals produce waste, which ().\n\nChoices:\nA. their bodies cannot use\nB. all stays in the animal's body forever\nC. is used to help the animal grow\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nWaste is material within an animal's body that it cannot use. If waste builds up in an animal's body, it will make the animal sick. So, the waste must be removed.\nExcretion and elimination are two ways waste can be removed from an animal's body.\n Waste that is made by an animal's cells is removed by the excretory system. The waste in a cell comes from the breakdown of nutrients. Cells break down nutrients and make many different chemicals. The animal uses most of these chemicals to stay healthy. But cells also make some chemicals that the animal does not need. The release of unneeded chemicals as waste is called excretion. \n Waste that is left over from food is removed by the digestive system. The digestive system breaks down food and takes in small nutrient particles. Some parts of the food are left over after the nutrients are absorbed. These parts are waste. The anus releases this waste from the body. The release of waste left over from food is called elimination.Animals produce material that their bodies cannot use. This material is waste."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nA rock heating up in a campfire is a ().\n\nChoices:\nA. physical change\nB. chemical change\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nChemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.A rock heating up in a campfire is a physical change. The temperature of the rock goes up, but the rock is still made of the same type of matter."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word told on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nthree - tramp\n\nChoices:\nA. yes\nB. no\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince told is between the guide words three - tramp, it would be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at the lowest speed?\n\nChoices:\nA. a sailboat that moved 120kilometers east in 10hours\nB. a sailboat that moved 170kilometers south in 10hours\nC. a sailboat that moved 45kilometers south in 10hours\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nAn object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each sailboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each sailboat moved for 10 hours. The sailboat that moved 45 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at the lowest speed."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\nChoices:\nA. Thank you,\nEstelle\nB. Thank You,\nEstelle\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRoryThe first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Lollipop's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\nHint:\nIn a group of rock pocket mice, some individuals have dark fur and others have light fur. In this group, the gene for the fur color trait has two alleles. The allele F is for dark fur, and the allele f is for light fur.\nLollipop, a rock pocket mouse from this group, has dark fur. Lollipop has one allele for dark fur and one allele for light fur.\n\nChoices:\nA. dark fur\nB. Ff\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAll organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Lollipop's observable version of the fur color trait is dark fur. So, Lollipop's phenotype for the fur color trait is dark fur."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an apple?\n\nHint:\nSelect the better estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 80 kilograms\nB. 80 grams\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.The better estimate for the mass of an apple is 80 grams.\n80 kilograms is too heavy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Oxford has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Oxford's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\nChoices:\nA. The supply will probably go down.\nB. The supply will probably go up.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nOverall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Oxford. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhen was George Washington Carver born?\n\nChoices:\nA. the 1920s\nB. the 1810s\nC. the 1860s\nD. the 1770s\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nGeorge Washington Carver was born sometime between 1861 and 1865, during the Civil War. Historians do not know his exact birth date.\nGeorge Washington Carver was born on a farm in Missouri. He was born into slavery, but he became free at a young age. Slavery was banned in the United States a few months after the Civil War."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem,\" Dale joked with a yawn.\n\nChoices:\nA. Dale finds roosters amusing.\nB. Dale slept poorly.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Dale slept poorly. Dale was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nThe trucks begin to move at the same speed. Which truck needs a larger force to start moving?\n\nHint:\nTwo mail trucks are loaded with mail. The trucks are the same. But they are carrying different amounts of mail.\n\nChoices:\nA. a mail truck carrying 600 pounds of mail\nB. a mail truck carrying 250 pounds of mail\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.Look for the mail truck that is heavier.\nA mail truck carrying 600 pounds of mail is heavier than a mail truck carrying 250 pounds of mail. So, the mail truck carrying 600 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other mail truck."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\nHint:\nThe objects are identical except for their temperatures.\n\nChoices:\nA. a 180-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 65°F\nB. a 180-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 48°F\nC. a 180-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 47°F\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAll solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.All three bottles of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 65°F bottle of water is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nBecky is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\nChoices:\nA. compound\nB. complex\nC. simple\nD. compound-complex\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "D\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nBecky is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word fault on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nfifteen - flashlight\n\nChoices:\nA. yes\nB. no\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince fault is not between the guide words fifteen - flashlight, it would not be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is scratchier?\n\nChoices:\nA. gold nugget\nB. asphalt road\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nEvery object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.Scratchy is a property. A scratchy material is rough and itchy against your skin.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the asphalt road is scratchier. If you touch an asphalt road, it will feel rough and itchy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\nHint:\nThe objects are identical except for their temperatures.\n\nChoices:\nA. a 350-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 30°C\nB. a 350-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 75°C\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAll solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.The two mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 75°C mug of cocoa is hotter than the 30°C mug of cocoa, it has more thermal energy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a lower speed?\n\nChoices:\nA. a mountain biker who moved 145miles in 10hours\nB. a mountain biker who moved 200miles in 10hours\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAn object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne mountain biker moved 145 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other mountain biker moved 200 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 145 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a lower speed."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nBlood Falls in Antarctica's McMurdo Dry Valley gets its name from its famous crimson-colored water, which results from high concentrations of iron rusting as it comes into contact with the air.\n\nChoices:\nA. no\nB. yes\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nBlood Falls in Antarctica's McMurdo Dry Valley gets its name from its famous crimson-colored water, which results from high concentrations of iron rusting as it comes into contact with the air."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDenise said there's no way Scotland's Loch Ness Monster is real, but she's not even Scottish, so there's no way she could really know.\n\nChoices:\nA. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\nB. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nC. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\nThe text argues that Denise's claim that the Loch Ness Monster isn't real is not valid because she's not Scottish. This is a personal attack on Denise's background that isn't relevant to whether her claim is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMuch to our shock, Elijah chose to turn the other cheek when Dana insulted him in a meeting.\n\nChoices:\nA. the Bible\nB. a song\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAn allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.The source of the allusion turn the other cheek is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Jesus counsels his followers to resist retaliation. He says that if they are struck on the right cheek, they shouldn't lash out; instead, they should turn the other cheek toward their attacker.\nThe allusion turn the other cheek means to respond without aggression."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\nChoices:\nA. bite\nB. kite\nC. vote\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nRhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.The words bite and kite rhyme. They both end with the ite sound.\nThe word vote does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her sentence fluency?\nOur school needs to serve better food for lunch. Our lunches should be delicious. Our lunches should be nutritious. Our lunches should be satisfying. One way to achieve this would be to have a salad bar available. Salad bars can contain far more than just lettuce. Fresh fruits can be included in a salad bar. Fresh vegetables can be included. Different kinds of meats and cheeses can be included, too. Even pasta can be stocked in a salad bar. With these healthy options, students can make their own tasty lunches.\n\nChoices:\nA. by combining sentences containing related information\nB. by using shorter sentences\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nDuring peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?The writer could best improve his or her sentence fluency by combining sentences containing related information.\nFor example, the writer could combine the underlined groups of sentences into sentences like Our lunches should be delicious, nutritious, and satisfying and Fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, and different kinds of meats and cheeses can be included in a salad bar.\nOur school needs to serve better food for lunch. Our lunches should be delicious. Our lunches should be nutritious. Our lunches should be satisfying. One way to achieve this would be to have a salad bar available. Salad bars can contain far more than just lettuce. Fresh fruits can be included in a salad bar. Fresh vegetables can be included. Different kinds of meats and cheeses can be included, too. Even pasta can be stocked in a salad bar. With these healthy options, students can make their own tasty lunches."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an apple?\n\nHint:\nSelect the better estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 105 kilograms\nB. 105 grams\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.The better estimate for the mass of an apple is 105 grams.\n105 kilograms is too heavy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Rosa rode down the hill.\n\nHint:\nRead the text about an object in motion.\nOn a snowy day, Rosa rode her sled down a big hill.\n\nChoices:\nA. stayed the same\nB. decreased\nC. increased\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nGravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the sameThink about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Rosa started sledding. As Rosa rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Rosa rode down the hill."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word travel on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntogether - tug\n\nChoices:\nA. yes\nB. no\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince travel is between the guide words together - tug, it would be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBuilding a tower out of magnetic blocks is a ().\n\nChoices:\nA. chemical change\nB. physical change\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nMatter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.Building a tower out of magnetic blocks is a physical change. The blocks stick to each other to form a tower. But the blocks are still made of the same type of matter as before."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nSouthern California usually gets strong winds in the fall and winter. People call them Santa Ana winds.\n\nHint:\nHint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.\n\nChoices:\nA. climate\nB. weather\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nThe atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.Read the text carefully.\nSouthern California usually gets strong winds in the fall and winter. People call them Santa Ana winds.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern in Southern California. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\nHint:\nIsaac Newton was born in the 1600s and studied how objects move. He discovered three fundamental laws about forces and motion. According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force.\nConsider the following force:\nMarie's foot is pushing on her car's gas pedal.\n\nChoices:\nA. The gas pedal is pulling on Marie's foot.\nB. The gas pedal is pushing on Marie's foot.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAccording to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.Marie's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Marie's foot."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\nChoices:\nA. stalactite\nB. brick wall\nC. pear tree\nD. mug\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nAll living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.A pear tree is a living thing.\nPear trees grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Pear trees are made up of many cells.\nPear trees are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nA mug is not a living thing.\nMugs do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA brick wall is not a living thing.\nBrick walls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA stalactite is not a living thing.\nA stalactite does not have all the traits of a living thing. It contains minerals that formed slowly over many years. But it does not need food or water."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that Logan's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between Logan and Earth () as he hiked toward the summit.\n\nHint:\nRead the text about a person in motion.\nLogan hiked up a tall mountain. He followed a trail all the way to the summit.\n\nChoices:\nA. increased\nB. decreased\nC. stayed the same\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nGravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the sameThink about how the distance between Logan and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Logan started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Logan and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Logan and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a soccer field?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 360 miles\nB. 360 inches\nC. 360 yards\nD. 360 feet\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "D\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 360 feet.\n360 inches is too short. 360 yards and 360 miles are too long."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\nChoices:\nA. Mosquitoes can walk and fly.\nB. Fir trees have green leaves.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nPlants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.A fir tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nThe leaves of fir trees are called needles.\nA mosquito is an animal. It drinks nectar and fruit juice.\nA mosquito is an insect. Only female mosquitoes drink blood."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work?\nSherwood, Chris. \"How Do Teenagers Build Credit?\" eHow. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.\n\nChoices:\nA. It was published on February 24, 2015.\nB. It doesn't have a date of publication.\nC. eHow is the publisher.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nWhen writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\nLook closely at the Works Cited entry:\nSherwood, Chris. \"How Do Teenagers Build Credit?\" eHow. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.\nYou can tell that the cited work has no available publication date because the entry contains the abbreviation n.d., which means no date of publication."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Wayne lives, the wind often blows in from the nearby hills.\n\nHint:\nHint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.\n\nChoices:\nA. climate\nB. weather\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nThe atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.Read the text carefully.\nWhere Wayne lives, the wind often blows in from the nearby hills.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Wayne lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nNicholas's '64 Impala groaned as he turned the ignition. Yet again he resolved to refurbish it over the summer.\n\nChoices:\nA. simile\nB. personification\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nNicholas's '64 Impala groaned describes the car as if it were human."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nAlana's shoes are superior, because they're made from one hundred percent snakeskin, not synthetic materials.\n\nChoices:\nA. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea\nB. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\nThe text argues that Alana's shoes are the best, because they're made with snakeskin rather than synthetic materials. However, even though the shoes are made from snakes, that doesn't necessarily mean that they are better. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word forgot on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nfalse - fro\n\nChoices:\nA. yes\nB. no\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince forgot is between the guide words false - fro, it would be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following statement true or false?\nAn animal cell has a cell wall.\n\nChoices:\nA. true\nB. false\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAn animal cell has a cell wall.\nThis statement is false. A plant cell has a cell wall, but an animal cell does not. The cell wall gives a plant cell its fixed shape. Most animal cells do not have a fixed shape."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\nChoices:\nA. Dear dr. larson,\nB. Dear Dr. Larson,\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRoryThe second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. Larson is capitalized because it is a proper noun."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nchase - compass\n\nChoices:\nA. captive\nB. circular\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince circular is between the guide words chase - compass, it would be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a surplus or a shortage of hammers?\n\nHint:\nHammers cost $12 each. The hardware store has 30 hammers for sale. At that price, 35 people want to buy one.\n\nChoices:\nA. surplus\nB. shortage\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nThere is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.At the current price, there are not enough hammers for sale. There are 30 hammers for sale, but 35 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a shortage of hammers."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Flopsy's phenotype for the ear type trait?\n\nHint:\nThis passage describes the ear type trait in rats:\n\nIn a group of rats, some individuals have normal ears and others have dumbo ears. In this group, the gene for the ear type trait has two alleles. The allele for normal ears (E) is dominant over the allele for dumbo ears (e).\nFlopsy is a rat from this group. Flopsy has the homozygous genotype ee for the ear type gene.\n\nChoices:\nA. normal ears\nB. dumbo ears\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAll organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.Flopsy's genotype for the ear type gene is ee. Flopsy's genotype of ee has only e alleles. The e allele is for dumbo ears. So, Flopsy's phenotype for the ear type trait must be dumbo ears.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Flopsy's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for normal ears (E) is dominant over the allele for dumbo ears (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nFlopsy's genotype of ee has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Flopsy's phenotype for the ear type trait must be dumbo ears."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word peruse in its traditional sense?\n\nChoices:\nA. Deion perused the nails in the hardware aisle for almost an hour, trying to figure out which type would be best for his project.\nB. Before returning to the stockroom, Deion briefly perused the nails in the hardware aisle to see if anything needed to be restocked.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nWords change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.The second text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail.\nDeion perused the nails in the hardware aisle for almost an hour, trying to figure out which type would be best for his project.\nThe first text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner.\nBefore returning to the stockroom, Deion briefly perused the nails in the hardware aisle to see if anything needed to be restocked.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\nChoices:\nA. Bridgette can eat the leftover tomato soup, or she can make herself a tuna sandwich.\nB. Open and honest communication is the foundation of a healthy relationship.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nOpen and honest communication is the foundation of a healthy relationship."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the scratchiest?\n\nChoices:\nA. sandpaper\nB. rubber balloons\nC. ceramic tea cup\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nEvery object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.Scratchy is a property. A scratchy material is rough and itchy against your skin.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the sandpaper is the scratchiest. If you touch a piece of sandpaper, it will feel rough and itchy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\nChoices:\nA. In most respects, stars are more interesting than planets.\nB. In terms of size and age, the Sun is an average star.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.The first sentence states a fact.\nIn terms of size and age, the Sun is an average star.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about the Sun and other stars.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nIn most respects, stars are more interesting than planets.\nMore interesting shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which are more interesting."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Kimba's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\nHint:\nIn a group of jaguars, some individuals have a black coat and others have a spotted coat. In this group, the gene for the coat pattern trait has two alleles. The allele for a spotted coat (a) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (A).\nKimba is a jaguar from this group. Kimba has the homozygous genotype aa for the coat pattern gene.\n\nChoices:\nA. a black coat\nB. a spotted coat\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAll organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.Kimba's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa. Kimba's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for a spotted coat. So, Kimba's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Kimba's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted coat (a) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nKimba's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Kimba's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a sandwich a good or a service?\n\nChoices:\nA. a good\nB. a service\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nEverything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.To decide whether a sandwich is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a sandwich something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a sandwich a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a sandwich is a good."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich professional objective on a résumé is more formal?\n\nChoices:\nA. I seek a position in the beauty field with an emphasis on client relations and sales.\nB. I would really enjoy being a makeup artist and selling makeup, too.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nInformal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.The second professional objective on a résumé is more formal. It uses more elevated language (a position in the beauty field, an emphasis on client relations). The other professional objective sounds more imprecise (really enjoy) and conversational."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nknitting yarn into a scarf\nusing a large magnet to remove pieces of iron from a junkyard\n\nChoices:\nA. Both are caused by cooling.\nB. Both are chemical changes.\nC. Both are only physical changes.\nD. Both are caused by heating.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nMatter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.Step 1: Think about each change.\nKnitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nUsing a large magnet to remove pieces of iron from a junkyard is a physical change. Both the iron and the magnet are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paper clip?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 29 millimeters\nB. 29 meters\nC. 29 centimeters\nD. 29 kilometers\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.The best estimate for the length of a paper clip is 29 millimeters.\n29 centimeters, 29 meters, and 29 kilometers are all too long."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\nChoices:\nA. Dear Uncle Ted,\nB. Dear uncle Ted,\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRoryThe first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Ted is capitalized because it is a proper noun."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Manchester. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Manchester?\n\nChoices:\nA. The supply probably went down.\nB. The supply probably went up.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nOverall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Mark lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\n\nHint:\nHint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.\n\nChoices:\nA. climate\nB. weather\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nThe atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.Read the text carefully.\nWhere Mark lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Mark lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Peck's genotype for the body feather color gene?\n\nHint:\nIn a group of budgerigar parakeets, some individuals have green body feathers and others have blue body feathers. In this group, the gene for the body feather color trait has two alleles. The allele B is for green body feathers, and the allele b is for blue body feathers.\nPeck, a budgerigar parakeet from this group, has blue body feathers. Peck has two alleles for blue body feathers.\n\nChoices:\nA. bb\nB. blue body feathers\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAll organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Peck has two alleles for blue body feathers (b). So, Peck's genotype for the body feather color gene is bb."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\nChoices:\nA. Swims happily in the beautiful coral reef.\nB. Emmet's family moved to a different state.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.Emmet's family moved to a different state is a complete sentence. The subject is Emmet's family, and the verb is moved."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nLast year, the city of Greenpoint allocated more money to public parks. This year, however, littering increased, so the increase in park funding must have been responsible.\n\nChoices:\nA. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\nB. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\nThe text argues that increased park funding was responsible for an increase in littering. However, even though littering increased after funding to parks was increased, that doesn't necessarily mean that the funding was responsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nBonnie gave me flowers for no reason.\n\nChoices:\nA. declarative\nB. exclamatory\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nThere are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem,\" Jim joked with a yawn.\n\nChoices:\nA. Jim slept well.\nB. Jim slept poorly.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Jim slept poorly. Jim was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Felix inherited this trait?\n\nHint:\nRead the description of a trait.\nFelix has naturally brown hair.\n\nChoices:\nA. Felix's biological mother often wears her naturally brown hair in a bun.\nB. Felix and his biological father have short hair.\nC. Felix and his siblings all have naturally straight hair.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\nChoices:\nA. Javier stacked a crate of oranges on top of the crate of lemons and checked both crates off his order sheet.\nB. Although she left her house early, Clare barely made it to the train station in time.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nJavier stacked a crate of oranges on top of the crate of lemons and checked both crates off his order sheet."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\noctopus - owl\n\nChoices:\nA. ox\nB. orbit\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince orbit is between the guide words octopus - owl, it would be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ann acquired this trait?\n\nHint:\nRead the description of a trait.\nAnn knows how to fly a plane.\n\nChoices:\nA. A pilot taught Ann how to fly a plane.\nB. Ann is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day.\nC. Ann can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nOf course the city is perfectly safe. Look at me—I've been living here for years and I'm fine!\n\nChoices:\nA. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nB. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\nThe text argues that the city is not dangerous. However, even though the speaker has never been in danger in the city, that doesn't necessarily mean that everyone in the city is always safe. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hammer?\n\nHint:\nSelect the better estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 8 inches\nB. 8 yards\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.The better estimate for the length of a hammer is 8 inches.\n8 yards is too long."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a walk across Central Park in New York City?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 2 millimeters\nB. 2 meters\nC. 2 kilometers\nD. 2 centimeters\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.The best estimate for the length of a walk across Central Park in New York City is 2 kilometers.\n2 millimeters, 2 centimeters, and 2 meters are all too short."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word travesty in its traditional sense?\n\nChoices:\nA. Darren realized that his essay about the Space Race was a bit inaccurate, but he still thought it a travesty that such an entertaining essay should receive a poor grade.\nB. Darren's ill-researched essay about the Space Race received a poor grade because it presented such a travesty of the actual historical events.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nWords change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.The first text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody.\nDarren's ill-researched essay about the Space Race received a poor grade because it presented such a travesty of the actual historical events.\nThe second text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy.\nDarren realized that his essay about the Space Race was a bit inaccurate, but he still thought it a travesty that such an entertaining essay should receive a poor grade.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nclear - crooked\n\nChoices:\nA. chimney\nB. convince\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince convince is between the guide words clear - crooked, it would be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Danville has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Danville's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\nChoices:\nA. The supply will probably go up.\nB. The supply will probably go down.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nOverall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Danville. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Devin acquired this trait?\n\nHint:\nRead the description of a trait.\nDevin knows how to do tricks with a jump rope.\n\nChoices:\nA. Devin has three jump ropes, each made of a different material.\nB. Devin won a competition at his school with his jump rope tricks.\nC. Devin's sister taught him how to do tricks with a jump rope.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nEmmet carefully spelled the word aloud.\n\nChoices:\nA. past tense\nB. future tense\nC. present tense\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nPresent tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will goThe sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, spelled. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThe sky is clear today. So, Erik thinks the air pressure must be high.\n\nChoices:\nA. weather\nB. climate\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nThe atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.Read the text carefully.\nThe sky is clear today. So, Erik thinks the air pressure must be high.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is high, the sky is usually clear.\nThis passage tells you about the air pressure right now where Erik is. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nGo back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.\n—Martin Luther King, Jr., \"I Have a Dream\" speech\n\nChoices:\nA. anaphora\nB. apostrophe\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nKing repeats the words go back at the beginning of each clause."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the mollusk traits listed above.\n\nHint:\nMollusks are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify mollusks:\nThey have a soft body.\nThey have a muscular foot or tentacles. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.\n\nChoices:\nA. Earthworms live in soil and have no limbs. Their bodies are soft, cylindrical, and made up of many segments.\nB. Banana slugs have a soft body with a flat underside called the foot. Slugs use their muscular foot to move. Banana slugs also have small teeth on their tongue! These file-like teeth help banana slugs eat leaves and dead plants.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nScientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMollusks have the following traits:\nThey have a soft body.\nThey have a muscular foot or tentacles.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA banana slug has the following traits:\nIt has a soft body.\nIt has a muscular foot.\nA banana slug has the traits of a mollusk. A banana slug is a mollusk.\nAn earthworm has the following traits:\nIt has a soft, cylindrical body.\nIt has no limbs.\nIt is made up of segments.\nAn earthworm does not have all of the traits of a mollusk. An earthworm is a segmented worm."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Monica investigate with an experiment?\n\nHint:\nMonica leaves some chocolates in her jacket pocket. When she finds the chocolates later, she notices that some of them have melted. She wonders what factors affect how quickly chocolate melts. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available:\none bar of milk chocolate\none bar of dark chocolate\na stove\na pot\n\nChoices:\nA. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\nB. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?\nC. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nExperiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!"
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that has a backbone.\n\nHint:\nHint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians all have backbones.\n\nChoices:\nA. comet moth\nB. squirrel\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nSome animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.A comet moth is an insect. Like other insects, a comet moth does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA squirrel is a mammal. Like other mammals, a squirrel has a backbone."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nrain forming in a cloud\nwater boiling on a stove\n\nChoices:\nA. Both are caused by heating.\nB. Both are only physical changes.\nC. Both are caused by cooling.\nD. Both are chemical changes.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nMatter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.Step 1: Think about each change.\nRain forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets of liquid water. These droplets make up a cloud. When there is enough water in the air, the droplets will fall as rain.\nWater boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater boiling is caused by heating. But rain forming in a cloud is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nRain begins to form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water. This is caused by cooling. But water boiling is not."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWhen Pamela claimed she had loaded the dishwasher before turning on Dancing with the Stars, her mother replied, \"Your nose is growing!\"\n\nChoices:\nA. Pamela was lying.\nB. Pamela was goofy.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion nose is growing suggests that Pamela was lying. In the story of Pinocchio, when Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nI had no idea you played the piano so beautifully!\n\nChoices:\nA. interrogative\nB. exclamatory\nC. declarative\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nThere are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nwater evaporating from a lake\ndry ice sublimating and becoming a gas\n\nChoices:\nA. Both are caused by cooling.\nB. Both are caused by heating.\nC. Both are chemical changes.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nMatter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the text's most likely purpose?\n\nHint:\nRead the text below.\nDon't get caught in the rain! Buy two umbrellas and get a third for free! You'll love our new colors and patterns.\n\nChoices:\nA. to persuade\nB. to inform\nC. to entertain\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAuthors write texts for different purposes, or reasons. Common purposes for writing are to persuade, to inform, or to entertain readers.\nAuthors persuade by convincing readers to believe or do something.\nAn advertisement tries to convince readers to buy a product.\nA political poster tries to convince readers to vote for someone.\nAuthors inform by telling readers about a topic or process.\nA news article explains something that happened.\nA recipe describes how to cook a dish.\nAuthors entertain by giving readers something to enjoy.\nA joke tries to make readers laugh.\nA poem tries to please readers.The text is an advertisement. Its purpose is to persuade."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\nChoices:\nA. In a beehive, a worker bee's job is more important than the queen's job.\nB. In a beehive, the queen lays eggs while the workers guard the hive.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.The second sentence states a fact.\nIn a beehive, the queen lays eggs while the workers guard the hive.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about bees.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nIn a beehive, a worker bee's job is more important than the queen's job.\nMore important shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which job is more important."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe old wooden rocking chair that Ling brought home from the rummage sale was as comfortable as a bed of nails.\n\nChoices:\nA. alliteration\nB. verbal irony\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs comfortable as a bed of nails shows verbal irony because sitting on nails would not be comfortable."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a piano a good or a service?\n\nChoices:\nA. a service\nB. a good\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nEverything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.To decide whether a piano is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a piano something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a piano a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a piano is a good."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Wendy acquired this trait?\n\nHint:\nRead the description of a trait.\nWendy is good at identifying insects.\n\nChoices:\nA. Wendy likes to look at butterflies and beetles.\nB. Wendy learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text message is more formal?\n\nChoices:\nA. Ms. Ellis is already here. She's waiting in the lobby.\nB. Heads up! Ellis is here. In the lobby.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nInformal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Ellis). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAn avid reader, Pete attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n\nChoices:\nA. compound-complex\nB. simple\nC. compound\nD. complex\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Pete attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Natalie decides to make potato soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\nHint:\nNatalie is deciding whether to make beef barley soup or potato soup for dinner. She wants dinner to be as tasty as possible. But she is also hungry and wants to eat soon.\n\nChoices:\nA. Natalie will save some time. The beef barley soup would have taken longer to make than the potato soup.\nB. Natalie will give up the chance to eat the beef barley soup, which would have been tastier than the potato soup.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nBefore you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Natalie wants or needs:\nNatalie will give up the chance to eat the beef barley soup, which would have been tastier than the potato soup."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word hit on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nhard - hearth\n\nChoices:\nA. yes\nB. no\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hit is not between the guide words hard - hearth, it would not be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\nHint:\nHint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.\n\nChoices:\nA. panda\nB. golden orb-weaver\nC. weaver ant\nD. atlas moth\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nVertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.Like other spiders, a golden orb-weaver is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA weaver ant is an insect. Like other insects, a weaver ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nAn atlas moth is an insect. Like other insects, an atlas moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA panda is a mammal. Like other mammals, a panda is a vertebrate. It has a backbone."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nNow that I'm an adult, I love my job and work hard at it. But when I was younger, I was a little motivationally challenged. I just couldn't see the payoff that might come from hard work.\n\nChoices:\nA. paradox\nB. euphemism\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nMotivationally challenged is an indirect way of saying lazy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Erin acquired this trait?\n\nHint:\nRead the description of a trait.\nErin is good at identifying insects.\n\nChoices:\nA. Erin likes to look at butterflies and beetles.\nB. Erin learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a blender?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 50 gallons\nB. 50 cups\nC. 50 fluid ounces\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.The best estimate for the volume of a blender is 50 fluid ounces.\n50 cups and 50 gallons are both too much."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWith malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in.\n—President Abraham Lincoln, second inaugural address\n\nChoices:\nA. apostrophe\nB. anaphora\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nLincoln repeats the word with at the beginning of each phrase."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nNext winter is expected to be colder and snowier than usual. Producers expect the demand for ski boots to be high. What will probably happen to the overall supply of ski boots?\n\nChoices:\nA. The supply will probably go up.\nB. The supply will probably go down.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nOverall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.Producers expect a cold and snowy winter season. They know that people like to ski when there is a lot of snow. They also know that many of these skiers will need to buy ski boots. So, there is an expected change in demand for ski boots. Producers want to sell as many of the ski boots as they can. So, the supply of ski boots will probably go up."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Brandon investigate with an experiment?\n\nHint:\nBrandon is washing dishes after cooking his dinner. He notices that some of the dishes still feel oily after being washed. He wonders what factors affect how clean dishes are after they are washed. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:\na sponge\nliquid dish detergent\na bar of soap\nhot water\ncold water\na pile of dirty dishes\n\nChoices:\nA. Are dishes washed in a dishwasher cleaner than dishes washed by hand?\nB. Are dishes cleaner when washed with a soapy sponge or with a soapy rag?\nC. Are dishes cleaner when washed with liquid dish detergent or with bar soap?\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nExperiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!"
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"Someone had better turn on the heat,\" Nicole said, sweat glistening on her face.\n\nChoices:\nA. The temperature was just right.\nB. The temperature was too warm.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSomeone had better turn on the heat ironically suggests that the temperature was too warm. Nicole did not think that more heat was needed; she was already sweating."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three cars. Which car was moving at the lowest speed?\n\nChoices:\nA. a car that moved 220miles south in 5hours\nB. a car that moved 195miles east in 5hours\nC. a car that moved 210miles east in 5hours\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAn object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each car moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each car moved for 5 hours. The car that moved 195 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at the lowest speed."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her ideas and development?\nShade-grown coffee is better for the environment than coffee grown in full sun. Coffee naturally grows in shade. However, in the 1990s, farmers began cultivating hybrid coffee plants that grew in full sun because they produced higher yields. These sun-loving plants have harmed the environment in many ways. Now there are huge full-sun coffee plantations where small, shady farms once stood.\n\nChoices:\nA. by including more background information on the plantations\nB. by addressing an opposing point of view\nC. by including evidence to support the claim\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nDuring peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?The writer could best improve his or her ideas and development by including evidence to support the claim.\nFor example, the writer could support the underlined text with examples that show how shade-grown coffee is better for the environment and sun-grown coffee is damaging.\nShade-grown coffee is better for the environment than coffee grown in full sun. Coffee naturally grows in shade. However, in the 1990 s, farmers began cultivating hybrid coffee plants that grew in full sun because they produced higher yields. These sun-loving plants have harmed the environment in many ways. Now there are huge full-sun coffee plantations where small, shady farms once stood."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Owen decides to plant the daffodils. Which result would be a cost?\n\nHint:\nOwen is deciding whether to plant daffodils or an elm tree in his backyard. He wants to make his backyard more beautiful. But he also wants to leave space for doing fun things.\n\nChoices:\nA. He will save some space. The daffodils will use up less space than the elm tree would have used up.\nB. Owen will give up the chance to look at the elm tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the daffodils.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nBefore you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Owen wants or needs:\nOwen will give up the chance to look at the elm tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the daffodils."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nTori rubbed coconut oil on her hands, which were like the parched earth during a drought.\n\nChoices:\nA. Tori's hands were dry and cracked.\nB. Tori's hands were hot.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Tori's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhen was Harriet Tubman born?\n\nChoices:\nA. the 1820s\nB. the 1610s\nC. the 1910s\nD. the 1490s\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nHarriet Tubman was born in the 1820 s. She was born about 40 years before the Civil War. The Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865.\nDuring the 1820 s, slavery was still allowed. It was also spreading into new parts of the country. Many people worried that it might last forever."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sugar cube has more thermal energy?\n\nHint:\nTwo sugar cubes are identical except for their temperatures.\n\nChoices:\nA. the hotter sugar cube\nB. the colder sugar cube\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nMatter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.The two sugar cubes are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter sugar cube has more thermal energy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nBefore I refute my opponent's argument, I would like to draw attention to the fact that he is sweating and clearly does not have much experience on the debate team.\n\nChoices:\nA. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nB. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\nC. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\nThe text argues that the speaker's debate opponent is sweaty and inexperienced. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the opponent's argument is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\nChoices:\nA. Brass is made by humans. It is not a pure substance.\nB. Shale is a solid. It is not a pure substance.\nC. Granodiorite is not a pure substance. It is a solid.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nRocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nBrass is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, brass is not a rock.\nGranodiorite is a rock.\nShale is a rock."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich letter opening is more formal?\n\nChoices:\nA. Dear Mr. Tran,\nB. Dear Dan,\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nInformal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a newspaper?\n\nChoices:\nA. The Post and mail\nB. The Post and Mail\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nIn a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, orCapitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word and is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Post and Mail."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncause - clump\n\nChoices:\nA. cork\nB. cent\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince cent is between the guide words cause - clump, it would be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs cold weather approaches, you must protect your water pipes against freezing, or they can rupture and cause significant damage to your home.\n\nChoices:\nA. complex\nB. compound-complex\nC. compound\nD. simple\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs cold weather approaches, you must protect your water pipes against freezing, or they can rupture and cause significant damage to your home."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three geese. Which goose was moving at the highest speed?\n\nChoices:\nA. a goose that moved 675miles north in 10hours\nB. a goose that moved 575miles west in 10hours\nC. a goose that moved 765miles north in 10hours\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nAn object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each goose moved for 10 hours. The goose that moved 765 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the highest speed."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIt's an open secret that Brennan is writing a book based on his experiences living in Singapore. He never talks about it, but almost all his friends know.\n\nChoices:\nA. oxymoron\nB. apostrophe\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOpen secret is a contradiction, because open describes something that is freely or publicly known, and a secret is hidden."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\nChoices:\nA. pushpin\nB. robin\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. Living things use this energy to grow and change. All living things grow and change during their lives.\nAll living things sense changes in the world around them. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.A pushpin is not a living thing.\nPushpins do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to the world around them. They do not need food or water.\nA robin is a living thing.\nRobins grow and respond to the world around them. They need food and water."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\nChoices:\nA. Vacuoles are outside the nucleus of an animal cell.\nB. Mitochondria direct cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of a plant cell.\nC. Animal cells can have chloroplasts but do not have a nucleus.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\n"
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paper clip?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 26 millimeters\nB. 26 centimeters\nC. 26 meters\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.The best estimate for the length of a paper clip is 26 millimeters.\n26 centimeters and 26 meters are both too long."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWith the gutters clogged and water rising in the streets, Pam, who was watching the storm from her window, commented, \"We're going to need an ark to get out of here.\"\n\nChoices:\nA. Pam wants to protect her possessions.\nB. Pam thinks the storm will cause major flooding.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Pam thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a simile?\n\nChoices:\nA. Ken's eyes are as green as emeralds.\nB. Ken's eyes are bright green emeralds.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nSimiles and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.This sentence uses a simile:\nKen's eyes are as green as emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nKen's eyes are bright green emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared without the word like or as."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nSmall pieces of dust and rock are blown away by wind.\n\nChoices:\nA. erosion\nB. deposition\nC. meteorite crash\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\n"
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word income on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\niodine - its\n\nChoices:\nA. yes\nB. no\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince income is not between the guide words iodine - its, it would not be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter Gabrielle cooked and served a scrumptious dinner, Dad boasted that she is the Julia Child of our family.\n\nChoices:\nA. allusion\nB. pun\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nJulia Child alludes to the famous chef who is known for popularizing French cuisine in the United States."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAccording to Mr. Carter's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.\n\nChoices:\nA. The snoring occurs in bursts.\nB. The snoring is loud.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Carter's snoring."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\nChoices:\nA. Danny peeled the wrappers off of the blueberry muffins and then set them aside.\nB. Danny peeled the wrappers off of the blueberry muffins and then set the wrappers aside.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nWhen writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the wrappers or the blueberry muffins.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the wrappers.\nDanny peeled the wrappers off of the blueberry muffins and then set the wrappers aside."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nIt was the early afternoon of a sunshiny day with little winds playing hide-and-seek in it.\n—Katherine Mansfield, \"How Pearl Button Was Kidnapped\"\n\nChoices:\nA. There was very little wind.\nB. There were occasional gusts of wind.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nLittle winds playing hide-and-seek suggests that there were occasional gusts of wind. It brings to mind children alternately disappearing and reappearing."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a metaphor?\n\nChoices:\nA. Zeke's eyes are as green as emeralds.\nB. Zeke's eyes are bright green emeralds.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nSimiles and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.This sentence uses a metaphor:\nZeke's eyes are bright green emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nZeke's eyes are as green as emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared using the word as."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\nChoices:\nA. Dr. Alexander and her team traveled by horseback to a remote village that had no modern medical services.\nB. Dr. Alexander and her team took horses and went to a place that had no modern medical services.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nFormal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\nThe first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (took, went).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nYour breath becoming visible on a cold day is a ().\n\nChoices:\nA. chemical change\nB. physical change\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nMatter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.Your breath becoming visible on a cold day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in your breath touches the cold air outside and becomes liquid. The water vapor changes state, but it is made of water. A different type of matter is not formed."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\nChoices:\nA. sweet\nB. ride\nC. meet\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nRhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.The words sweet and meet rhyme. They both end with the eet sound.\nThe word ride does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich announcement is more formal?\n\nChoices:\nA. The Centerville Law Firm is so happy to tell you . . .\nB. The Centerville Law Firm is pleased to announce . . .\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nInformal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.The first announcement is more formal. It uses more elevated language (pleased to announce). The other announcement sounds more conversational (so happy)."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nSnails growing shells is a ().\n\nChoices:\nA. physical change\nB. chemical change\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nMatter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.Snails growing shells is a chemical change. A snail's body uses calcium from its food to make a new molecule called calcium carbonate. This calcium carbonate is used to grow the shell."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe Kramer family is going to spend two weeks in Ocean City, but for Jim it will be a working vacation, since he'll be checking in with the office every day.\n\nChoices:\nA. oxymoron\nB. hyperbole\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\nChoices:\nA. ***A Boat to Nowhere***\nB. \"A Boat to Nowhere\"\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nThe title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **A Boat to Nowhere**."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\nChoices:\nA. They have discovered that sleep has more than just restorative functions. For example, it plays a significant role in strengthening and solidifying memories.\nB. Neuroscientists have discovered that sleep has more than just restorative functions. For example, it plays a significant role in strengthening and solidifying memories.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nWhen writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with neuroscientists.\nNeuroscientists have discovered that sleep has more than just restorative functions. For example, it plays a significant role in strengthening and solidifying memories."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Beth acquired this trait?\n\nHint:\nRead the description of a trait.\nBeth knows how to make chili.\n\nChoices:\nA. When Beth was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers.\nB. Beth learned how to make chili from a recipe book.\nC. Beth's friends like to make chili with her.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\nChoices:\nA. The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Richard literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain.\nB. The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Richard's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nWords change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Richard literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain.\nThe first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Richard's mouth may be in pain, but it is not actually on fire.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Richard's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\nChoices:\nA. The American Philatelic Society is a group for stamp collectors.\nB. Canadian geese are flying south, so winter must be coming.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nCanadian geese are flying south, so winter must be coming."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the prairie grassland ecosystem.\n\nChoices:\nA. This ecosystem has:\nhot summers and cool winters\na medium amount of rain\nsoil that is rich in nutrients\nB. This ecosystem has:\nlong, cold winters and short, cold summers\nmostly small plants\nsoil that is frozen year-round\nC. This ecosystem has:\nyear-round rain and warm temperatures\nsoil that is poor in nutrients\nmany different types of organisms\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAn environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live thereA prairie grassland is a type of ecosystem. It has hot summers and cool winters, a medium amount of rain, and soil that is rich in nutrients.\nChoice 1 is a prairie grassland ecosystem. It has hot summers with some rain and cool winters with some snow.\nChoice 2 is a tropical rain forest ecosystem. It has year-round rain and soil that is poor in nutrients.\nChoice 3 is a tundra ecosystem. It is cold, dry, and rocky. Tundras have permafrost, or soil that is frozen year-round."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her sentence fluency?\nIf I became student council president, I would make significant changes at my school. I would help my fellow students by being the voice of the student body and communicating openly and effectively with the principal, board of education, school faculty and staff, and parents. For example, I would make every effort to represent students' interests on issues such as mobile phones in the classroom, healthy lunch options in the cafeteria, and improved showers and lockers in our gymnasium. In addition, I would focus on organizing more social events for students, including talent shows, sports tournaments, fashion shows, dances with exciting themes, and battle of the band competitions.\n\nChoices:\nA. by combining sentences containing related information\nB. by varying sentence length\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nDuring peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?The writer could best improve his or her sentence fluency by varying sentence length.\nFor example, the writer could shorten the underlined sentences to make the text read more smoothly.\nIf I became student council president, I would make significant changes at my school. I would help my fellow students by being the voice of the student body and communicating openly and effectively with the principal, board of education, school faculty and staff, and parents. For example, I would make every effort to represent students' interests on issues such as mobile phones in the classroom, healthy lunch options in the cafeteria, and improved showers and lockers in our gymnasium. In addition, I would focus on organizing more social events for students, including talent shows, sports tournaments, fashion shows, dances with exciting themes, and battle of the band competitions."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMaura has naturally red hair.\n\nHint:\nHint: Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\n\nChoices:\nA. inherited\nB. acquired\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Maura's hair color is an inherited trait."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two blue jays. Which blue jay was moving at a higher speed?\n\nChoices:\nA. a blue jay that moved 330kilometers in 10hours\nB. a blue jay that moved 315kilometers in 10hours\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAn object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.Look at the distance each blue jay moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne blue jay moved 330 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other blue jay moved 315 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each blue jay spent the same amount of time moving. The blue jay that moved 330 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that blue jay must have moved at a higher speed."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word travesty in its traditional sense?\n\nChoices:\nA. Because the bank robbers were acquitted on a technicality, many people called the trial's outcome a travesty of justice.\nB. Although no one was injured in the bank robbery, the event was a travesty for the bank.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nWords change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.The second text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody.\nBecause the bank robbers were acquitted on a technicality, many people called the trial's outcome a travesty of justice.\nThe first text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy.\nAlthough no one was injured in the bank robbery, the event was a travesty for the bank.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAisha is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\nChoices:\nA. complex\nB. compound-complex\nC. simple\nD. compound\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nAisha is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Raymond's phenotype for the Huntington's disease trait?\n\nHint:\nThis passage describes the Huntington's disease trait in humans:\n\nIn a group of humans, some individuals have Huntington's disease and others do not. In this group, the gene for the Huntington's disease trait has two alleles. The allele for having Huntington's disease (H) is dominant over the allele for not having Huntington's disease (h).\nRaymond is a human from this group. Raymond has the homozygous genotype HH for the Huntington's disease gene.\n\nChoices:\nA. not having Huntington's disease\nB. having Huntington's disease\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAll organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.Raymond's genotype for the Huntington's disease gene is HH. Raymond's genotype of HH has only H allelles. The H allele is for having Huntington's disease. So, Raymond's phenotype for the Huntington's disease trait must be having Huntington's disease.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Raymond's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having Huntington's disease (H) is dominant over the allele for not having Huntington's disease (h). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nRaymond's genotype of HH has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Raymond's phenotype for the Huntington's disease trait must be having Huntington's disease."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\nChoices:\nA. chair\nB. blur\nC. spur\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nRhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.The words spur and blur rhyme. They both end with the ur sound.\nThe word chair does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWhen Mona first joined the track team, she was afraid of jumping, but she got over that hurdle.\n\nChoices:\nA. verbal irony\nB. pun\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Felicia's genotype for the ear type gene?\n\nHint:\nIn a group of American curl cats, some individuals have curled ears and others have straight ears. In this group, the gene for the ear type trait has two alleles. The allele E is for curled ears, and the allele e is for straight ears.\nFelicia, an American curl cat from this group, has straight ears. Felicia has two alleles for straight ears.\n\nChoices:\nA. straight ears\nB. ee\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAll organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Felicia has two alleles for straight ears (e). So, Felicia's genotype for the ear type gene is ee."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nRoxanne can ride a motorcycle.\n\nChoices:\nA. inherited\nB. acquired\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nElizabeth claims that the Kensington Ferrets' new quarterback is better than their old one. I think Elizabeth is being unfair: the Ferrets' old quarterback wasn't a terrible player.\n\nChoices:\nA. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\nB. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\nC. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\nThe text argues that Elizabeth thinks the Ferrets' old quarterback was a terrible player. But this misrepresents Elizabeth's argument. Elizabeth only claims that the Ferrets' new quarterback is better. This argument doesn't necessarily imply that the old quarterback was a bad player. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nTrevor always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\n\nChoices:\nA. compound\nB. complex\nC. simple\nD. compound-complex\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nTrevor always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a poem?\n\nChoices:\nA. \"Casey at the Bat\"\nB. Casey at the Bat\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nThe title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"A poem should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Casey at the Bat.\""
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\nHint:\nThe objects are identical except for their temperatures.\n\nChoices:\nA. a stick of butter at a temperature of 60°F\nB. a stick of butter at a temperature of 49°F\nC. a stick of butter at a temperature of 43°F\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nAll solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.All three sticks of butter have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 43°F stick of butter is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\nChoices:\nA. green Eggs and ham\nB. Green Eggs and Ham\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nIn a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, orCapitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word and is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Green Eggs and Ham."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\nChoices:\nA. Molasses is not a pure substance. It is made in a factory.\nB. Magnetite is a pure substance. It is not made by living things.\nC. Hematite is not made by living things. It is a solid.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nMinerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be  minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter.  Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nMolasses is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.\nMolasses is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, molasses is not a mineral.\nMagnetite is a mineral.\nHematite is a mineral."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\nChoices:\nA. In 1900, the U.S. state with the largest population was New York.\nB. My assistant will distribute the report to everyone at the meeting while I make the introductions.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction while.\nMy assistant will distribute the report to everyone at the meeting while I make the introductions."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\nChoices:\nA. Dear grandma emma,\nB. Dear Grandma Emma,\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRoryThe first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandma Emma is capitalized because it is a proper noun."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\nChoices:\nA. Before Ken decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to them about the requirements for each major.\nB. Before Ken decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to academic advisers about the requirements for each major.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nWhen writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with academic advisers.\nBefore Ken decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to academic advisers about the requirements for each major."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nLisa plays soccer.\n\nHint:\nHint: Playing soccer takes practice.\n\nChoices:\nA. inherited\nB. acquired\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.People are not born knowing how to play soccer. Instead, some people learn how to play soccer. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing soccer is an acquired trait."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word snout on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsheep - spoil\n\nChoices:\nA. no\nB. yes\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince snout is between the guide words sheep - spoil, it would be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\nHint:\nThe objects are identical except for their temperatures.\n\nChoices:\nA. a cookie at a temperature of 45°F\nB. a cookie at a temperature of 65°F\nC. a cookie at a temperature of 80°F\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nAll solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.All three cookies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 80°F cookie is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\nChoices:\nA. dinner\nB. breakfast\nC. lunch\nD. drink\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "D\nSome words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.Lunch, breakfast, and dinner go together. They are meals. Drink is not a meal, so it is not like the other words."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nRaymond always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\n\nChoices:\nA. simple\nB. compound\nC. complex\nD. compound-complex\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nRaymond always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a trumpet a good or a service?\n\nChoices:\nA. a good\nB. a service\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nEverything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.To decide whether a trumpet is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a trumpet something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a trumpet a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a trumpet is a good."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a grain of rice?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 4 centimeters\nB. 4 millimeters\nC. 4 kilometers\nD. 4 meters\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.The best estimate for the length of a grain of rice is 4 millimeters.\n4 centimeters, 4 meters, and 4 kilometers are all too long."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Tisha investigate with an experiment?\n\nHint:\nTisha is making a fruit salad. She mixes some apple slices with orange and pineapple slices, and leaves the rest of the apple slices on the counter. A few minutes later, she notices that the apple slices on the counter have turned brown. She wonders what factors affect how quickly sliced fruit turns brown. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available:\ntwo apples\ntwo bananas\norange juice\na kitchen knife\n\nChoices:\nA. Do apple slices turn brown more quickly if they are dipped in sugar or in orange juice?\nB. Do slices of pear turn brown more quickly than slices of banana?\nC. Do apple slices dipped in orange juice turn brown more slowly than plain apple slices?\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nExperiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!"
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Mickey's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\nHint:\nIn a group of rabbits, some individuals have black fur and others have brown fur. In this group, the gene for the fur color trait has two alleles. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F).\nMickey is a rabbit from this group. Mickey has the homozygous genotype ff for the fur color gene.\n\nChoices:\nA. black fur\nB. brown fur\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nAll organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.Mickey's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Mickey's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for brown fur. So, Mickey's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Mickey's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nMickey's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Mickey's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe president of the company announces the plan.\n\nChoices:\nA. past tense\nB. present tense\nC. future tense\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nPresent tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will goThe sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, announces. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nThe national park is truly a Garden of Eden.\n\nChoices:\nA. the Bible\nB. a song\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAn allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.The source of the allusion Garden of Eden is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, the Garden of Eden is a paradise where the first man and woman lived.\nThe allusion Garden of Eden means a place of great beauty and peace."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait?\n\nHint:\nThis passage describes the antenna type trait in fruit flies:\n\nIn a group of fruit flies, some individuals have mutated antennae and others have normal antennae. In this group, the gene for the antenna type trait has two alleles. The allele for normal antennae (a) is recessive to the allele for mutated antennae (A).\nA certain fruit fly from this group has the heterozygous genotype Aa for the antenna type gene.\n\nChoices:\nA. mutated antennae\nB. normal antennae\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nAll organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.You need to determine the fruit fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait. First, consider the alleles in the fly's genotype for the antenna type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for normal antennae (a) is recessive to the allele for mutated antennae (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nThe fruit fly's genotype of Aa has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait must be mutated antennae."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Red Sea?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 1,400 inches\nB. 1,400 feet\nC. 1,400 yards\nD. 1,400 miles\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "D\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.The best estimate for the length of the Red Sea is 1,400 miles.\n1,400 inches, 1,400 feet, and 1,400 yards are all too short."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\nChoices:\nA. On the ferry to Ellis Island, Katy took a photograph, and now it's sitting in a frame on her dresser at home.\nB. The forecast for tomorrow calls for strong winds and light rain.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe forecast for tomorrow calls for strong winds and light rain."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a bicycle?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 23 pounds\nB. 23 ounces\nC. 23 tons\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.The best estimate for the mass of a bicycle is 23 pounds.\n23 ounces is too light and 23 tons is too heavy."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\nChoices:\nA. best regards,\nLeah\nB. Best regards,\nLeah\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRoryThe second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a school bus?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 13 pounds\nB. 13 ounces\nC. 13 tons\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.The best estimate for the mass of a school bus is 13 tons.\n13 ounces and 13 pounds are both too light."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\nChoices:\nA. If we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls.\nB. On a clear, peaceful morning at Rincon Point, Joy paddled out into the surf.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nOn a clear, peaceful morning at Rincon Point, Joy paddled out into the surf."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe heavy door () as Arianna pushed it open.\n\nChoices:\nA. creaked\nB. protested\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.Complete the sentence with the word protested. It describes the door as if it were a person who didn't want to obey."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word blink on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbet - button\n\nChoices:\nA. yes\nB. no\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nGuide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blink is between the guide words bet - button, it would be found on that page."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Madelyn investigate with an experiment?\n\nHint:\nMadelyn leaves some chocolates in her jacket pocket. When she finds the chocolates later, she notices that some of them have melted. She wonders what factors affect how quickly chocolate melts. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available:\none bar of milk chocolate\none bar of dark chocolate\na stove\na pot\n\nChoices:\nA. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\nB. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?\nC. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nExperiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!"
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI thought I'd forgotten how to play with a boomerang, but then it came back to me.\n\nChoices:\nA. pun\nB. personification\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nFigures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nIt came back to me means that I remembered something. It also means that the boomerang came back after it was thrown."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMona is good at knitting socks.\n\nHint:\nHint: People who can knit had to learn how to do it.\n\nChoices:\nA. inherited\nB. acquired\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a water balloon?\n\nHint:\nSelect the best estimate.\n\nChoices:\nA. 18 cups\nB. 18 gallons\nC. 18 fluid ounces\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "C\nMeasurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.The best estimate for the volume of a water balloon is 18 fluid ounces.\n18 cups and 18 gallons are both too much."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Jeanette decides to make egg drop soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\nHint:\nJeanette is deciding whether to make egg drop soup or beef barley soup for dinner. She wants dinner to be as tasty as possible. But she is also hungry and wants to eat soon.\n\nChoices:\nA. The egg drop soup will be tastier than the beef barley soup would have been.\nB. Jeanette will spend more time making the egg drop soup than she would have spent making the beef barley soup.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nBefore you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jeanette wants or needs:\nJeanette will spend more time making the egg drop soup than she would have spent making the beef barley soup."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\nChoices:\nA. Gabriel bought a program for the opera without realizing that it was in Russian.\nB. Gabriel bought a program for the opera without realizing that the program was in Russian.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nWhen writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the program or the opera.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the program.\nGabriel bought a program for the opera without realizing that the program was in Russian."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\nChoices:\nA. At lunchtime, Mike can often be found reading at his favorite café, where they provide unlimited coffee refills.\nB. At lunchtime, Mike can often be found reading at his favorite café, where the servers provide unlimited coffee refills.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nWhen writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the servers.\nAt lunchtime, Mike can often be found reading at his favorite café, where the servers provide unlimited coffee refills."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nFinn has naturally blond hair.\n\nHint:\nHint: Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\n\nChoices:\nA. inherited\nB. acquired\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Finn's hair color is an inherited trait."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\nChoices:\nA. When Emily was researching the lives of famous scientists, it said that Albert Einstein had a speech impediment when he was a child.\nB. When Emily was researching the lives of famous scientists, one source said that Albert Einstein had a speech impediment when he was a child.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nWhen writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with one source.\nWhen Emily was researching the lives of famous scientists, one source said that Albert Einstein had a speech impediment when he was a child."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\nChoices:\nA. Every month the mayor gives a speech to the citizens.\nB. Mr. Brady sent the email yesterday, but no one received it.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "B\nA simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nMr. Brady sent the email yesterday, but no one received it."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsewing an apron\nsnowflakes forming in a cloud\n\nChoices:\nA. Both are only physical changes.\nB. Both are chemical changes.\nC. Both are caused by cooling.\nD. Both are caused by heating.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nMatter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.Step 1: Think about each change.\nSewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.\nSnowflakes forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nA snowflake begins to form when a tiny drop of liquid water in a cloud freezes. This is caused by cooling. But sewing an apron is not."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kenny inherited this trait?\n\nHint:\nRead the description of a trait.\nKenny has blue eyes.\n\nChoices:\nA. Kenny's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Kenny.\nB. Kenny likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ruth inherited this trait?\n\nHint:\nRead the description of a trait.\nRuth has wavy hair.\n\nChoices:\nA. Ruth's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Ruth.\nB. Ruth and her mother both have short hair.\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nOrganisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring."
  },
  {
    "prompt": "Choose an answer for the following question and give your reasons.\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her word choice?\nSkiing is the most exhilarating sport in the world. I learned to ski when I was three years old and started to ski competitively when I was nine. The beginning of a ski race is the most tense. I hear the sound of the start gates opening and feel the air as I start down the course. Then I am rushing down the hill. When the finish line is in sight, I push myself harder. When I win, I feel triumphant!\n\nChoices:\nA. by including more figurative language\nB. by using words with more appropriate connotations\nC. by fixing misused words\n\nAnswer:",
    "answer": "A\nDuring peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?The writer could best improve his or her word choice by including more figurative language.\nFor example, the writer could make the writing more vivid and engaging by replacing the underlined phrases with these figurative expressions: buzzes with intensity, the thud of, feel the wind like a smack in the face, flying down the hill like a hawk, and rev my engines.\nSkiing is the most exhilarating sport in the world. I learned to ski when I was three years old and started to ski competitively when I was nine. The beginning of a ski race is the most tense. I hear the sound of the start gates opening and feel the air as I start down the course. Then I am rushing down the hill. When the finish line is in sight, I push myself harder. When I win, I feel triumphant!"
  }
]