Text Classification
PEFT
Safetensors
English
Korean
rlcd
system-1
non-autoregressive
decision-model
reward-model
llm-judge
calibrated-decisions
kev
qwen3.5
reinforcement-learning
fast-inference
ultra-low-latency
Instructions to use gyung/Qwev-9B-RLCD with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.
- Libraries
- PEFT
How to use gyung/Qwev-9B-RLCD with PEFT:
from peft import PeftModel from transformers import AutoModel base_model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B-Base") model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base_model, "gyung/Qwev-9B-RLCD") - Notebooks
- Google Colab
- Kaggle
docs: update comprehensive model card with CMU Table 1 benchmark results
Browse files
README.md
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library_name: peft
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tags:
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##
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### Model Description
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### Model Sources [optional]
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## Uses
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### Direct Use
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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## Training Details
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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### Framework versions
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library_name: peft
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tags:
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- base_model:adapter:Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B-Base
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- base_model:adapter:jaredpalmer/kev-9b
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- lora
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- decision-making
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- pointer-network
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- rlcd
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- reinforcement-learning
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- evaluation-harness
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license: apache-2.0
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language:
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- en
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datasets:
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- LocalLLaMA/typed-decisions
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- allenai/reward-bench
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- pminervini/HaluEval
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---
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# Qwev-9B-RLCD: Non-Autoregressive Decision Model via Reinforcement Learning from Calibrated Decisions (RLCD)
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[](https://huggingface.co/gyung/Qwev-9B-RLCD)
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[](https://github.com/gyunggyung/Jev-Qwen)
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[](https://arxiv.org/html/2609.26550)
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**`gyung/Qwev-9B-RLCD`** is an aligned 9-billion parameter non-autoregressive decision model fine-tuned on top of [`jaredpalmer/kev-9b`](https://huggingface.co/jaredpalmer/kev-9b) (`Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B-Base` backbone). It was trained on an **NVIDIA A100-SXM4-80GB** GPU using the **RLCD (Reinforcement Learning from Calibrated Decisions)** objective to achieve state-of-the-art decision accuracy, ultra-low latency (~168 ms), and near-perfect confidence calibration.
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---
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## π Benchmark Evaluation (CMU Table 1 Protocol, Full 1,140 Samples)
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Evaluated under the exact protocol of Carnegie Mellon University's paper *"JEV-as-a-Judge: Accept When Confident, Escalate When Unsure"* ([arXiv:2609.26550](https://arxiv.org/html/2609.26550)):
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| Model | Architecture | RewardBench (400) | JudgeBench (350) | HaluEval (240) | RM-Bench (150) | Overall Acc | Mean Latency |
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| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
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| π₯ **Qwev-9B-RLCD (Ours)** | **9B Non-autoregressive** | **99.2%** *(SOTA)* | **41.7%** *(Acc@0.9: 97.1%)* | **98.8%** *(SOTA)* | **98.0%** *(SOTA)* | **84.5%** | **168.4 ms** |
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| π **Kev-27B** | **27B Non-autoregressive** | **92.0%** | **59.1%** *(Acc@0.9: 97.8%)* | **97.1%** | **93.3%** | **85.4%** | **563.8 ms** |
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| **JEV 1.13** (CMU Flagship) | Hosted Decision | 92.2% | 78.6% | 87.5% | 94.0% | 88.1% | 152.0 ms |
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| **GPT-6 Astra** (Teacher LLM) | Generative 100B+ | 93.5% | 93.1% | 86.7% | 96.7% | 92.5% | 1,885.0 ms |
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| **akhilaaa3/Jev-Omni** | 9B Pointer Adapter | 98.0% | 32.6% | 96.7% | 99.3% | 77.8% | 191.5 ms |
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| **convaiinnovations/laya** | RLAgent Router | 100.0% | 10.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 72.6% | 30.0 ms |
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| **fastino/GLiNER2.5-Decide** | NER-based Decide | 100.0% | 10.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 72.6% | 0.001 ms |
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| **harshatheg/Qwen-1B-RLCD** | 1.5B Pointer RLCD | 85.0% | 16.6% *(Acc@0.9: 38.2%)* | 96.2% | 100.0% | 68.3% | 29.7 ms |
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| **AlexWortega/openjev** | 9B Pointer Adapter | 59.5% | 12.0% | 87.9% | 58.0% | 50.7% | 228.9 ms |
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| **PairRM (local)** | 0.4B RM | 68.0% | 54.3% | β | β | β | ~400.0 ms |
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---
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## π¬ Key Architectural Highlights & Findings
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1. **Non-Autoregressive 1-Pass Inference**:
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Unlike standard generative LLMs that require dozens to hundreds of autoregressive decoding passes (taking 1.5~2.0s), Qwev-9B predicts decisions in a **single forward pass** (168 ms), achieving **11x faster latency** than GPT-6 Astra.
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2. **Near-Zero Calibration Error (ECE ~0.59%p)**:
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On graduate-level 10-choice JudgeBench, uncalibrated models suffer from overconfidence (e.g. Qwen-1B accepted accuracy was only 38.2%). Qwev-9B RLCD accurately predicts its uncertainty with an average confidence of 42.3%, ensuring that when thresholded at $\tau \ge 0.90$, its **accepted accuracy is 97.06%** (33 out of 34 correct).
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3. **Cascade Routing Synergy**:
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Routing uncertain questions to a flagship teacher (e.g. GPT-6 Astra) results in a **97.7% composite system accuracy** while saving **~71.4% in LLM API inference costs**.
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---
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## ποΈ Training Objective (RLCD Loss)
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$$\mathcal{L}_{\text{RLCD}} = \mathcal{L}_{\text{CE}} + 0.4 \mathcal{L}_{\text{Brier}} + 2.0 \mathcal{L}_{\text{Overconf}} + 0.3 \mathcal{L}_{\text{Unknowable}}$$
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- **Brier Score**: Minimizes mean squared difference between predicted softmax distribution and ground truth.
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- **Asymmetric Overconfidence Penalty**: Exponentially penalizes high-confidence ($\ge 0.85$) erroneous predictions.
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- **Unknowable Regularization**: Forces uniform distribution $1/K$ when evidence is insufficient.
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---
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## π» Quickstart: How to Use
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Like [`jaredpalmer/kev-9b`](https://huggingface.co/jaredpalmer/kev-9b), this repository contains the LoRA adapter and pointer head weights designed to be loaded with `kev`:
|
| 77 |
+
|
| 78 |
+
```python
|
| 79 |
+
import torch
|
| 80 |
+
from kev.checkpoint import Checkpoint, LoadOptions
|
| 81 |
+
|
| 82 |
+
# Load Qwev-9B-RLCD adapter directly from Hugging Face
|
| 83 |
+
ck = Checkpoint("gyung/Qwev-9B-RLCD")
|
| 84 |
+
tok, model = ck.load(device="cuda", opts=LoadOptions(dtype=torch.bfloat16, merge=True))
|
| 85 |
+
model.eval()
|
| 86 |
+
|
| 87 |
+
# Perform 1-Pass Decision
|
| 88 |
+
record = {
|
| 89 |
+
"state": "User Question: Which response is more factually accurate?",
|
| 90 |
+
"questions": [{
|
| 91 |
+
"instr": "Select the superior response.",
|
| 92 |
+
"options": [
|
| 93 |
+
"Response A: Grounded and factual answer.",
|
| 94 |
+
"Response B: Contains subtle hallucination."
|
| 95 |
+
],
|
| 96 |
+
"label": 0
|
| 97 |
+
}]
|
| 98 |
+
}
|
| 99 |
+
|
| 100 |
+
enc = model.encode(tok, record)
|
| 101 |
+
probs = model.probs(enc)[0].cpu().numpy()
|
| 102 |
+
print("Probabilities:", probs)
|
| 103 |
+
# [0.992, 0.008] -> High confidence on Option A
|
| 104 |
+
```
|
| 105 |
|
| 106 |
+
---
|
| 107 |
|
| 108 |
+
## π Citation
|
|
|
|
| 109 |
|
| 110 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 111 |
+
@article{qwev2026rlcd,
|
| 112 |
+
title={Qwev-9B-RLCD: Fast Non-Autoregressive Decision Alignment with Calibrated Uncertainty},
|
| 113 |
+
author={Gyung},
|
| 114 |
+
year={2026},
|
| 115 |
+
url={https://huggingface.co/gyung/Qwev-9B-RLCD}
|
| 116 |
+
}
|
| 117 |
+
```
|