| Source-1 |
| Copyright 2026 The Source-1 Authors |
|
|
| Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (see the LICENSE file, or |
| https: |
| the AUTHORS file. |
|
|
| This NOTICE has four parts and one appendix: |
| 1. Base model: mmBERT-base (MIT License) |
| 2. How the training scores were made |
| 3. Data credits |
| 4. Contact and removal requests |
| Appendix A. World Bank works (CC BY 3.0 IGO) |
|
|
|
|
| ================================================================================ |
| 1. BASE MODEL: mmBERT-base (MIT License) |
| ================================================================================ |
|
|
| Source-1 is fine-tuned from mmBERT-base (https: |
| published by jhu-clsp (the mmBERT authors at Johns Hopkins University CLSP) under the |
| MIT License. mmBERT is described in Marone et al., "mmBERT: A Modern Multilingual |
| Encoder with Annealed Language Learning", arXiv:2509.06888. The upstream repository |
| publishes no copyright line, so none is reproduced here. |
|
|
| Changes made by the Source-1 Authors (2026-10-03): all encoder weights were further |
| trained, and scoring heads (heads.safetensors) were added. The encoder weights are |
| published in bfloat16 (model.safetensors, the default) and in float32 |
| (model.fp32.safetensors). The tokenizer is mmBERT's. |
|
|
| mmBERT's tokenizer is based on the Gemma 2 tokenizer by Google. See the Gemma Terms of |
| Use: https: |
|
|
| MIT License (mmBERT-base): |
|
|
| Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy |
| of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal |
| in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights |
| to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell |
| copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is |
| furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: |
|
|
| The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all |
| copies or substantial portions of the Software. |
|
|
| THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR |
| IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, |
| FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE |
| AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER |
| LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, |
| OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE |
| SOFTWARE. |
|
|
|
|
| ================================================================================ |
| 2. HOW THE TRAINING SCORES WERE MADE |
| ================================================================================ |
|
|
| Source-1 was fine-tuned on scores produced by an open-weight 27B LLM teacher scoring a |
| 13-field rubric (3 labels, 5 quality scores, 3 red flags and 2 gated scores). Every |
| training target is a teacher score; no human labels were used. The teacher's weights |
| are not part of this release. |
|
|
| Source-1 was evaluated with an independent proprietary LLM grader, used for evaluation |
| only: the grader's outputs were never used as training targets or training data, and |
| the shipped drop line was chosen by a fixed rule on the teacher's labels. On the |
| held-out set the grader was given the same instructions as the teacher. Grades and |
| reviews by proprietary LLMs, among them the grader's model family, did inform some |
| design choices (the rubric revision, the choice of teacher and its prompt on the exam |
| sets, the candidate drop lines and which collections were filtered out); see the |
| development note in README.md and "Independence from development" in EVALUATION.md. |
|
|
|
|
| ================================================================================ |
| 3. DATA CREDITS |
| ================================================================================ |
|
|
| This part covers the documents in Source-1's training and validation splits: 159,829 |
| documents (182,639 text chunks). The documents were inputs to be scored; their scores |
| came from the teacher described in part 2. No training text is distributed with |
| Source-1: the release contains model weights and code only. |
|
|
| The credits below follow what each license or publisher asks for. Every work listed |
| under a Creative Commons license was modified: it was used to train a classifier. |
| Credit for each individual work belongs to the authors and publishers named in it. |
| Naming a source does not suggest that its authors, publishers or licensors endorse |
| Source-1 or any use of it. |
|
|
| Each book is credited under the licence recorded for it by the platform it came from, |
| except three works whose own text states an IGO licence (see 3.8). Before training, |
| rules applied to each source's terms and to each document's own text kept 19,720 |
| documents out of the training and validation splits. Source-1 was not trained on them, |
| and they are not credited here. They include: sources whose terms limit use to research |
| or that carry no dataset licence (DCLM-baseline, raw Common Crawl WET pages); Stack v2 |
| Edu, whose upstream terms are gated; YouTube transcripts and a corpus of third-party |
| social media posts; French public data under the Licence Ouverte; books and other |
| documents whose own text states NonCommercial (NC) or NoDerivatives (ND) terms, |
| reserves all rights or forbids reproduction without permission, or reserves |
| text-and-data-mining or AI-training rights; books deposited in HAL whose own text |
| states no open licence; web pages under NC or ND terms, and pages on sites that re-host |
| other people's documents; and code whose licence or file header is copyleft, |
| proprietary or not on a permissive allow-list. |
|
|
| Every book in the open-books part of the training data that is not public domain or |
| CC0 is also credited individually in the file CREDITS_BOOKS.tsv, which is part of this |
| notice: title, authors, language, licence and source URL. Where a work's own text asks |
| to be cited or attributed in a particular way, the file gives that citation or |
| attribution: FAO's "Required citation", OpenStax's attribution request, the citations |
| requested by Eurydice, JRC and other EU reports, and those of some other books and |
| reports (university presses, Frontiers ebooks, research and project reports). The World |
| Bank works are credited in Appendix A. Books and book chapters that came through |
| Common Pile v0.1 (DOAB, Pressbooks, LibreTexts, OER Commons) are credited at collection |
| level in 3.5. |
|
|
| License links used below: |
| ODC-By 1.0 https: |
| CC BY 4.0 https: |
| CC BY 3.0 https: |
| CC BY 2.5 https: |
| CC BY 2.0 https: |
| CC BY 3.0 IGO https: |
| CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO https: |
| CC BY-SA 4.0 https: |
| CC BY-SA 3.0 https: |
| CC BY-SA 2.5 https: |
| CC0 1.0 https: |
| Apache-2.0 https: |
| MIT https: |
| OPL v3.0 https: |
| Common Crawl Terms of Use |
| https: |
|
|
|
|
| 3.1 Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By 1.0) |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| Contains information from the following databases, which are made available under the |
| ODC Attribution License (https: |
| - FineWeb https: |
| - FineWeb-2 (including its removed-documents part) |
| https: |
| - FinePDFs https: |
| - FineWeb-Edu Llama 3 annotations |
| https: |
| - FineTranslations https: |
| - FineMath https: |
| - Cosmopedia v2 (SmolLM-Corpus) |
| https: |
| - C4 (en.noclean) https: |
| - OpenWebMath https: |
| - WildChat-1M https: |
|
|
|
|
| 3.2 Common Crawl |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| Much of the web text comes from Common Crawl (https: |
| FineWeb, FineWeb-2, FinePDFs, FineMath, OpenWebMath, C4 and FineTranslations. Use was |
| subject to the Common Crawl Terms of Use (https: |
| The text of each page belongs to its owners. |
|
|
|
|
| 3.3 Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| Modified: used to train a classifier. |
|
|
| - EUR-Lex resources, CC BY 4.0 (see also 3.7). |
| https: |
| - Sangraha, synthetic part (AI4Bharat), CC BY 4.0. Machine translations of English |
| Wikipedia text (Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA). |
| https: |
| - PubMed Central Open Access Subset (U.S. National Library of Medicine), articles under |
| CC BY, credited to the authors named in each article. https: |
| - Wikinews (Wikinews contributors), CC BY 4.0; the German edition CC BY 2.5. The Arabic, |
| Persian, French and Swedish editions are listed under 3.4. https: |
| - Common Corpus (PleIAs), documents marked CC-By: open-access articles from OpenAlex and |
| arXiv, EUR-Lex and Eurovoc documents of the European Union (see 3.7), and German |
| political speeches, each under the license stated by its source. |
| https: |
| - Common Pile v0.1, documents under CC BY 2.5 / 3.0 / 4.0 (see 3.5). |
| - Open-access books, each credited to the authors and publishers named in it, under |
| the licence the platform records for it: |
| Language Science Press (CC BY 4.0) https: |
| OpenStax (Rice University), editions released under CC BY 4.0, credited as each |
| book asks, in most of them to "OpenStax and its content contributors" (the |
| wording for each book: CREDITS_BOOKS.tsv) https: |
| OAPEN Library (CC BY 2.0 / 3.0 / 4.0, as stated for each book) |
| https: |
| Directory of Open Access Books (CC BY 4.0) https: |
| HAL open archive (CC BY 4.0) https: |
| Arabic E-Book Corpus, Hindawi Foundation, books under CC BY 4.0 |
| https: |
| EU Publications Office books: see 3.7. FAO books and the works under IGO licences: |
| see 3.8. Per-work credits for all of these books: CREDITS_BOOKS.tsv. |
|
|
|
|
| 3.4 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| Modified: used to train a classifier. |
|
|
| - Wikipedia (Wikipedia contributors), CC BY-SA 4.0 and CC BY-SA 3.0, also available |
| under the GNU Free Documentation License. With thanks to Wikipedia's volunteer editors. |
| Through https: |
| https: |
| - Wikipedia talk-page comments (Wikipedia contributors), CC BY-SA 3.0, through |
| https: |
| - Wikisource (Wikisource contributors), CC BY-SA 4.0; the dump used is published under |
| CC BY-SA 3.0 and the GFDL. The works themselves are public domain or freely licensed. |
| https: |
| - Wikibooks (Wikibooks contributors), CC BY-SA 4.0 (older revisions CC BY-SA 3.0). |
| https: |
| - Wikinews, Arabic, Persian, French and Swedish editions (Wikinews contributors), |
| CC BY-SA 4.0. https: |
| - databricks-dolly-15k (Databricks), CC BY-SA 3.0. |
| https: |
| - HC3, wiki_csai subset (Hello-SimpleAI), CC BY-SA 4.0. |
| https: |
| - Stack Exchange (Stack Exchange contributors), CC BY-SA 2.5 / 3.0 / 4.0, through |
| Common Pile v0.1 (see 3.5). |
| - Kanripo (Kanseki Repository) transcriptions of premodern Chinese texts, CC BY-SA 4.0. |
| https: |
| - NDLA (Norwegian Digital Learning Arena) learning resources, CC BY-SA 4.0. |
| https: |
| - Deutsches Textarchiv (DTA core corpus), CC BY-SA 4.0 as stated in each item's TEI |
| header. https: |
| - Common Corpus (PleIAs), documents marked CC-By-SA. |
| https: |
| - Common Pile v0.1, documents under CC BY-SA 2.5 / 3.0 / 4.0 (see 3.5). |
| - Open-access books under CC BY-SA 3.0 / 4.0 from the OAPEN Library, the Directory of |
| Open Access Books and HAL, each credited to the authors and publishers named in it. |
| Per-work credits for these books and Wikibooks pages: CREDITS_BOOKS.tsv. |
|
|
|
|
| 3.5 Common Pile v0.1 |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| Includes documents from the Common Pile v0.1 (Kandpal et al., 2025, "The Common Pile |
| v0.1: An 8TB Dataset of Public Domain and Openly Licensed Text"; |
| https: |
| metadata (public domain, CC0, CC BY, CC BY-SA, the Open Parliament Licence, or a |
| permissive software license). Collections used: arXiv abstracts and papers, |
| Biodiversity Heritage Library, Caselaw Access Project, Data Provenance Initiative, |
| Directory of Open Access Books, Foodista, GitHub Archive, LibreTexts, Library of |
| Congress, News, OERCommons, peS2o, pre-1929 books, Pressbooks, Project Gutenberg, |
| Public Domain Review, Python Enhancement Proposals, Regulations.gov, Stack Exchange, |
| Ubuntu IRC, UK Hansard, USGPO, USPTO and WikiTeam wikis. |
| Modified (for the documents under a Creative Commons license): used to train a |
| classifier. |
|
|
|
|
| 3.6 UK Parliament (Open Parliament Licence) |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0. |
| (UK Hansard, through Common Pile v0.1.) |
|
|
|
|
| 3.7 European Union |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| - EUR-Lex. Legal documents from EUR-Lex (https: |
| © European Union, 1998-2026, re-used under the Commission's document reuse policy, |
| Decision 2011/833/EU. Obtained through EUR-Lex resources |
| (https: |
| Corpus (collections "Eurlex" and "Eurovoc", recorded there as CC-By; |
| https: |
| - European Parliament. Plenary debates from the Europarl corpus v10 |
| (https: |
| (https: |
| - Publications Office of the European Union. Books from https: |
| © European Union. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented by |
| Commission Decision 2011/833/EU; these books are re-used under CC BY 4.0. Modified: |
| used to train a classifier. Where a book asks to be cited in a particular way |
| (Eurydice, JRC and some other reports), CREDITS_BOOKS.tsv gives that citation. |
| - VoxPopuli European Parliament speech transcripts (CC0 1.0), through Common Corpus. |
|
|
|
|
| 3.8 International organizations |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| World Bank (CC BY 3.0 IGO). Includes works of The World Bank, licensed under the Creative |
| Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (https: |
| Each work is credited in Appendix A as its copyright page asks. Modified: used to train a |
| classifier. This credit does not suggest that The World Bank endorses Source-1 or its |
| use. To the extent that Source-1 is regarded as an adaptation of these works: This is an |
| adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the |
| adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are |
| not endorsed by The World Bank. (One work in Appendix A is a joint OECD and World Bank |
| publication; its own adaptation notice is given there.) |
|
|
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0. Includes books |
| from https: |
| the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. Modified: used to train a |
| classifier. The citation FAO asks for ("Required citation") is given in CREDITS_BOOKS.tsv |
| for every FAO book whose text carries one (114 of the 115). There is no suggestion that FAO |
| endorses any specific organization, products or services, including Source-1. To the |
| extent that Source-1 is regarded as an adaptation of these works: "This adaptation was not |
| created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not |
| responsible for the content or accuracy of this adaptation. The original editions shall be |
| the authoritative editions." |
|
|
| Inter-American Development Bank (CC BY 3.0 IGO). Includes one book published by the |
| Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and deposited in HAL: Allen Blackman, Eduardo |
| Cavallo, Bridget Hoffmann and Adrien Vogt-Schilb (eds.), "Peril and Promise: Tackling |
| Climate Change in Latin America and the Caribbean", Inter-American Development Bank, 2025 |
| (ISBN 978-1-59782-574-0, digital edition; https: |
| licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license |
| (https: |
| records CC BY 4.0). Also credited in CREDITS_BOOKS.tsv. Modified: used to train a |
| classifier. The IDB's name is used here only to credit the IDB, and no IDB logo is used. |
| This credit does not suggest that the IDB endorses Source-1 or its use. |
|
|
| UNESCO (CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO). Includes two books published by or with UNESCO and deposited |
| in HAL, credited in the form UNESCO's terms of use for its open access publications ask |
| for: |
| - Cléo Lossouarn et al. / Water, Megacities and Global Change / ISBN |
| 978-92-3-100161-1 – licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. (© UNESCO / ARCEAU IdF 2016; |
| https: |
| - David C. Andolfatto and Thomas Schrom (eds.) / The Restoration of Mangal Bahudvara |
| Caitya. A Tashi Gomang Stupa / ISBN 978-9937-9301-6-1 – licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| IGO. (© UNESCO 2021; https: |
| Each book's own text states the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO license |
| (https: |
| credited in CREDITS_BOOKS.tsv, which lists the authors HAL records. Only the books' text |
| was used. Modified: used to train a classifier. No UNESCO logo is used, and this credit |
| does not suggest that UNESCO endorses Source-1 or its use. To the extent that Source-1 is |
| regarded as an adaptation of these works: Source-1 is not an official UNESCO publication |
| and shall not be considered as such. |
|
|
|
|
| 3.9 Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (Etalab) |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| No document under the Licence Ouverte is in Source-1's training or validation splits: |
| the French public data in Common Corpus and the books deposited in HAL under this |
| licence were removed before training. |
|
|
|
|
| 3.10 Other sources |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| - HPLT v2.0, cleaned (https: |
| not own the text from which these data were extracted; it licenses the packaging |
| under CC0 1.0 and runs a notice-and-takedown policy. |
| - Apache-2.0: OpenAssistant oasst2 (https: |
| Aya Dataset (https: |
| (https: |
| by Kaggle, through https: |
| - MIT: RAID (https: |
| "Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human |
| Feedback", arXiv:2204.05862). |
| - Source code under permissive licenses (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD-2-Clause, BSD-3-Clause, |
| ISC, CC0-1.0, Unlicense), as recorded for each file's repository, from |
| https: |
| https: |
| https: |
| https: |
| GitHub Archive collection. Copyright in each file stays with its authors. |
| - CC0 1.0 and public domain, with thanks: Civil Comments |
| (https: |
| (https: |
| (https: |
| and Common Corpus (court decisions, laws and parliamentary papers from Brazil, China, |
| Denmark, Germany, Korea, Russia and the United States; Brazilian Chamber of Deputies |
| speeches; VoxPopuli; open-access articles); CC0 articles from PubMed Central; and |
| public-domain or CC0 books from Wikisource, the National Diet Library of Japan |
| (https: |
| (https: |
| (National Library of Norway, through NbAiLab), PleIAs Ukrainian cultural-heritage |
| books (Internet Archive) and HAL. |
|
|
|
|
| ================================================================================ |
| 4. CONTACT AND REMOVAL REQUESTS |
| ================================================================================ |
|
|
| Questions about these credits, corrections, and removal or opt-out requests: open a |
| discussion in the Community tab of the model repository, |
| https: |
| information, open a discussion without the details and we will arrange a private way to |
| reach us. We review every request and, where the content is in our training data, |
| exclude it from future versions; published weights cannot be changed. |
|
|
|
|
| ================================================================================ |
| APPENDIX A. WORLD BANK WORKS (CC BY 3.0 IGO) |
| ================================================================================ |
|
|
| Each entry is the attribution the work's copyright page asks for, followed by its record in |
| the World Bank Open Knowledge Repository. Modified: used to train a classifier. See 3.8 for |
| the adaptation notice and https: |
|
|
| A01. Alam, Muneeza Mehmood, and Lisa Bagnoli. 2024. Ten Thousand Steps in Her Shoes: The |
| Role of Public Transport in Women’s Economic Empowerment. Middle East and North |
| Africa Development Report Series. Washington, DC: World Bank. |
| doi:10.1596/978-1-46482091-5. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A02. Alsharkas, Zeina, Jean Michel N. Marchat, Enrique Aldaz-Carroll, and Ana |
| Goicoechea. 2026. Competing in the Face of Climate Risks: Evidence from Firms and |
| Policy Priorities in MENAAP. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan |
| Development Report. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2335-0. |
| License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A03. Arévalo-Sánchez, Inés, Janet Heisey, Sarang Chaudhary, Timothy Clay, Victoria |
| Strokova, Puja Vasudeva Dutta, and Colin Andrews. 2024. The State of Economic |
| Inclusion Report 2024: Pathways to Scale. Washington, DC: World Bank. |
| doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2076-2. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A04. Bachas, Pierre, Oyebola Okunogbe, Mahvish Shaukat, and Dario Tortarolo. 2026. |
| Raising Revenue Right: A Roadmap for Domestic Resource Mobilization. Policy |
| Research Report. World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2034-2. License: Creative |
| Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A05. Bandlien, Einar H., Sander De Kruijf, Eilen Arctander Vik, Ole Fredrik Ekern, Johan |
| Bernhard Siqueland Knudsen, Geoffrey Dyce, Silvana Tordo, and François Bertone. |
| 2024. Water Management in Oil and Gas Operations: Industry Practice and Policy |
| Guidelines for Developing Countries. International Development in Focus. |
| Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2047-2. License: Creative |
| Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A06. Begazo, Tania, Moussa P. Blimpo, and Mark A. Dutz. 2023. Digital Africa: |
| Technological Transformation for Jobs. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: |
| 978-1-4648-1737-3. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A07. Beylis, Guillermo, Roberto Fattal Jaef, Michael Morris, Ashwini Rekha Sebastian, |
| and Rishabh Sinha. 2020. Going Viral: COVID-19 and the Accelerated Transformation |
| of Jobs in Latin America and the Caribbean. World Bank Latin American and Caribbean |
| Studies. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1448-8. License: |
| Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A08. Borgomeo, Edoardo, Claire Chase, Nicolas Salazar Godoy, and Victor Osei Kwadwo. |
| 2023. Rising from the Depths: Water Security and Fragility in South Sudan. |
| International Development in Focus. Washington, DC: World Bank. |
| doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1943-8. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A09. Bossavie, Laurent, and Daniel Garrote-Sánchez. 2022. Safe and Productive Migration |
| from the Kyrgyz Republic: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic. International |
| Development in Focus. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1905-6. |
| License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A10. Chapman, Emily Weedon, and Margaux Vinez, eds. 2023. Working Today for a Better |
| Tomorrow in Ethiopia: Jobs for Poor and Vulnerable Households. International |
| Development in Focus. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2020-5. |
| License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A11. Chatain, Pierre-Laurent, Emile van der Does de Willebois, and Maud Bökkerink. 2022. |
| Preventing Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing: A Practical Guide for Bank |
| Supervisors. Second edition. Washington, DC: World Bank. |
| doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1851-6. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A12. Chrimes, Tommy, Bram Gootjes, M. Ayhan Kose, and Collette Wheeler. 2024. The Great |
| Reversal: Prospects, Risks, and Policies in International Development Association |
| (IDA) Countries. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2145-5. |
| License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A13. Corsi, Anna, and Harris Selod. 2023. Land Matters: Can Better Governance and |
| Management of Scarcity Prevent a Looming Crisis in the Middle East and North |
| Africa? Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1661-1. License: |
| Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A14. Cruz, Marcio, ed. 2024. Digital Opportunities in African Businesses. Washington, |
| DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2088-5. License: Creative Commons |
| Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A15. Dalhuijsen, Emma, Eva Gutierrez, Tatsiana Kliatskova, Rachel Mok, and Martijn Gert |
| Jan Regelink. 2023. Greening National Development Financial Institutions: Trends, |
| Lessons Learned, and Ways Forward. International Development in Focus. Washington, |
| DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2031-1. License: Creative Commons |
| Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A16. Damania, Richard, Ebad Ebadi, Kentaro Mayr, Jason Russ, and Esha Zaveri. 2025. |
| Reboot Development: The Economics of a Livable Planet. Washington, DC: World Bank. |
| doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2271-1. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. |
| https: |
|
|
| A17. de Nicola, Francesca, Aaditya Mattoo, and Jonathan Timmis. 2025. Firm Foundations |
| of Growth: Productivity and Technology in East Asia and Pacific. East Asia and |
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