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arxiv:2610.02148

Omni-Embed-Mini: Binding Modalities Without Forgetting via Dense Distillation

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Abstract

Extending a text embedding model to new modalities typically degrades text retrieval quality, and existing omni-modal embedders compensate with multi-billion parameters. We present Omni-Embed-Mini, a 0.9B-parameter model that maps text, speech, audio, images, video, and visually-rich documents into a single shared cosine space without updating any text-side parameter. Our key insight is that the teacher signal requires no separate embedding model: each media sample is paired with a dense cascaded caption, and the teacher target is simply the frozen backbone's own embedding of that caption. Because teacher and student share the same backbone weights, they inhabit byte-identical geometry, and lightweight projectors plus phased LoRA adapters on the modality encoders suffice for alignment. Training combines a Matryoshka SigLIP contrastive loss with an online hybrid hard-negative miner whose negatives sharpen as the encoder improves. The recipe carries over to a 2.3B variant by swapping in a native vision-language backbone. Omni-Embed-Mini-0.9B keeps its text weights bit-identical to the backbone, so training cannot regress text retrieval (49.57 nDCG@10 on MTEB-v2 BEIR-8), while extending it to five additional modalities, and is ~2.7x to 9.5x smaller than every open omni embedder we compare against. The 2.3B variant is competitive with the closed gemini-embedding-2, edging ahead of it on the overall-modality average. Models, code, data and evaluation harness are on our project page: https://omniembed.cvmbzuai.com

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Omni-Embed-Mini is a compact omni-modal embedding model that puts text, speech, general audio, images, video and visually-rich documents into one shared embedding space.

We pair each media sample with a dense caption and train the media path to match the frozen backbone's own embedding of that caption. Teacher and student share the same frozen backbone, so whatever the backbone already does well is preserved by construction (text for the 0.9B, text and vision for the 2.3B), and only lightweight projectors plus LoRA adapters on the media encoders are trained.

Highlights:

  • The 0.9B keeps its backbone's text retrieval while adding five modalities, and the 2.3B keeps its backbone's text and vision quality while adding speech and audio
  • The 0.9B is 2.7x to 9.5x smaller than other open omni embedders, small enough to run on device
  • Evaluated across MTEB-v2, MAEB, MMEB-V2 and ViDoRe-V3
  • Models, training data (Omni-Sets) and full training/evaluation code are released

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