Think Harder Where It Matters: Item-Level Adaptive Recursion for Sequential Recommendation
Abstract
LoopRec enables adaptive per-item computation depth in sequential recommendation by using recursive shared blocks with early-exit gates, improving efficiency and accuracy.
Existing sequential recommenders usually allocate a fixed computational budget to every item in a user's interaction history, regardless of the item's contribution to the final prediction. We challenge this de facto design with two diagnostic findings. (1) Non-uniform computational need: items within the same sequence vary drastically in how much computation they require. Most converge after shallow processing while a critical minority only stabilizes at full depth. (2) Suboptimality of fixed allocation: given oracle access to the target item, a non-uniform depth assignment consistently outranks the fixed one, indicating that existing uniform computation both wastes capacity on already-converged items and sacrifices overall recommendation quality. These observations motivate a shift from fixed-depth computation to item-level adaptive reasoning. To this end, we propose LoopRec. LoopRec recursively applies a single weight-shared block and introduces a lightweight gate at each recursion boundary that makes a binary exit-or-continue decision for every item independently. Items whose representations have sufficiently matured exit early, while those requiring deeper reasoning continue to subsequent recursions. This design converts the fixed global depth into a learned, per-item property without auxiliary depth labels, and is readily adaptable to diverse backbone architectures. Extensive experiments on public benchmarks with four backbone families demonstrate that LoopRec consistently outperforms matched fixed-depth counterparts. Further analysis reveals that LoopRec's learned allocation exhibits interpretable patterns aligned with our post-hoc oracle analysis: lower-frequency items and more recent interactions naturally receive deeper computation. Our code is available at https://github.com/Elpmis117/LoopRec.
Community
🧠 Every interaction gets the same compute. Should it?
Introducing LoopRec, from our paper Think Harder Where It Matters: Item-Level Adaptive Recursion for Sequential Recommendation. We explore a simple idea: let each historical item learn how deeply it needs to be processed.
🔍 The evidence behind adaptive depth
In a three-layer SASRec diagnostic on Amazon Office, 76.14% of items stabilize after one layer, while 6.72% require all three. Shallow and deep computational needs coexist within the same history.
🔁 One shared block, different depths
LoopRec reuses a weight-shared backbone block recursively. Lightweight gates decide, item by item, whether to exit or continue—without auxiliary depth labels. Learned routing allocates deeper computation to rarer items and more recent interactions.
📈 Consistent gains across architectures
Across 3 Amazon benchmarks × 4 backbones—SASRec, BSARec, NextItNet, and LRURec—all 48 reported ranking comparisons improve; 44 are statistically significant. On Patio, NextItNet's NDCG@20 rises from 0.0192 to 0.0263 (+37.02%).
💡 Adaptive computation opens a promising direction for recommendation: learning where additional depth is useful within each user's history.
📄 Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.30128
💻 Code: https://github.com/Elpmis117/LoopRec
We'd love to hear your thoughts on adaptive depth for recommender systems! 🤗
Get this paper in your agent:
hf papers read 2610.30128 Don't have the latest CLI?
curl -LsSf https://hf.co/cli/install.sh | bash Models citing this paper 0
No model linking this paper
Datasets citing this paper 0
No dataset linking this paper
Spaces citing this paper 0
No Space linking this paper
Collections including this paper 0
No Collection including this paper