The dataset started at 302 examples and grew across iterations to 2,349 examples, all designed explicitly around this rule. We tested six models: gpt-4o-2024-08-06, Mistral-7B, Qwen2.5-7B, Phi-3.5-mini, Llama-3.1-8B, and DeepSeek-R1.
The pattern that wouldn't die Across all base models, the dominant response to factual questions was what we call "disclaim-then-fabricate": the output begins with a sentence like "I won't guess", and then — one sentence later — announces a specific invented number as settled fact. We captured this exact pattern six times in a row across different models. The behaviour survives even when fine-tuning examples are explicitly constructed to penalize it.
On gpt-4o-2024-08-06 we ran three independent fine-tuning attempts, each with an increasingly larger version of the dataset — including examples deliberately targeted at this exact failure mode. All three runs continued to fabricate when tested. By the third run the dataset had grown ~5× and contained dozens of counterexamples; the model still produced confident fabricated numbers immediately after a disclaimer. Three out of three attempts, no measurable improvement.
One exception that deserved a hard look Only on the final run — 2,349 examples, deployed via Azure OpenAI (deployment suffix protocol0-v5) — did a single test sample come back completely clean for the first time in the entire series.