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# Sol Lite Base
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Sol Lite Base is a
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| --- | --- |
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| Parameters | **14,995,843** |
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| Training tokens | **8,153,333,760** |
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| Architecture | Decoder-only causal language model |
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| Physical / effective blocks | 10 / 14 |
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| Residual width | 256 |
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| Vocabulary | 4,096-token digit-aware byte-level BPE |
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| Maximum context | 2,048 tokens |
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| Weight format | FP32 safetensors |
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| License | CC BY 4.0 |
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Install the runtime dependencies:
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```bash
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pip install "torch>=2.5" "transformers>=5" safetensors huggingface_hub
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```
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Load the model and generate text:
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```python
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from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
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import sys
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print(text)
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```
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The repository includes the complete standalone model implementation and does not require the original training code.
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## Results
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| Benchmark | Examples |
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| HellaSwag | 10,042 | 27.72% |
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| ARC-Easy | 2,376 | 34.72% |
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| ARC-Challenge | 1,172 | 22.87% |
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| PIQA | 1,838 | 57.73% |
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| ArithMark-3 | 1,000 | 34.20% |
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| Intelligence Index | — | **8.799** |
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The four language-model tasks were evaluated zero-shot on their complete evaluation splits with `lm-eval` 0.4.12 using normalized accuracy.
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ArithMark-3 used its independent-tokenization normalized-accuracy protocol.
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Raw evaluation outputs are included under `evals/`.
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These measurements are not independently verified, and no leaderboard position is claimed.
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## Architecture
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| Component | Configuration |
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| --- | --- |
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| Stored parameters | **14,995,843** |
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| Physical / effective blocks | 10 / 14 |
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| Recurrent layout | 1 prelude + 4 middle blocks × 2 passes + 5 coda |
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| Residual width | 256 |
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| Attention | 8 query heads, 2 key/value heads, head dimension 32 |
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| Attention modification | XSA value subtraction after causal attention |
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| Attention normalization | Per-head Q/K RMSNorm with RoPE |
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| Recurrent conditioning | Learned pass embeddings and channel-wise refresh gates |
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| MLP | Gated SiLU MLP, width 1,465 |
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| Vocabulary | 4,096-token digit-aware byte-level BPE |
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| Learned memory | 2,048-entry bigram/trigram EngramLite |
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| Embeddings | Tied input/output table |
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| Maximum context | 2,048 tokens |
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## Training data
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Training used a gradual English curriculum built from:
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- FineWeb-Edu
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- DCLM
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- English UltraFineWeb levels 1–3
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- FineWeb-HQ
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- FineMath
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- FinePhrase
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The tokenizer and training stream were frozen before training.
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Public benchmark examples were not used for checkpoint selection.
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## Intended use
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Sol Lite Base is intended for research on highly parameter-efficient language modeling, including:
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- extremely small language models
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- recurrent-depth architectures
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- grouped-query attention at small scale
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- compact learned memory
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- distillation experiments
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- efficient inference research
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Because this is a base model, users should expect raw next-token completion behavior rather than instruction-following or assistant-style responses.
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## Limitations
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At approximately 15M parameters, Sol Lite Base has significant capability limitations.
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Outputs may be:
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- inconsistent
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- factually incorrect
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- repetitive
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- incoherent
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- unsafe
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The model is not instruction tuned and should not be treated as a conversational assistant.
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Do not use it for high-stakes decisions.
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Users are responsible for evaluating outputs and determining whether the model is suitable for their application.
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## Repository files
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| `model.safetensors` | FP32 model weights |
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| `modeling_sol_lite.py` | Standalone model, loader, and generator |
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| `config.json` | Architecture configuration |
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| `tokenizer.json` | Frozen tokenizer |
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| `tokenizer_config.json` | Tokenizer metadata |
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| `training_state.json` | Training and provenance summary |
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| `evals/` | Raw benchmark results |
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##
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The
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##
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# Sol Lite Base
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Sol Lite Base is a 14,995,843-parameter language model trained from scratch on 8,153,333,760 tokens. It generates text completions and has not been instruction-tuned.
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The model reuses four transformer blocks for a second pass. Grouped-query attention, loop conditioning, XSA value subtraction, and EngramLite local memory make up the rest of the architecture.
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## Model
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| Setting | Value |
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|---|---|
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| Parameters | 14,995,843 |
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| Training tokens | 8,153,333,760 |
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| Context | 2,048 tokens |
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| Tokenizer | 4,096-entry digit-aware byte-level BPE |
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| Hidden width | 256 |
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| Stored blocks / effective applications | 10 / 14 |
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| Recurrent layout | 1 prelude, 4 middle blocks used twice, 5 coda blocks |
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| Attention | 8 query heads, 2 KV heads, head dimension 32 |
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| Q/K normalization | Per-head RMSNorm with RoPE |
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| Recurrence | Learned pass embeddings and channel-wise refresh gates |
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| FFN | Gated SiLU, width 1,465 |
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| Local memory | 2,048-entry bigram/trigram EngramLite |
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| Token embeddings | Tied to the output head |
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| Weights | FP32 safetensors |
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## Use
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The repository includes a standalone PyTorch implementation, loader, and generation helper.
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```bash
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pip install "torch>=2.5" "transformers>=5" safetensors huggingface_hub
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```
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```python
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from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
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import sys
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print(text)
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```
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## Evaluation
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| Benchmark | Examples | Normalized accuracy |
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|---|---:|---:|
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| HellaSwag | 10,042 | 27.72% |
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| ARC-Easy | 2,376 | 34.72% |
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| ARC-Challenge | 1,172 | 22.87% |
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| PIQA | 1,838 | 57.73% |
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| ArithMark-3 | 1,000 | 34.20% |
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The reported Intelligence Index is 8.799. The language-model tasks use the complete zero-shot evaluation splits with `lm-eval` 0.4.12. ArithMark-3 uses independent tokenization and normalized accuracy. These are local measurements; raw outputs are in `evals/`.
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## Training
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The English curriculum draws from FineWeb-Edu, DCLM, UltraFineWeb levels 1-3, FineWeb-HQ, FineMath, and FinePhrase. The tokenizer and prepared training stream were fixed before training. Public benchmark examples were not used to select the checkpoint.
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## Files
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`model.safetensors` contains the weights. `modeling_sol_lite.py` defines `SolForCausalLM`, the loader, and the generator. Architecture settings are in `config.json`; tokenizer files are `tokenizer.json` and `tokenizer_config.json`. `training_state.json` records training provenance.
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## Limits and license
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This is a research model for small-scale language modeling, recurrence, memory, and distillation experiments. Completions can be repetitive, incoherent, or factually wrong. It has no instruction-following training or assistant safety tuning.
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The model is licensed under [CC BY 4.0](LICENSE). Upstream datasets retain their own terms.
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