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title: ShellElastic
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sdk: static
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---
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title: ShellElastic
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emoji: 🐚
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license: apache-2.0
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short_description: "Scalable elastic pretraining: checkpoints and data"
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---
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The landing page of ShellElastic: Scalable Elastic Pretraining with Simultaneous Maximal Updates and Hyperparameter Transfer. It links the checkpoints and the data of the paper.
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>ShellElastic: Scalable Elastic Pretraining with Simultaneous Maximal Updates and Hyperparameter Transfer</title>
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<style>
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<main>
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<header>
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<h1>ShellElastic</h1>
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<div class="subtitle">Scalable Elastic Pretraining with Simultaneous Maximal Updates and Hyperparameter Transfer</div>
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<p class="authors"><span class="author"><b>Can Jin</b><sup>1*</sup></span> · <span class="author"><b>Yan Kang</b><sup>2</sup></span> · <span class="author"><b>Yifan Gong</b><sup>2</sup></span> · <span class="author"><b>Chongjian Ge</b><sup>2</sup></span> · <span class="author"><b>Mingze Xu</b><sup>2</sup></span> · <span class="author"><b>Yuanjun Xiong</b><sup>2</sup></span> · <span class="author"><b>Dimitris N. Metaxas</b><sup>1</sup></span> · <span class="author"><b>Hongwu Peng</b><sup>2</sup></span></p>
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<p class="affil"><sup>1</sup>Rutgers University   <sup>2</sup>Adobe Research</p>
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<p class="corr"><sup>*</sup>Corresponding author: <a href="mailto:can.jin@rutgers.edu">can.jin@rutgers.edu</a>. Work done during an
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internship at Adobe Research.</p>
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<div class="badges">
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<a href="https://github.com/jincan333/ShellElastic/tree/main/paper"><img alt="Paper" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Paper-PDF-b31b1b?style=for-the-badge"></a>
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<a href="http://localhost:8765/"><img alt="Project Page" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Project-Page-2f6db5?style=for-the-badge"></a>
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<a href="https://github.com/jincan333/ShellElastic"><img alt="Code" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Code-GitHub-181717?style=for-the-badge&logo=github&logoColor=white"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/collections/Can111/shellelastic-checkpoints-and-data-6ac41e3a763d5a3fd0e79111"><img alt="Checkpoints" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Checkpoints-Hugging%20Face-ffd21e?style=for-the-badge&logo=huggingface&logoColor=white"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/collections/Can111/shellelastic-checkpoints-and-data-6ac41e3a763d5a3fd0e79111"><img alt="Datasets" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Datasets-Hugging%20Face-ffd21e?style=for-the-badge&logo=huggingface&logoColor=white"></a>
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<a href="https://github.com/jincan333/ShellElastic/blob/main/LICENSE"><img alt="License" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache--2.0-3da639?style=for-the-badge&logo=apache&logoColor=white"></a>
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</div>
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</header>
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<h2>About ShellElastic</h2>
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<figure><img src="figure1.png" alt="Figure 1 of the paper: the ShellElastic architecture"></figure>
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<p>Foundation models need to support diverse inference budgets. Elastic models train several nested sub-networks inside one weight-shared supernet. ShellElastic is an elastic transformer that organizes hidden dimensions into a dense core and successive shells, so that every hidden matrix is block lower triangular. One full-width forward pass contains the exact hidden states of every sub-network, so joint training keeps a fixed computation graph and costs about as much per step as training the widest sub-network alone.</p>
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<p>µ-Elastic extends maximal update parameterization (µP) to ShellElastic and other elastic architectures. Its scaling rules keep all sub-networks of a supernet maximally updated simultaneously, and hyperparameters tuned on a small non-elastic proxy stay near-optimal for elastic families and larger supernets. A single ShellElastic run produces sub-networks that outperform MatFormer and fully elastic baselines at matched parameter counts, and approach separately trained models that together take several times the steps.</p>
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<h2>Checkpoints</h2>
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<p>Final checkpoints of ShellElastic and four baselines at the three scales of the paper, with sub-networks of about
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119M–285M, 375M–906M and 675M–1.69B parameters (Section 4.1). Each supernet repository holds all five sub-networks
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(Low, Medium, High, Extra, Max) and its reference implementation; each Standalone and Sampled standalone repository
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holds the five models in the folders <code>low/</code> to <code>max/</code>. The repositories are named
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<code class="repo">Can111/ShellElastic-<scale></code> and
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<code class="repo">Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-<method>-<scale></code>.</p>
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<div class="table-wrap"><table>
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<tr><th>Method</th><th>Checkpoints (sub-network sizes)</th></tr>
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<tr><td><b>ShellElastic</b><br><span class="note">Supernet with its five sub-networks (Low, Medium, High, Extra, Max)</span></td><td class="links"><a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-119M-285M" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-119M-285M">119M–285M</a> <a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-375M-906M" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-375M-906M">375M–906M</a> <a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-675M-1.69B" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-675M-1.69B">675M–1.69B</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>MatFormer</b><br><span class="note">Baseline trained for the paper: a supernet that nests only the FFN hidden width</span></td><td class="links"><a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-MatFormer-119M-285M" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-MatFormer-119M-285M">119M–285M</a> <a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-MatFormer-375M-906M" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-MatFormer-375M-906M">375M–906M</a> <a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-MatFormer-675M-1.69B" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-MatFormer-675M-1.69B">675M–1.69B</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Fully elastic</b><br><span class="note">Baseline trained for the paper: a supernet that slices shared dense matrices</span></td><td class="links"><a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-FullyElastic-119M-285M" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-FullyElastic-119M-285M">119M–285M</a> <a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-FullyElastic-375M-906M" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-FullyElastic-375M-906M">375M–906M</a> <a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-FullyElastic-675M-1.69B" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-FullyElastic-675M-1.69B">675M–1.69B</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Standalone</b><br><span class="note">Baseline: five separately trained models, each on the full budget</span></td><td class="links"><a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-Standalone-119M-285M" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-Standalone-119M-285M">119M–285M</a> <a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-Standalone-375M-906M" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-Standalone-375M-906M">375M–906M</a> <a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-Standalone-675M-1.69B" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-Standalone-675M-1.69B">675M–1.69B</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Sampled standalone</b><br><span class="note">Baseline: the five Standalone models trained within the steps of one elastic run</span></td><td class="links"><a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-SampledStandalone-119M-285M" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-SampledStandalone-119M-285M">119M–285M</a> <a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-SampledStandalone-375M-906M" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-SampledStandalone-375M-906M">375M–906M</a> <a class="scale-link" title="Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-SampledStandalone-675M-1.69B" href="https://huggingface.co/Can111/ShellElastic-baseline-SampledStandalone-675M-1.69B">675M–1.69B</a></td></tr>
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</table></div>
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<h2>Data</h2>
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<p><a class="repo" href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/Can111/ShellElastic-data">Can111/ShellElastic-data</a>: the tokenized training and validation data that these runs
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read, in the layout that the code reads. Training: 3,136 shards of DCLM-Baseline
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(141.32 GB, 25,690,112 sequences of 2,049 tokens); validation: 11 shards of held-out C4
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text (1.12 GB, 84,999 sequences).</p>
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<h2>License</h2>
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<p>The code is released under the <a href="https://github.com/jincan333/ShellElastic/blob/main/LICENSE">Apache License 2.0</a>. The checkpoints and the data are
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released under CC BY 4.0; the data also carry the terms of their sources (see the dataset card).</p>
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</main>
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