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Remove-Background-Benchmark

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Tyler Ng

Update app.py

f53953f verified 10 months ago

15.6 kB

import os
import time
import glob
import math
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple, List

import gradio as gr
import spaces

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image

import torch
from torchvision import transforms
from transformers import AutoModelForImageSegmentation
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download

# Slider component
from gradio_imageslider import ImageSlider

# InSPyReNet wrapper
from transparent_background import Remover

# rembg (U2Net + IS-Net via ONNX)
from rembg import new_session, remove as rembg_remove

# withoutBG (4-stage ONNX pipeline)
from withoutbg import WithoutBG


# ----------------------------
# Utilities
# ----------------------------

def pil_to_rgb(pil: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
    if pil.mode != "RGB":
        return pil.convert("RGB")
    return pil


def ensure_rgba(pil: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
    if pil.mode != "RGBA":
        return pil.convert("RGBA")
    return pil


def make_checkerboard(w: int, h: int, block: int = 16) -> Image.Image:
    cols = int(math.ceil(w / block))
    rows = int(math.ceil(h / block))
    board = np.zeros((rows * block, cols * block, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    c1, c2 = np.array([235, 235, 235], dtype=np.uint8), np.array([200, 200, 200], dtype=np.uint8)
    for r in range(rows):
        for c in range(cols):
            color = c1 if (r + c) % 2 == 0 else c2
            board[r * block:(r + 1) * block, c * block:(c + 1) * block] = color
    return Image.fromarray(board[:h, :w, :], mode="RGB")


def rgba_on_checkerboard(rgba: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
    rgba = ensure_rgba(rgba)
    w, h = rgba.size
    bg = make_checkerboard(w, h)
    comp = Image.alpha_composite(bg.convert("RGBA"), rgba)
    return comp.convert("RGB")


def save_temp_png(rgba: Image.Image, out_dir: str = "output_images") -> str:
    os.makedirs(out_dir, exist_ok=True)
    path = os.path.join(out_dir, "no_bg.png")
    ensure_rgba(rgba).save(path, format="PNG")
    return path


def now_ms() -> float:
    return time.perf_counter() * 1000.0


def get_device() -> str:
    """Get device at runtime (important for ZeroGPU)."""
    return "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"


@dataclass
class Timing:
    preprocess_ms: float
    inference_ms: float
    postprocess_ms: float
    total_ms: float

    def to_text(self) -> str:
        return (
            f"preprocess:  {self.preprocess_ms:.2f} ms\n"
            f"inference:   {self.inference_ms:.2f} ms\n"
            f"postprocess: {self.postprocess_ms:.2f} ms\n"
            f"TOTAL:       {self.total_ms:.2f} ms"
        )


# ----------------------------
# Model Manager
# ----------------------------

class ModelManager:
    def __init__(self):
        self._inspy: Optional[Remover] = None
        self._withoutbg: Optional[object] = None
        self._withoutbg_had_gpu: bool = False  # Track if withoutBG was loaded with GPU
        self._torch_models: Dict[str, torch.nn.Module] = {}
        self._torch_model_on_gpu: Optional[str] = None
        self._rembg_sessions: Dict[str, object] = {}
        self._model_load_errors: Dict[str, str] = {}

        self._tf_1024 = transforms.Compose([
            transforms.Resize((1024, 1024)),
            transforms.ToTensor(),
            transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]),
        ])

        try:
            torch.set_float32_matmul_precision("high")
        except Exception:
            pass

    def _maybe_sync(self):
        if get_device() == "cuda":
            torch.cuda.synchronize()

    def _load_inspy(self) -> Remover:
        if self._inspy is None:
            self._inspy = Remover(jit=False)
        return self._inspy

    def _load_withoutbg(self, force_reload: bool = False):
        """
        Load withoutBG model. 
        Automatically reloads if GPU became available after initial load.
        """
        gpu_available_now = torch.cuda.is_available()
        
        # Reload if: forced, not loaded yet, or GPU is now available but wasn't before
        need_reload = (
            force_reload or 
            self._withoutbg is None or 
            (gpu_available_now and not self._withoutbg_had_gpu)
        )
        
        if need_reload:
            self._withoutbg = WithoutBG.opensource()
            self._withoutbg_had_gpu = gpu_available_now
        
        return self._withoutbg

    def _offload_torch_models_from_gpu(self, keep_name: str):
        if get_device() != "cuda":
            return
        if self._torch_model_on_gpu and self._torch_model_on_gpu != keep_name:
            prev = self._torch_models.get(self._torch_model_on_gpu)
            if prev is not None:
                prev.to("cpu")
            self._torch_model_on_gpu = None
            torch.cuda.empty_cache()

    def _load_torch_model(self, key: str) -> torch.nn.Module:
        """Load BiRefNet or BRIA RMBG 2.0 model."""
        if key in self._torch_models:
            return self._torch_models[key]
        
        if key in self._model_load_errors:
            raise RuntimeError(self._model_load_errors[key])

        model_configs = {
            "birefnet": "ZhengPeng7/BiRefNet",
            "bria_rmbg_2": "briaai/RMBG-2.0",
        }
        
        if key not in model_configs:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown model key: {key}")

        model_id = model_configs[key]
        
        try:
            m = AutoModelForImageSegmentation.from_pretrained(
                model_id, 
                trust_remote_code=True
            )
            m.eval()
            m.to("cpu")
            self._torch_models[key] = m
            return m
        except OSError as e:
            error_msg = str(e)
            if "gated" in error_msg.lower() or "401" in error_msg or "access" in error_msg.lower():
                self._model_load_errors[key] = (
                    f"Model '{model_id}' requires license acceptance.\n"
                    f"1. Go to https://huggingface.co/{model_id}\n"
                    f"2. Accept the license agreement\n"
                    f"3. Add HF_TOKEN secret to your Space settings"
                )
            else:
                self._model_load_errors[key] = f"Failed to load {model_id}: {error_msg}"
            raise RuntimeError(self._model_load_errors[key])
        except ImportError as e:
            self._model_load_errors[key] = (
                f"Import error loading {model_id}: {e}\n"
                f"Make sure 'timm' is in requirements.txt"
            )
            raise RuntimeError(self._model_load_errors[key])

    def _get_rembg_session(self, name: str):
        if name in self._rembg_sessions:
            return self._rembg_sessions[name]

        providers = ["CUDAExecutionProvider", "CPUExecutionProvider"]
        try:
            sess = new_session(name, providers=providers)
        except Exception:
            sess = new_session(name)
        
        self._rembg_sessions[name] = sess
        return sess

    def _run_torch_alpha_model(self, model_key: str, image_rgb: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
        device = get_device()
        m = self._load_torch_model(model_key)

        if device == "cuda":
            self._offload_torch_models_from_gpu(keep_name=model_key)
            if self._torch_model_on_gpu != model_key:
                m.to("cuda")
                self._torch_model_on_gpu = model_key

        image_rgb = pil_to_rgb(image_rgb)
        orig_size = image_rgb.size

        x = self._tf_1024(image_rgb).unsqueeze(0).to(device)

        with torch.inference_mode():
            if device == "cuda":
                with torch.autocast(device_type="cuda", dtype=torch.float16):
                    preds = m(x)[-1].sigmoid()
            else:
                preds = m(x)[-1].sigmoid()

        pred = preds[0].squeeze().detach().float().cpu()
        alpha = transforms.ToPILImage()(pred).resize(orig_size, Image.BILINEAR)

        out = image_rgb.convert("RGBA")
        out.putalpha(alpha)
        return out

    def run(self, model_name: str, input_image: Image.Image) -> Tuple[Image.Image, Timing]:
        if input_image is None:
            raise ValueError("No input image")

        t0 = now_ms()

        # Preprocess
        pre0 = now_ms()
        img_rgb = pil_to_rgb(input_image)
        pre1 = now_ms()

        # Inference
        inf0 = now_ms()
        
        if model_name == "InSPyReNet":
            remover = self._load_inspy()
            mask = remover.process(input_image, type="map")
            if isinstance(mask, Image.Image):
                mask = mask.convert("L")
            else:
                mask = Image.fromarray((mask * 255).astype(np.uint8), mode="L")
            out = img_rgb.convert("RGBA")
            out.putalpha(mask)

        elif model_name == "BiRefNet":
            out = self._run_torch_alpha_model("birefnet", img_rgb)

        elif model_name == "U2Net":
            sess = self._get_rembg_session("u2net")
            out = rembg_remove(img_rgb, session=sess)
            out = ensure_rgba(out)

        elif model_name == "BRIA RMBG 2.0":
            out = self._run_torch_alpha_model("bria_rmbg_2", img_rgb)

        elif model_name == "IS-Net":
            sess = self._get_rembg_session("isnet-general-use")
            out = rembg_remove(img_rgb, session=sess)
            out = ensure_rgba(out)

        elif model_name == "withoutBG":
            # Will auto-reload if GPU became available (ZeroGPU)
            model = self._load_withoutbg()
            out = model.remove_background(img_rgb)
            out = ensure_rgba(out)

        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown model: {model_name}")

        self._maybe_sync()
        inf1 = now_ms()

        # Postprocess
        post0 = now_ms()
        out = ensure_rgba(out)
        post1 = now_ms()

        t1 = now_ms()

        timing = Timing(
            preprocess_ms=pre1 - pre0,
            inference_ms=inf1 - inf0,
            postprocess_ms=post1 - post0,
            total_ms=t1 - t0,
        )
        return out, timing


MANAGER = ModelManager()

MODEL_CHOICES = [
    "InSPyReNet",
    "BiRefNet",
    "U2Net",
    "BRIA RMBG 2.0",
    "IS-Net",
    "withoutBG",
]


# ----------------------------
# Gradio handlers
# ----------------------------

@spaces.GPU
def run_single(model_name: str, image: Image.Image):
    if image is None:
        return None, None, "Upload an image first.", None

    try:
        out_rgba, timing = MANAGER.run(model_name, image)
        preview = rgba_on_checkerboard(out_rgba)
        out_path = save_temp_png(out_rgba)
        return (image, preview), out_rgba, timing.to_text(), out_path
    except RuntimeError as e:
        return None, None, f"Error: {str(e)}", None
    except Exception as e:
        return None, None, f"Unexpected error: {str(e)}", None


def list_bench_images() -> List[str]:
    exts = ("*.jpg", "*.jpeg", "*.png", "*.webp")
    files = []
    for e in exts:
        files += glob.glob(os.path.join("bench", e))
    files = sorted(files)

    if not files:
        for f in ["1.jpg", "2.jpg", "3.png", "4.webp"]:
            if os.path.exists(f):
                files.append(f)
    return files


@spaces.GPU
def run_benchmark(model_name: str, repeats: int = 1):
    files = list_bench_images()
    if not files:
        return [], "No benchmark images found. Add 10–15 images under bench/."

    try:
        # Warmup
        warm_img = Image.open(files[0]).convert("RGB")
        for _ in range(2):
            _ = MANAGER.run(model_name, warm_img)

        rows = []
        total_ms = 0.0
        n_images = 0

        for f in files:
            img = Image.open(f).convert("RGB")
            for r in range(repeats):
                out, timing = MANAGER.run(model_name, img)
                rows.append([
                    os.path.basename(f),
                    r + 1,
                    round(timing.total_ms, 2),
                    round(timing.inference_ms, 2),
                ])
                total_ms += timing.total_ms
                n_images += 1

        avg_ms = total_ms / max(1, n_images)
        ips = 1000.0 / avg_ms if avg_ms > 0 else 0.0

        summary = (
            f"Model: {model_name}\n"
            f"Images: {len(files)} (repeats={repeats}) => runs={n_images}\n"
            f"Avg total: {avg_ms:.2f} ms\n"
            f"Estimated throughput: {ips:.2f} images/sec\n"
            f"Device: {'GPU' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'CPU'}"
        )
        return rows, summary
    
    except RuntimeError as e:
        return [], f"Error: {str(e)}"
    except Exception as e:
        return [], f"Unexpected error: {str(e)}"


# ----------------------------
# UI
# ----------------------------

with gr.Blocks(title="Background Removal Benchmark") as demo:
    gr.Markdown(
        """
# Background Removal Benchmark
Benchmarked models:
1. **InSPyReNet** — transparent-background library  
2. **BiRefNet** — ZhengPeng7/BiRefNet (requires `timm`)  
3. **U2Net** — via rembg/ONNX  
4. **BRIA RMBG 2.0** — briaai/RMBG-2.0 (requires license acceptance)  
5. **IS-Net** — isnet-general-use via rembg
6. **withoutBG** — 4-stage ONNX pipeline (Depth → ISNet → Matting → Refiner)
**Notes**
- Output is true transparent PNG (RGBA)
- Slider preview shows result on checkerboard
- For benchmarks, add images under `bench/` folder
⚠️ **BRIA RMBG 2.0**: Requires accepting license at [huggingface.co/briaai/RMBG-2.0](https://huggingface.co/briaai/RMBG-2.0) and adding `HF_TOKEN` secret to Space settings.
"""
    )

    with gr.Tab("Try single image"):
        with gr.Row():
            with gr.Column(scale=1):
                inp = gr.Image(type="pil", label="Upload image", height=420)
                model = gr.Dropdown(choices=MODEL_CHOICES, value="InSPyReNet", label="Model")
                run_btn = gr.Button("Run", variant="primary")
            with gr.Column(scale=2):
                slider = ImageSlider(label="Before / After", type="pil")
                out_img = gr.Image(type="pil", label="Output (RGBA)", height=420)
                timing_box = gr.Textbox(label="Timing / Errors", lines=5)
                out_file = gr.File(label="Download PNG (transparent)")

        run_btn.click(
            fn=run_single,
            inputs=[model, inp],
            outputs=[slider, out_img, timing_box, out_file]
        )

    with gr.Tab("Benchmark (throughput estimate)"):
        with gr.Row():
            with gr.Column(scale=1):
                bench_model = gr.Dropdown(choices=MODEL_CHOICES, value="InSPyReNet", label="Model")
                repeats = gr.Slider(1, 5, value=1, step=1, label="Repeats per image")
                bench_btn = gr.Button("Run benchmark", variant="primary")
            with gr.Column(scale=2):
                bench_table = gr.Dataframe(
                    headers=["file", "repeat", "total_ms", "inference_ms"],
                    datatype=["str", "number", "number", "number"],
                    interactive=False
                )
                bench_summary = gr.Textbox(label="Summary", lines=6)

        bench_btn.click(
            fn=run_benchmark,
            inputs=[bench_model, repeats],
            outputs=[bench_table, bench_summary]
        )

    example_files = []
    for f in ["1.jpg", "2.jpg", "3.png", "4.webp"]:
        if os.path.exists(f):
            example_files.append([f, "InSPyReNet"])
    if example_files:
        gr.Examples(examples=example_files, inputs=[inp, model], label="Examples")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    demo.launch(show_error=True)

	import os
	import time
	import glob
	import math
	from dataclasses import dataclass
	from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple, List

	import gradio as gr
	import spaces

	import numpy as np
	from PIL import Image

	import torch
	from torchvision import transforms
	from transformers import AutoModelForImageSegmentation
	from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download

	# Slider component
	from gradio_imageslider import ImageSlider

	# InSPyReNet wrapper
	from transparent_background import Remover

	# rembg (U2Net + IS-Net via ONNX)
	from rembg import new_session, remove as rembg_remove

	# withoutBG (4-stage ONNX pipeline)
	from withoutbg import WithoutBG


	# ----------------------------
	# Utilities
	# ----------------------------

	def pil_to_rgb(pil: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
	if pil.mode != "RGB":
	return pil.convert("RGB")
	return pil


	def ensure_rgba(pil: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
	if pil.mode != "RGBA":
	return pil.convert("RGBA")
	return pil


	def make_checkerboard(w: int, h: int, block: int = 16) -> Image.Image:
	cols = int(math.ceil(w / block))
	rows = int(math.ceil(h / block))
	board = np.zeros((rows * block, cols * block, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
	c1, c2 = np.array([235, 235, 235], dtype=np.uint8), np.array([200, 200, 200], dtype=np.uint8)
	for r in range(rows):
	for c in range(cols):
	color = c1 if (r + c) % 2 == 0 else c2
	board[r * block:(r + 1) * block, c * block:(c + 1) * block] = color
	return Image.fromarray(board[:h, :w, :], mode="RGB")


	def rgba_on_checkerboard(rgba: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
	rgba = ensure_rgba(rgba)
	w, h = rgba.size
	bg = make_checkerboard(w, h)
	comp = Image.alpha_composite(bg.convert("RGBA"), rgba)
	return comp.convert("RGB")


	def save_temp_png(rgba: Image.Image, out_dir: str = "output_images") -> str:
	os.makedirs(out_dir, exist_ok=True)
	path = os.path.join(out_dir, "no_bg.png")
	ensure_rgba(rgba).save(path, format="PNG")
	return path


	def now_ms() -> float:
	return time.perf_counter() * 1000.0


	def get_device() -> str:
	"""Get device at runtime (important for ZeroGPU)."""
	return "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"


	@dataclass
	class Timing:
	preprocess_ms: float
	inference_ms: float
	postprocess_ms: float
	total_ms: float

	def to_text(self) -> str:
	return (
	f"preprocess: {self.preprocess_ms:.2f} ms\n"
	f"inference: {self.inference_ms:.2f} ms\n"
	f"postprocess: {self.postprocess_ms:.2f} ms\n"
	f"TOTAL: {self.total_ms:.2f} ms"
	)


	# ----------------------------
	# Model Manager
	# ----------------------------

	class ModelManager:
	def __init__(self):
	self._inspy: Optional[Remover] = None
	self._withoutbg: Optional[object] = None
	self._withoutbg_had_gpu: bool = False # Track if withoutBG was loaded with GPU
	self._torch_models: Dict[str, torch.nn.Module] = {}
	self._torch_model_on_gpu: Optional[str] = None
	self._rembg_sessions: Dict[str, object] = {}
	self._model_load_errors: Dict[str, str] = {}

	self._tf_1024 = transforms.Compose([
	transforms.Resize((1024, 1024)),
	transforms.ToTensor(),
	transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]),
	])

	try:
	torch.set_float32_matmul_precision("high")
	except Exception:
	pass

	def _maybe_sync(self):
	if get_device() == "cuda":
	torch.cuda.synchronize()

	def _load_inspy(self) -> Remover:
	if self._inspy is None:
	self._inspy = Remover(jit=False)
	return self._inspy

	def _load_withoutbg(self, force_reload: bool = False):
	"""
	Load withoutBG model.
	Automatically reloads if GPU became available after initial load.
	"""
	gpu_available_now = torch.cuda.is_available()

	# Reload if: forced, not loaded yet, or GPU is now available but wasn't before
	need_reload = (
	force_reload or
	self._withoutbg is None or
	(gpu_available_now and not self._withoutbg_had_gpu)
	)

	if need_reload:
	self._withoutbg = WithoutBG.opensource()
	self._withoutbg_had_gpu = gpu_available_now

	return self._withoutbg

	def _offload_torch_models_from_gpu(self, keep_name: str):
	if get_device() != "cuda":
	return
	if self._torch_model_on_gpu and self._torch_model_on_gpu != keep_name:
	prev = self._torch_models.get(self._torch_model_on_gpu)
	if prev is not None:
	prev.to("cpu")
	self._torch_model_on_gpu = None
	torch.cuda.empty_cache()

	def _load_torch_model(self, key: str) -> torch.nn.Module:
	"""Load BiRefNet or BRIA RMBG 2.0 model."""
	if key in self._torch_models:
	return self._torch_models[key]

	if key in self._model_load_errors:
	raise RuntimeError(self._model_load_errors[key])

	model_configs = {
	"birefnet": "ZhengPeng7/BiRefNet",
	"bria_rmbg_2": "briaai/RMBG-2.0",
	}

	if key not in model_configs:
	raise ValueError(f"Unknown model key: {key}")

	model_id = model_configs[key]

	try:
	m = AutoModelForImageSegmentation.from_pretrained(
	model_id,
	trust_remote_code=True
	)
	m.eval()
	m.to("cpu")
	self._torch_models[key] = m
	return m
	except OSError as e:
	error_msg = str(e)
	if "gated" in error_msg.lower() or "401" in error_msg or "access" in error_msg.lower():
	self._model_load_errors[key] = (
	f"Model '{model_id}' requires license acceptance.\n"
	f"1. Go to https://huggingface.co/{model_id}\n"
	f"2. Accept the license agreement\n"
	f"3. Add HF_TOKEN secret to your Space settings"
	)
	else:
	self._model_load_errors[key] = f"Failed to load {model_id}: {error_msg}"
	raise RuntimeError(self._model_load_errors[key])
	except ImportError as e:
	self._model_load_errors[key] = (
	f"Import error loading {model_id}: {e}\n"
	f"Make sure 'timm' is in requirements.txt"
	)
	raise RuntimeError(self._model_load_errors[key])

	def _get_rembg_session(self, name: str):
	if name in self._rembg_sessions:
	return self._rembg_sessions[name]

	providers = ["CUDAExecutionProvider", "CPUExecutionProvider"]
	try:
	sess = new_session(name, providers=providers)
	except Exception:
	sess = new_session(name)

	self._rembg_sessions[name] = sess
	return sess

	def _run_torch_alpha_model(self, model_key: str, image_rgb: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
	device = get_device()
	m = self._load_torch_model(model_key)

	if device == "cuda":
	self._offload_torch_models_from_gpu(keep_name=model_key)
	if self._torch_model_on_gpu != model_key:
	m.to("cuda")
	self._torch_model_on_gpu = model_key

	image_rgb = pil_to_rgb(image_rgb)
	orig_size = image_rgb.size

	x = self._tf_1024(image_rgb).unsqueeze(0).to(device)

	with torch.inference_mode():
	if device == "cuda":
	with torch.autocast(device_type="cuda", dtype=torch.float16):
	preds = m(x)[-1].sigmoid()
	else:
	preds = m(x)[-1].sigmoid()

	pred = preds[0].squeeze().detach().float().cpu()
	alpha = transforms.ToPILImage()(pred).resize(orig_size, Image.BILINEAR)

	out = image_rgb.convert("RGBA")
	out.putalpha(alpha)
	return out

	def run(self, model_name: str, input_image: Image.Image) -> Tuple[Image.Image, Timing]:
	if input_image is None:
	raise ValueError("No input image")

	t0 = now_ms()

	# Preprocess
	pre0 = now_ms()
	img_rgb = pil_to_rgb(input_image)
	pre1 = now_ms()

	# Inference
	inf0 = now_ms()

	if model_name == "InSPyReNet":
	remover = self._load_inspy()
	mask = remover.process(input_image, type="map")
	if isinstance(mask, Image.Image):
	mask = mask.convert("L")
	else:
	mask = Image.fromarray((mask * 255).astype(np.uint8), mode="L")
	out = img_rgb.convert("RGBA")
	out.putalpha(mask)

	elif model_name == "BiRefNet":
	out = self._run_torch_alpha_model("birefnet", img_rgb)

	elif model_name == "U2Net":
	sess = self._get_rembg_session("u2net")
	out = rembg_remove(img_rgb, session=sess)
	out = ensure_rgba(out)

	elif model_name == "BRIA RMBG 2.0":
	out = self._run_torch_alpha_model("bria_rmbg_2", img_rgb)

	elif model_name == "IS-Net":
	sess = self._get_rembg_session("isnet-general-use")
	out = rembg_remove(img_rgb, session=sess)
	out = ensure_rgba(out)

	elif model_name == "withoutBG":
	# Will auto-reload if GPU became available (ZeroGPU)
	model = self._load_withoutbg()
	out = model.remove_background(img_rgb)
	out = ensure_rgba(out)

	else:
	raise ValueError(f"Unknown model: {model_name}")

	self._maybe_sync()
	inf1 = now_ms()

	# Postprocess
	post0 = now_ms()
	out = ensure_rgba(out)
	post1 = now_ms()

	t1 = now_ms()

	timing = Timing(
	preprocess_ms=pre1 - pre0,
	inference_ms=inf1 - inf0,
	postprocess_ms=post1 - post0,
	total_ms=t1 - t0,
	)
	return out, timing


	MANAGER = ModelManager()

	MODEL_CHOICES = [
	"InSPyReNet",
	"BiRefNet",
	"U2Net",
	"BRIA RMBG 2.0",
	"IS-Net",
	"withoutBG",
	]


	# ----------------------------
	# Gradio handlers
	# ----------------------------

	@spaces.GPU
	def run_single(model_name: str, image: Image.Image):
	if image is None:
	return None, None, "Upload an image first.", None

	try:
	out_rgba, timing = MANAGER.run(model_name, image)
	preview = rgba_on_checkerboard(out_rgba)
	out_path = save_temp_png(out_rgba)
	return (image, preview), out_rgba, timing.to_text(), out_path
	except RuntimeError as e:
	return None, None, f"Error: {str(e)}", None
	except Exception as e:
	return None, None, f"Unexpected error: {str(e)}", None


	def list_bench_images() -> List[str]:
	exts = (".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".webp")
	files = []
	for e in exts:
	files += glob.glob(os.path.join("bench", e))
	files = sorted(files)

	if not files:
	for f in ["1.jpg", "2.jpg", "3.png", "4.webp"]:
	if os.path.exists(f):
	files.append(f)
	return files


	@spaces.GPU
	def run_benchmark(model_name: str, repeats: int = 1):
	files = list_bench_images()
	if not files:
	return [], "No benchmark images found. Add 10–15 images under bench/."

	try:
	# Warmup
	warm_img = Image.open(files[0]).convert("RGB")
	for _ in range(2):
	_ = MANAGER.run(model_name, warm_img)

	rows = []
	total_ms = 0.0
	n_images = 0

	for f in files:
	img = Image.open(f).convert("RGB")
	for r in range(repeats):
	out, timing = MANAGER.run(model_name, img)
	rows.append([
	os.path.basename(f),
	r + 1,
	round(timing.total_ms, 2),
	round(timing.inference_ms, 2),
	])
	total_ms += timing.total_ms
	n_images += 1

	avg_ms = total_ms / max(1, n_images)
	ips = 1000.0 / avg_ms if avg_ms > 0 else 0.0

	summary = (
	f"Model: {model_name}\n"
	f"Images: {len(files)} (repeats={repeats}) => runs={n_images}\n"
	f"Avg total: {avg_ms:.2f} ms\n"
	f"Estimated throughput: {ips:.2f} images/sec\n"
	f"Device: {'GPU' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'CPU'}"
	)
	return rows, summary

	except RuntimeError as e:
	return [], f"Error: {str(e)}"
	except Exception as e:
	return [], f"Unexpected error: {str(e)}"


	# ----------------------------
	# UI
	# ----------------------------

	with gr.Blocks(title="Background Removal Benchmark") as demo:
	gr.Markdown(
	"""
	# Background Removal Benchmark

	Benchmarked models:
	1. InSPyReNet — transparent-background library
	2. BiRefNet — ZhengPeng7/BiRefNet (requires `timm`)
	3. U2Net — via rembg/ONNX
	4. BRIA RMBG 2.0 — briaai/RMBG-2.0 (requires license acceptance)
	5. IS-Net — isnet-general-use via rembg
	6. withoutBG — 4-stage ONNX pipeline (Depth → ISNet → Matting → Refiner)

	Notes
	- Output is true transparent PNG (RGBA)
	- Slider preview shows result on checkerboard
	- For benchmarks, add images under `bench/` folder

	⚠️ BRIA RMBG 2.0: Requires accepting license at [huggingface.co/briaai/RMBG-2.0](https://huggingface.co/briaai/RMBG-2.0) and adding `HF_TOKEN` secret to Space settings.
	"""
	)

	with gr.Tab("Try single image"):
	with gr.Row():
	with gr.Column(scale=1):
	inp = gr.Image(type="pil", label="Upload image", height=420)
	model = gr.Dropdown(choices=MODEL_CHOICES, value="InSPyReNet", label="Model")
	run_btn = gr.Button("Run", variant="primary")
	with gr.Column(scale=2):
	slider = ImageSlider(label="Before / After", type="pil")
	out_img = gr.Image(type="pil", label="Output (RGBA)", height=420)
	timing_box = gr.Textbox(label="Timing / Errors", lines=5)
	out_file = gr.File(label="Download PNG (transparent)")

	run_btn.click(
	fn=run_single,
	inputs=[model, inp],
	outputs=[slider, out_img, timing_box, out_file]
	)

	with gr.Tab("Benchmark (throughput estimate)"):
	with gr.Row():
	with gr.Column(scale=1):
	bench_model = gr.Dropdown(choices=MODEL_CHOICES, value="InSPyReNet", label="Model")
	repeats = gr.Slider(1, 5, value=1, step=1, label="Repeats per image")
	bench_btn = gr.Button("Run benchmark", variant="primary")
	with gr.Column(scale=2):
	bench_table = gr.Dataframe(
	headers=["file", "repeat", "total_ms", "inference_ms"],
	datatype=["str", "number", "number", "number"],
	interactive=False
	)
	bench_summary = gr.Textbox(label="Summary", lines=6)

	bench_btn.click(
	fn=run_benchmark,
	inputs=[bench_model, repeats],
	outputs=[bench_table, bench_summary]
	)

	example_files = []
	for f in ["1.jpg", "2.jpg", "3.png", "4.webp"]:
	if os.path.exists(f):
	example_files.append([f, "InSPyReNet"])
	if example_files:
	gr.Examples(examples=example_files, inputs=[inp, model], label="Examples")

	if __name__ == "__main__":
	demo.launch(show_error=True)