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rag_artifacts/chunk_embeddings.npy

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rag_artifacts/chunks.parquet

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rag_artifacts/metrics_aggregate.json

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+{
+  "questions_total_gold": 40,
+  "questions_covered_in_logs": 0,
+  "questions_missing_in_logs": 40,
+  "questions_in_logs_not_in_gold": 10,
+  "k": 8,
+  "mean_hit@k_doc": 0.0,
+  "mean_precision@k_doc": 0.0,
+  "mean_recall@k_doc": 0.0,
+  "mean_ndcg@k_doc": 0.0,
+  "mean_hit@k_page": null,
+  "mean_precision@k_page": null,
+  "mean_recall@k_page": null,
+  "mean_ndcg@k_page": null,
+  "avg_gold_docs_per_q": 3.225,
+  "avg_preds_per_q": 0.0,
+  "examples_missing_in_logs": [
+    "how do conductive fillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black modify the sensing and mechanical behavior of cement-based materials compared with silica-fume-enhanced concretes?",
+    "what are the main conduction mechanisms and structural design principles behind self-sensing concrete, and how are these concepts complemented by nano- and micro-scale modifications such as silica fume and graphene additions?",
+    "how does carbon-nanotube dispersion technique influence the electrical conductivity and strain-sensing performance of cement-based composites according to konsta-gdoutos et al. (2014), d’alessandro et al. (2021), and lee et al. (2017)?",
+    "what advantages do hybrid carbon-based fillers (cnts + cnfs or cfs) provide over single-type fillers in cement-based self-sensing composites according to these studies?",
+    "how do graphite, few-layer graphene, and intrinsic graphene composites differ in achieving low percolation thresholds and high piezoresistive performance in cement-based sensors?",
+    "what mechanisms contribute to the self-sensing and environmental stability of graphene-based cement composites compared to graphite-filled composites?",
+    "how do fabrication methods such as ultrasonication, surfactant-assisted dispersion, and surface coating influence the mechanical and electrical properties of smart cement composites containing graphene or graphite fillers?",
+    "how do multi-scale conductive fillers (e.g., steel fibers, carbon black, and mwcnts) collectively enhance the self-sensing performance of ultra-high-performance concrete (uhpc)?",
+    "what mechanisms explain the electromechanical coupling and strain sensitivity observed in self-sensing cementitious composites enhanced with carbon black and metallic fillers?",
+    "how do dispersion and packing optimization techniques (e.g., ultrasonication, maa packing model, and controlled filler ratios) influence both conductivity and mechanical integrity of self-sensing uhpc?"
+  ],
+  "examples_in_logs_not_in_gold": [
+    "compare crack-based vs tunneling-based sensing mechanisms.",
+    "how does cnt aspect ratio influence stress gauge factor in cementitious composites?",
+    "how does cnt length influence stress gauge factor performance?",
+    "how does dimensionality (1d vs 2d fillers) affect sensing performance?",
+    "how does w/b ratio influence piezoresistive sensitivity?",
+    "what conductive filler type typically yields the highest gauge factor in cement-based\ncomposites?",
+    "what conductive filler type typically yields the highest gauge factor in cement-based composites?",
+    "what is smart concerete?",
+    "what is smart concrete",
+    "what wt% concentration range maximizes gauge factor without compromising mechanical\nstrength?"
+  ],
+  "mean_bleu": NaN,
+  "mean_rouge1": NaN,
+  "mean_rouge2": NaN,
+  "mean_rougeL": NaN,
+  "mean_bert_recall": NaN,
+  "mean_bert_f1": NaN
+}

rag_artifacts/metrics_per_question.csv

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+question,covered_in_logs,hit@k_doc,precision@k_doc,recall@k_doc,ndcg@k_doc,hit@k_page,precision@k_page,recall@k_page,ndcg@k_page,n_gold_docs,n_gold_doc_pages,n_pred,bleu,rouge1,rouge2,rougeL,bert_recall,bert_f1
+"how do conductive fillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black modify the sensing and mechanical behavior of cement-based materials compared with silica-fume-enhanced concretes?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,5,0,0,,,,,,
+"what are the main conduction mechanisms and structural design principles behind self-sensing concrete, and how are these concepts complemented by nano- and micro-scale modifications such as silica fume and graphene additions?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,5,0,0,,,,,,
+"how does carbon-nanotube dispersion technique influence the electrical conductivity and strain-sensing performance of cement-based composites according to konsta-gdoutos et al. (2014), d’alessandro et al. (2021), and lee et al. (2017)?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+what advantages do hybrid carbon-based fillers (cnts + cnfs or cfs) provide over single-type fillers in cement-based self-sensing composites according to these studies?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"how do graphite, few-layer graphene, and intrinsic graphene composites differ in achieving low percolation thresholds and high piezoresistive performance in cement-based sensors?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+what mechanisms contribute to the self-sensing and environmental stability of graphene-based cement composites compared to graphite-filled composites?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"how do fabrication methods such as ultrasonication, surfactant-assisted dispersion, and surface coating influence the mechanical and electrical properties of smart cement composites containing graphene or graphite fillers?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"how do multi-scale conductive fillers (e.g., steel fibers, carbon black, and mwcnts) collectively enhance the self-sensing performance of ultra-high-performance concrete (uhpc)?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+what mechanisms explain the electromechanical coupling and strain sensitivity observed in self-sensing cementitious composites enhanced with carbon black and metallic fillers?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"how do dispersion and packing optimization techniques (e.g., ultrasonication, maa packing model, and controlled filler ratios) influence both conductivity and mechanical integrity of self-sensing uhpc?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how do steel fibers and carbon-based fillers influence the strain-sensing and crack-monitoring behavior of smart concrete?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"what is the relationship between gauge factor, linearity, and fiber content in steel- or brass-fiber-reinforced smart concrete?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how do large-scale and cyclic loading tests verify the real-world applicability of self-sensing concrete?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how does nanocarbon black or other conductive additives enhance strain-sensing performance in ultra-high-performance concrete (uhpc)?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+what are the optimal dosages and curing conditions for achieving both mechanical strength and self-sensing in uhpc?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how do mechanical and electrical responses of self-sensing uhpc correlate under cyclic and monotonic loading?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how do ozone and silane surface treatments enhance the interfacial bonding and mechanical performance of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+what microstructural and spectroscopic evidence confirms successful silane grafting and its effects on fiber thermal stability?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how do surface functionalization strategies influence the strain-sensing behavior and durability of cementitious composites containing carbon or natural fibers?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"how do hierarchical cf–cnt fillers, multiscale stainless-steel-wire/nanofiller systems, and cnt/ncb composite fillers collectively demonstrate the benefits of multiscale conductive networks for self-sensing cementitious composites?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,4,0,0,,,,,,
+what do these studies reveal about the dominant piezoresistive mechanisms and their modeling in cement-based materials containing hybrid or hierarchical conductive fillers?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,4,0,0,,,,,,
+"what mix design and processing strategies are recommended by these three studies to obtain high-sensitivity, durable self-sensing composites suitable for structural health monitoring applications?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,4,0,0,,,,,,
+"how do water ingress, moisture saturation, and elevated temperatures respectively affect the electrical resistivity and piezoresistive response of cnt- or mwcnt-based cementitious composites with or without graphite hybridization?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+what mechanisms explain the observed changes in gauge factor and linearity of the strain-sensing response under varying water content and temperature in these cnt/mwcnt-based smart composites?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"based on these three studies, what mix design and operational strategies are recommended to achieve environmentally robust self-sensing cementitious composites for real structural health monitoring conditions?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"how does the use of pearson’s correlation in graphite-based self-sensing cement composites complement traditional râ²-based evaluation, and how can this statistical approach be combined with microstructural design strategies such as excluded volume theory and electrostatic self-assembly to optimize sensing reliability?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"what roles do percolation threshold, filler dispersion, and the excluded volume effect play in controlling piezoresistive sensitivity and linearity in graphite- and cnt/tio2-modified cementitious composites?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how can insights from piezoresistive behavior in graphite/cnt-based composites and the piezopermittivity framework be integrated to design multi-modal self-sensing cementitious systems for structural health monitoring?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"how do specimen size in shpb tests, four-point probe geometry, and mortar thickness in capacitive sensing collectively influence the measured mechanical and electrical responses of cementitious or similar materials?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"what best-practice guidelines can be derived from these three papers for selecting specimen dimensions, probe configurations, and thickness when designing robust self-sensing or high-strain-rate test setups in cement-based materials?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how can concepts from four-point probe correction factors and capacitive thickness dependence be integrated with shpb size-effect findings to interpret or design electrical and mechanical sensing in structurally scaled concrete elements?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"how do graphite-based smart pavement composites, carbon-fiber-reinforced cement mortars, and electricity-based multifunctional concrete collectively demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of embedded self-sensing systems for traffic and impact monitoring?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"what measurement configurations and design choices (e.g., electrode layouts, sensing zone geometry, and filler type) are recommended across these studies to maximize the accuracy and robustness of electrical-resistance-based monitoring in real infrastructures?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how do these works together outline a roadmap from laboratory-scale sensing concepts to practical deployment of electricity-based multifunctional concrete in transportation and structural systems?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how does ozone treatment modify carbon fiber surfaces and improve cement-matrix interaction?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+what are the comparative effects of silane-treated versus ozone-treated carbon fibers on the mechanical performance of cement pastes?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how does silane treatment alter the microstructure and durability of natural fibers such as sisal and bagasse used in cementitious composites?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+how do silane coupling agents affect the mechanical performance and interfacial microstructure of uhpfrc containing steel fibers?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+what role does silane chemistry and concentration play in determining the efficiency of surface modification for bagasse fibers?,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,3,0,0,,,,,,
+"across carbon, steel, and natural fibers, what common mechanisms explain how silane or ozone treatments improve composite strength and self-sensing potential?",0,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,5,0,0,,,,,,

rag_artifacts/rag_logs.jsonl

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+{"run_id": "ca70d974-88ac-4f0f-9855-e373dc760b22", "ts": 1770940738435, "inputs": {"question": "what is smart concerete?", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "S30-Smart Graphite–Cement Composite for Roadway-Integrated Weigh-In-Motion Sensing.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5267006307534708, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.7098788388270614, "combo_score": 0.7419617247568657}, {"doc": "S59-Modifying self-sensing cement-based composites through multiscale composition.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.854222338923855, "score_bm25": 0.44663238855471943, "score_dense": 0.8151288517793684, "combo_score": 0.7163079589553197}, {"doc": "S26-TE~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.9277266170577227, "score_bm25": 0.6934450500586189, "score_dense": 0.549131738611858, "combo_score": 0.7060041955796457}, {"doc": "S26-TE~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 0.701547923740148, "score_dense": 0.4087956025663952, "combo_score": 0.6739826181486025}, {"doc": "S17-Cross tension and compression loading and large-scale testing of strain and damage sensing smart concrete.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6655686811753331, "score_bm25": 0.3671680772098779, "score_dense": 0.8849731734043732, "combo_score": 0.6638102968773125}, {"doc": "1-s2.0-S2090447920301593-main.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.8886339821047743, "score_bm25": 0.6855310749255774, "score_dense": 0.3834955073599744, "combo_score": 0.6256477200530952}, {"doc": "S2-Characterization-of-smart-brass-fiber-reinforced-co_2020_Construction-and-Bu.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.26213070431581836, "score_bm25": 0.48998856253275425, "score_dense": 0.9840270254762131, "combo_score": 0.619246590245057}, {"doc": "S32-Self-stress-sensing-smart-concrete-containing-fine-stee_2019_Construction-an.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.2748116414810267, "score_bm25": 0.5296382441464794, "score_dense": 0.8987706060064166, "combo_score": 0.6008432080908185}], "latency_ms_retriever": 192}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** smart concrete (made from the UHPC containing both FSSAs and steel fibers) under compression in comparison with that of smart concretes made from the UHPCs containing other fillers and (2) to investigate the self-stress sensing capacity of a smart concrete anchorage, made from the UHPC containing both FSSAs and steel fibers, for monitoring the level of prestressing stress. (S32) infrastructure is built to support the growing population, it is essential that it is smart infrastructure to improve the lives Therefore, infrastructures are at the beginning of tures age and slowly deteriorate. (S59) This optimal mix was used to fabricate the smart composite plate, discussed in what follows. (S30) more smart cities, as the world population increases and more people move to urban environments. (S59)\n\n**Citations:** S30; S59; S26; S17; 1", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "smart concrete (made from the UHPC containing both FSSAs and steel fibers) under compression in comparison with that of smart concretes made from the UHPCs containing other fillers and (2) to investigate the self-stress sensing capacity of a smart concrete anchorage, made from the UHPC containing both FSSAs and steel fibers, for monitoring the level of prestressing stress.", "doc": "S32", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "infrastructure is built to support the growing population, it is essential that it is smart infrastructure to improve the lives Therefore, infrastructures are at the beginning of tures age and slowly deteriorate.", "doc": "S59", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "This optimal mix was used to fabricate the smart composite plate, discussed in what follows.", "doc": "S30", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "more smart cities, as the world population increases and more people move to urban environments.", "doc": "S59", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 888, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"run_id": "2a85d7bb-da8c-4710-ad2c-7e6aa024f641", "ts": 1770997604572, "inputs": {"question": "what is smart concrete", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "S17-Cross tension and compression loading and large-scale testing of strain and damage sensing smart concrete.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7812515257335579, "score_bm25": 0.7352663039823301, "score_dense": 0.8767695341602232, "combo_score": 0.8056631625788557}, {"doc": "S74-Strain sensitivity of steel-fiber-reinforced industrial smart concrete.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7180607005519931, "score_bm25": 0.6877152952515094, "score_dense": 0.945573646308848, "combo_score": 0.79996225726459}, {"doc": "S17-Cross tension and compression loading and large-scale testing of strain and damage sensing smart concrete.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6496146887635347, "score_bm25": 0.6763484673337841, "score_dense": 1.0, "combo_score": 0.7977889468291957}, {"doc": "S2-Characterization-of-smart-brass-fiber-reinforced-co_2020_Construction-and-Bu.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7738965578242346, "score_bm25": 0.6927134383580094, "score_dense": 0.8814222037615043, "combo_score": 0.792551880359275}, {"doc": "S2-Characterization-of-smart-brass-fiber-reinforced-co_2020_Construction-and-Bu.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7103253005978989, "score_bm25": 0.6959447697763587, "score_dense": 0.9214132211426111, "combo_score": 0.7904463095693218}, {"doc": "S32-Self-stress-sensing-smart-concrete-containing-fine-stee_2019_Construction-an.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7179642554332893, "score_bm25": 0.7249796891508764, "score_dense": 0.8798064697010471, "combo_score": 0.7848057712556685}, {"doc": "S17-Cross tension and compression loading and large-scale testing of strain and damage sensing smart concrete.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.9153664701009494, "score_bm25": 0.5209537951422858, "score_dense": 0.8750282780116994, "combo_score": 0.7809073907776503}, {"doc": "S32-Self-stress-sensing-smart-concrete-containing-fine-stee_2019_Construction-an.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7547700812189673, "score_bm25": 0.7115274938964362, "score_dense": 0.8204715448416257, "combo_score": 0.7680778904712713}], "latency_ms_retriever": 384}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** Smart concrete can be used in the important structures (hospitals, power plants, schools etc.) and in the critical structural elements such as first floor columns. (S17) concrete can keep the cost of smart concrete at competitive levels for The smart concrete can timely detect structural degradation and enable asset management by collect­ ing data for repair and maintenance. (S17) smart concrete (made from the UHPC containing both FSSAs and steel fibers) under compression in comparison with that of smart concretes made from the UHPCs containing other fillers and (2) to investigate the self-stress sensing capacity of a smart concrete anchorage, made from the UHPC containing both FSSAs and steel fibers, for monitoring the level of prestressing stress. (S32) The crack length sensitivity of smart concrete was 1 and crack length and change in electrical resistance of smart concrete had a strong linear relationship. (S2)\n\n**Citations:** S17; S74; S2; S32", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "Smart concrete can be used in the important structures (hospitals, power plants, schools etc.) and in the critical structural elements such as first floor columns.", "doc": "S17", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "concrete can keep the cost of smart concrete at competitive levels for The smart concrete can timely detect structural degradation and enable asset management by collect­ ing data for repair and maintenance.", "doc": "S17", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "smart concrete (made from the UHPC containing both FSSAs and steel fibers) under compression in comparison with that of smart concretes made from the UHPCs containing other fillers and (2) to investigate the self-stress sensing capacity of a smart concrete anchorage, made from the UHPC containing both FSSAs and steel fibers, for monitoring the level of prestressing stress.", "doc": "S32", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "The crack length sensitivity of smart concrete was 1 and crack length and change in electrical resistance of smart concrete had a strong linear relationship.", "doc": "S2", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 705, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"run_id": "41de8e5a-b695-4346-a034-e9f5800a3e89", "ts": 1771365967079, "inputs": {"question": "How does CNT aspect ratio influence stress gauge factor in cementitious composites?", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "S18-Nano graphite platelets-enabled piezoresistive cementitious composites for structural health monitoring.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 0.7794814256275794, "score_dense": 0.8332826939992174, "combo_score": 0.8671575052879608}, {"doc": "S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5827333666080915, "score_bm25": 0.9521720694653736, "score_dense": 0.9928929853239911, "combo_score": 0.857628824951636}, {"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6121307001579496, "score_bm25": 0.9633116527382539, "score_dense": 0.9117923147094122, "combo_score": 0.8373496317526259}, {"doc": "S84-TA~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.77437341842884, "score_bm25": 0.8154877958180937, "score_dense": 0.8295768393098243, "combo_score": 0.8087890999980099}, {"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5333269983258244, "score_bm25": 0.8552344241838286, "score_dense": 0.9230234415989417, "combo_score": 0.7857778033924725}, {"doc": "S73-Development of self-sensing cement-based sensor using recycled fine waste glass aggregates coated with carbon nanotube.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.500479376942504, "score_bm25": 0.8370845217719457, "score_dense": 0.9461316510102153, "combo_score": 0.779721830018421}, {"doc": "S64-Electrical Properties of Cement-Based Composites with Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Graphite Nanofibers.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5919524504874675, "score_bm25": 0.8129635639261724, "score_dense": 0.8924387626618611, "combo_score": 0.7784503093888364}, {"doc": "S27-Effect of aspect ratio on strain sensing capacity of carbon fiber reinforced cement composites.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5683764285284425, "score_bm25": 0.8795702256398016, "score_dense": 0.8596545285876335, "combo_score": 0.7782458076855266}], "latency_ms_retriever": 111}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** Copper-nickel or nickel-chrome alloy-based strain gauges have a gauge factor of about 2 [27], which is much smaller than that of the cement composites with In addition, the gauge factor obtained in this study is quite similar to the value obtained in previous studies [12]. (S64) The same is more prominent when the dosage of CNT in the smart composite is in lower bound in Sensitivity of smart cement composites incorporated with pristine MWCNTs at 0.5 wt% is higher than cement paste incorporated with OH-MWCNTs and less than COOH-MWCNTs. (S82) was obtained from the average values of the composites under two stress Overall, the cement mortar modified with CNT-coated waste glass showed excellent piezoresistivity, whose sensitivity was dozens of times higher than that of commercially available strain gauge. (S73) However the gage factor was influenced by the maximum stresses Fiber’s aspect ratio is directly related to the calculated gage factors, which were higher as longer fiber was included. (S27)\n\n**Citations:** <a href=\"/file=papers/S18-Nano graphite platelets-enabled piezoresistive cementitious composites for structural health monitoring.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">S18</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">S56</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S82-SY~1.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">S82</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S84-TA~1.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">S84</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S73-Development of self-sensing cement-based sensor using recycled fine waste glass aggregates coated with carbon nanotube.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">S73</a>", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "Copper-nickel or nickel-chrome alloy-based strain gauges have a gauge factor of about 2 [27], which is much smaller than that of the cement composites with In addition, the gauge factor obtained in this study is quite similar to the value obtained in previous studies [12].", "doc": "S64", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "The same is more prominent when the dosage of CNT in the smart composite is in lower bound in Sensitivity of smart cement composites incorporated with pristine MWCNTs at 0.5 wt% is higher than cement paste incorporated with OH-MWCNTs and less than COOH-MWCNTs.", "doc": "S82", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "was obtained from the average values of the composites under two stress Overall, the cement mortar modified with CNT-coated waste glass showed excellent piezoresistivity, whose sensitivity was dozens of times higher than that of commercially available strain gauge.", "doc": "S73", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "However the gage factor was influenced by the maximum stresses Fiber’s aspect ratio is directly related to the calculated gage factors, which were higher as longer fiber was included.", "doc": "S27", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 350, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"run_id": "a8cd2714-ba1c-4c50-945c-8818c3214a57", "ts": 1771368325807, "inputs": {"question": "What conductive filler type typically yields the highest gauge factor in cement-based composites?", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.9240008154272813, "score_bm25": 0.9058841901194752, "score_dense": 0.8167872813418199, "combo_score": 0.8756804142007549}, {"doc": "S18-Nano graphite platelets-enabled piezoresistive cementitious composites for structural health monitoring.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.8395026805096776, "score_bm25": 0.814694884457461, "score_dense": 0.9445213507651488, "combo_score": 0.8740678097962011}, {"doc": "S55-Electro-mechanical self-sensing response of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete in tension.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.6644415097846281, "combo_score": 0.8657766039138513}, {"doc": "S9-Electro-mechanical-self-sensing-response-of-ultra-high-_2018_Composites-Part.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.6644415097846281, "combo_score": 0.8657766039138513}, {"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7695538381891827, "score_bm25": 0.9075974860667206, "score_dense": 0.8938054098991277, "combo_score": 0.8606675612364221}, {"doc": "S68-EF~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7905695293702641, "score_bm25": 0.9550429518584995, "score_dense": 0.7471749173138648, "combo_score": 0.822553711294175}, {"doc": "Revolutionizing infrastructure The evolving landscape of electricity-based multifunctional concrete from concept to practice.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6715129139774919, "score_bm25": 0.8176725081731818, "score_dense": 0.8958990980313201, "combo_score": 0.8051152658577301}, {"doc": "S34-Self-sensing-ultra-high-performance-concrete-fo_2021_Sensors-and-Actuators-A.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7597570291002825, "score_bm25": 0.826967011443848, "score_dense": 0.7791221580219055, "combo_score": 0.7876660753720014}], "latency_ms_retriever": 268}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** The highest gauge factor of the cementitious composites filled with 5 vol% of NGPs is 156, which is far more than 2–3 of metal foil strain gauge. (S18) The highest gauge factor of 451.26 is obtained from cement based smart nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% of COOH-MWCNTs fabricated with The gauge factor of smart cement composites reported in literature is presented in Table 5. (S82) results indicated that the electrical resistance of the brass-coated steel fiber reinforced cement mortar gradually increases with the increase of the splitting load, and obtained that the highest gauge factor of cement-based composite is 5195, which is nearly 2600 times higher than that of metal strain gages with the gage factor of 2. (S34) repeatability on piezoresistive response, highest gauge factor, highest stress sensitivity and good compressive strength were observed in composites containing carbon blacks with the lowest structure (125 cm3/100 g) and the highest resistivity (3.3–3.9 Ω (3) The increase in CBN aggregates structure, surface area and con­ ductivity improved the conductive network inside the composite and reduced its internal capacitance. (S68)\n\n**Citations:** [S82](/file=papers/S82-SY~1.PDF); [S18](/file=papers/S18-Nano%20graphite%20platelets-enabled%20piezoresistive%20cementitious%20composites%20for%20structural%20health%20monitoring.pdf); [S55](/file=papers/S55-Electro-mechanical%20self-sensing%20response%20of%20ultra-high-performance%20fiber-reinforced%20concrete%20in%20tension.pdf); [S9](/file=papers/S9-Electro-mechanical-self-sensing-response-of-ultra-high-_2018_Composites-Part.pdf); [S68](/file=papers/S68-EF~1.PDF)", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "The highest gauge factor of the cementitious composites filled with 5 vol% of NGPs is 156, which is far more than 2–3 of metal foil strain gauge.", "doc": "S18", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "The highest gauge factor of 451.26 is obtained from cement based smart nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% of COOH-MWCNTs fabricated with The gauge factor of smart cement composites reported in literature is presented in Table 5.", "doc": "S82", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "results indicated that the electrical resistance of the brass-coated steel fiber reinforced cement mortar gradually increases with the increase of the splitting load, and obtained that the highest gauge factor of cement-based composite is 5195, which is nearly 2600 times higher than that of metal strain gages with the gage factor of 2.", "doc": "S34", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "repeatability on piezoresistive response, highest gauge factor, highest stress sensitivity and good compressive strength were observed in composites containing carbon blacks with the lowest structure (125 cm3/100 g) and the highest resistivity (3.3–3.9 Ω (3) The increase in CBN aggregates structure, surface area and con­ ductivity improved the conductive network inside the composite and reduced its internal capacitance.", "doc": "S68", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 1051, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"run_id": "f59b7a00-d1eb-42bc-8579-fd65acd682b6", "ts": 1771368900253, "inputs": {"question": "What conductive filler type typically yields the highest gauge factor in cement-based\ncomposites?", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.9240008154272813, "score_bm25": 0.9058841901194752, "score_dense": 0.8167872813418199, "combo_score": 0.8756804142007549}, {"doc": "S18-Nano graphite platelets-enabled piezoresistive cementitious composites for structural health monitoring.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.8395026805096776, "score_bm25": 0.814694884457461, "score_dense": 0.9445213507651488, "combo_score": 0.8740678097962011}, {"doc": "S55-Electro-mechanical self-sensing response of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete in tension.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.6644415097846281, "combo_score": 0.8657766039138513}, {"doc": "S9-Electro-mechanical-self-sensing-response-of-ultra-high-_2018_Composites-Part.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.6644415097846281, "combo_score": 0.8657766039138513}, {"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7695538381891827, "score_bm25": 0.9075974860667206, "score_dense": 0.8938054098991277, "combo_score": 0.8606675612364221}, {"doc": "S68-EF~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7905695293702641, "score_bm25": 0.9550429518584995, "score_dense": 0.7471749173138648, "combo_score": 0.822553711294175}, {"doc": "Revolutionizing infrastructure The evolving landscape of electricity-based multifunctional concrete from concept to practice.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6715129139774919, "score_bm25": 0.8176725081731818, "score_dense": 0.8958990980313201, "combo_score": 0.8051152658577301}, {"doc": "S34-Self-sensing-ultra-high-performance-concrete-fo_2021_Sensors-and-Actuators-A.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7597570291002825, "score_bm25": 0.826967011443848, "score_dense": 0.7791221580219055, "combo_score": 0.7876660753720014}], "latency_ms_retriever": 285}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** The highest gauge factor of the cementitious composites filled with 5 vol% of NGPs is 156, which is far more than 2–3 of metal foil strain gauge. (S18) The highest gauge factor of 451.26 is obtained from cement based smart nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% of COOH-MWCNTs fabricated with The gauge factor of smart cement composites reported in literature is presented in Table 5. (S82) results indicated that the electrical resistance of the brass-coated steel fiber reinforced cement mortar gradually increases with the increase of the splitting load, and obtained that the highest gauge factor of cement-based composite is 5195, which is nearly 2600 times higher than that of metal strain gages with the gage factor of 2. (S34) repeatability on piezoresistive response, highest gauge factor, highest stress sensitivity and good compressive strength were observed in composites containing carbon blacks with the lowest structure (125 cm3/100 g) and the highest resistivity (3.3–3.9 Ω (3) The increase in CBN aggregates structure, surface area and con­ ductivity improved the conductive network inside the composite and reduced its internal capacitance. (S68)\n\n**Citations:** [S82](/file=papers/S82-SY~1.PDF); [S18](/file=papers/S18-Nano%20graphite%20platelets-enabled%20piezoresistive%20cementitious%20composites%20for%20structural%20health%20monitoring.pdf); [S55](/file=papers/S55-Electro-mechanical%20self-sensing%20response%20of%20ultra-high-performance%20fiber-reinforced%20concrete%20in%20tension.pdf); [S9](/file=papers/S9-Electro-mechanical-self-sensing-response-of-ultra-high-_2018_Composites-Part.pdf); [S68](/file=papers/S68-EF~1.PDF)", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "The highest gauge factor of the cementitious composites filled with 5 vol% of NGPs is 156, which is far more than 2–3 of metal foil strain gauge.", "doc": "S18", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "The highest gauge factor of 451.26 is obtained from cement based smart nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% of COOH-MWCNTs fabricated with The gauge factor of smart cement composites reported in literature is presented in Table 5.", "doc": "S82", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "results indicated that the electrical resistance of the brass-coated steel fiber reinforced cement mortar gradually increases with the increase of the splitting load, and obtained that the highest gauge factor of cement-based composite is 5195, which is nearly 2600 times higher than that of metal strain gages with the gage factor of 2.", "doc": "S34", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "repeatability on piezoresistive response, highest gauge factor, highest stress sensitivity and good compressive strength were observed in composites containing carbon blacks with the lowest structure (125 cm3/100 g) and the highest resistivity (3.3–3.9 Ω (3) The increase in CBN aggregates structure, surface area and con­ ductivity improved the conductive network inside the composite and reduced its internal capacitance.", "doc": "S68", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 1040, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"run_id": "5ada8d82-1291-4814-891b-8e51bdc95738", "ts": 1771369393305, "inputs": {"question": "What conductive filler type typically yields the highest gauge factor in cement-based\ncomposites?", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.9240008154272813, "score_bm25": 0.9058841901194752, "score_dense": 0.8167872813418199, "combo_score": 0.8756804142007549}, {"doc": "S18-Nano graphite platelets-enabled piezoresistive cementitious composites for structural health monitoring.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.8395026805096776, "score_bm25": 0.814694884457461, "score_dense": 0.9445213507651488, "combo_score": 0.8740678097962011}, {"doc": "S55-Electro-mechanical self-sensing response of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete in tension.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.6644415097846281, "combo_score": 0.8657766039138513}, {"doc": "S9-Electro-mechanical-self-sensing-response-of-ultra-high-_2018_Composites-Part.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.6644415097846281, "combo_score": 0.8657766039138513}, {"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7695538381891827, "score_bm25": 0.9075974860667206, "score_dense": 0.8938054098991277, "combo_score": 0.8606675612364221}, {"doc": "S68-EF~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7905695293702641, "score_bm25": 0.9550429518584995, "score_dense": 0.7471749173138648, "combo_score": 0.822553711294175}, {"doc": "Revolutionizing infrastructure The evolving landscape of electricity-based multifunctional concrete from concept to practice.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6715129139774919, "score_bm25": 0.8176725081731818, "score_dense": 0.8958990980313201, "combo_score": 0.8051152658577301}, {"doc": "S34-Self-sensing-ultra-high-performance-concrete-fo_2021_Sensors-and-Actuators-A.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7597570291002825, "score_bm25": 0.826967011443848, "score_dense": 0.7791221580219055, "combo_score": 0.7876660753720014}], "latency_ms_retriever": 295}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** The highest gauge factor of the cementitious composites filled with 5 vol% of NGPs is 156, which is far more than 2–3 of metal foil strain gauge. (S18) The highest gauge factor of 451.26 is obtained from cement based smart nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% of COOH-MWCNTs fabricated with The gauge factor of smart cement composites reported in literature is presented in Table 5. (S82) results indicated that the electrical resistance of the brass-coated steel fiber reinforced cement mortar gradually increases with the increase of the splitting load, and obtained that the highest gauge factor of cement-based composite is 5195, which is nearly 2600 times higher than that of metal strain gages with the gage factor of 2. (S34) repeatability on piezoresistive response, highest gauge factor, highest stress sensitivity and good compressive strength were observed in composites containing carbon blacks with the lowest structure (125 cm3/100 g) and the highest resistivity (3.3–3.9 Ω (3) The increase in CBN aggregates structure, surface area and con­ ductivity improved the conductive network inside the composite and reduced its internal capacitance. (S68)\n\n**Citations:** <a href=\"/file=papers/S82-SY~1.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S82</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S18-Nano%20graphite%20platelets-enabled%20piezoresistive%20cementitious%20composites%20for%20structural%20health%20monitoring.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S18</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S55-Electro-mechanical%20self-sensing%20response%20of%20ultra-high-performance%20fiber-reinforced%20concrete%20in%20tension.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S55</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S9-Electro-mechanical-self-sensing-response-of-ultra-high-_2018_Composites-Part.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S9</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S68-EF~1.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S68</a>", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "The highest gauge factor of the cementitious composites filled with 5 vol% of NGPs is 156, which is far more than 2–3 of metal foil strain gauge.", "doc": "S18", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "The highest gauge factor of 451.26 is obtained from cement based smart nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% of COOH-MWCNTs fabricated with The gauge factor of smart cement composites reported in literature is presented in Table 5.", "doc": "S82", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "results indicated that the electrical resistance of the brass-coated steel fiber reinforced cement mortar gradually increases with the increase of the splitting load, and obtained that the highest gauge factor of cement-based composite is 5195, which is nearly 2600 times higher than that of metal strain gages with the gage factor of 2.", "doc": "S34", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "repeatability on piezoresistive response, highest gauge factor, highest stress sensitivity and good compressive strength were observed in composites containing carbon blacks with the lowest structure (125 cm3/100 g) and the highest resistivity (3.3–3.9 Ω (3) The increase in CBN aggregates structure, surface area and con­ ductivity improved the conductive network inside the composite and reduced its internal capacitance.", "doc": "S68", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 1048, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"run_id": "3bef3e6b-b4cb-4531-b287-3685d9b0bd74", "ts": 1771370791775, "inputs": {"question": "How does CNT length influence stress gauge factor performance?", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "S45-Insitu synthesizing carbon nanotubes on cement to develop self-sensing cementitious composites.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6676194053845611, "score_bm25": 0.9539704442079809, "score_dense": 0.9001611250512749, "combo_score": 0.8465414048982725}, {"doc": "S45-Insitu synthesizing carbon nanotubes on cement to develop self-sensing cementitious composites.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6246525781011704, "score_bm25": 0.937502666778104, "score_dense": 0.9025056585907169, "combo_score": 0.8296488369000691}, {"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.741241413314952, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.6662800559668925, "combo_score": 0.7888844463812426}, {"doc": "S45-Insitu synthesizing carbon nanotubes on cement to develop self-sensing cementitious composites.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5308932095950486, "score_bm25": 0.8582121001475044, "score_dense": 0.9269541782395806, "combo_score": 0.7875132642185981}, {"doc": "S78-Mechanical and self-sensing properties of concrete reinforced with carbon nanofibres.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5208098986734895, "score_bm25": 0.9410350103051379, "score_dense": 0.8201862554113928, "combo_score": 0.7666279748581454}, {"doc": "S85-Performance of cement-based sensors with CNT for strain sensing.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5896459104834435, "score_bm25": 0.8911648142453857, "score_dense": 0.8056640829983435, "combo_score": 0.7665088506179862}, {"doc": "S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6068468728468565, "score_bm25": 0.8431882902106639, "score_dense": 0.8075942121140879, "combo_score": 0.7580482337628912}, {"doc": "S85-Performance of cement-based sensors with CNT for strain sensing.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.40988956584361097, "score_bm25": 0.7456437722269638, "score_dense": 1.0, "combo_score": 0.7466600014211724}], "latency_ms_retriever": 255}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** (c) Gauge factor and stress sensitivity of SSCCs with different CNT@Cem contents. (S45) Gauge factor of 0·50% CNT paste at 28 d against loading rate (negative values correspond to unloading cycles) for three different maximum axial loads (the stress levels applied were 1·875, 3·75 and 5·625 MPa, for 3, 6 and 9 kN, respectively) with CNT for strain sensing Downloaded by [ UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE] on [01/02/23]. (S85) 7c, the gauge factor of the control was determined as 21.5 and increased to 748 for the CNT@Cem-25 sample. (S45) (c) Gauge factor and stress sensitivity of SSCCs with different CNT@Cem contents. (S45)\n\n**Citations:** <a href=\"/file=papers/S45-Insitu%20synthesizing%20carbon%20nanotubes%20on%20cement%20to%20develop%20self-sensing%20cementitious%20composites.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S45</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S82-SY~1.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S82</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S78-Mechanical%20and%20self-sensing%20properties%20of%20concrete%20reinforced%20with%20carbon%20nanofibres.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S78</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S85-Performance%20of%20cement-based%20sensors%20with%20CNT%20for%20strain%20sensing.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S85</a>", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "(c) Gauge factor and stress sensitivity of SSCCs with different CNT@Cem contents.", "doc": "S45", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "Gauge factor of 0·50% CNT paste at 28 d against loading rate (negative values correspond to unloading cycles) for three different maximum axial loads (the stress levels applied were 1·875, 3·75 and 5·625 MPa, for 3, 6 and 9 kN, respectively) with CNT for strain sensing Downloaded by [ UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE] on [01/02/23].", "doc": "S85", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "7c, the gauge factor of the control was determined as 21.5 and increased to 748 for the CNT@Cem-25 sample.", "doc": "S45", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "(c) Gauge factor and stress sensitivity of SSCCs with different CNT@Cem contents.", "doc": "S45", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 1149, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"run_id": "e4c49227-6024-4f5a-8cad-80ec3677d131", "ts": 1771460801569, "inputs": {"question": "What wt% concentration range maximizes gauge factor without compromising mechanical\nstrength?", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.8790402335677087, "combo_score": 0.9516160934270834}, {"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.808864208913776, "score_bm25": 0.8417232153736935, "score_dense": 0.7409876481337069, "combo_score": 0.7915712865397236}, {"doc": "S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6586000907518256, "score_bm25": 0.6846054455118996, "score_dense": 0.9432995730406435, "combo_score": 0.780281490095375}, {"doc": "S6-Electrically conductive behaviors and mechanisms of short-cut super-fine stainless wire reinforced reactive powder concrete.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5934252269223372, "score_bm25": 0.6132733778497975, "score_dense": 0.986018745883641, "combo_score": 0.7564170797850969}, {"doc": "S82-SY~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7795433839935102, "score_bm25": 0.6812107614177352, "score_dense": 0.7356861766352866, "combo_score": 0.7325007142774882}, {"doc": "S9-Electro-mechanical-self-sensing-response-of-ultra-high-_2018_Composites-Part.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5614310572840326, "score_bm25": 0.7466386970577691, "score_dense": 0.8444575954399164, "combo_score": 0.7302039644785071}, {"doc": "S55-Electro-mechanical self-sensing response of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete in tension.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5614310572840326, "score_bm25": 0.7466386970577691, "score_dense": 0.8444575954399164, "combo_score": 0.7302039644785071}, {"doc": "Investigation of 3D Printed Self-Sensing UHPC Composites Using Graphite and Hybrid Carbon Microfibers.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6606783911267476, "score_bm25": 0.6412993127401893, "score_dense": 0.8035606372576327, "combo_score": 0.7120175660631342}], "latency_ms_retriever": 118}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** W0.5–W7 gauge factors are all over 5, compared with gauge factor for most conventional strain gauges of 2– 3 (Han and Ou, 2007; Wen and Chung, 2007b; Yu and gauge factor of cementitious composite containing 2 wt% CNT is 220, which is also lower than that Table 4 indicates that there is a correlation between (S56) 0.6, 0.8, and 1 Hz, with acceptable standard deviation (σλdyn) values that remain below or This suggests that the strain gauge factor is largely independent of frequency over this particular range of frequencies. (Investigation) Gauge factor obtained from the present study. (S82) exhibited the highest damage-sensing capacity, as shown in Fig. (S55)\n\n**Citations:** <a href=\"/file=papers/S82-SY~1.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S82</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S56-Self-sensing%20cementitious%20composites%20incorporated%20with%20botryoid%20hybrid%20nano-carbon%20materials%20for%20smart%20infrastructures.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S56</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S6-Electrically%20conductive%20behaviors%20and%20mechanisms%20of%20short-cut%20super-fine%20stainless%20wire%20reinforced%20reactive%20powder%20concrete.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S6</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S9-Electro-mechanical-self-sensing-response-of-ultra-high-_2018_Composites-Part.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S9</a>", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "W0.5–W7 gauge factors are all over 5, compared with gauge factor for most conventional strain gauges of 2– 3 (Han and Ou, 2007; Wen and Chung, 2007b; Yu and gauge factor of cementitious composite containing 2 wt% CNT is 220, which is also lower than that Table 4 indicates that there is a correlation between", "doc": "S56", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "0.6, 0.8, and 1 Hz, with acceptable standard deviation (σλdyn) values that remain below or This suggests that the strain gauge factor is largely independent of frequency over this particular range of frequencies.", "doc": "Investigation", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "Gauge factor obtained from the present study.", "doc": "S82", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "exhibited the highest damage-sensing capacity, as shown in Fig.", "doc": "S55", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 446, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"run_id": "08f3d0ba-8859-4405-8e0f-c93b435b5e8a", "ts": 1771461332649, "inputs": {"question": "How does W/B ratio influence piezoresistive sensitivity?", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.993922045478824, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 1.0, "combo_score": 0.9981766136436472}, {"doc": "S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.88691096438103, "score_bm25": 0.8554727966242814, "score_dense": 0.9107113330185275, "combo_score": 0.8869996615090044}, {"doc": "S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 0.8714375110003663, "score_dense": 0.6433602601928504, "combo_score": 0.81877535737725}, {"doc": "S5-Effects-of-carbon-nanomaterial-type-and-amount-on-self-sensing-_2019_Measure.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.8705512023867852, "score_bm25": 0.9850903893946835, "score_dense": 0.5885017207044643, "combo_score": 0.7920931658162262}, {"doc": "S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.8621022574391713, "score_bm25": 0.8495623899740705, "score_dense": 0.6146186125032255, "combo_score": 0.7593468392252627}, {"doc": "S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.713722554494363, "score_bm25": 0.8082391952504131, "score_dense": 0.6228081342571756, "combo_score": 0.7057117786263031}, {"doc": "S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5483435348053142, "score_bm25": 0.6364820219636336, "score_dense": 0.8588494783933948, "combo_score": 0.6989874583880422}, {"doc": "S56-Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7595611488120403, "score_bm25": 0.7062383042859556, "score_dense": 0.4664848128592966, "combo_score": 0.6263337610731173}], "latency_ms_retriever": 112}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** Effect of W/B ratio on piezoresistivity. (S56) with W/B = 0.75 present considerably poorer piezoresis- tivity than those with W/B = 0.5, which agrees well with the results obtained in Kim et al. (S56) content of BHNCMs is incorporated into SCCBHNCMs, SCCBHNCMs with higher W/B ratio, resulting in higher electrical resistivity and lower piezoresistive sensitivity. (S56) tatively compare the piezoresistive sensitivity, the fitting curves for SW6 are also plotted. (S56)\n\n**Citations:** <a href=\"/file=papers/S56-Self-sensing%20cementitious%20composites%20incorporated%20with%20botryoid%20hybrid%20nano-carbon%20materials%20for%20smart%20infrastructures.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S56</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S5-Effects-of-carbon-nanomaterial-type-and-amount-on-self-sensing-_2019_Measure.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S5</a>\n\n> Note: Only 2 unique source(s) contributed. Add more PDFs or increase Top-K.", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "Effect of W/B ratio on piezoresistivity.", "doc": "S56", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "with W/B = 0.75 present considerably poorer piezoresis- tivity than those with W/B = 0.5, which agrees well with the results obtained in Kim et al.", "doc": "S56", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "content of BHNCMs is incorporated into SCCBHNCMs, SCCBHNCMs with higher W/B ratio, resulting in higher electrical resistivity and lower piezoresistive sensitivity.", "doc": "S56", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "tatively compare the piezoresistive sensitivity, the fitting curves for SW6 are also plotted.", "doc": "S56", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 333, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"run_id": "a70af141-50af-405b-85ec-30215ee8eef0", "ts": 1771461499990, "inputs": {"question": "How does dimensionality (1D vs 2D fillers) affect sensing performance?", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "S58-DE~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7734994300847481, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.7566510862800921, "combo_score": 0.8347102635374613}, {"doc": "PIEZOE~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 0.6737846552458285, "score_dense": 0.6365359472943736, "combo_score": 0.756749775491498}, {"doc": "Development of self-sensing ultra-high-performance concrete using hybrid carbon black and carbon nanofibers.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5348999082858642, "score_bm25": 0.7992842049358385, "score_dense": 0.8845492644148187, "combo_score": 0.7540749397324383}, {"doc": "S88-ST~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.7431839210089385, "score_bm25": 0.7333916982024139, "score_dense": 0.755478518278468, "combo_score": 0.7451640930747929}, {"doc": "S58-DE~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.590772192631221, "score_bm25": 0.7800811759550423, "score_dense": 0.7424487478244431, "combo_score": 0.7082355097056563}, {"doc": "Development of self-sensing ultra-high-performance concrete using hybrid carbon black and carbon nanofibers.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.6523854051190268, "score_bm25": 0.6229443814399147, "score_dense": 0.7965486257539977, "combo_score": 0.7012183862692815}, {"doc": "S58-DE~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5631298423474721, "score_bm25": 0.8143185858623858, "score_dense": 0.7007025032140322, "combo_score": 0.6935155297485702}, {"doc": "PIEZOE~1.PDF", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.9027142761530841, "score_bm25": 0.5376969990317382, "score_dense": 0.6395672172747329, "combo_score": 0.6879502694653399}], "latency_ms_retriever": 303}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** Compared with one-dimension (1D) or two-dimensions (2D) carbon nanomaterials (i.e., CNT, CNF, and GNP), zero-dimension (0D) nano­ carbon black (CB) is rarely explored as conductive fillers to manufacture UHPC-based sensor because of its inferior effectiveness in tailing the conductivity, mechanical properties, and self-sensing capacity. (Development) some functional fillers even lapped with each other. (S58) the effect of stress on the in-plane capacitance depend on the presence of aggregates, which are present in mortars and (v) What are the advantages of capacitance-based self-sensing compared to the widely studied resistance-based (PIEZOE~1) Regarding piezoresistive performance, the stability of sensing performance in response to dynamic cyclic load improves with an increasing content of conductive fillers; the hybrid fillers of CB/CNF enhance the stability of piezoresistive sensing performance of self-sensing (Development)\n\n**Citations:** <a href=\"/file=papers/S58-DE~1.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S58</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/PIEZOE~1.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PIEZOE~1</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/Development%20of%20self-sensing%20ultra-high-performance%20concrete%20using%20hybrid%20carbon%20black%20and%20carbon%20nanofibers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Development</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S88-ST~1.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S88</a>", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "Compared with one-dimension (1D) or two-dimensions (2D) carbon nanomaterials (i.e., CNT, CNF, and GNP), zero-dimension (0D) nano­ carbon black (CB) is rarely explored as conductive fillers to manufacture UHPC-based sensor because of its inferior effectiveness in tailing the conductivity, mechanical properties, and self-sensing capacity.", "doc": "Development", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "some functional fillers even lapped with each other.", "doc": "S58", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "the effect of stress on the in-plane capacitance depend on the presence of aggregates, which are present in mortars and (v) What are the advantages of capacitance-based self-sensing compared to the widely studied resistance-based", "doc": "PIEZOE~1", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "Regarding piezoresistive performance, the stability of sensing performance in response to dynamic cyclic load improves with an increasing content of conductive fillers; the hybrid fillers of CB/CNF enhance the stability of piezoresistive sensing performance of self-sensing", "doc": "Development", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 936, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"run_id": "f6ec0696-df48-47e9-a788-36c6dd898052", "ts": 1771462394105, "inputs": {"question": "Compare crack-based vs tunneling-based sensing mechanisms.", "top_k": 8, "n_sentences": 4, "w_tfidf": 0.3, "w_bm25": 0.3, "w_emb": 0.4, "use_llm": false, "model": "gpt-5", "temperature": 0.2}, "retrieval": {"hits": [{"doc": "Development of self-sensing ultra-high-performance concrete using hybrid carbon black and carbon nanofibers.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 1.0, "score_bm25": 0.6288495218369764, "score_dense": 0.7981998105575274, "combo_score": 0.8079347807741039}, {"doc": "S43 - the 100th anniversary of the four-point probe technique the role of probe geometries in isotropic andanisotropic systems.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.47568867315199015, "score_bm25": 1.0, "score_dense": 0.45358689726039, "combo_score": 0.624141360849753}, {"doc": "Ozone treatment of carbon fiber for reinforcing cement.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5028889030313014, "score_bm25": 0.6960949409426922, "score_dense": 0.6571506676585992, "combo_score": 0.6225554202556378}, {"doc": "Development of sensing concrete Principles, properties and its applications.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.9428744701199966, "score_bm25": 0.27472141434442077, "score_dense": 0.6236830925551956, "combo_score": 0.6147520023614034}, {"doc": "S1-An-experimental-study-of-self-sensing-concrete-enhanced_2020_Construction-an.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.4502569052291563, "score_bm25": 0.6450346481748502, "score_dense": 0.7128335181406997, "combo_score": 0.6137208732774818}, {"doc": "Development of sensing concrete Principles, properties and its applications.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.8621655212460113, "score_bm25": 0.24997385310213305, "score_dense": 0.6979942434691807, "combo_score": 0.6128395096921155}, {"doc": "Development of sensing concrete Principles, properties and its applications.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.2876748455449677, "score_bm25": 0.8006167207316013, "score_dense": 0.6956227910540812, "combo_score": 0.6047365863046031}, {"doc": "S48-Self-sensing properties and piezoresistive effect of high ductility cementitious composite.pdf", "page": "?", "score_tfidf": 0.5135348376797868, "score_bm25": 0.6881356317868511, "score_dense": 0.5896490787508804, "combo_score": 0.5963607723403435}], "latency_ms_retriever": 68}, "output": {"final_answer": "**Answer:** These differences were discussed in detail in Section 4 The self-sensing was analysed by comparison of the mechanical response (load vs time) with the self-sensing (relative resistivity vs time) response together with the strain maps obtained with the The DIC measurement was launched in the same time as the mechanical test and resistivity measurement. (S1) This tutorial provides a brief overview on the development and progress of sensing concrete, putting emphasis on the definition; clas- sification; electrically conductive mechanisms; sensing mechanisms; (Development) Regarding piezoresistive performance, the stability of sensing performance in response to dynamic cyclic load improves with an increasing content of conductive fillers; the hybrid fillers of CB/CNF enhance the stability of piezoresistive sensing performance of self-sensing (Development) The fundamental part is to estab- lish a stable and reliable sensing system, like a “nervous subsystem,” Up to now, for the purpose of diagnostics and evaluation of structural conditions, a great number of sensing techniques have been developed and imple- mented with specific functions and mechanisms. (Development)\n\n**Citations:** <a href=\"/file=papers/Development%20of%20self-sensing%20ultra-high-performance%20concrete%20using%20hybrid%20carbon%20black%20and%20carbon%20nanofibers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Development</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S43%20-%20the%20100th%20anniversary%20of%20the%20four-point%20probe%20technique%20the%20role%20of%20probe%20geometries%20in%20isotropic%20andanisotropic%20systems.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S43</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/Ozone%20treatment%20of%20carbon%20fiber%20for%20reinforcing%20cement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ozone</a>; <a href=\"/file=papers/S1-An-experimental-study-of-self-sensing-concrete-enhanced_2020_Construction-an.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S1</a>", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "These differences were discussed in detail in Section 4 The self-sensing was analysed by comparison of the mechanical response (load vs time) with the self-sensing (relative resistivity vs time) response together with the strain maps obtained with the The DIC measurement was launched in the same time as the mechanical test and resistivity measurement.", "doc": "S1", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "This tutorial provides a brief overview on the development and progress of sensing concrete, putting emphasis on the definition; clas- sification; electrically conductive mechanisms; sensing mechanisms;", "doc": "Development", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "Regarding piezoresistive performance, the stability of sensing performance in response to dynamic cyclic load improves with an increasing content of conductive fillers; the hybrid fillers of CB/CNF enhance the stability of piezoresistive sensing performance of self-sensing", "doc": "Development", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "The fundamental part is to estab- lish a stable and reliable sensing system, like a “nervous subsystem,” Up to now, for the purpose of diagnostics and evaluation of structural conditions, a great number of sensing techniques have been developed and imple- mented with specific functions and mechanisms.", "doc": "Development", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 289, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
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(S1) This tutorial provides a brief overview on the development and progress of sensing concrete, putting emphasis on the definition; clas- sification; electrically conductive mechanisms; sensing mechanisms; (Development) Regarding piezoresistive performance, the stability of sensing performance in response to dynamic cyclic load improves with an increasing content of conductive fillers; the hybrid fillers of CB/CNF enhance the stability of piezoresistive sensing performance of self-sensing (Development) The fundamental part is to estab- lish a stable and reliable sensing system, like a “nervous subsystem,” Up to now, for the purpose of diagnostics and evaluation of structural conditions, a great number of sensing techniques have been developed and imple- mented with specific functions and mechanisms. (Development)\n\n**Citations:** <a href=\"/file=C:\\Users\\kmanc\\Smart_Concrete_Chatbot\\papers\\Development of self-sensing ultra-high-performance concrete using hybrid carbon black and carbon nanofibers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: black; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;\">Development</a>; <a href=\"/file=C:\\Users\\kmanc\\Smart_Concrete_Chatbot\\papers\\S43 - the 100th anniversary of the four-point probe technique the role of probe geometries in isotropic andanisotropic systems.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: black; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;\">S43</a>; <a href=\"/file=C:\\Users\\kmanc\\Smart_Concrete_Chatbot\\papers\\Ozone treatment of carbon fiber for reinforcing cement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: black; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;\">Ozone</a>; <a href=\"/file=C:\\Users\\kmanc\\Smart_Concrete_Chatbot\\papers\\S1-An-experimental-study-of-self-sensing-concrete-enhanced_2020_Construction-an.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: black; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;\">S1</a>", "used_sentences": [{"sent": "These differences were discussed in detail in Section 4 The self-sensing was analysed by comparison of the mechanical response (load vs time) with the self-sensing (relative resistivity vs time) response together with the strain maps obtained with the The DIC measurement was launched in the same time as the mechanical test and resistivity measurement.", "doc": "S1", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "This tutorial provides a brief overview on the development and progress of sensing concrete, putting emphasis on the definition; clas- sification; electrically conductive mechanisms; sensing mechanisms;", "doc": "Development", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "Regarding piezoresistive performance, the stability of sensing performance in response to dynamic cyclic load improves with an increasing content of conductive fillers; the hybrid fillers of CB/CNF enhance the stability of piezoresistive sensing performance of self-sensing", "doc": "Development", "page": "?"}, {"sent": "The fundamental part is to estab- lish a stable and reliable sensing system, like a “nervous subsystem,” Up to now, for the purpose of diagnostics and evaluation of structural conditions, a great number of sensing techniques have been developed and imple- mented with specific functions and mechanisms.", "doc": "Development", "page": "?"}]}, "latency_ms_total": 685, "latency_ms_llm": null, "openai": null}
+{"timestamp": 1773004747.9495323, "question": "How does the concentration of C=O functional groups on graphene oxide influence the piezoresistive sensitivity of cement mortar?", "confidence": 100, "diversity": 5, "answer_length": 3196}
+{"timestamp": 1773004758.3943822, "question": "Explain the difference in signal-to-noise ratio when using CNO-modified fillers versus standard CNTs in high-strain environments.", "confidence": 92, "diversity": 8, "answer_length": 3237}
+{"timestamp": 1773004767.2201657, "question": "Does the presence of ε-phase crystalline structures in the binder affect the modulus of elasticity during SHPB testing?", "confidence": 90, "diversity": 3, "answer_length": 2788}
+{"timestamp": 1773004779.6000435, "question": "Compare the Gauge Factor results for specimens where C=O was reduced to C-OH via thermal treatment.", "confidence": 94, "diversity": 9, "answer_length": 3636}
+{"timestamp": 1773004787.6870162, "question": "What is the impact of σ-π transition states in carbon powder on the electrical conductivity of the composite?", "confidence": 100, "diversity": 9, "answer_length": 2586}
+{"timestamp": 1773004800.21502, "question": "Analyze the frequency response of a sensor using CNO-functionalized MWCNTs under cyclic loading.", "confidence": 98, "diversity": 6, "answer_length": 3361}
+{"timestamp": 1773004811.1010408, "question": "Does the ratio of sp2 to sp3 carbon in the filler change the strain-sensing linearity?", "confidence": 100, "diversity": 9, "answer_length": 2889}
+{"timestamp": 1773004817.6756349, "question": "How do C=O bonds at the filler-matrix interface contribute to tunneling resistance?", "confidence": 87, "diversity": 8, "answer_length": 2447}
+{"timestamp": 1773004827.2061872, "question": "What are the specific peaks for CNO compounds in the FTIR spectrum of this cementitious composite?", "confidence": 90, "diversity": 8, "answer_length": 2592}
+{"timestamp": 1773004835.809256, "question": "Is the ρ (resistivity) of the mortar affected by the alignment of 1D fillers under magnetic fields?", "confidence": 98, "diversity": 4, "answer_length": 2711}
+{"timestamp": 1773004844.1826334, "question": "What is the critical strain rate threshold in SHPB testing where the mortar exhibits transition from brittle to ductile failure?", "confidence": 95, "diversity": 4, "answer_length": 3012}
+{"timestamp": 1773004852.7289596, "question": "How does the pulse shaper thickness in a 20mm SHPB setup affect the rise time for concrete samples?", "confidence": 91, "diversity": 4, "answer_length": 2712}
+{"timestamp": 1773004860.4774845, "question": "Compare the dynamic increase factor (DIF) of CNT-reinforced mortar at 500/s vs 1000/s strain rates.", "confidence": 89, "diversity": 3, "answer_length": 2141}
+{"timestamp": 1773004870.9227061, "question": "Does the capacitive sensing method used in the 2018 study maintain accuracy during microsecond SHPB events?", "confidence": 93, "diversity": 8, "answer_length": 3242}
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+{"timestamp": 1773004896.3274937, "question": "How does the moisture content of the cement matrix influence the longitudinal wave velocity in SHPB experiments?", "confidence": 98, "diversity": 4, "answer_length": 2915}
+{"timestamp": 1773004902.1364927, "question": "Identify the failure mode of GNP-reinforced mortar under high-velocity projectile impact simulation.", "confidence": 91, "diversity": 5, "answer_length": 1885}
+{"timestamp": 1773004910.3619814, "question": "What is the effect of specimen length-to-diameter ratio on the stress equilibrium in dynamic compression tests?", "confidence": 96, "diversity": 2, "answer_length": 2417}
+{"timestamp": 1773004920.2380776, "question": "Compare the fragmentation patterns of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) under dynamic vs. static loading.", "confidence": 99, "diversity": 5, "answer_length": 3061}
+{"timestamp": 1773004929.2661033, "question": "How does the hydration age (7d, 28d, 90d) change the baseline resistance of self-sensing concrete?", "confidence": 88, "diversity": 6, "answer_length": 2926}
+{"timestamp": 1773004939.030053, "question": "Does the C-S-H gel density directly correlate with the tunneling distance between conductive fillers?", "confidence": 99, "diversity": 6, "answer_length": 3099}
+{"timestamp": 1773004948.6442466, "question": "What is the effect of fly ash replacement on the percolation threshold of carbon black in cement?", "confidence": 100, "diversity": 8, "answer_length": 3165}
+{"timestamp": 1773004959.1137805, "question": "Analyze the impact of chloride penetration on the piezoresistive stability of a 0.5 wt% CNT sensor.", "confidence": 98, "diversity": 6, "answer_length": 3224}
+{"timestamp": 1773004969.441732, "question": "How does the alkalinity (pH) of the pore solution affect the dispersion of graphene oxide flakes?", "confidence": 96, "diversity": 5, "answer_length": 3144}
+{"timestamp": 1773004977.7273803, "question": "Is the fractional change in resistance (ΔR/R0) sensitive to temperature fluctuations between -10C and 40C?", "confidence": 93, "diversity": 8, "answer_length": 2778}
+{"timestamp": 1773004986.1239338, "question": "What is the role of silica fume in improving the filler-matrix interfacial bond for strain sensing?", "confidence": 100, "diversity": 3, "answer_length": 2924}
+{"timestamp": 1773004994.7572043, "question": "Compare the piezoresistive performance of specimens cured in water versus those cured in a high-humidity chamber.", "confidence": 92, "diversity": 9, "answer_length": 2627}
+{"timestamp": 1773005004.9071126, "question": "How do superplasticizers influence the electrical connectivity of steel fibers in a fresh mix?", "confidence": 94, "diversity": 3, "answer_length": 3190}
+{"timestamp": 1773005013.2880156, "question": "What is the impact of air-entraining agents on the air-void distribution and its effect on sensing repeatability?", "confidence": 91, "diversity": 6, "answer_length": 2259}
+{"timestamp": 1773005020.123806, "question": "impact of Carbon Black on the percolation threshold", "confidence": 100, "diversity": 6, "answer_length": 2593}
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+{"timestamp": 1773005056.8797517, "question": "comparison of Carbon Black versus standard CNT fillers for piezoresistive stability", "confidence": 99, "diversity": 9, "answer_length": 3611}
+{"timestamp": 1773005065.8885133, "question": "measurement of Carbon Black in mortar composites using 4-probe AC methods", "confidence": 99, "diversity": 9, "answer_length": 3789}
+{"timestamp": 1773005076.6523573, "question": "how Carbon Black influences the piezoresistive linearity under cyclic compression", "confidence": 96, "diversity": 9, "answer_length": 2992}
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