taxonomy_full.txt

CLASS 11 (19 chapters)
  Ch 1: The Living World (13 chunks, 8 sections)
      1.0 - Introduction to Diversity in the Living World
      1.0 - Ernst Mayr Biography
      1.1 - Diversity in the Living World
      1.2 - Taxonomic Categories
      1.2.1 - Species
      1.2.2 - Genus
      1.2.4 - Order, Class, and Phylum
      1.2.7 - Kingdom
  Ch 2: Biological Classification (15 chunks, 15 sections)
      2.0 - Introduction to Biological Classification
      2.0 - Development of the Five Kingdom System
      2.0 - Rationalization of Kingdom Classification
      2.1 - Kingdom Monera
      2.1.1 - Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
      2.1.2 - Metabolic Diversity and Reproduction in Monera
      2.2 - Kingdom Protista
      2.2.2 - Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, and Slime Moulds
      2.2.5 - Protozoans
      2.3 - Kingdom Fungi
      2.3 - Fungal Life Cycle and Classification Basis
      2.3.1 - Classes of Fungi
      2.4 - Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia
      2.6 - Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
      2.6 - Viroids, Prions, and Lichens
  Ch 3: Plant Kingdom (15 chunks, 15 sections)
      3.0 - Introduction to Plant Classification
      3.0 - Modern Taxonomic Approaches
      3.1 - Algae Characteristics and Reproduction
      3.1 - Economic Importance of Algae
      3.1.1 - Chlorophyceae (Green Algae)
      3.1.2 - Phaeophyceae (Brown Algae)
      3.1.3 - Rhodophyceae (Red Algae)
      3.2 - Bryophytes Overview and Life Cycle
      3.2 - Economic and Ecological Importance of Bryophytes
      3.2.1 - Liverworts and Mosses
      3.3 - Pteridophytes: Vascular Non-Seeded Plants
      3.3 - Pteridophyte Reproduction and Classification
      3.4 - Gymnosperms Characteristics
      3.4 - Gymnosperm Reproduction
      3.5 - Angiosperms: Flowering Plants
  Ch 4: Animal Kingdom (19 chunks, 19 sections)
      4.1 - Basis of Classification and Levels of Organisation
      4.1.1 - Organ Systems and Body Symmetry
      4.1.3 - Germinal Layers and Coelom
      4.1.5 - Segmentation and Notochord
      4.2.1 - Phylum – Porifera
      4.2.2 - Phylum – Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
      4.2.3 - Phyla – Ctenophora and Platyhelminthes
      4.2.5 - Phyla – Aschelminthes and Annelida
      4.2.7 - Phylum – Arthropoda
      4.2.8 - Phylum – Mollusca
      4.2.9 - Phyla – Echinodermata and Hemichordata
      4.2.11 - Phylum – Chordata and Subphyla
      4.2.11.1 - Class – Cyclostomata
      4.2.11.2 - Class – Chondrichthyes
      4.2.11.3 - Class – Osteichthyes
      4.2.11.4 - Class – Amphibia
      4.2.11.5 - Class – Reptilia
      4.2.11.6 - Class – Aves
      4.2.11.7 - Class – Mammalia
  Ch 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants (13 chunks, 13 sections)
      5.0 - Introduction to Plant Morphology
      5.1 - The Root System
      5.1.1 - Regions of the Root
      5.2 - The Stem
      5.3 - The Leaf Structure and Venation
      5.3.2 - Types of Leaves and Phyllotaxy
      5.4 - The Inflorescence
      5.5 - The Flower Structure and Symmetry
      5.5 - Floral Parts Positioning and Aestivation
      5.5.1.3 - Androecium and Gynoecium
      5.6 - The Fruit
      5.7 - Seed Structure
      5.9 - Family Solanaceae
  Ch 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants (8 chunks, 8 sections)
      6.0 - Introduction to Plant Anatomy
      6.1 - The Tissue System and Epidermal Tissue
      6.1.1 - Stomatal Apparatus and Epidermal Appendages
      6.1.2 - Ground and Vascular Tissue Systems
      6.2.1 - Anatomy of Dicotyledonous Root
      6.2.2 - Monocot Root and Dicot Stem Anatomy
      6.2.3 - Vascular Arrangement in Stems
      6.2.5 - Anatomy of Dorsiventral and Isobilateral Leaves
  Ch 7: Structural Organisation in Animals (6 chunks, 6 sections)
      7.1 - Organ and Organ System
      7.2 - Frogs: Habitat and Morphology
      7.2.1 - Frog Morphology and Digestive Anatomy
      7.2.2 - Frog Respiratory and Vascular Systems
      7.2.2 - Frog Excretory and Coordination Systems
      7.2.2 - Frog Reproductive Systems and Ecology
  Ch 8: Cell: The Unit of Life (16 chunks, 16 sections)
      8.1 - What is a Cell?
      8.2 - Cell Theory
      8.3 - An Overview of Cell
      8.3 - Cell Size and Shape
      8.4 - Prokaryotic Cells
      8.4.1 - Cell Envelope and its Modifications
      8.4.2 - Surface Structures, Ribosomes, and Inclusion Bodies
      8.5 - Eukaryotic Cells
      8.5.1 - Cell Membrane and the Fluid Mosaic Model
      8.5.2 - Cell Wall
      8.5.3 - Endomembrane System
      8.5.3.3 - Lysosomes and Vacuoles
      8.5.4 - Mitochondria and Plastids
      8.5.6 - Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton, Cilia, and Flagella
      8.5.9 - Centrosome, Centrioles, and the Nucleus
      8.5.10 - Chromosomes and Microbodies
  Ch 9: Biomolecules (24 chunks, 14 sections)
      9.1 - How to Analyse Chemical Composition?
      9.2 - Primary and Secondary Metabolites
      9.3 - Biomacromolecules
      9.4 - Proteins
      9.5 - Polysaccharides
      9.6 - Nucleic Acids
      9.7 - Structure of Proteins
      9.8 - Enzymes
      9.8.1 - Chemical Reactions
      9.8.2 - How do Enzymes bring about such High Rates of Chemical Conversions?
      9.8.3 - Nature of Enzyme Action
      9.8.4 - Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
      9.8.5 - Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes
      9.8.6 - Co-factors
  Ch 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division (17 chunks, 17 sections)
      10.0 - Introduction
      10.1 - Cell Cycle
      10.1.1 - Phases of Cell Cycle
      10.1.1 - Interphase Detail
      10.1.1 - G2 and Quiescent Stage
      10.2 - M Phase
      10.2.1 - Prophase and Metaphase
      10.2.2 - Metaphase Plate and Anaphase
      10.2.3 - Anaphase and Telophase
      10.2.5 - Cytokinesis
      10.3 - Significance of Mitosis
      10.4 - Meiosis
      10.4.1 - Meiosis I - Prophase I Stages
      10.4.1 - Meiosis I - Crossing Over and Diplotene
      10.4.1 - Meiosis I - Diakinesis to Telophase I
      10.4.2 - Meiosis II
      10.5 - Significance of Meiosis
  Ch 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants (14 chunks, 14 sections)
      11.1 - What do we Know?
      11.2 - Early Experiments
      11.2 - Historical Development of Photosynthetic Equations
      11.3 - Where does Photosynthesis take place?
      11.4 - How many Types of Pigments are involved in Photosynthesis?
      11.5 - What is Light Reaction?
      11.6 - The Electron Transport
      11.6.1 - Splitting of Water and Photophosphorylation
      11.6.3 - Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
      11.7 - Where are the ATP and NADPH Used?
      11.7.2 - The Calvin Cycle
      11.8 - The C4 Pathway
      11.9 - Photorespiration
      11.10 - Factors affecting Photosynthesis
  Ch 12: Respiration in Plants (14 chunks, 14 sections)
      12.0 - Introduction to Cellular Respiration
      12.0 - The Mechanism of Respiration
      12.1 - Do Plants Breathe?
      12.1 - Catabolism of Glucose
      12.2 - Glycolysis
      12.2 - Steps of Glycolysis
      12.3 - Fermentation
      12.4 - Aerobic Respiration
      12.4.1 - Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
      12.4.2 - Electron Transport System (ETS) and Oxidative Phosphorylation
      12.4.2 - ATP Synthesis and Chemiosmosis
      12.5 - The Respiratory Balance Sheet
      12.6 - Amphibolic Pathway
      12.7 - Respiratory Quotient
  Ch 13: Plant Growth and Development (11 chunks, 11 sections)
      13.0 - Introduction to Plant Development
      13.1 - Characteristics of Plant Growth
      13.1.2 - Measurability and Phases of Growth
      13.1.4 - Growth Rates and the Sigmoid Curve
      13.1.5 - Conditions for Growth
      13.2 - Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
      13.3 - Development and Plasticity
      13.4 - Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)
      13.4.3 - Physiological Effects of Auxins and Gibberellins
      13.4.3.3 - Physiological Effects of Cytokinins and Ethylene
      13.4.3.5 - Abscisic Acid and Integrative Control
  Ch 14: Breathing and Exchange of Gases (8 chunks, 8 sections)
      14.1 - Respiratory Organs
      14.1.1 - Human Respiratory System
      14.2 - Mechanism of Breathing
      14.2.1 - Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
      14.3 - Exchange of Gases
      14.4 - Transport of Gases and Oxygen
      14.4.2 - Transport of Carbon dioxide
      14.5 - Regulation of Respiration and Disorders
  Ch 15: Body Fluids and Circulation (16 chunks, 16 sections)
      15.1 - Blood and Plasma
      15.1.2 - Formed Elements - Erythrocytes
      15.1.2 - Formed Elements - Leucocytes and Platelets
      15.1.3 - Blood Groups - ABO System
      15.1.3.2 - Rh Grouping and Incompatibility
      15.1.4 - Coagulation of Blood
      15.2 - Lymph and Circulatory Pathways
      15.3 - Vertebrate Heart Evolution
      15.3.1 - The Human Heart Structure
      15.3.1 - Cardiac Musculature and Nodal Tissue
      15.3.2 - The Cardiac Cycle
      15.3.2 - Cardiac Output and Heart Sounds
      15.3.3 - Electrocardiogram (ECG)
      15.4 - Double Circulation
      15.5 - Regulation of Cardiac Activity
      15.6 - Disorders of the Circulatory System
  Ch 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination (22 chunks, 8 sections)
      16.0 - Introduction
      16.2 - Urine Formation
      16.3 - Function of the Tubules
      16.4 - Mechanism of Concentration of the Filtrate
      16.5 - Regulation of Kidney Function
      16.6 - Micturition
      16.7 - Role of other Organs in Excretion
      16.8 - Disorders of the Excretory System
  Ch 17: Locomotion and Movement (20 chunks, 6 sections)
      17.0 - Introduction
      17.1 - Types of Movement
      17.2 - Muscle
      17.3 - Skeletal System
      17.4 - Joints
      17.5 - Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System
  Ch 18: Neural Control and Coordination (16 chunks, 10 sections)
      18.0 - Introduction
      18.1 - Neural System
      18.2 - Human Neural System
      18.3 - Neuron as Structural and Functional Unit of Neural System
      18.3 - Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse
      18.3 - Transmission of Impulses
      18.4 - Central Neural System
      18.4 - Forebrain
      18.4 - Midbrain
      18.4 - Hindbrain
  Ch 19: Chemical Coordination and Integration (21 chunks, 15 sections)
      19.0 - Introduction
      19.1 - Endocrine Glands and Hormones
      19.2 - Human Endocrine System
      19.2 - The Hypothalamus
      19.2 - The Pituitary Gland
      19.2 - The Pineal Gland
      19.2 - Thyroid Gland
      19.2 - Parathyroid Gland
      19.2 - Thymus
      19.2 - Adrenal Gland
      19.2 - Pancreas
      19.2 - Testis
      19.2 - Ovary
      19.3 - Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract
      19.4 - Mechanism of Hormone Action
CLASS 12 (13 chapters)
  Ch 0: Title and Front Matter (21 chunks, 9 sections)
      0.0 - Title Page
      0.0 - Copyright
      0.0 - Publication Offices
      0.0 - Foreword
      0.0 - Rationalisation of Content
      0.0 - Preface
      0.0 - Textbook Development Committee
      0.0 - Acknowledgements
      0.0 - Table of Contents
  Ch 2: Human Reproduction (30 chunks, 7 sections)
      2.1 - The Male Reproductive System
      2.2 - The Female Reproductive System
      2.3 - Gametogenesis
      2.4 - Menstrual Cycle
      2.5 - Fertilisation and Implantation
      2.6 - Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
      2.7 - Parturition and Lactation
  Ch 3: Reproductive Health (30 chunks, 6 sections)
      3.0 - Introduction
      3.1 - Reproductive Health - Problems and Strategies
      3.2 - Population Stabilisation and Birth Control
      3.3 - Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)
      3.4 - Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
      3.5 - Infertility
  Ch 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation (60 chunks, 20 sections)
      4.0 - Introduction
      4.1 - Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
      4.2 - Inheritance of One Gene
      4.2.1 - Law of Dominance
      4.2.2 - Law of Segregation
      4.2.2.1 - Incomplete Dominance
      4.2.2.2 - Co-dominance
      4.3 - Inheritance of Two Genes
      4.3.1 - Law of Independent Assortment
      4.3.2 - Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
      4.3.3 - Linkage and Recombination
      4.4 - Polygenic Inheritance
      4.5 - Pleiotropy
      4.6 - Sex Determination
      4.6.1 - Sex Determination in Humans
      4.6.2 - Sex Determination in Honey Bee
      4.7 - Mutation
      4.8.1 - Pedigree Analysis
      4.8.2 - Mendelian Disorders
      4.8.3 - Chromosomal Disorders
  Ch 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance (69 chunks, 25 sections)
      5.0 - Introduction
      5.1 - The DNA
      5.1.1 - Structure of Polynucleotide Chain
      5.1.2 - Packaging of DNA Helix
      5.2 - The Search for Genetic Material
      5.2.1 - The Genetic Material is DNA
      5.2.2 - Properties of Genetic Material (DNA versus RNA)
      5.3 - RNA World
      5.4 - Replication
      5.4.1 - The Experimental Proof
      5.4.2 - The Machinery and the Enzymes
      5.5 - Transcription
      5.5.1 - Transcription Unit
      5.5.2 - Transcription Unit and the Gene
      5.5.3 - Types of RNA and the process of Transcription
      5.6 - Genetic Code
      5.6.1 - Mutations and Genetic Code
      5.6.2 - tRNA- the Adapter Molecule
      5.7 - Translation
      5.8 - Regulation of Gene Expression
      5.8.1 - The Lac operon
      5.9 - Human Genome Project
      5.9.1 - Salient Features of Human Genome
      5.9.2 - Applications and Future Challenges
      5.10 - DNA Fingerprinting
  Ch 6: Evolution (36 chunks, 10 sections)
      6.0 - Introduction
      6.1 - Origin of Life
      6.2 - Evolution of Life Forms - A Theory
      6.3 - What are the Evidences for Evolution?
      6.4 - What is Adaptive Radiation?
      6.5 - Biological Evolution
      6.6 - Mechanism of Evolution
      6.7 - Hardy-Weinberg Principle
      6.8 - A Brief Account of Evolution
      6.9 - Origin and Evolution of Man
  Ch 7: Human Health and Disease (55 chunks, 17 sections)
      7.0 - Introduction
      7.1 - Common Diseases in Humans
      7.2 - Immunity
      7.2.1 - Innate Immunity
      7.2.2 - Acquired Immunity
      7.2.3 - Active and Passive Immunity
      7.2.4 - Vaccination and Immunisation
      7.2.5 - Allergies
      7.2.6 - Auto Immunity
      7.2.7 - Immune System in the Body
      7.3 - AIDS
      7.4 - Cancer
      7.5 - Drugs and Alcohol Abuse
      7.5.1 - Adolescence and Drug/Alcohol Abuse
      7.5.2 - Addiction and Dependence
      7.5.3 - Effects of Drug/Alcohol Abuse
      7.5.4 - Prevention and Control
  Ch 8: Microbes in Human Welfare (23 chunks, 10 sections)
      8.0 - Introduction
      8.1 - Microbes in Household Products
      8.2 - Microbes in Industrial Products
      8.2.1 - Fermented Beverages
      8.2.2 - Antibiotics
      8.2.3 - Chemicals, Enzymes and other Bioactive Molecules
      8.3 - Microbes in Sewage Treatment
      8.4 - Microbes in Production of Biogas
      8.5 - Microbes as Biocontrol Agents
      8.6 - Microbes as Biofertilisers
  Ch 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes (29 chunks, 13 sections)
      9.0 - Introduction
      9.1 - Principles of Biotechnology
      9.2 - Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
      9.2.1 - Restriction Enzymes
      9.2.2 - Cloning Vectors
      9.2.3 - Competent Host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA)
      9.3 - Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology
      9.3.1 - Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA)
      9.3.2 - Cutting of DNA at Specific Locations
      9.3.3 - Amplification of Gene of Interest using PCR
      9.3.4 - Insertion of Recombinant DNA into the Host Cell/Organism
      9.3.5 - Obtaining the Foreign Gene Product
      9.3.6 - Downstream Processing
  Ch 10: Biotechnology and Its Applications (27 chunks, 8 sections)
      10.0 - Introduction
      10.1 - Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture
      10.2 - Biotechnological Applications in Medicine
      10.2.1 - Genetically Engineered Insulin
      10.2.2 - Gene Therapy
      10.2.3 - Molecular Diagnosis
      10.3 - Transgenic Animals
      10.4 - Ethical Issues
  Ch 11: Organisms and Populations (30 chunks, 6 sections)
      11.0 - Introduction
      11.1 - Populations
      11.1.1 - Population Attributes
      11.1.2 - Population Growth
      11.1.3 - Life History Variation
      11.1.4 - Population Interactions
  Ch 12: Ecosystem (14 chunks, 5 sections)
      12.0 - Introduction
      12.2 - Productivity
      12.3 - Decomposition
      12.4 - Energy Flow
      12.5 - Ecological Pyramids
  Ch 13: Biodiversity and Conservation (19 chunks, 8 sections)
      13.0 - Introduction
      13.1 - Biodiversity
      13.1.1 - How Many Species are there on Earth and How Many in India?
      13.1.2 - Patterns of Biodiversity
      13.1.3 - The importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem
      13.1.4 - Loss of Biodiversity
      13.2.1 - Why Should We Conserve Biodiversity?
      13.2.2 - How do we conserve Biodiversity?