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| """資料分析：讀取公開資料，查詢各縣市學生人數。""" | |
| import csv | |
| from pathlib import Path | |
| DATA_FILE = Path("data/students_by_county.csv") | |
| SAMPLE_YEAR = "114" | |
| SAMPLE_FIELD = "國小[人]" | |
| def load_rows(path=DATA_FILE): | |
| """讀取 CSV；utf-8-sig 也能正確處理政府資料常見的 BOM。""" | |
| with open(path, encoding="utf-8-sig", newline="") as file: | |
| return list(csv.DictReader(file)) | |
| def parse_count(value): | |
| """將有人數的欄位轉成整數；空白或非數字代表未知，不當成 0。""" | |
| cleaned = (value or "").strip().replace(",", "") | |
| if not cleaned or cleaned == "-": | |
| return None | |
| try: | |
| return int(cleaned) | |
| except ValueError: | |
| return None | |
| def count_by_county(rows, school_year, field): | |
| """依學年度篩選，再回傳各縣市的人數排序。""" | |
| totals = {} | |
| for row in rows: | |
| if row.get("學年度", "").strip() != str(school_year): | |
| continue | |
| count = parse_count(row.get(field)) | |
| county = row.get("縣市別", "").strip() | |
| if county and count is not None: | |
| totals[county] = count | |
| return sorted(totals.items(), key=lambda item: item[1], reverse=True) | |
| def get_count(rows, school_year, county, field): | |
| """取得指定學年度、縣市及欄位的人數；找不到時回傳 None。""" | |
| for row in rows: | |
| if row.get("學年度", "").strip() != str(school_year): | |
| continue | |
| if row.get("縣市別", "").strip() == county: | |
| return parse_count(row.get(field)) | |
| return None | |
| def print_text_chart(results, limit=8): | |
| """在 Console 印出簡單長條圖，讓每筆數字都能被核對。""" | |
| if not results: | |
| print("沒有符合條件的資料，請檢查學年度和欄位名稱。") | |
| return | |
| visible = results[:limit] | |
| largest = max(value for _, value in visible) | |
| print("縣市 人數 | 比例長條") | |
| for county, value in visible: | |
| bar_length = round(value / largest * 24) if largest else 0 | |
| print(f"{county:<6} {value:>8,} | {'█' * bar_length}") | |
| def main(): | |
| rows = load_rows() | |
| fields = list(rows[0]) if rows else [] | |
| print("=== 資料分析：縣市學生人數 ===") | |
| print(f"讀入 {len(rows)} 列資料") | |
| print(f"欄位：{', '.join(fields)}") | |
| print() | |
| # 範例問題：114 學年度，哪些縣市的國小學生人數最多？ | |
| question = f"{SAMPLE_YEAR} 學年度，哪些縣市的 {SAMPLE_FIELD} 最多？" | |
| results = count_by_county(rows, SAMPLE_YEAR, SAMPLE_FIELD) | |
| print(f"範例問題：{question}") | |
| print_text_chart(results) | |
| # 你的下一步：換一個學年度、教育階段或可比較的欄位， | |
| # 先寫下預測，再執行並核對其中一筆原始資料。 | |
| if __name__ == "__main__": | |
| main() | |