Publish standalone Lesson 21 starter for students continuing from Lesson 19

classroom_data/course.json

@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@
       "project": "公開資料分析",
       "output": "用排名、差值或圖表回答自己的問題，說明計算方式。",
       "workspace_id": "week19",
-      "template": false,
+      "template": true,
       "guide": {
         "goal": "用排名、差值或圖表回答自己的問題，說明計算方式。",
         "source_title": "教育部統計處｜各級學校縣市別學生人數",
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
           {
             "time": "0–20 分",
             "title": "人數增減",
-            "body": "用兩個原始數字相減，完成新北市示範與臺中市練習。"
+            "body": "先執行 L21 套版；讀檔、數字轉換與查詢函式已備好，不需先完成 L20。核對兩個原始人數，再做新北市示範與臺中市練習。已有專案者先暫存，再決定是否匯入套版。"
           },
           {
             "time": "20–35 分",

classroom_data/templates/week21/DATA_SOURCE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# 範例資料來源
+
+- 資料集：教育部統計處「各級學校縣市別學生人數」
+- 資料集頁面：https://data.gov.tw/dataset/40121
+- 原始 CSV：`data/students_by_county.csv`
+- 內容：104–114 學年度各縣市各教育階段的彙總學生人數。
+- 檔案共有 242 筆資料、15 個欄位，涵蓋 22 個縣市。
+- 授權：政府資料開放授權條款第 1 版；使用或改作時保留資料來源註記。
+
+## 下載同一份資料
+
+1. 開啟上方資料集頁面。
+2. 找到「資料資源下載網址」，按左側的 **CSV** 按鈕。旁邊的「檢視資料」是檔案說明。
+3. 下載的檔名是 `edu_B_1_4.csv`。本課把它改名為 `students_by_county.csv`，放在專案的 `data` 資料夾。
+
+課堂專案已附檔，不需要重新下載。網站之後可能更新年份；上課範例以本課提供的 104–114 學年度版本為準。
+
+這是彙總統計資料。它可以回答「多少人」或「不同地區、學年度的數值如何變化」，不能單獨說明變化的原因。若換成其他公開資料，請把來源網址、下載日期、欄位和單位補進本檔。

classroom_data/templates/week21/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Lesson 21｜比較與圖表
+
+執行 `main.py` 就能看到人數排名、文字長條圖，以及兩個學年度的原始人數。CSV 和工具函式都已備好，只使用 Python 內建模組，不需要另外安裝套件或下載資料。
+
+## 怎麼使用
+
+1. 先執行一次，確認讀入 242 列資料，並看到 114 學年度的國小人數排名。
+2. 在 CSV 裡找到其中一筆數字，核對學年度、縣市與欄位。
+3. 到 `main()` 下半部，找到 `change = None`，改成「後來的人數減去原來的人數」的算式，再執行。
+4. 修改檔案上方的 `COUNTY`、`BEFORE_YEAR`、`AFTER_YEAR`、`FIELD` 或 `TOP_N`，回答自己的問題。
+5. 把一張文字圖或一組比較結果記在 `REPORT.md`，先暫存進度；要交作品時再正式提交。
+
+可以先完成排名圖或跨年比較其中一種，再由老師依程度安排延伸。
+
+## 可以查詢的工具
+
+```python
+rows = load_rows()
+before = get_count(rows, "104", "新北市", "國小[人]")
+after = get_count(rows, "114", "新北市", "國小[人]")
+results = count_by_county(rows, "114", "國中[人]")
+print_text_chart(results, 5)
+```
+
+- `load_rows()`：讀取專案裡的 CSV。
+- `get_count()`：取得一個學年度、一個縣市、一個欄位的人數。
+- `count_by_county()`：取得同一學年度的縣市人數排名。
+- `print_text_chart()`：印出同尺度的文字長條圖。
+- `parse_count()`：把 `"1,234"` 轉成 `1234`；空白、破折號和無效值會得到 `None`，不會誤當成 0。
+
+欄位名稱要與 CSV 完全一致，例如 `國小[人]`、`國中[人]`。縣市使用原表寫法，例如 `臺中市`。
+
+## 核對用例子
+
+- 新北市國小：104 學年度 201,970 人；114 學年度 194,670 人。
+- 臺中市國小：104 學年度 157,272 人；114 學年度 161,332 人。
+- 114 學年度國小前 3 名：新北市、臺中市、桃園市。
+
+圖表要標明學年度、教育階段、單位與來源。只比較兩個學年度，不能直接寫成「每年都增加／減少」，也不能單靠人數判斷原因。
+
+選做：計算百分比時，以原來的人數作分母；原來的人數是 0 時不能直接相除。
+
+## 已經有自己的進度
+
+Lesson 19–22 沿用同一個專案。切換 Lesson 不會自動匯入套版；已有程式與報告時，請先暫存或下載備份，再決定是否匯入起始套版。沿用原專案的同學，也可以只參考上述查詢函式與相減寫法。

classroom_data/templates/week21/REPORT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# 我的資料比較
+
+## 我想回答的問題
+
+<!-- 寫清楚比較的學年度、縣市與教育階段。 -->
+
+## 資料來源
+
+- 資料名稱：各級學校縣市別學生人數
+- 提供機關：教育部統計處
+- 來源網址：https://data.gov.tw/dataset/40121
+- 課堂資料：data/students_by_county.csv
+- 資料範圍：104–114 學年度，各縣市彙總學生人數
+- 單位：人
+
+## 我使用的條件與方法
+
+<!-- 寫下程式使用的年份、縣市、欄位；選排名或跨年比較其中一種即可。 -->
+
+## 原始數字與計算
+
+<!-- 貼上程式輸出或文字圖。若計算差值，保留相減前的兩個原始人數與算式。 -->
+
+## 我核對了什麼
+
+<!-- 到 CSV 核對一筆排名數字；若相減，則核對兩筆原始數字。 -->
+
+## 我的發現
+
+<!-- 讓結論與程式裡的年份、對象、欄位及數字一致。 -->
+
+## 這份資料不能回答什麼
+
+<!-- 例如：比較人數可以看出差異，但還不足以證明變化的原因。 -->
+
+## AI 使用紀錄
+
+<!-- 如實寫一件使用 AI 與自己核對的事；沒有使用就寫「本次未使用」。 -->

classroom_data/templates/week21/data/students_by_county.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+學年度,縣市別,幼兒園[人],國小[人],國中[人],高級中等學校-普通科[人],高級中等學校-專業群科[人],高級中等學校-綜合高中[人],高級中等學校-實用技能學程[人],高級中等學校-進修部[人],大專校院(全部計入校本部)[人],大專校院(跨縣市教學計入所在地縣市)[人],宗教研修學院[人],國中小進修部(補校)及大專進修學校及空大[人],特殊教育學校[人]
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+108,苗栗縣,13390,27856,14515,5933,6656,971,1083,769,18246,18018,0,228,114
+108,彰化縣,31301,62052,33185,11609,15924,3582,2643,2113,31147,31147,0,817,493
+108,南投縣,11295,22689,12793,3907,6876,778,796,561,10214,10214,58,494,123
+108,雲林縣,14988,31117,18968,7225,6736,1182,1285,530,24603,25358,0,817,193
+108,嘉義縣,9097,18355,10668,2636,4058,352,1080,333,26309,30480,0,1095,0
+108,屏東縣,17157,34688,20054,8123,7020,700,562,866,36734,36549,0,1310,168
+108,臺東縣,4853,9975,5805,541,2533,2105,187,237,5842,5863,0,33,114
+108,花蓮縣,7531,15217,8567,3810,3504,1485,20,434,18027,18040,0,289,127
+108,澎湖縣,1866,3472,2062,833,1368,0,52,0,3051,3051,0,36,0
+108,基隆市,7506,15862,8704,3502,4334,270,323,370,14561,14561,0,2061,114
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+110,基隆市,7961,15795,8125,3255,3598,195,156,274,15000,15000,0,231,107
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+111,基隆市,7733,16146,7644,3289,3321,170,121,224,14190,14190,0,162,92
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+111,金門縣,2151,3909,1823,939,807,0,0,44,4175,4243,0,0,0
+111,連江縣,290,480,245,0,0,265,0,0,0,27,0,0,0
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+112,臺南市,47927,96383,42710,21844,14793,2258,2295,1231,94711,95217,59,605,387
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+112,新竹縣,18821,40410,16537,5062,4741,1006,907,533,10596,13208,0,137,210
+112,苗栗縣,13893,29208,12557,6025,5249,195,714,325,16591,16425,0,164,106
+112,彰化縣,30602,62675,27965,10231,12599,2596,2035,1123,17722,17722,0,249,446
+112,南投縣,11253,22883,10602,3288,4731,922,320,359,9122,9122,114,156,105
+112,雲林縣,14799,30604,15454,6719,5383,769,1006,305,23049,23832,0,206,161
+112,嘉義縣,8757,17664,8216,2535,2276,0,326,98,23233,27497,0,67,0
+112,屏東縣,17854,35817,15960,7301,5100,612,279,450,30157,29958,0,331,134
+112,臺東縣,4916,9949,4752,506,2058,1650,121,129,5807,5907,0,8,90
+112,花蓮縣,7313,15595,7484,3460,2800,972,5,322,16622,16532,0,137,96
+112,澎湖縣,1822,3632,1625,693,971,0,26,0,2702,2702,0,29,0
+112,���隆市,7703,16303,7270,3292,3083,136,59,222,13813,13813,0,182,80
+112,新竹市,14584,34035,15109,8810,7432,552,378,731,49073,42827,0,111,0
+112,嘉義市,7288,15035,7760,5899,5861,470,1126,298,11727,9060,0,42,218
+112,金門縣,2087,3988,1795,939,778,0,0,41,4050,4105,0,0,0
+112,連江縣,278,496,252,0,0,269,0,0,0,54,0,0,0
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+113,臺北市,50990,122987,64808,53247,21907,1665,413,2968,234053,223992,172,3113,590
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+113,臺南市,46610,93966,44331,21940,14353,2291,2245,1106,91347,91947,53,564,377
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+113,宜蘭縣,10954,22157,11263,5227,3292,860,405,304,9388,10659,0,237,69
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+114,臺北市,47886,117650,68231,53020,21069,1626,415,2829,230483,230483,162,3140,564
+114,桃園市,61764,132964,66607,28850,25498,760,2636,1742,93462,93462,57,1154,285
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+114,臺南市,44318,91142,47883,21507,13301,2070,2128,1012,88863,88863,56,404,375
+114,高雄市,59174,127327,65631,30498,25072,820,3435,1329,118531,118531,0,5465,466
+114,宜蘭縣,10651,21605,11843,5046,3099,865,372,291,9143,9143,0,219,74
+114,新竹縣,18409,38373,18746,5267,4847,1160,1077,489,11340,11340,0,129,194
+114,苗栗縣,12852,27368,14041,6011,4587,44,641,285,15950,15950,0,159,100
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+114,南投縣,10499,21608,11428,3121,4139,803,184,318,8947,8947,160,192,111
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+114,花蓮縣,6670,14809,7708,3328,2390,1115,7,301,15029,15029,0,156,115
+114,澎湖縣,1809,3434,1757,658,799,0,26,0,2202,2202,0,22,0
+114,基隆市,7020,15403,7827,3066,2530,127,26,168,13242,13242,0,154,83
+114,新竹市,13500,31460,16964,9222,7124,416,313,573,49039,49039,0,96,0
+114,嘉義市,6655,14126,8377,5680,5782,384,879,323,11103,11103,0,64,210
+114,金門縣,1867,3886,1948,950,752,0,0,32,3660,3660,0,0,0
+114,連江縣,235,488,247,0,0,252,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

classroom_data/templates/week21/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""Lesson 21：用同一份公開資料練習排名、文字圖與跨年比較。"""
+
+import csv
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+DATA_FILE = Path("data/students_by_county.csv")
+
+# 先執行一次，再依自己的問題修改這幾個條件。
+COUNTY = "新北市"
+BEFORE_YEAR = "104"
+AFTER_YEAR = "114"
+FIELD = "國小[人]"
+TOP_N = 5
+
+
+# 以下工具已備好，可以先使用，再查詢函式裡的寫法。
+def load_rows(path=DATA_FILE):
+    """將 CSV 每列讀成 dict；兼容有 BOM 的 UTF-8 檔案。"""
+    with open(path, encoding="utf-8-sig", newline="") as file:
+        return list(csv.DictReader(file))
+
+
+def parse_count(value):
+    """數字文字轉成整數；空白、破折號與無效值回傳 None。"""
+    cleaned = (value or "").strip().replace(",", "")
+    if not cleaned or cleaned == "-":
+        return None
+    try:
+        return int(cleaned)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+
+
+def get_count(rows, school_year, county, field):
+    """查詢指定學年度、縣市與教育階段的人數；找不到回傳 None。"""
+    for row in rows:
+        if row.get("學年度", "").strip() != str(school_year):
+            continue
+        if row.get("縣市別", "").strip() == county:
+            return parse_count(row.get(field))
+    return None
+
+
+def count_by_county(rows, school_year, field):
+    """同一學年度的人數排名；未知值不當成 0。"""
+    totals = {}
+    for row in rows:
+        if row.get("學年度", "").strip() != str(school_year):
+            continue
+        county = row.get("縣市別", "").strip()
+        count = parse_count(row.get(field))
+        if county and count is not None:
+            totals[county] = count
+    return sorted(totals.items(), key=lambda item: item[1], reverse=True)
+
+
+def print_text_chart(results, limit=5):
+    """使用相同尺度畫文字長條，並保留可核對的人數。"""
+    visible = results[:max(0, limit)]
+    if not visible:
+        print("沒有符合條件的資料，請檢查學年度、欄位名稱與顯示筆數。")
+        return
+    largest = max(value for _, value in visible)
+    print("縣市       人數（人） | 比例長條")
+    for county, value in visible:
+        bar_length = round(value / largest * 24) if largest else 0
+        print(f"{county:<6} {value:>8,} | {'█' * bar_length}")
+    print("長條從 0 開始，最長為 24 格；仍以旁邊的實際數字核對。")
+
+
+def main():
+    rows = load_rows()
+    print("=== Lesson 21：比較與圖表 ===")
+    print(f"讀入 {len(rows)} 列資料")
+    if not rows:
+        print("CSV 沒有資料，請檢查檔案。")
+        return
+    print(f"欄位：{', '.join(rows[0])}")
+
+    # 第一部分：先觀察現成的排名圖，再換成自己的條件。
+    results = count_by_county(rows, AFTER_YEAR, FIELD)
+    print(f"\n{AFTER_YEAR} 學年度各縣市 {FIELD}（前 {TOP_N} 名）")
+    print_text_chart(results, TOP_N)
+    print("來源：教育部統計處｜各級學校縣市別學生人數（課堂 CSV）")
+
+    # 第二部分：兩個原始數字都查到以後，才做相減。
+    before = get_count(rows, BEFORE_YEAR, COUNTY, FIELD)
+    after = get_count(rows, AFTER_YEAR, COUNTY, FIELD)
+    print(f"\n{COUNTY} {FIELD}：{BEFORE_YEAR} → {AFTER_YEAR} 學年度")
+    if before is None or after is None:
+        print("找不到完整的兩筆人數，請核對年份、縣市與欄位；未知值不能當成 0。")
+        return
+    print(f"{BEFORE_YEAR} 學年度：{before:,} 人")
+    print(f"{AFTER_YEAR} 學年度：{after:,} 人")
+
+    # TODO：以「後來的人數」減去「原來的人數」，取代下面的 None。
+    change = None
+
+    if change is None:
+        print("請完成 change 的相減算式，再執行一次。")
+        return
+    print(f"增減人數：{change:+,} 人")
+    if change > 0:
+        print(f"在這兩個學年度之間增加 {change:,} 人。")
+    elif change < 0:
+        print(f"在這兩個學年度之間減少 {abs(change):,} 人。")
+    else:
+        print("這兩個學年度的人數相同。")
+    print("只比較兩個端點，還不能說中間每一年都增加或減少，也不能單靠此表判斷原因。")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

tests/test_lesson21_template.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import contextlib
+import io
+import json
+import runpy
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+TEMPLATE = ROOT / "classroom_data/templates/week21"
+
+
+class Lesson21TemplateTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.lesson = runpy.run_path(str(TEMPLATE / "main.py"))
+        self.rows = self.lesson["load_rows"](TEMPLATE / "data/students_by_county.csv")
+
+    def run_starter(self, county="新北市", completed=False):
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as directory:
+            project = Path(directory) / "project"
+            shutil.copytree(TEMPLATE, project, ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns("__pycache__"))
+            source = (project / "main.py").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+            source = source.replace('COUNTY = "新北市"', f'COUNTY = "{county}"')
+            if completed:
+                source = source.replace("change = None", "change = after - before")
+            (project / "main.py").write_text(source, encoding="utf-8")
+            result = subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-B", "main.py"], cwd=project,
+                                    capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=10)
+        self.assertEqual(result.returncode, 0, result.stderr)
+        return result.stdout
+
+    def test_lesson_is_enabled_without_changing_existing_workspace(self):
+        course = json.loads((ROOT / "classroom_data/course.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        lessons = {item["id"]: item for item in course["weeks"]}
+        self.assertTrue(lessons["week21"]["template"])
+        self.assertEqual(lessons["week21"]["workspace_id"], "week19")
+        self.assertEqual(lessons["week20"]["workspace_id"], "week19")
+        self.assertTrue((TEMPLATE / "REPORT.md").is_file())
+        self.assertTrue((TEMPLATE / "DATA_SOURCE.md").is_file())
+
+    def test_starter_runs_before_student_fills_in_the_calculation(self):
+        output = self.run_starter()
+        self.assertIn("讀入 242 列資料", output)
+        self.assertIn("201,970 人", output)
+        self.assertIn("194,670 人", output)
+        self.assertIn("請完成 change", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("增減人數：", output)
+
+    def test_completed_examples_match_the_lesson_slides(self):
+        self.assertIn("增減人數：-7,300 人", self.run_starter(completed=True))
+        self.assertIn("增減人數：+4,060 人", self.run_starter("臺中市", completed=True))
+
+    def test_rankings_use_the_supplied_dataset(self):
+        results = self.lesson["count_by_county"](self.rows, "114", "國小[人]")
+        self.assertEqual(results[:3], [("新北市", 194670), ("臺中市", 161332), ("桃園市", 132964)])
+
+    def test_unknown_counts_are_not_zero_and_zero_chart_does_not_divide(self):
+        for value in ("", "-", "未知", None):
+            self.assertIsNone(self.lesson["parse_count"](value))
+        self.assertEqual(self.lesson["parse_count"]("0"), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.lesson["parse_count"](" 1,234 "), 1234)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.lesson["get_count"](self.rows, "999", "新北市", "國小[人]"))
+        with contextlib.redirect_stdout(io.StringIO()):
+            self.lesson["print_text_chart"]([("甲", 0), ("乙", 0)])
+        self.assertIn("找不到完整的兩筆人數", self.run_starter("不存在的縣市", completed=True))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()