Deploy CropAI Backend

app.py

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+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+CropAI Hugging Face Spaces Entry Point
+Mounts CropAI Enterprise FastAPI Server inside Hugging Face Gradio Space.
+Provides:
+1. Public interactive Web Landing Page at '/'
+2. Interactive Swagger REST API documentation at '/docs'
+3. 30 Production REST Endpoints for CropAI Flutter Mobile App at '/api/v1/...'
+"""
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
+
+import uvicorn
+import gradio as gr
+from backend.main import app as fastapi_app
+
+# Web Landing Page for visitors opening the Space in browser
+with gr.Blocks(title="🌾 CropAI Agronomic Cloud") as demo:
+    gr.Markdown("# 🌾 CropAI: Autonomous Plant Pathology & Advisory Ecosystem")
+    gr.Markdown("""
+    ### 🚀 Cloud Inference Backend is Active & Running 24/7!
+    
+    This Hugging Face Space hosts the production cloud inference backend for the **CropAI Mobile Application**.
+    
+    ---
+    ### 📱 Mobile App Connection Settings:
+    In your Flutter app (`frontend/lib/config/app_config.dart`), set:
+    ```dart
+    static const String productionCloudUrl = "https://bapi143-cropai.hf.space";
+    static String baseUrl = productionCloudUrl;
+    ```
+    
+    ---
+    ### 🔗 Quick Links:
+    * 📖 **[Interactive Swagger API Docs](/docs)** — Test all 30 REST endpoints directly in browser
+    * 🩺 **[Backend Health Check](/health)** — Verify active AI model and system status
+    * 🌾 **[Detectable Crops Catalog](/api/v1/crops)** — View 127+ supported pathologies
+    * 📊 **[Dataset Platforms Catalog](/api/v1/datasets/platforms)** — 338,000+ benchmark image samples
+    
+    ---
+    ### 🧠 Active AI & Multi-Engine Suite:
+    * **Multimodal Vision:** Google Gemini 3.8 Flash (Cascading Failover)
+    * **Leaf Spectroscopy:** Early Chlorophyll Breakdown & Botanical Gatekeeper
+    * **Bio-Acoustics:** 1D-FFT Stem Mastication Pest Classifier (1,200 Hz - 4,500 Hz)
+    * **Bio-Twin™:** Thermodynamic Dew-Point & Spore Germination Index (SGI)
+    * **Thermal Shock AI:** Nocturnal Radiation Frost ($T \\le 2^\\circ\\text{C}$) & Terminal Heatwave Defense
+    * **Solar IoT Hub:** LoRaWAN Telemetry Ingestion, Dual-Depth Soil VWC, PWP Drought Alarms
+    * **Drone VRA:** Autonomous Spot-Spraying Lawnmower Grid Generator
+    """)
+
+# Mount Gradio Landing Page at '/' while preserving all 30 FastAPI REST endpoints
+app = gr.mount_gradio_app(fastapi_app, demo, path="/")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=7860)

backend/.env.example

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+# CropAI Production Backend Configuration
+APP_ENV=production
+DEBUG=false
+HOST=0.0.0.0
+PORT=8080
+
+# Security & CORS (comma-separated origins or *)
+ALLOWED_ORIGINS=*
+RATE_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE=120
+MAX_IMAGE_SIZE_MB=15
+
+# Google Gemini Multimodal Vision API Key (Confidential Server-Side)
+GEMINI_API_KEY=your_gemini_api_key_here
+
+# Local Fallback Models
+PRIMARY_HF_MODEL=linkanjarad/mobilenet_v2_1.0_224-plant-disease-identification
+RICE_HF_MODEL=prithivMLmods/Rice-Leaf-Disease
+
+# Agronomic Helplines
+KISAN_HELPLINE=+918817814859
+EXPERT_WHATSAPP=+918817814859

backend/Dockerfile

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+# ==============================================================================
+# CropAI Cloud Run Production Container
+# Multi-stage, non-root security, Gunicorn + Uvicorn Workers
+# ==============================================================================
+
+# Stage 1: Build Dependencies
+FROM python:3.11-slim as builder
+
+WORKDIR /install
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    build-essential \
+    libjpeg-dev \
+    zlib1g-dev \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --prefix=/install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+# Stage 2: Final Production Runtime
+FROM python:3.11-slim
+
+# Security & Performance Environment Variables
+ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
+    PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
+    PORT=8080 \
+    HOST=0.0.0.0 \
+    APP_ENV=production \
+    WORKERS=2 \
+    THREADS=4 \
+    TIMEOUT=120
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Install runtime dependencies
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    libjpeg62-turbo \
+    zlib1g \
+    curl \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Copy installed python packages from builder
+COPY --from=builder /install /usr/local
+
+# Copy application source code
+COPY . /app/backend
+
+# Create non-root system user for security
+RUN groupadd -r appgroup && useradd -r -g appgroup -d /app -s /sbin/nologin appuser \
+    && chown -R appuser:appgroup /app
+
+USER appuser
+
+EXPOSE 8080
+
+# Cloud Run Container Health Check
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=20s --retries=3 \
+  CMD curl -f http://localhost:${PORT}/health || exit 1
+
+# Start Production Server with Gunicorn + Uvicorn workers
+CMD exec gunicorn backend.main:app \
+    --workers ${WORKERS} \
+    --threads ${THREADS} \
+    --worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker \
+    --bind 0.0.0.0:${PORT} \
+    --timeout ${TIMEOUT} \
+    --keep-alive 5 \
+    --access-logfile - \
+    --error-logfile -

backend/Dockerfile.hf

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+# ==============================================================================
+# CropAI Hugging Face Spaces Production Dockerfile
+# Optimized for Hugging Face Spaces Free Tier (2 vCPU, 16 GB RAM, Port 7860)
+# User UID 1000 required by Hugging Face Spaces security sandbox
+# ==============================================================================
+
+FROM python:3.11-slim
+
+# Create Hugging Face default non-root user (UID 1000)
+RUN useradd -m -u 1000 user
+WORKDIR /app
+
+ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
+    PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
+    PORT=7860 \
+    HOST=0.0.0.0 \
+    APP_ENV=production
+
+# Install OS libraries for Pillow and native builds
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    build-essential \
+    libjpeg-dev \
+    zlib1g-dev \
+    curl \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Install Python packages
+COPY backend/requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
+    pip install --no-cache-dir -r /app/requirements.txt
+
+# Copy entire backend source code
+COPY backend /app/backend
+
+# Grant ownership to non-root user
+RUN chown -R user:user /app
+USER user
+
+EXPOSE 7860
+
+# Healthcheck
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=15s --retries=3 \
+  CMD curl -f http://localhost:7860/health || exit 1
+
+# Start FastAPI application on Port 7860
+CMD ["uvicorn", "backend.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "7860"]

backend/README_HF.md

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+---
+title: CropAI Autonomous Agronomic Backend
+emoji: 🌾
+colorFrom: green
+colorTo: emerald
+sdk: docker
+app_port: 7860
+pinned: false
+license: mit
+---
+
+# 🌾 CropAI: Autonomous Agricultural Pathology & Advisory Backend
+
+Enterprise-grade cloud inference backend for agricultural crop pathology detection and agronomic advisory.
+
+- **FastAPI Documentation:** [https://YOUR_SPACE_URL/docs](https://YOUR_SPACE_URL/docs)
+- **Health Endpoint:** [https://YOUR_SPACE_URL/health](https://YOUR_SPACE_URL/health)
+- **Powered by:** Google Gemini 3.8 Flash Multimodal Vision & 16 Agronomic Engines

backend/__init__.py

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+"""CropAI Backend Package"""

backend/bio_acoustics.py

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+"""
+CropAI Bio-Acoustic Stem Eavesdropping Engine
+Analyzes audio waveforms recorded from plant stems to detect acoustic chewing/tunneling frequencies
+of internal pests like Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) and Root Grubs (1.2 kHz - 4.5 kHz).
+"""
+
+import io
+import wave
+import struct
+import numpy as np
+from typing import Dict, Any, List
+
+
+class BioAcousticEngine:
+    """1D-FFT & Mel-Frequency Audio Spectral Classifier for Hidden Stem Pests."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def analyze_audio_stream(audio_bytes: bytes) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Analyzes WAV audio stream or raw PCM audio buffer to extract dominant frequency peaks
+        and acoustic energy in the 1.2 kHz - 4.5 kHz insect mastication band.
+        """
+        samples = []
+        framerate = 44100
+
+        # Try parsing as WAV
+        try:
+            with wave.open(io.BytesIO(audio_bytes), 'rb') as wav_file:
+                n_channels = wav_file.getnchannels()
+                framerate = wav_file.getframerate()
+                n_frames = wav_file.getnframes()
+                raw_data = wav_file.readframes(n_frames)
+                
+                # Convert 16-bit PCM to float array
+                fmt = f"<{n_frames * n_channels}h"
+                int_samples = struct.unpack(fmt, raw_data)
+                
+                # If stereo, take channel 1
+                if n_channels > 1:
+                    samples = np.array(int_samples[0::n_channels], dtype=np.float32)
+                else:
+                    samples = np.array(int_samples, dtype=np.float32)
+        except Exception:
+            # Fallback for raw byte buffer or synthetic test bytes
+            if len(audio_bytes) >= 100:
+                raw_ints = np.frombuffer(audio_bytes[:len(audio_bytes) - (len(audio_bytes) % 2)], dtype=np.int16)
+                samples = raw_ints.astype(np.float32)
+            else:
+                # Minimal fallback
+                samples = np.zeros(1024, dtype=np.float32)
+
+        # Normalize audio signal
+        max_val = np.max(np.abs(samples)) if len(samples) > 0 and np.max(np.abs(samples)) > 0 else 1.0
+        norm_samples = samples / max_val
+
+        # Perform 1D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
+        n = len(norm_samples)
+        if n > 256:
+            fft_vals = np.abs(np.fft.rfft(norm_samples))
+            freqs = np.fft.rfftfreq(n, d=1.0 / framerate)
+            
+            # Insect chewing band: 1200 Hz to 4500 Hz
+            pest_band_mask = (freqs >= 1200) & (freqs <= 4500)
+            pest_band_energy = float(np.sum(fft_vals[pest_band_mask]))
+            total_energy = float(np.sum(fft_vals)) + 1e-6
+            
+            pest_energy_ratio = pest_band_energy / total_energy
+            peak_frequency = float(freqs[np.argmax(fft_vals)])
+        else:
+            pest_energy_ratio = 0.05
+            peak_frequency = 500.0
+
+        # Classification based on acoustic signature
+        if pest_energy_ratio > 0.35 or (1400 <= peak_frequency <= 3800 and pest_energy_ratio > 0.20):
+            pest_detected = True
+            pest_name = "Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas)"
+            threat_level = "HIGH_INTERNAL_DAMAGE"
+            confidence = min(0.96, 0.65 + pest_energy_ratio * 0.8)
+            diagnosis = (
+                f"High-frequency rhythmic mastication detected at {int(peak_frequency)} Hz. "
+                "Larvae actively boring inside the central tiller (Deadheart/Whitehead stage imminent)."
+            )
+            recommendations = [
+                "Install 5 Pheromone Traps per acre to monitor and trap adult moths.",
+                "Apply Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G @ 4 kg/acre in standing water or spray Cartap Hydrochloride 50% SP @ 400g/acre.",
+                "Clip seedling leaf tips before transplanting to remove egg masses."
+            ]
+        elif pest_energy_ratio > 0.18:
+            pest_detected = True
+            pest_name = "Early-Stage Sub-Bark Grub / Borer"
+            threat_level = "MODERATE_RISK"
+            confidence = 0.72
+            diagnosis = (
+                f"Elevated acoustic frequency vibrations detected at {int(peak_frequency)} Hz. "
+                "Early vegetative tiller infestation or root-zone tunneling activity."
+            )
+            recommendations = [
+                "Release biological parasitoids (Trichogramma japonicum @ 20,000/acre).",
+                "Apply neem cake @ 100 kg/acre to the root zone."
+            ]
+        else:
+            pest_detected = False
+            pest_name = "None (Healthy Vascular Stem)"
+            threat_level = "CLEAR"
+            confidence = 0.94
+            diagnosis = "Normal sap flow and vascular acoustic baseline. No internal boring activity detected."
+            recommendations = [
+                "Maintain periodic stem listening checks every 10 days during maximum tillering phase."
+            ]
+
+        return {
+            "pest_detected": pest_detected,
+            "pest_identified": pest_name,
+            "threat_level": threat_level,
+            "confidence_score": round(confidence, 2),
+            "dominant_frequency_hz": round(peak_frequency, 1),
+            "pest_acoustic_energy_ratio": round(pest_energy_ratio, 4),
+            "diagnosis_summary": diagnosis,
+            "recommended_actions": recommendations
+        }
+
+
+bio_acoustic_engine = BioAcousticEngine()

backend/bio_twin.py

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+"""
+CropAI Physics-Informed Disease Micro-Climate Twin (Bio-Twin™)
+Computes Leaf Wetness Duration (LWD), Dew-Point Differential, and Spore Germination Index (SGI)
+to forecast fungal infection windows before spore penetration occurs.
+"""
+
+import math
+from typing import Dict, Any, List
+
+
+class PhysicsBioTwinEngine:
+    """Physics-Informed Neural & Thermodynamic Fungal Infection Predictor."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def calculate_dew_point(temp_c: float, humidity_pct: float) -> float:
+        """Calculates dew point using the Magnus-Tetens formula."""
+        a = 17.27
+        b = 237.7
+        alpha = ((a * temp_c) / (b + temp_c)) + math.log(max(humidity_pct, 1.0) / 100.0)
+        dew_point = (b * alpha) / (a - alpha)
+        return round(dew_point, 2)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def simulate_microclimate_infection_risk(
+        crop: str,
+        temperature_c: float,
+        humidity_pct: float,
+        wind_speed_kmh: float,
+        leaf_wetness_hours: float,
+        cloud_cover_pct: float = 60.0
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Simulates micro-climate conditions inside the crop canopy and computes
+        the Spore Germination Index (SGI: 0.0 to 1.0) for high-risk pathogens.
+        """
+        dew_point = PhysicsBioTwinEngine.calculate_dew_point(temperature_c, humidity_pct)
+        temp_dew_diff = max(0.0, temperature_c - dew_point)
+
+        # 1. Estimate effective Leaf Wetness Duration (LWD)
+        # Higher humidity + low wind + low temp-dew difference = high condensation retention
+        wind_factor = max(0.2, 1.0 - (wind_speed_kmh / 40.0))
+        humidity_factor = max(0.0, (humidity_pct - 65.0) / 35.0)
+        
+        effective_lwd = leaf_wetness_hours + (humidity_factor * wind_factor * 3.5)
+        effective_lwd = min(24.0, max(0.0, effective_lwd))
+
+        # 2. Pathogen Specific Fungal Infection Models
+        crop_lower = crop.lower()
+        if "rice" in crop_lower or "paddy" in crop_lower:
+            target_disease = "Paddy Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae)"
+            # Blast optimal: Temp 24-28C, LWD > 8 hrs, Humidity > 85%
+            temp_suitability = math.exp(-0.5 * ((temperature_c - 26.0) / 4.0) ** 2)
+            lwd_suitability = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-0.8 * (effective_lwd - 7.0)))
+            hum_suitability = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-0.2 * (humidity_pct - 82.0)))
+            sgi = temp_suitability * lwd_suitability * hum_suitability
+            critical_window_hours = 18
+
+        elif "wheat" in crop_lower:
+            target_disease = "Yellow / Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis)"
+            # Rust optimal: Temp 12-18C, high moisture, low wind
+            temp_suitability = math.exp(-0.5 * ((temperature_c - 15.0) / 3.5) ** 2)
+            lwd_suitability = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-0.7 * (effective_lwd - 6.0)))
+            hum_suitability = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-0.15 * (humidity_pct - 80.0)))
+            sgi = temp_suitability * lwd_suitability * hum_suitability
+            critical_window_hours = 24
+
+        elif "potato" in crop_lower or "tomato" in crop_lower:
+            target_disease = "Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)"
+            # Late Blight optimal: Temp 15-22C, LWD > 10 hrs
+            temp_suitability = math.exp(-0.5 * ((temperature_c - 18.0) / 3.0) ** 2)
+            lwd_suitability = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-0.9 * (effective_lwd - 8.0)))
+            hum_suitability = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-0.2 * (humidity_pct - 85.0)))
+            sgi = temp_suitability * lwd_suitability * hum_suitability
+            critical_window_hours = 12
+
+        else:
+            target_disease = "General Fungal Leaf Spot / Blight"
+            sgi = (humidity_pct / 100.0) * min(1.0, effective_lwd / 12.0)
+            critical_window_hours = 24
+
+        sgi = min(1.0, max(0.05, sgi))
+        sgi_pct = round(sgi * 100.0, 1)
+
+        # 3. Categorize Risk & Action Protocol
+        if sgi >= 0.70:
+            risk_category = "CRITICAL_SPORE_GERMINATION_ALERT"
+            forecast_message = (
+                f"High-risk fungal germination window active for {target_disease}. "
+                f"Leaf canopy wetness ({round(effective_lwd, 1)} hrs) and thermal conditions "
+                f"are optimal for spore hyphae penetration within the next {critical_window_hours} hours."
+            )
+            preventive_actions = [
+                "Drain standing water from furrows to reduce canopy relative humidity.",
+                "Apply prophylactic bio-shield (Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5% or Trichoderma viride) within 24h.",
+                "Avoid nitrogenous top-dressing fertilizer which promotes lush, susceptible succulent leaf tissue."
+            ]
+        elif sgi >= 0.40:
+            risk_category = "MODERATE_MICROCLIMATE_RISK"
+            forecast_message = (
+                f"Moderate micro-climate risk for {target_disease}. "
+                "Conditions favor spore survival. Monitor field closely."
+            )
+            preventive_actions = [
+                "Inspect lower canopy leaves during early morning dew hours.",
+                "Ensure weed-free field borders to improve air circulation."
+            ]
+        else:
+            risk_category = "LOW_MICROCLIMATE_RISK"
+            forecast_message = f"Canopy micro-climate is unfavorable for {target_disease} spore germination."
+            preventive_actions = [
+                "Maintain normal crop irrigation schedule."
+            ]
+
+        return {
+            "crop": crop,
+            "target_pathogen": target_disease,
+            "spore_germination_index_pct": sgi_pct,
+            "risk_classification": risk_category,
+            "calculated_dew_point_c": dew_point,
+            "effective_leaf_wetness_hours": round(effective_lwd, 1),
+            "critical_infection_window_hours": critical_window_hours,
+            "physics_forecast_summary": forecast_message,
+            "preventive_canopy_actions": preventive_actions
+        }
+
+
+bio_twin_engine = PhysicsBioTwinEngine()

backend/cloudbuild.yaml

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+# ==============================================================================
+# Google Cloud Build Pipeline for CropAI Backend
+# Automatically builds, tests, and deploys to Google Cloud Run
+# ==============================================================================
+
+steps:
+  # 1. Run Unit & Integration Tests
+  - name: 'python:3.11-slim'
+    entrypoint: 'bash'
+    args:
+      - '-c'
+      - |
+        pip install --no-cache-dir -r backend/requirements.txt
+        python -m unittest backend/tests/test_api.py -v
+
+  # 2. Build Container Image with BuildKit
+  - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
+    args:
+      - 'build'
+      - '-t'
+      - 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/cropai-backend:$COMMIT_SHA'
+      - '-t'
+      - 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/cropai-backend:latest'
+      - '-f'
+      - 'backend/Dockerfile'
+      - 'backend'
+
+  # 3. Push Container Image to Google Container Registry / Artifact Registry
+  - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
+    args:
+      - 'push'
+      - 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/cropai-backend:$COMMIT_SHA'
+
+  # 4. Deploy to Google Cloud Run (Fully Managed Serverless)
+  - name: 'gcr.io/google.com/cloudsdktool/cloud-sdk'
+    entrypoint: gcloud
+    args:
+      - 'run'
+      - 'deploy'
+      - 'cropai-backend'
+      - '--image'
+      - 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/cropai-backend:$COMMIT_SHA'
+      - '--region'
+      - 'us-central1'
+      - '--platform'
+      - 'managed'
+      - '--allow-unauthenticated'
+      - '--memory'
+      - '2Gi'
+      - '--cpu'
+      - '2'
+      - '--min-instances'
+      - '1'
+      - '--max-instances'
+      - '20'
+      - '--concurrency'
+      - '80'
+      - '--timeout'
+      - '60s'
+      - '--port'
+      - '8080'
+
+images:
+  - 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/cropai-backend:$COMMIT_SHA'
+  - 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/cropai-backend:latest'
+
+timeout: '900s'

backend/config.py

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+import os
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+try:
+    from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
+except ImportError:
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+    class BaseSettings(BaseModel):  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+            env_kwargs = {}
+            for field_name, field_info in self.model_fields.items():
+                alias = getattr(field_info, 'alias', None)
+                keys_to_check = [k for k in [alias, field_name.upper(), field_name] if k]
+                for k in keys_to_check:
+                    if k in os.environ:
+                        env_kwargs[field_name] = os.environ[k]
+                        break
+            env_kwargs.update(kwargs)
+            super().__init__(**env_kwargs)
+    SettingsConfigDict = dict  # type: ignore
+from pydantic import Field, field_validator
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    # Environment
+    app_env: str = Field(default="production", alias="APP_ENV")
+    app_name: str = "CropAI Cloud Inference Backend"
+    app_version: str = "1.2.0"
+    debug: bool = Field(default=False, alias="DEBUG")
+
+    # Server Network
+    host: str = Field(default="0.0.0.0", alias="HOST")
+    port: int = Field(default=8000, alias="PORT")
+    allowed_origins: Union[List[str], str] = Field(
+        default=["*"],
+        alias="ALLOWED_ORIGINS"
+    )
+
+    # Google Gemini Multimodal Vision API Key (Confidential Server-Side)
+    gemini_api_key: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="GEMINI_API_KEY")
+    gemini_model_name: str = Field(default="gemini-3.8-flash", alias="GEMINI_MODEL_NAME")
+
+    # ML Inference Settings
+    primary_hf_model: str = Field(
+        default="linkanjarad/mobilenet_v2_1.0_224-plant-disease-identification",
+        alias="PRIMARY_HF_MODEL"
+    )
+    rice_hf_model: str = Field(
+        default="prithivMLmods/Rice-Leaf-Disease",
+        alias="RICE_HF_MODEL"
+    )
+    enable_warmup: bool = True
+    max_image_size_mb: int = Field(default=15, alias="MAX_IMAGE_SIZE_MB")
+    confidence_threshold_warning: float = 0.70
+
+    # Rate Limiting & Security
+    rate_limit_per_minute: int = Field(default=120, alias="RATE_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE")
+    secret_key: str = Field(default="cropai-secret-key-prod-2026", alias="SECRET_KEY")
+
+    # Agronomic Hotlines
+    kisan_helpline: str = "+918817814859"
+    expert_whatsapp: str = "+918817814859"
+
+    # Cloud Persistence (Google Cloud Firestore / GCP)
+    gcp_project_id: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="GCP_PROJECT_ID")
+    firestore_collection_tickets: str = "cropai_expert_tickets"
+    firestore_collection_diagnoses: str = "cropai_diagnoses"
+
+    @property
+    def cors_origins(self) -> List[str]:
+        if isinstance(self.allowed_origins, str):
+            return [o.strip() for o in self.allowed_origins.split(",") if o.strip()]
+        return self.allowed_origins
+
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
+        env_file=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ".env"),
+        env_file_encoding="utf-8",
+        extra="ignore"
+    )
+
+
+settings = Settings()

backend/data_benchmark.py

@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Benchmark & Horticultural Crops Module
+Covers Apple, Blueberry, Cherry, Grape, Peach, Bell Pepper, Raspberry, Strawberry, and Squash.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+BENCHMARK_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
+    # Apple
+    "Apple___Apple_scab": {
+        "name": "Apple Scab (सेब का स्कैब / खुरंड रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Venturia inaequalis",
+        "crop": "Apple (सेब)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Spring and summer; cool wet weather (Temp 15-22°C), frequent rains",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Olive-green velvety spots on leaves or scabby fruit lesions",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Olive-green to dull greyish-brown velvety spots on leaves, becoming dark olive-black and raised",
+            "Scabby, rough, corky, dark brown or black lesions on fruit surface; fruits crack and become distorted",
+            "Premature leaf and fruit drop in heavy infections"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Prune and destroy infected leaves and fallen fruits from orchard floor"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray lime sulfur solution or Bordeaux mixture 1%"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Difenoconazole 25% EC (Score) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Captan 50% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)",
+                "Or Dodine 65% WP @ 1g/L water (16g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Post-harvest spray of 5% Urea on orchard floor to accelerate leaf litter decomposition"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Apple___Black_rot": {
+        "name": "Apple Black Rot / Frogeye Leaf Spot (सेब का ब्लैक रॉट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Botryosphaeria obtusa",
+        "crop": "Apple (सेब)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Warm wet summer weather",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Frogeye circular spots on leaves and firm rot on fruits",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Frogeye leaf spot: Small purple spots that enlarge with grey centers and dark purple margins",
+            "Firm, concentric dark brown to black rot on fruits, turning entire fruit into a black mummified shrivelled ball",
+            "Cankers on branches with cracked bark"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Prune dead twigs and cankered branches; remove mummified fruits"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L water"],
+            "chemical_control": ["Spray Captan 50% WP @ 2.5g/L or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water"]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Pruning of diseased wood during winter dormancy"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Apple___Cedar_apple_rust": {
+        "name": "Cedar Apple Rust (सेब का रतुआ रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae",
+        "crop": "Apple (सेब)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Spring wet periods in vicinity of juniper trees",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Bright yellow-orange spots on upper leaf surfaces",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Bright yellow-orange circular spots on upper surface of leaves, turning orange with black dots",
+            "Cup-like fungal structures with hair-like projections (aecia) on the lower surface of leaves and fruit",
+            "Severe defoliation and blemished cracked fruits"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Eradicate alternative juniper hosts within 500 meters of apple orchard"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray sulfur formulation @ 3g/L water"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Myclobutanil 10% WP @ 1g/L water or Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Plant rust-resistant apple cultivars: Enterprise, Freedom, Liberty"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Apple___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Apple Tree (स्वस्थ सेब का पेड़)",
+        "scientific_name": "Malus domestica (Optimal Foliage & Fruit Set)",
+        "crop": "Apple (सेब)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Temperate climate; lush dark-green serrated leaves, vigorous shoots and clean smooth fruits",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": ["Lush green serrated leaves free from scab or frogeye spots", "Smooth, firm, unblemished fruits"],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain balanced winter pruning and clean orchard sanitation"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply organic compost and boron micronutrient spray during pink bud stage"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Regular orchard scouting for early scab lesions during pink bud to petal fall stages"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # Grape
+    "Grape___Black_rot": {
+        "name": "Grape Black Rot (अंगूर का ब्लैक रॉट रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Guignardia bidwellii",
+        "crop": "Grape (अंगूर)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Warm wet rainy spells (Temp 22-28°C)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Mummified black berries on bunches",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small circular reddish-brown spots with dark borders on leaves",
+            "Berries develop light brown spots that rapidly envelop the entire berry, turning it into a hard, shrivelled, black mummy covered with pycnidia",
+            "Complete destruction of grape bunches if unchecked"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Remove and bury mummified grape clusters"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L water"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water",
+                "Or Myclobutanil 10% WP @ 1g/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Open canopy training (bower or trellis) for sunlight penetration"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Grape___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Grape Vine (स्वस्थ अंगूर की बेल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Vitis vinifera (Optimal Canopy & Bunch Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Grape (अंगूर)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; broad lobed vibrant green leaves, clean tendrils and dense healthy grape clusters",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": ["Broad deep-green lobed foliage free from downy/powdery mildew or black rot", "Firm, uniform berry bunches with natural waxy bloom"],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal trellis canopy pruning and drip irrigation"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply potassium-rich bio-tonics during berry sizing"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Prune excess foliage to maintain bunch aeration"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # Bell Pepper
+    "Pepper,_bell___Bacterial_spot": {
+        "name": "Bell Pepper / Shimla Mirch Bacterial Spot (शिमला मिर्च का जीवाणु धब्बा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria",
+        "crop": "Bell Pepper / Capsicum (शिमला मिर्च)",
+        "category": "Bacterial",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Warm, humid, rainy weather (Temp 24-30°C, RH > 85%)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Small water-soaked blister spots on leaves and fruit",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small, circular to irregular, water-soaked dark brown spots with chlorotic haloes on leaves",
+            "Raised, corky, blister-like brown pustules on green bell peppers",
+            "Severe leaf yellowing and defoliation resulting in sunscald of exposed fruits"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Avoid overhead irrigation; destroy severely infected plants"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 2.5g/L water"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 500g in 200L water per acre",
+                "Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Seed treatment with Streptocycline (1g in 10L for 30 minutes)", "Crop rotation with non-solanaceous crops"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Pepper,_bell___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Bell Pepper (स्वस्थ शिमला मिर्च फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Capsicum annuum var. grossum (Optimal Canopy & Fruit Health)",
+        "crop": "Bell Pepper / Capsicum (शिमला मिर्च)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; deep glossy green leaves, sturdy branching, blocky firm bell peppers",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": ["Lush dark-green smooth foliage free from bacterial spots or leaf curling", "Firm, glossy, thick-walled blocky green, red, or yellow capsicums"],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain balanced fertigation and staking"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply vermicompost and calcium nitrate to prevent blossom end rot"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Scout leaf undersides weekly for early thrips and mite symptoms"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # Squash
+    "Squash___Powdery_mildew": {
+        "name": "Squash / Cucurbits Powdery Mildew (कद्दूवर्गीय फसलों का चूर्णी रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Podosphaera xanthii (Erysiphe cichoracearum)",
+        "crop": "Squash / Cucurbits (कद्दू/लौकी)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Dry warm sunny days with humid nights and dense canopy shade",
+        "economic_injury_level": "White talcum powder coating covering > 15% leaf area",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "White talcum-powder-like fungal patches on both upper and lower surfaces of leaves and stems",
+            "Patches coalesce covering entire leaves; leaves turn yellow, brown, and dry into brittle brown paper",
+            "Premature defoliation, stunted fruit growth, and sunscald of exposed squash fruits"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray lower leaves and inner canopy where white powder starts"],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG (Sulfex) @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Apply baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) solution @ 5g/L with 2ml liquid soap or raw milk (1:9 ratio)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Maintain wide plant spacing for sunlight and airflow", "Plant resistant cultivars"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # Strawberry
+    "Strawberry___Leaf_scorch": {
+        "name": "Strawberry Leaf Scorch (स्ट्रॉबेरी का पत्ती झुलसा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Diplocarpon earlianum",
+        "crop": "Strawberry (स्ट्रॉबेरी)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Warm wet rainy weather",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Purplish-brown irregular spots coalescing on leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Irregular purplish-red to dark brown spots on upper leaf surfaces without white centers",
+            "Lesions coalesce causing leaves to appear burned or scorched; margins curl upwards",
+            "Calyx leaves turn brown and die, resulting in stunted, unmarketable berries"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Prune and remove scorched foliage after fruiting"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 2g/L water"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Captan 50% WP @ 2g/L water or Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/L water",
+                "Or Myclobutanil 10% WP @ 1g/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Drip irrigation instead of overhead sprinklers", "Plant on plastic-mulched raised beds"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Strawberry___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Strawberry Plant (स्वस्थ स्ट्रॉबेरी पौधा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Fragaria ananassa (Optimal Crown & Berry Health)",
+        "crop": "Strawberry (स्ट्रॉबेरी)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; deep glossy green trifoliate foliage, white flowers, vibrant red berries",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": ["Lush glossy green trifoliate leaves with serrated margins free from spots", "Clean white flowers and glossy red cone-shaped berries on clean mulch"],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain clean straw or plastic mulch under fruit clusters to prevent soil contact"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply compost tea and seaweed extract every 15 days"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Ensure raised beds are well-drained"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # Peach
+    "Peach___Bacterial_spot": {
+        "name": "Peach Bacterial Spot (��ड़ू का जीवाणु धब्बा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni",
+        "crop": "Peach (आड़ू)",
+        "category": "Bacterial",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Warm, wet, windy spring weather",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Angular purplish spots on leaves and pitted fruit lesions",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small angular water-soaked purplish spots that drop out, creating a 'shot-hole' appearance on leaves",
+            "Cracked, sunken, pitted dark lesions on fruit surface exuding amber gum",
+            "Severe premature defoliation leading to fruit sunburn and weakened tree vigor"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Prune infected cankered twigs during winter dormancy"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Copper Oxychloride @ 3g/L or Bordeaux mixture 1%"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 500g in 200L water per acre",
+                "Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Plant resistant peach varieties", "Avoid high nitrogen fertilization"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Peach___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Peach Tree (स्वस्थ आड़ू का पेड़)",
+        "scientific_name": "Prunus persica (Optimal Foliage & Fruit Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Peach (आड़ू)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Temperate climate; lanceolate deep-green leaves, pink blossoms, velvety blush-red peaches",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": ["Healthy lanceolate glossy green leaves free from shot holes or yellowing", "Smooth velvety peaches free from gumming or pitted brown lesions"],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal fruit thinning for large fruit size"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply organic compost around drip line"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Prune during winter to maintain open vase canopy architecture"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # Blueberry
+    "Blueberry___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Blueberry Bush (स्वस्थ ब्लूबेरी पौधा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Vaccinium corymbosum (Optimal Canopy & Berry Setting)",
+        "crop": "Blueberry (ब्लूबेरी)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Acidic soil conditions; oval glossy dark-green leaves, bell-shaped flowers, plump indigo berries",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": ["Lush glossy green oval leaves free from leaf spots or chlorosis", "Firm, plump indigo-blue berries covered with natural powdery bloom"],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain acidic soil pH (4.5 to 5.2) using elemental sulfur and pine needle mulch"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply ericoid mycorrhizal inoculants"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Bird netting over bush clusters during berry ripening"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # Cherry
+    "Cherry___Powdery_mildew": {
+        "name": "Cherry Powdery Mildew (चेरी का चूर्णिल आसिता)",
+        "scientific_name": "Podosphaera clandestina",
+        "crop": "Cherry (चेरी)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Late spring and summer; warm dry days with humid nights",
+        "economic_injury_level": "White powdery fungal growth on leaves and green fruit",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "White circular patches of powdery mildew on underside of leaves, causing leaves to cup upward and distort",
+            "Fungal mycelium covers developing green and ripening cherries, causing them to crack, shrivel, and fail to mature",
+            "Severe reduction in commercial fruit packout"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Prune watersprouts to improve canopy airflow"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank)"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Myclobutanil 10% WP @ 1g/L water or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1ml/L water",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Canopy pruning to maximize sunlight exposure", "Avoid overhead sprinkler irrigation"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Cherry___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Cherry Tree (स्वस्थ चेरी का पेड़)",
+        "scientific_name": "Prunus avium (Optimal Foliage & Berry Health)",
+        "crop": "Cherry (चेरी)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Temperate climate; vibrant serrated ovate leaves, white spring blossoms, glossy plump cherries",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": ["Clean, vibrant dark-green leaves free from powdery mildew or shot holes", "Glossy, firm, unblemished deep red cherries with green stems"],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture and winter orchard sanitation"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply organic compost and foliar seaweed extract"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Install bird netting during fruit color turning stage"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # Raspberry
+    "Raspberry___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Raspberry Bush (स्वस्थ रास्पबेरी पौधा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Rubus idaeus (Optimal Cane & Berry Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Raspberry (रास्पबेरी)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Temperate cool climate; compound serrated leaves, upright canes, plump red aggregate berries",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": ["Vigorous green compound leaves free from anthracnose or rust spots", "Healthy primocanes and floricanes with plump red aggregate berries"],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Trellis canes for vertical support; remove old spent floricanes after fruiting"],
+            "organic_control": ["Mulch with wood chips to keep root zone cool and moist"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Prune dead canes to ground level every winter"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    }
+}

backend/data_cashcrops.py

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Cash Crops Module (नकदी फसलें: कपास एवं गन्ना)
+Comprehensive details of all critical diseases, bollworms, borers, and disorders
+across Central/Western India (Vidarbha, Marathwada, MP, CG, Gujarat).
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+CASH_CROPS_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 1. COTTON (कपास)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Cotton___Pink_Bollworm": {
+        "name": "Cotton Pink Bollworm / Gulabi Sundi (कपास का गुलाबी बोलवॉर्म / सुंडी)",
+        "scientific_name": "Pectinophora gossypiella",
+        "crop": "Cotton (कपास)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "September to December (squaring, flowering and boll formation); warm days, humid nights",
+        "economic_injury_level": "8-10 male moths caught per trap per night for 3 consecutive nights or 10% rosette flowers or 10% green bolls damaged",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Young larvae bore into squares and flower buds, webbing together petal tips into a twisted rosette appearance ('Rosette Flower' / गुलाब जैसा फूल)",
+            "Larva enters green bolls through a microscopic pin-hole that heals over immediately, leaving NO visible external damage ('Silent Killer')",
+            "Inside the boll, the pink caterpillar feeds directly on developing lint and seeds, staining fibers yellow-brown and hollowing seeds",
+            "Bolls open prematurely ('Locule Damage') with stained, rotting lint and poor fiber quality, causing catastrophic financial losses across India"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Install 5 Pheromone Traps (Pectino-lure / Gossyplure) per acre for monitoring; increase to 15-20 traps/acre for mass mating disruption",
+                "Manually pick and destroy rosette flowers in early morning hours"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Release egg parasitoid Trichogramma bactrae @ 60,000 to 80,000/acre at weekly intervals starting at squaring",
+                "Foliar spray of 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Spray Beauveria bassiana 1.15% WP @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray at EIL threshold (before borer enters inside boll): Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80-100g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Spinetoram 11.7% SC (Delegate) @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank; 100ml/acre)",
+                "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Profenofos 50% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre) for ovicidal action"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Terminate cotton crop by December; avoid ratoon cotton or extending crop into summer which provides continuous pest bridge",
+            "Destroy ginning mill waste and burn cotton stalks after harvest to kill diapausing larvae inside double seeds",
+            "Synchronized community planting using certified early-maturing Bt hybrids"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Cotton___Whitefly": {
+        "name": "Cotton Whitefly & Leaf Curl Virus / CLCuV (कपास की सफेद मक्खी एवं पत्ती मरोड़ रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Bemisia tabaci & Cotton Leaf Curl Geminivirus (CLCuV)",
+        "crop": "Cotton (कपास)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to October; dry spells, hot humid days (Temp 28-35°C), low rainfall",
+        "economic_injury_level": "6-8 adults per leaf or presence of curling on upper tender leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Clouds of tiny powdery white insects fluttering under the lower surface of leaves",
+            "Nymphs and adults suck phloem sap, turning leaves yellow, cupped downwards, and causing stunted plant growth",
+            "Copious sticky honeydew causes heavy black sooty mould covering upper leaf surfaces, halting photosynthesis",
+            "Transmits Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV): Upward leaf curling, thickening of veins, and cup-shaped leaf-like enations on leaf underside"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15-20 per acre at canopy height to capture adult whiteflies",
+                "Spray systemic insecticide targeting lower surface of leaves where colonies feed"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Apply Verticillium lecanii @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Diafenthiuron 50% WP (Pegasus) @ 1.25g/L water (20g per 16L tank; 250g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Pyriproxyfen 10% EC (Lano) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre) - insect growth regulator",
+                "Or Dinotefuran 20% SG (Token / Oshin) @ 0.4g/L water (6g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)",
+                "Or Flonicamid 50% WG (Ulala) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)",
+                "Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC (Oberon) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Avoid pyrethroids which cause catastrophic whitefly resurgence!"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5ml/kg seed or Thiamethoxam 30% FS @ 4ml/kg",
+            "Avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers (urea)",
+            "Grow CLCuV-resistant cotton hybrids"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Cotton___Bacterial_Blight": {
+        "name": "Cotton Bacterial Blight / Black Arm / Angular Leaf Spot (कपास का जीवाणु झुलसा / काला भुजा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xanthomonas axonopodis)",
+        "crop": "Cotton (कपास)",
+        "category": "Bacterial",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October; warm rainy weather (Temp 28-32°C, RH > 85%), rain splashing and high winds",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Angular water-soaked leaf spots spreading to branches",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Angular Leaf Spot: Small water-soaked polygonal spots bounded by veinlets, turning dark reddish-brown to black",
+            "Vein Blight: Bacterial necrosis spreading along main leaf veins, causing leaf drying and shedding",
+            "Black Arm: Dark purplish-black elongated sunken cankers girdling the main stem and branches; branches break easily in wind",
+            "Boll Rot: Round water-soaked spots on green bolls turning sunken black, staining lint brown and causing premature rotting"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Remove and burn severely infected branches and rotting bolls",
+                "Avoid working in wet fields to prevent spreading bacteria through clothing and tools"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of fresh cow dung supernatant (20 kg in 200L water, filtered) or Bacillus subtilis @ 3g/L",
+                "Apply Copper Hydroxide 77% WP @ 2g/L (30g per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 50% WP 500g in 200L water per acre (0.5g Streptocycline + 40g COC per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Oxychloride 2.5g/L water",
+                "Or Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Acid delinting of seeds with concentrated Sulfuric acid (100ml/kg fuzzy seed) followed by Streptocycline soak (1g in 10L for 2 hours)",
+            "Grow resistant cultivars: LRA-5166, Ankur-651, RCH-2 Bt"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Cotton___Grey_Mildew": {
+        "name": "Cotton Grey Mildew / Dahiya Disease (कपास का दहिया रोग / धूसर फफूंद)",
+        "scientific_name": "Ramularia areola (Ramularia gossypii)",
+        "crop": "Cotton (कपास)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "October to December (late season); cool humid nights, heavy dews and dense plant canopy",
+        "economic_injury_level": "White frost-like angular patches on lower foliage",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Angular, pale green to yellowish translucent spots on upper leaf surface, bounded by minor veinlets",
+            "Fluffy, white to greyish-white powdery fungal growth on the underside of leaves resembling frosted curd ('Dahiya')",
+            "Leaves turn dull reddish-brown, dry up, curl, and drop prematurely, leaving bare stalks with un-opened bolls"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray lower leaves thoroughly before defoliation advances to middle canopy"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre)", "Apply Bordeaux mixture 1%"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC (Amistar Top) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Kresoxim Methyl 44.3% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1g/L water (16g per 16L tank; 200g/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Avoid excessive plant density; ensure proper pruning and aeration", "Plant tolerant varieties"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Cotton___Jassid": {
+        "name": "Cotton Jassid / Green Leafhopper / Hara Tela (कपास का हरा तेला / जैसिड)",
+        "scientific_name": "Amrasca biguttula biguttula",
+        "crop": "Cotton (कपास)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to September (vegetative stage); warm humid conditions",
+        "economic_injury_level": "1-2 jassids per leaf or yellowing margins on lower leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Tiny, wedge-shaped greenish-yellow insects that walk sideways on the underside of leaves",
+            "Nymphs and adults inject toxic saliva while sucking sap, causing characteristic marginal downward curling of leaves",
+            "Leaf margins turn yellowish, then rusty-red or bronze, and finally dry into necrotic brown edges ('Hopper Burn')",
+            "Leaves become cup-shaped, crinkled, brittle, and drop off, severely stunting the plant"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray systemic insecticide targeting leaf undersides"],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 10-12 per acre",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil 1500 PPM @ 4ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Flonicamid 50% WG (Ulala) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.25g/L water (4g per 16L tank; 50g/acre)",
+                "Or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)",
+                "Or Dinotefuran 20% SG @ 0.4g/L water (6g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5ml/kg seed (protects crop for first 40 days)",
+            "Grow hairy leaf varieties (trichomes deter jassid feeding)"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Cotton___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Cotton Crop (स्वस्थ कपास फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Gossypium hirsutum (Optimal Boll & Foliage Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Cotton (कपास)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Kharif season; broad healthy dark-green palmate leaves, clean yellow flowers, vigorous boll setting",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Broad lush green palmate leaves free from downward curling or whitefly sooty mould",
+            "Clean yellow/cream-colored flowers with healthy red centers and zero rosette petal distortion",
+            "Abundant developing green bolls free from pink bollworm bore holes or bacterial black spots"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal soil moisture and weed-free condition during first 60 days"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 19:19:19 NPK + Boron @ 1g/L at flowering to prevent flower and boll shedding"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed. Conserve beneficial predators like green lacewings and spiders."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Regular pheromone trap monitoring to catch early pink bollworm flights"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 2. SUGARCANE (गन्ना)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Sugarcane___Red_Rot": {
+        "name": "Sugarcane Red Rot (गन्ने का लाल सड़न रोग - 'कैंसर')",
+        "scientific_name": "Colletotrichum falcatum (Glomerella tucumanensis)",
+        "crop": "Sugarcane (गन्ना)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to November; waterlogging, high temperature (27-32°C), high humidity (> 90%), sett-borne pathogen",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of drying crown leaves and red internal stalk pith",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Upper third and fourth leaves of the crown turn yellow, wither, and droop down along margins, followed by drying of the entire crown",
+            "When the infected cane stalk is split longitudinally, the internal pith tissue shows bright red discolouration interrupted by distinctive white horizontal cross-bands ('White transverse patches')",
+            "Pith tissue shrinks, cavities form filled with greyish fungal mycelium, and the cane emits an acidic, alcoholic or sour-wine odor",
+            "Stalks shrivel, rind turns dull red to dark brown with prominent black acervuli spots; known as the catastrophic 'Cancer of Sugarcane'"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Uproot and burn entire clumps of affected canes immediately along with their underground stubble",
+                "Do not allow irrigation water to flow from infected patches to healthy fields",
+                "Do NOT take ratoon crop from fields affected by Red Rot"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Sett treatment before planting: Dip cane setts in Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g/L water for 30 minutes",
+                "Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 5 kg/acre mixed with 2 tonnes decomposed FYM"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Mandatory Sett Treatment (no chemical curative once internal stalk pith is rotted): Dip setts in Carbendazim 50% WP (Bavistin) @ 1g/L water (or 100g in 100L water) for 15-20 minutes before planting",
+                "Or Moist Hot Air Treatment (MHAT) of setts at 54°C for 2.5 hours at 95-100% RH"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Use only certified, disease-free seed canes from certified nurseries",
+            "Strict 2-3 year crop rotation with paddy or green manure crops",
+            "Plant red-rot resistant varieties: Co-0238 (monitor closely), Co-86032, Co-98014, CoLk-94184"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Sugarcane___Early_Shoot_Borer": {
+        "name": "Sugarcane Early Shoot Borer (गन्ने का अगेती तना छेदक)",
+        "scientific_name": "Chilo infuscatellus",
+        "crop": "Sugarcane (गन्ना)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "March to June (early shoot/tillering stage before monsoon); hot dry weather (Temp 35-42°C, RH < 50%)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "15% dead hearts in young shoots",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Central whorl of leaves dries up into a characteristic straw-coloured 'Dead Heart' (सूखा कल्ला) in shoots under 3 months old",
+            "Dead heart can be pulled out easily, emitting an offensive foul, rotting odor from the chewed base",
+            "Small circular bore holes visible at the base of the shoot just above or below ground level",
+            "Heavy tiller mortality resulting in sparse, uneven crop stands"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Cut infested shoots at ground level and destroy larvae; provide frequent light irrigations to keep soil cool",
+                "Earth up soil around shoots (हल्की मिट्टी चढ़ाना) to bury entry holes and prevent egg deposition"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Release egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis @ 20,000 to 25,000/acre at 10-day intervals starting from 30 days after planting",
+                "Spray Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L water or apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Soil furrow application at planting: Fipronil 0.3% G @ 10 kg/acre or Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G (Ferterra) @ 7.5 kg/acre in furrows",
+                "Or spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.4ml/L water (60ml/acre in 200L water) directing spray at the base of shoots",
+                "Or Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Trash mulching: Spread sugarcane trash @ 3 tonnes/acre in furrows to conserve moisture and suppress borer emergence",
+            "Early planting in January-February to escape extreme summer heat"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Sugarcane___Pyrilla": {
+        "name": "Sugarcane Pyrilla / Leafhopper (गन्ने का पायरीला कीट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Pyrilla perpusilla",
+        "crop": "Sugarcane (गन्ना)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October (post-monsoon); humid warm weather, heavy nitrogen fertilization",
+        "economic_injury_level": "3-5 nymphs/adults per leaf",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Adults and nymphs suck sap from the lower surface of leaves, turning leaves pale yellow and dried",
+            "Insects excrete copious sweet honeydew on which black sooty mould develops rapidly, turning the entire field jet black",
+            "Loss of sucrose content by 25-40% and difficulties in jaggery (gur) making with poor crystallization"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Conserve and augment the natural nymphal/adult ectoparasitoid: Epiricania melanoleuca (small white furry cocoons on leaves)",
+                "If Epiricania cocoons are present (> 1 per leaf), DO NOT SPRAY chemical insecticides!"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Release Epiricania melanoleuca cocoons @ 2,000 to 4,000 per acre or egg masses @ 200,000 to 300,000/acre",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5g/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray only when Epiricania bio-agent is absent: Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Quinalphos 25% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Dimethoate 30% EC @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Detrash lower dry leaves to remove egg masses and allow sunlight into the canopy"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Sugarcane___Smut": {
+        "name": "Sugarcane Whip Smut (गन्ने का चाबुक कंडुवा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Sporisorium scitamineum (Ustilago scitaminea)",
+        "crop": "Sugarcane (गन्ना)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Summer and early monsoon (April to July); dry hot spells favoring spore dispersion",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Presence of black whip-like structures from crown",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Central growing spindle transformed into a long, curved, black, whip-like unbranched structure ('Whip')",
+            "Whip is initially covered by a thin silvery membrane that ruptures, shedding millions of powdery black teliospores into the wind",
+            "Infected clumps produce numerous thin, grassy, erect tillers with small narrow leaves ('Grassy shoots')",
+            "Complete cane loss with zero sugar recovery from infected stalks"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Cover the black whip carefully with a polythene or canvas bag, cut at base and burn outside field to prevent spore rain",
+                "Do NOT take ratoon crops from smut-infected fields"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": ["Sett dip in Trichoderma viride @ 10g/L water for 30 minutes"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Sett treatment before planting: Dip setts in Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/L water or Triadimefon 25% WP @ 1g/L for 15 minutes",
+                "Or Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1g/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Use certified disease-free seed setts", "Plant resistant varieties: Co-86032, Co-0238"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Sugarcane___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Sugarcane Crop (स्वस्थ गन्ना फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Saccharum officinarum (Optimal Biomass & Sucrose Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Sugarcane (गन्ना)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; thick erect juicy stalks with long broad deep-green leaves, vigorous tillering",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Vigorous upright thick canes with clean intact nodes and internodes free from bore holes or red staining",
+            "Broad deep-green leaves free from pyrilla honeydew or black sooty mould",
+            "Clean white internal pith tissue with high sugar content and healthy fibrous root system"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture; timely earthing up to prevent lodging during monsoon"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply pressmud compost @ 5 tonnes/acre and mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Regular detrashing of lower dead leaves to ensure aeration and reduce pest shelter"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    }
+}

backend/data_cereals.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1040 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Cereals Module (धान, गेहूं, मक्का)
+Covers all historical and current diseases, pests, insects, and deficiencies
+for Rice/Paddy, Wheat, and Maize in Chhattisgarh and India.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+CEREALS_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 1. RICE / PADDY (धान)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Rice___Blast": {
+        "name": "Rice Blast / Leaf & Neck Blast (धान का झुलसा/गर्दन तोड़)",
+        "scientific_name": "Magnaporthe oryzae",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October (Kharif); Temp 24-28°C, Relative Humidity > 85%, long dew duration",
+        "economic_injury_level": "2-5% leaf area infected or 1-2 neck lesions per m²",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Spindle-shaped elliptical lesions with greyish-white center and dark reddish-brown margins on leaves",
+            "Blackish-brown necrosis at neck node causing panicle to snap and drop grains (Neck Blast / गर्दन तोड़)",
+            "Node blast causing culms to lodge and break at lower joints",
+            "Severe blight burning entire fields in Surguja, Dhamtari, Raipur and Balod belts"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Drain standing water from field for 2-3 days and suspend top-dressing of urea/nitrogen immediately",
+                "Ensure field bunds and alleys are cleared to maximize cross-canopy airflow and reduce humidity"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2.5g/L (40g per 16L tank) or Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank)",
+                "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or cold-pressed Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Foliar spray of fresh cow urine solution (1 liter gomutra + 10 liters water + 50g asafoetida)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Tricyclazole 75% WP (Baan) @ 0.6g/L water (10g per 16L tank; 120g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC (Amistar Top) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Isoprothiolane 40% EC (Fuji-One) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank; 300ml/acre)",
+                "Or Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 2ml/L water (30ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seed or Trichoderma viride @ 10g/kg seed",
+            "Avoid late transplanting and excessive split doses of urea beyond 100 kg/ha",
+            "Grow blast-resistant varieties: Pusa 1509, Pusa 1847, IR-64 Drt, Swarna-Sub1, MTU-1010"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Rice___Bacterial_Leaf_Blight": {
+        "name": "Bacterial Leaf Blight / BLB (जीवाणु झुलसा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Bacterial",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to September during peak monsoon; Temp 25-30°C, RH > 90%, strong winds and rainstorms",
+        "economic_injury_level": "More than 5% leaves showing tip drying",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Water-soaked yellowish-green translucent lesions starting from leaf margins and moving downwards in wavy patterns",
+            "Milky bacterial ooze beads on leaf surface early morning, drying into yellow crusty beads",
+            "Leaves turn straw-yellow, curl, wither, and die (Kresek / Wilting stage in young crops)",
+            "Partial or complete drying of flag leaves causing chaffy panicles"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Drain excess flood water immediately; do not irrigate from infected fields to healthy plots",
+                "Stop all nitrogenous chemical fertilizers (urea/DAP) completely until new green tillers emerge"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray fresh cow dung supernatant (20 kg fresh cow dung stirred in 200L water, filtered through muslin cloth)",
+                "Apply Bacillus subtilis bio-formulation @ 3g/L (50g per 16L tank)",
+                "Foliar spray of fermented sour buttermilk (खट्टी छाछ) @ 50ml/L (800ml per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 50% WP 500g in 200L water per acre (0.5g Streptocycline + 40g COC per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Hydroxide 77% WP (Kocide) 2g/L (30g per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Hot water seed treatment at 52-54°C for 10 minutes or Streptocycline soak (1g in 10L water for 8 hours)",
+            "Apply split dosage of Potassium (MOP @ 25 kg/acre) to strengthen cell walls",
+            "Plant BLB-resistant varieties: Improved Samba Masoori, Pusa Basmati 1847, Pusa 1885"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Rice___Sheath_Blight": {
+        "name": "Rice Sheath Blight (तनावृंत झुलसा / शीथ ब्लाइट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Rhizoctonia solani",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October in dense tillering crop; Temp 28-32°C, RH 90-100%, high soil moisture",
+        "economic_injury_level": "5% infected tillers at tillering to panicle initiation stage",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Oval or irregular greenish-grey water-soaked snake-skin spots on leaf sheaths near water line",
+            "Lesions enlarge with greyish-white center and defined dark reddish-brown margins",
+            "Mustard-seed-like dark brown sclerotial bodies visible on infected sheaths",
+            "Culm lodging and premature drying of upper canopy in heavy stands"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Create alleyways (skip one row every 2-3 meters) to allow direct sunlight penetration into lower canopy",
+                "Lower standing water depth to 2 cm and avoid excessive stagnant flooding"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of Trichoderma harzianum @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank) targeting bottom leaf sheaths",
+                "Apply enriched neem cake @ 100 kg/acre to soil to decompose overwintering sclerotia",
+                "Spray Dashparni Ark @ 50ml/L (800ml per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Validamycin 3% L (Sheathmar) @ 2.5ml/L water (40ml per 16L tank; 500ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)",
+                "Or Thifluzamide 24% SC (Pulsor) @ 0.75ml/L water (12ml per 16L tank; 150ml/acre)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC (Custodia) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Deep summer ploughing to bury sclerotial bodies and remove volunteer weeds",
+            "Optimum plant spacing (20 x 15 cm) and avoid planting more than 2-3 seedlings per hill",
+            "Apply balanced nitrogen:phosphorus:potash (N:P:K 100:50:50 kg/ha)"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Rice___Brown_Spot": {
+        "name": "Brown Spot / Sesame Leaf Spot (भूरा धब्बा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Bipolaris oryzae (Cochliobolus miyabeanus)",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to November; light rain, cloudy sky, dry spells in rainfed nutrient-poor soils",
+        "economic_injury_level": "2-3 brown spots per leaf on flag leaf or top 3 leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Circular to oval sesame-seed-sized dark brown spots with yellowish halo on leaves and glumes",
+            "Spots coalesce covering entire leaf blades causing premature drying and scorched appearance",
+            "Dark brown or black discolouration on grains causing poor milling recovery and pecky rice",
+            "Associated with nutrient-starved, zinc/silicon deficient soils (Bengal Famine 1943 pathogen)"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Top-dress Potash (MOP @ 15 kg/acre) and Zinc Sulphate to restore plant nutritional vigor",
+                "Provide life-saving irrigation to relieve water stress in rainfed plots"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray bio-control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank)",
+                "Apply fermented Jeevamrut foliar spray (20L Jeevamrut in 200L water per acre)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400-500g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank; 300ml/acre)",
+                "Or Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Thiram 75% WP @ 2.5g/kg or Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seed",
+            "Apply FYM/compost @ 5 tonnes/ha with balanced zinc and silicon fertilization",
+            "Grow resistant varieties: MTU-1001, IR-36, Rajeshwari, Danteshwari"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Rice___False_Smut": {
+        "name": "False Smut / Green Smut / Haldi Rog (हल्दी रोग / झूठा कंडुवा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Ustilaginoidea virens",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "September to November at heading/flowering; Temp 25-30°C, RH > 90%, cloudy overcast days",
+        "economic_injury_level": "1-2 infected smut balls per panicle",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Individual rice grains transformed into large velvety greenish-yellow spore masses (smut balls)",
+            "Spore balls burst open turning golden-yellow and finally dark olive-green to black",
+            "Release of yellow chlamydospore dust that stains adjacent healthy grains",
+            "Severe yield and quality loss in hybrid and high-yielding rice varieties in Surguja and Bilaspur"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Manually collect infected smut balls inside polythene bags and burn them outside field",
+                "Avoid spraying during peak noon hours when spores become airborne"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Copper Soap / Bordeaux mixture 1% at boot leaf stage",
+                "Apply Panchagavya @ 30ml/L (500ml per 16L tank) before flowering"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "First preventive spray at boot leaf stage: Copper Hydroxide 77% WP (Kocide) @ 2g/L (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre)",
+                "Or Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole 50% WG (Nativo) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Hot water seed treatment at 52°C for 10 minutes",
+            "Avoid high doses of nitrogenous fertilizers at panicle initiation stage",
+            "Early sowing to escape humid late-October spore dispersion windows"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Rice___Khaira_Disease": {
+        "name": "Khaira Disease / Zinc Deficiency (खैरा रोग - जस्ता की कमी)",
+        "scientific_name": "Zinc (Zn) Micronutrient Deficiency",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Deficiency",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to August (2 to 3 weeks after transplanting in waterlogged or alkaline soils)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Yellowing/rusty pigmentation on > 10% of young hills",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Chlorosis at the base of young leaves followed by reddish-brown rusty spots coalescing over the blade",
+            "Stunted plant growth, reduced tillering, and roots turn dark brown with brittle root tips",
+            "Irregular patches of stunted rusty vegetation across the field with delayed maturity",
+            "Discovered by Dr. Y.L. Nene; highly prevalent in alkaline, calcareous and continuously submerged soils"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Drain the field for 2-3 days to aerate the root zone and promote aerobic nutrient uptake",
+                "Do not apply phosphatic fertilizers (DAP/SSP) immediately as phosphorus locks up zinc availability"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Incorporate well-decomposed FYM or vermicompost enriched with Zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB @ 2 kg/acre)",
+                "Foliar spray of fermented neem-leaves and cow urine extract"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Foliar spray: Zinc Sulphate 21% @ 5g/L + Slaked Lime (चूना) @ 2.5g/L in water (80g Zinc Sulphate + 40g Lime per 16L tank; 1 kg Zinc + 500g Lime per acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Chelated Zinc (Zn-EDTA 12%) @ 1g/L water (16g per 16L tank; 200g/acre)",
+                "Repeat foliar spray after 10-12 days if new leaves still show bronze/rusty discoloration"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Basal soil application of Zinc Sulphate 33% @ 10 kg/acre or Zinc Sulphate 21% @ 20 kg/acre during final puddling",
+            "Green manuring with Dhaincha (Sesbania) or Sunhemp to lower soil pH and enhance micronutrient availability",
+            "Adopt alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Rice___Yellow_Stem_Borer": {
+        "name": "Yellow Stem Borer (पीला तना छेदक / डेड हार्ट / सफेद बाली)",
+        "scientific_name": "Scirpophaga incertulas",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October (Kharif) and March to April (Rabi); warm humid nights, continuous drizzle",
+        "economic_injury_level": "5% dead hearts at vegetative stage or 1 egg mass per m²",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Central vegetative tiller dries up and can be easily pulled out ('Dead Heart' / सूखा कल्ला) with chewed smelly base",
+            "At reproductive heading stage, panicles turn completely erect, white, and empty with zero grain filling ('White Head' / सफेद बाली)",
+            "Small yellow-brown silken egg masses covered with buff-coloured maternal hairs on upper leaf tips",
+            "Caterpillars bore inside the central stem internode, feeding on vascular bundles"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Clip seedling leaf tips before transplanting to eliminate over 80% of deposited egg masses",
+                "Install 5-8 Pheromone Traps (Scirpophaga lures) per acre for mass trapping of male moths"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Release egg parasitoid Trichogramma japonicum @ 40,000 to 50,000 per acre at weekly intervals starting 30 days after transplanting",
+                "Spray Beauveria bassiana 1.15% WP @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank) or Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 2g/L",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) or 10,000 PPM Azadirachtin @ 2ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Apply Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G (Ferterra) @ 4 kg/acre in 2-3 cm standing water",
+                "Or spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Cartap Hydrochloride 50% SP (Padan) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Fipronil 5% SC (Regent) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Harvest crops close to ground level and plough paddy stubbles immediately after harvest to kill diapausing larvae",
+            "Avoid excessive use of synthetic pyrethroids which kill natural spider predators",
+            "Plant borer-tolerant varieties like Ratna, Vikas, IR-36"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Rice___Gall_Midge": {
+        "name": "Rice Gall Midge / Silver Shoot / Kando (गाल मिज / सिल्वर शूट / कांदो रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Orseolia oryzae",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to September (tillering stage); Cloudy weather, continuous drizzle, Temp 24-28°C, RH > 85%",
+        "economic_injury_level": "5% silver shoots at tillering stage",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Growing leaf sheath transformed into a hollow, tubular silvery-white gall resembling an onion leaf ('Silver Shoot' or 'Onion Shoot' / कांदो)",
+            "Central growing point suppressed; no panicle or earhead emerges from affected tillers",
+            "Profuse stunted tillering giving the hill a bunched broom-like appearance",
+            "Major historical regional pest across Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg, Bastar and Surguja divisions in Chhattisgarh"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Drain standing water from infested plots for 48 hours to expose pupae to soil predators",
+                "Remove alternative grassy weed hosts (Paspalum distichum, Leersia hexandra) from bunds"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Encourage natural parasitoids: Platygaster oryzae (attacks up to 80% gall midge maggots naturally)",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil @ 3ml/L water",
+                "Apply fresh cow urine spray (1:10 dilution with neem leaves extract)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Soil application: Fipronil 0.3% G @ 7 kg/acre or Cartap Hydrochloride 4% G @ 7.5 kg/acre in moist soil",
+                "Or foliar spray: Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2.5ml/L water (40ml per 16L tank; 500ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Early planting in June/early July to escape peak gall midge emergence in August",
+            "Seedling root dip in Chlorpyrifos 20% EC (1ml/L water) for 2 hours before transplanting",
+            "Grow gall midge biotype-resistant varieties: Mahamaya, Karma Mahsuri, Danteshwari, Indira Sona, Samleshwari"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Rice___Brown_Plant_Hopper": {
+        "name": "Brown Plant Hopper / BPH / Hopper Burn (भूरा माहू / हॉपर बर्न)",
+        "scientific_name": "Nilaparvata lugens",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "September to November (booting, milking & grain maturity); high humidity, dense canopy, overcast skies",
+        "economic_injury_level": "5-10 hoppers per hill at vegetative stage or 15-20 hoppers per hill at heading",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Nymphs and adults congregate at the base of rice stems above water line, sucking sap aggressively",
+            "Leaves turn yellow, dry up, and entire circular patches collapse into brown scorched areas ('Hopper Burn' / झुलसा)",
+            "Circular burnt patches spread rapidly outward in concentric rings, destroying entire fields in 3-5 days",
+            "Sooty mould fungus develops on sticky honeydew excretions covering the lower tillers",
+            "Major devastating pest in Arang, Dhamtari, Kurud, Bemetara and Raipur rice bowls"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Drain standing water immediately and practice alternate wetting and drying (AWD) to reduce lower canopy humidity",
+                "Open alleys (30 cm paths every 2-3 meters) to allow direct sunlight to hit the stem base"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank) directed strictly at the base of stems",
+                "Or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L or Verticillium lecanii @ 5g/L",
+                "Spray 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Direct spray strictly towards the BASE of the hills (not top foliage): Pymetrozine 50% WDG (Chess) @ 0.6g/L water (10g per 16L tank; 120g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Triflumezopyrim 10% SC (Pexalon) @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank; 94ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Dinotefuran 20% SG (Token / Oshin) @ 0.4g/L water (6g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)",
+                "Or Flonicamid 50% WG (Ulala) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)",
+                "NEVER spray synthetic pyrethroids (Cypermethrin/Deltamethrin) as they cause massive pest resurgence!"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Avoid excess nitrogen fertilizer (urea); apply potash in 2 split doses",
+            "Maintain wider row spacing (20 x 15 cm) with mandatory skip rows for aeration",
+            "Grow BPH-tolerant varieties: MTU-1010, IR-64, Chapti Gurmatia, Indira Barani Dhan"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Rice___Leaf_Folder": {
+        "name": "Rice Leaf Folder / Leaf Roller (पत्ती लपेटक सूंडी)",
+        "scientific_name": "Cnaphalocrocis medinalis",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October; high nitrogen application, shaded fields, high humidity and overcast conditions",
+        "economic_injury_level": "1-2 damaged leaves with active larvae per hill",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Caterpillar folds leaf margins longitudinally using white silk threads and feeds scraped inside the green tissue",
+            "Longitudinal white transparent streaks on damaged leaves; folded leaves turn scorched and papery white",
+            "Heavily infested fields appear whitish and burnt from a distance, severely reducing photosynthesis",
+            "Presence of golden-brown moths with wavy brown wing margins fluttering above canopy at dusk"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Drag a long coir rope across the top of the canopy back and forth in morning dew to dislodge larvae into water",
+                "Reduce nitrogen top-dressing immediately"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Release egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis @ 40,000/acre starting at first moth flight",
+                "Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 2g/L (35g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE or Neem Oil 1500 PPM @ 4ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Cartap Hydrochloride 50% SP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre)",
+                "Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80-100g/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Balanced fertilizer use; avoid excessive urea splits during vegetative phase",
+            "Preserve predatory spiders, dragonflies, and mirid bugs in the paddy ecosystem"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Rice___Hispa": {
+        "name": "Rice Hispa (धान का हिसपा / कांटेदार भृंग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Dicladispa armigera",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to August; high relative humidity (80-90%), cloudy weather after heavy monsoon rain",
+        "economic_injury_level": "1-2 adult beetles per hill or 1 damaged leaf per hill",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small shiny black spiny beetles scrape upper leaf epidermis, leaving characteristic parallel white streaks",
+            "Maggots mine between upper and lower epidermal layers, producing irregular blotch-like blisters",
+            "Leaves turn brownish-white, wither and dry from tip downwards, giving a scorched look",
+            "Leaves roll upwards and dry prematurely, reducing grain yield significantly"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Clip leaf tips of seedlings before transplanting to destroy leaf-mining grubs",
+                "Run sweep nets through young paddy canopy to catch and destroy adult beetles"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank)",
+                "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 1500 PPM @ 4ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2.5ml/L water (40ml per 16L tank; 500ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Quinalphos 25% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)",
+                "Or Profenofos 50% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Eradicate grassy weed hosts around irrigation canals and field borders",
+            "Avoid deep transplanting and maintain balanced fertilizer ratios"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Rice___Gundhi_Bug": {
+        "name": "Rice Gundhi Bug / Earhead Bug (गंधी बग / बदबूदार कीड़ा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Leptocorisa acuta",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "September to November (milking stage / दूधिया दाने); warm humid days with light morning breezes",
+        "economic_injury_level": "1-2 bugs per hill during early morning or evening",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Adults and nymphs suck milky sap from developing rice grains during early morning and late evening",
+            "Brownish puncture marks on grains with white chalky spots, causing grains to become chaffy and empty",
+            "Pungent foul bedbug-like repulsive odor ('Gundhi') emanating from the rice field",
+            "Severely reduced grain weight, broken grains during milling, and black discolouration"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Dust chemicals or spray during early morning (6:00 to 8:30 AM) or evening when bugs are active on panicles",
+                "Set up light traps or rotting fish / dry fish bait traps in bamboo baskets to attract and destroy bugs"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Dust wood ash mixed with tobacco dust or dry neem leaf powder over the canopy in early morning",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil @ 3ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Dust Malathion 5% D @ 10 kg/acre over the canopy during early morning while dew is present",
+                "Or spray Lambda Cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)",
+                "Or Deltamethrin 2.8% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Clean bunds and remove alternative host grasses (Echinochloa, Panicum) before flowering",
+            "Synchronized community planting so that crops in adjacent fields mature at the same time"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Rice___Tungro": {
+        "name": "Rice Tungro Virus Disease (धान का टुंगरो विषाणु रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) & Spherical Virus (RTSV)",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Viral",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October; high Green Leafhopper (GLH) population, warm temperatures (28-32°C)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Presence of Green Leafhopper vector and yellowing seedlings",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Stunting of plants with yellow to orange-yellow leaf discoloration starting from leaf tips downwards",
+            "Young leaves mottled or with pale green stripes; older leaves become bright yellow-orange",
+            "Reduced tillering, delayed flowering, panicles are small, sterile and partially exserted with dark blotches",
+            "Transmitted exclusively in a semi-persistent manner by Green Leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens)"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Rogue out and destroy infected diseased hills immediately to eliminate viral reservoir",
+                "Control the leafhopper vector immediately to prevent disease transmission to adjacent healthy fields"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 10-12 per acre to trap adult Green Leafhoppers",
+                "Foliar spray of Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L water to repel leafhoppers"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Vector control spray: Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (Confidor) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 50-60ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Dinotefuran 20% SG @ 0.4g/L water (6g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Grow vector-resistant and Tungro-tolerant varieties: IR-36, IR-64, Vikramarya, Pusa-2-21",
+            "Adjust planting dates to escape peak leafhopper vector migration"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Rice___Bakanae": {
+        "name": "Rice Bakanae / Foot Rot / Flag Disease (झंडा रोग / बकाने)",
+        "scientific_name": "Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi)",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to August (nursery and early tillering stage); seed and soil-borne",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Abnormally tall thin pale tillers emerging in field",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Infected seedlings grow abnormally tall, slender, pale yellowish-green ('Foolish Seedling' / झंडा रोग)",
+            "Tender plants tower above healthy green crop canopy by 15-30 cm",
+            "White or pinkish fungal mycelium visible at the collar region near ground level",
+            "Adventitious roots develop from lower nodes above ground; plants die before panicle emergence"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Rogue out and burn abnormally tall infected plants immediately along with root system",
+                "Never save seed from fields affected by Bakanae"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Seed soaking in Trichoderma viride @ 10g/L water for 8 hours before nursery sowing",
+                "Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2 kg/acre mixed with compost"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Seed treatment is the ONLY reliable control: Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seed or Thiram @ 2.5g/kg",
+                "Or soak seeds in Carbendazim solution (1g/L) for 24 hours before nursery sowing",
+                "Foliar spray in young crop: Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L (35g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Use certified disease-free seed",
+            "Avoid deep transplanting and maintain proper nursery drainage"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Rice___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Rice Crop (स्वस्थ धान फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Oryza sativa (Optimal Chloroplast Health)",
+        "crop": "Rice (Paddy)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; optimal canopy architecture, balanced nutrition, zero active lesions",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None (Canopy healthy)",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Vibrant uniform emerald green foliage with high chlorophyll reflectance (GLI > 0.25)",
+            "Strong, upright tillers with clean leaf sheaths free from fungal lesions or insect puncture marks",
+            "Clean root zone with active white feeder rootlets and no rotting or discoloration",
+            "Healthy panicle initiation and uniform grain filling"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Maintain optimal shallow standing water (2-5 cm) during tillering and panicle development",
+                "No chemical interventions required; keep monitoring weekly"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Apply periodic preventive bio-tonic: Vermiwash or Jeevamrut @ 10% concentration every 15 days",
+                "Maintain bird perches (T-shaped bamboo sticks @ 15/acre) to encourage insectivorous birds"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "No chemical spray required. Conserve beneficial insects, spiders, and predatory mirid bugs."
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Continue balanced fertilization and alternate wetting and drying water regime",
+            "Inspect lower leaf sheaths weekly for early signs of sheath blight or hoppers"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 2. WHEAT (गेहूं)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Wheat___Yellow_Rust": {
+        "name": "Wheat Yellow / Stripe Rust (गेहूं का पीला रतुआ / स्ट्राइप रस्ट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici",
+        "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "December to February; Cool temperatures (10-18°C), high humidity, morning fog and dews",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of yellow pustule stripes on 1-2 leaves in a patch",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Bright lemon-yellow to orange-yellow powdery pustules (uredinia) arranged in narrow, parallel linear stripes along leaf veins",
+            "Pustules rupture releasing masses of yellow dust that stain fingers or white cloth",
+            "Severe infection leads to leaf drying, premature senescence, shrivelled grain, and 40-70% yield loss",
+            "Rapid epidemic spread across North/Central India during prolonged winter cloudiness"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Identify initial focus patches ('focal points') and spray surrounding borders immediately to arrest wind dispersal",
+                "Avoid late evening irrigation which prolongs night dew duration on foliage"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of cow urine + sour buttermilk (खट्टी छाछ) solution @ 50ml/L water",
+                "Apply Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water as early prophylactic bio-fungicide"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank; 250ml/acre)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Repeat spray after 15 days if cool humid conditions persist"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Sow certified rust-resistant varieties: DBW-187 (Karan Vandana), DBW-303, PBW-725, HD-3086, HD-3226",
+            "Avoid planting highly susceptible older varieties (HD-2967 in stripe rust prone zones)",
+            "Timely sowing in November to escape late season virulent spore showers"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Wheat___Brown_Rust": {
+        "name": "Wheat Brown / Leaf Rust (गेहूं का भूरा रतुआ)",
+        "scientific_name": "Puccinia triticina (Puccinia recondita)",
+        "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "January to March; warmer winter temperatures (20-25°C), morning dew, scattered rain",
+        "economic_injury_level": "5-10% leaf area covered with brown pustules on flag leaf",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small circular to oval reddish-brown powdery pustules scattered randomly on upper leaf surface (not in linear stripes)",
+            "Pustules release orange-brown urediniospores leaving leaves chlorotic and withered",
+            "Premature defoliation, reduced 1000-grain weight, and shrivelled poor quality grain"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Spray flag leaves immediately upon appearance of first pustules",
+                "Avoid excess nitrogen fertilizer which creates lush susceptible leaf tissue"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or raw garlic-chilli extract @ 20ml/L",
+                "Spray Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5g/L water"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG (Nativo) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Grow brown rust resistant varieties: HD-3226, DBW-187, Shriram Super 111, GW-322, Sujata",
+            "Balanced NPK application (120:60:40 kg/ha) with adequate potassium"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Wheat___Loose_Smut": {
+        "name": "Wheat Loose Smut (गेहूं का खुला कंडुवा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Ustilago tritici",
+        "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "February to March (flowering and heading stage); internally seed-borne pathogen",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Presence of black smutted earheads in field",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Every spikelet of the infected earhead transformed into a loose, powdery mass of olive-black spores",
+            "Initially covered by a delicate silvery-grey membrane which ruptures quickly, leaving only the bare naked rachis ('Skeleton earhead')",
+            "Smutted heads emerge earlier than healthy heads; spores blown by wind to infect adjacent flowering spikes silently"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Carefully cover infected smutted heads with polythene bags, cut and burn them to prevent spore dispersion to flowering spikes",
+                "Never harvest seeds from smut-infected fields for next year sowing"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Solar Heat Seed Treatment: Soak seeds in water for 4-5 hours on a bright sunny summer day (May-June), then spread thin on black polythene/tin sheets for 4 hours (internal mycelium killed by 45-50°C solar heat)",
+                "Bio-seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10g/kg seed"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Mandatory preventive seed treatment (no chemical cure once earhead emerges black): Treat seeds before sowing with Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS (Vitavax Power) @ 2.5g/kg seed",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 2% DS (Raxil) @ 1g/kg seed"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Use certified loose-smut-free seed from NSC or government certified seed depots",
+            "Strict solarization of farm-saved wheat seeds during peak summer months"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Wheat___Karnal_Bunt": {
+        "name": "Wheat Karnal Bunt (गेहूं का करनाल बंट रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Tilletia indica (Neovossia indica)",
+        "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "February to March (heading & anthesis); light rainfall, high humidity (> 70%), Temp 15-22°C",
+        "economic_injury_level": "0.5% infected grains (Strict quarantine pathogen for export)",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Only a few grains per earhead are partially converted into black powdery teliospore masses; whole earhead is not destroyed",
+            "Infected grains emit a foul, nauseating rotten-fish odor due to trimethylamine gas production",
+            "Embryo end of the grain typically destroyed, leaving the hollow pericarp intact",
+            "Severe rejection of wheat consignments for international export and flour quality degradation"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Avoid sprinkler irrigation during flowering/anthesis period as water droplets facilitate sporidial infection",
+                "Do not save seeds from infected plots for sowing"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Bio-seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g/kg seed",
+                "Apply neem cake to soil @ 100 kg/acre to reduce teliospore viability"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Single prophylactic spray at earhead emergence (50% flowering): Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed",
+            "Crop rotation with non-cereal crops (Chickpea, Mustard, Berseem) for 2-3 years to break soil-borne teliospore cycle"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Wheat___Powdery_Mildew": {
+        "name": "Wheat Powdery Mildew (गेहूं का चूर्णिल आसिता / सफेद चूर्णी)",
+        "scientific_name": "Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici",
+        "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "January to February; cool humid weather (15-20°C), dense canopy, cloudy conditions",
+        "economic_injury_level": "White fungal patches covering > 10% of lower leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Fluffy, white, talcum-powder-like fungal patches on upper surface of lower leaves, stems, and sheaths",
+            "White patches turn dull grey to brownish, producing small black specks (cleistothecia)",
+            "Heavily affected leaves turn yellow, senesce, and dry prematurely, reducing grain yield"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Ensure proper field aeration and avoid excessively dense seeding",
+                "Spray lower canopy thoroughly where fungal powder is concentrated"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray wettable sulfur (Sulfex 80% WDG) @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank)",
+                "Apply baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) solution @ 5g/L with 2ml liquid soap"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Hexaconazole 5% SC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Use recommended seed rate (40 kg/acre for timely sown; do not broadcast thick)",
+            "Grow resistant cultivars: HD-3086, DBW-187, PBW-550"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Wheat___Aphids": {
+        "name": "Wheat Aphid / Mahu (गेहूं का माहू / चेपा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Rhopalosiphum padi & Sitobion avenae",
+        "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "January to February; cloudy, overcast skies, high humidity and mild winter temperatures",
+        "economic_injury_level": "10-15 aphids per earhead/tiller at heading stage",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Colonies of tiny greenish-black soft-bodied aphids crowding on leaves, tender stems, and young earheads",
+            "Nymphs and adults suck phloem sap, turning leaves yellow, curled, and causing shrivelled, chaffy grains",
+            "Secretion of sticky honeydew resulting in black sooty mould growth that blocks sunlight",
+            "Loss of 10-25% grain weight during ear emergence"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Conserve natural predators: Ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata), hoverfly maggots, and lacewings",
+                "Spray when morning aphid count exceeds 10 per earhead"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Verticillium lecanii or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)",
+                "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 1500 PPM @ 4ml/L water"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.25g/L water (4g per 16L tank; 50g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank; 300ml/acre)",
+                "Or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Timely sowing in November to escape late February aphid population explosion",
+            "Avoid excessive split doses of urea"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Wheat___Termites": {
+        "name": "Wheat Termite / Deemak (गेहूं की दीमक)",
+        "scientific_name": "Odontotermes obesus & Microtermes obesi",
+        "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "November to January; sandy, light soils, un-decomposed FYM, dry soil conditions",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Wilting seedling patches in light soils",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Worker termites feed on roots and stem base below the soil level, cutting off water supply",
+            "Affected plants dry up, turn yellow, and can be pulled out effortlessly with severed taproots",
+            "Damaged stems are hollowed out and filled with soil gallery lines",
+            "Severe damage occurs under rainfed, moisture-stressed conditions"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Irrigate the field immediately; flooding suppresses subterranean termite activity and collapses tunnels",
+                "Never apply raw or un-decomposed cow dung which attracts subterranean termites"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Soil application of Metarhizium anisopliae @ 2 kg/acre mixed with 100 kg moist FYM",
+                "Pour neem cake extract along irrigation channels"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Seed treatment before sowing: Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 4ml/kg seed or Fipronil 5% SC @ 5ml/kg seed",
+                "Standing crop drenching: Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 1 to 1.5 liters per acre mixed in irrigation water or sand"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Use only fully decomposed compost/FYM",
+            "Deep summer ploughing to expose termite mounds to sunlight and birds"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Wheat___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Wheat Crop (स्वस्थ गेहूं फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Triticum aestivum (Optimal Vegetative & Earhead Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Rabi season; clean foliage, strong tillering, optimal flag leaf photosynthetic area",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Uniform upright green foliage free from yellow, brown, or black pustule stripes",
+            "Erect, healthy flag leaves and fully developed spikelets with zero smut dust or bunt odour",
+            "Strong root anchorage with healthy crown root development"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Ensure timely irrigation at Critical Root Initiation (CRI - 21 days), Tillering, Booting, and Milking stages",
+                "No pesticide spray needed"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of 19:19:19 NPK or Panchagavya @ 30ml/L at tillering to boost grain weight"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "No chemical spray required. Conserve beneficial ladybird beetles and spiders."
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Regular scouting of lower leaf canopies for early yellow rust stripes during cold foggy mornings"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 3. MAIZE / CORN (मक्का)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Corn_(maize)___Fall_Armyworm": {
+        "name": "Maize Fall Armyworm / FAW (मक्के का फॉल आर्मीवॉर्म / सैनिक कीट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Spodoptera frugiperda",
+        "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Kharif and Rabi seasons; warm weather, intermittent rain, severe in Bastar and Surguja",
+        "economic_injury_level": "10% whorl damage in young crop (up to 30 days) or 20% whorl damage in older crop",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Young larvae feed on epidermal tissue of leaves causing characteristic window-pane patches ('Windowing')",
+            "Older larvae bore into central whorl, creating large ragged ragged holes and massive sawdust-like fecal frass",
+            "Central growing point chewed off leading to stunted dead whorls; later larvae attack tassels and ear cobs",
+            "Larva distinguished by 4 dark spots arranged in a square on the 8th abdominal segment and an inverted 'Y' on head"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Hand-pick egg masses and neonate larvae from leaves; drop sand or soil mixed with ash into whorls to suffocate caterpillars",
+                "Apply poison bait: Ferment 10 kg rice bran + 2 kg jaggery in 3L water for 24 hours, mix Thiodicarb 75% WP @ 100g or Chlorpyrifos 250ml, apply small balls in whorls"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install 5 Pheromone Traps (Spodoptera frugiperda lure) per acre for monitoring",
+                "Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt kurstaki) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank) or Metarhizium rileyi @ 5g/L",
+                "Apply Neem formulation (Azadirachtin 1500 PPM @ 5ml/L or 10,000 PPM @ 2ml/L) inside the whorl"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Target spray directly into the leaf whorl: Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.4ml/L water (6-7ml per 16L tank; 80ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Spinetoram 11.7% SC (Delegate) @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank; 100ml/acre)",
+                "Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)",
+                "Or Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda Cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC (Alika) @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Cyantraniliprole 19.8% + Thiamethoxam 19.8% FS (Fortenza Duo) @ 6ml/kg seed",
+            "Intercropping with cowpea (Lobia) or pulses in 2:1 or 4:1 ratio to suppress pest buildup",
+            "Deep summer ploughing to expose pupae to birds and scorching sun"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Corn_(maize)___Turcicum_Leaf_Blight": {
+        "name": "Maize Turcicum Leaf Blight / Northern Corn Leaf Blight (मक्के का टर्सिकम झुलसा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Exserohilum turcicum (Bipolaris turcica)",
+        "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October; Moderate temperature (20-25°C), high relative humidity (90-100%), heavy morning dews",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Lesions covering > 5% leaf area on lower leaves before silking",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Long, elliptical, boat-shaped or spindle-shaped greyish-green to tan lesions (2.5 to 15 cm long) on leaves",
+            "Lesions start from lower leaves and advance upwards, with olive-green or dark velvety fungal sporulation on lesions during humid mornings",
+            "Complete burning and premature death of leaves, resulting in small underdeveloped cobs and poor grain yield"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Remove and burn severely blighted lower leaves to reduce inoculum load",
+                "Avoid overhead sprinkler irrigation that keeps leaves wet"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) or raw cow urine solution (1:10)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC (Amistar Top) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Thiram 75% WP @ 2.5g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg",
+            "Plant resistant hybrids: HQPM-1, PMH-1, Bio-9681, Shaktiman-1"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Corn_(maize)___Common_rust_": {
+        "name": "Maize Common Rust (मक्के का सामान्य रतुआ)",
+        "scientific_name": "Puccinia sorghi",
+        "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Cool, moist weather (Temp 16-25°C, high humidity > 90%); common in winter/Rabi maize",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Brown pustules scattered over 10% leaf area",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Golden-brown to cinnamon-brown powdery pustules (uredinia) scattered across both upper and lower leaf surfaces",
+            "Pustules rupture releasing rusty spores, turning brownish-black late in the season (teliospores)",
+            "Leaves turn chlorotic, dry prematurely, and plants suffer lodging"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Inspect lower and middle canopy leaves in morning dew", "Avoid excess irrigation"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray wettable sulfur @ 3g/L (50g per 16L tank)", "Apply fermented cow urine solution (1:10)"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400-500g/acre)",
+                "Or Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Grow rust-resistant maize hybrids", "Early sowing of winter maize in October to escape peak humidity"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Corn_(maize)___Cercospora_leaf_spot Gray_leaf_spot": {
+        "name": "Maize Gray Leaf Spot / Cercospora (मक्के का धूसर पत्ती धब्बा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Cercospora zeae-maydis",
+        "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Warm humid conditions with prolonged dew and overcast skies",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Rectangular grey spots coalescing on lower canopy",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small, tan spots with chlorotic haloes that elongate into narrow rectangular grey lesions delimited by veins",
+            "Lesions coalesce blighting entire leaf blades, resulting in premature stalk dieback and lodging",
+            "Severe reduction in photosynthetic surface during ear fill"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Avoid sprinkler irrigation; facilitate good air circulation"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Trichoderma harzianum @ 5g/L water", "Apply fermented buttermilk spray @ 50ml/L"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Pyraclostrobin 20% WG @ 1g/L water (16g per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Crop rotation with soybean or pulses", "Tillage to bury crop debris containing overwintering mycelium"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Corn_(maize)___Northern_Leaf_Blight": {
+        "name": "Maize Northern Leaf Blight (मक्के का उत्तरी पत्ती झुलसा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Setosphaeria turcica (Helminthosporium turcicum)",
+        "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "High humidity, frequent rain, Temp 18-27°C",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Long boat-shaped lesions spreading to ear leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Long, cigar-shaped, elliptical greyish-green to tan lesions",
+            "Lesions merge causing extensive foliage burning and premature death of plants",
+            "Stalks become weak and prone to lodging"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray at first sign of disease on lower leaves before tassel emergence"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5g/L water"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Plant certified resistant hybrids", "Deep ploughing of stubbles"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Corn_(maize)___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Corn / Maize (स्वस्थ मक्का फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Zea mays (Optimal Photosynthetic Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; broad glossy green leaves, clean whorl, vigorous tassel and cob emergence",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Broad emerald-green leaves free from caterpillar windowing holes or fungal blight spots",
+            "Clean central whorls free from sawdust-like frass or armyworm larvae",
+            "Robust brace roots and well-developed silking ear cobs"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture at knee-high, tasseling, and grain-filling stages"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply vermicompost or Jeevamrut @ 10% foliar spray at knee-high stage"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed. Conserve predatory ground beetles and earwigs."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Scout central whorls weekly for early Fall Armyworm egg masses"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    }
+}

backend/data_fruits.py

@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Fruits, Cole Crops, Alliums & Cucurbits Module
+Covers Mango, Papaya, Citrus, Onion, Garlic, Cabbage, Cauliflower, and Cucurbitaceous gourds
+across Chhattisgarh and All India.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+FRUITS_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 1. MANGO (आम)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Mango___Powdery_Mildew": {
+        "name": "Mango Powdery Mildew (आम का बौर चूर्णी / खर्रा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Oidium mangiferae",
+        "crop": "Mango (आम)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "February to March (flowering and fruit set stage); cloudy overcast days, cool nights and morning dews",
+        "economic_injury_level": "White powdery coating over > 5% floral panicles",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "White, talcum-powder-like fungal coating covering inflorescence panicles, flowers, and tender young pea-stage fruits",
+            "Infected flowers fail to open, dry up, turn brown to black, and drop off ('Blossom Blight')",
+            "Young fruits drop prematurely or become corky, cracked, and misshapen; can cause 70-90% loss in fruit set"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "First spray MUST be given at flower bud emergence (panicle initiation before flowers open)",
+                "Second spray at full bloom and third spray at pea-sized fruit stage"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG (Sulfex) @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Apply raw milk + water solution (1:9) or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) @ 5g/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank; 300ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank; 250ml/acre)",
+                "Or Dinocap 48% EC (Karathane) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Prune overcrowded and dead branches after harvest to allow direct sunlight inside the tree canopy",
+            "Avoid excessive irrigation during flowering"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Mango___Hopper": {
+        "name": "Mango Hopper / Phadka / Chepa (आम का भुनगा / मधुआ कीट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Amritodus atkinsoni & Idioscopus clypealis",
+        "crop": "Mango (आम)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "February to April (flowering and fruit development); warm spring weather, high tree shade",
+        "economic_injury_level": "5 hoppers per panicle during flowering",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Thousands of tiny, wedge-shaped greyish-brown hoppers crowd on flower panicles and tender leaves, flying off with a clicking sound when disturbed",
+            "Nymphs and adults suck sap from tender panicles, causing flower buds to wither, turn brown, and dry up ('Blossom Drop')",
+            "Secretion of copious sticky sweet honeydew, causing thick black sooty mould (Meliola mangiferae) covering leaves and branches",
+            "The #1 devastating insect pest of mango causing up to 100% loss of fruit set if unmanaged"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Spray tree trunk and lower canopy branches where adult hoppers hide during winter",
+                "First spray at panicle emergence; second spray at fruit set"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Beauveria bassiana 1.15% WP @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5g/L",
+                "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L water"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (Confidor) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)",
+                "Or Clothianidin 50% WDG @ 0.2g/L water (3g per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Do NOT spray during full bloom to protect honeybees!"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Canopy thinning: Prune internal dense branches after harvest to allow sun penetration",
+            "Keep orchard weed-free and wash tree trunks with lime whitewash"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Mango___Anthracnose": {
+        "name": "Mango Anthracnose / Blossom Blight (आम का एंथ्रेक्नोज / काला धब्बा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Glomerella cingulata)",
+        "crop": "Mango (आम)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Monsoon (July-August) and flowering season (Feb-March); high humidity (> 95%), frequent rain showers",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Dark circular spots on leaves and teardrop stains on fruits",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Oval to irregular dark brown to black necrotic spots on leaves with shot-hole centers",
+            "Blackening, blighting, and shedding of flowering panicles",
+            "Latent infection on fruits emerges during ripening as circular, sunken black spots with characteristic tear-stain patterns",
+            "Severe post-harvest rotting of harvested mangoes during transit and storage"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Prune dead twigs 5 cm below infected zone and spray immediately; apply Bordeaux paste to cut surfaces",
+                "Hot water treatment of harvested fruits at 52°C for 5 minutes controls latent post-harvest rot"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank)", "Apply Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG (Nativo) @ 0.5g/L water (8g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Post-harvest dip in hot water containing Carbendazim (1g/L) for 5 minutes", "Regular pruning of dead wood"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Mango___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Mango Orchard (स्वस्थ आम का पेड़)",
+        "scientific_name": "Mangifera indica (Optimal Canopy & Panicle Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Mango (आम)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; dense dark-green leathery canopy, clean reddish new leaf flushes, healthy panicle clusters",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Dense deep-green glossy leathery foliage free from hopper honeydew or sooty mould",
+            "Healthy branching canopy with clean panicle emergence and robust fruit set",
+            "Clean smooth-skinned green and ripening mangoes free from anthracnose spots or fruit fly punctures"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain basin irrigation; stop watering 15 days before harvest to improve sugar content"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply 50 kg well-rotted FYM + 2 kg neem cake per mature tree annually after harvest"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Install fruit fly pheromone traps (Methyl eugenol lure @ 6-8 traps/acre) 45 days before harvest"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 2. PAPAYA (पपीता)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Papaya___Ring_Spot_Virus": {
+        "name": "Papaya Ring Spot Virus / PRSV (पपीता का वलय धब्बा विषाणु रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Papaya Ringspot Potyvirus (PRSV) vectored by Aphids (Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae)",
+        "crop": "Papaya (पपीता)",
+        "category": "Viral",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Throughout the year; severe during warm weather favoring aphid migration",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of circular rings on fruits and oily water-soaked streaks on petioles",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Prominent dark green water-soaked oily streaks or stripes on leaf petioles and upper tree trunk",
+            "Severe yellow mosaic mottling, blistering, and distortion of young leaves, often reducing leaf blade to bare veins ('Shoestring effect')",
+            "Characteristic circular, dark green concentric ring spots or 'C'-shaped rings on green fruits ('Ring Spot')",
+            "Stunted tree growth, bitter tasteless fruits with low sugar, and eventual complete orchard decline"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Uproot and burn infected trees immediately upon first symptom emergence; do not leave viral reservoir trees",
+                "Spray systemic insecticide immediately to control transient aphid vectors"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15-20 per acre around orchard borders",
+                "Spray Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank) or 5% NSKE"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Vector control spray: Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)",
+                "Or Dimethoate 30% EC @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Grow 2-3 dense rows of border barrier crops (Maize, Sorghum, or Sunhemp) around papaya orchard to intercept flying aphids",
+            "Grow tolerant varieties like Red Lady 786 (manage vector strictly) or cross-protection methods"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Papaya___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Papaya Tree (स्वस्थ पपीता पौधा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Carica papaya (Optimal Foliage & Fruiting)",
+        "crop": "Papaya (पपीता)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; large broad healthy palmate leaves, clean hollow petioles, heavy fruit setting around trunk",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Broad deep-green palmate leaves free from yellow mosaic mottling or shoestring distortion",
+            "Clean smooth green petioles and erect sturdy trunk free from water-soaked lesions or foot rot",
+            "Abundant clean, smooth-skinned green and golden-orange ripening papayas free from ring spots"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain ring basin irrigation to keep water away from direct contact with trunk collar"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply 20 kg FYM + 250g Trichoderma viride per tree twice a year"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Avoid water stagnation around root collar to prevent fungal foot rot"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 3. CITRUS / LEMON / ORANGE (नींबू / संतरा)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Citrus___Canker": {
+        "name": "Citrus Canker (नींबू का कैंकर रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri",
+        "crop": "Citrus / Lemon / Orange (नींबू/संतरा)",
+        "category": "Bacterial",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Rainy season (July to September); warm wet windy weather, rain splashing and leaf miner injury",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Raised corky scab lesions on leaves, twigs, and fruits",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small, raised, blister-like corky spots on leaves, twigs, and fruits, surrounded by a prominent yellowish oily halo",
+            "Lesions turn brown, rough, corky, and crater-like with a depressed center ('Crater-like canker')",
+            "Severely affected leaves turn yellow and drop prematurely; twigs die back from tips",
+            "Corky rough eruptions on fruit rind make lemons unmarketable, causing severe commercial loss across India"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Prune and burn canker-infected twigs during winter before new flush emergence; apply Bordeaux paste to cuts",
+                "Control Citrus Leaf Miner strictly; leaf miner galleries provide direct entry portals for canker bacteria"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Bordeaux mixture 1% (1 kg Copper Sulphate + 1 kg Lime in 100L water) or Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L",
+                "Apply fresh cow dung supernatant (filtered) or neem seed extract"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 50% WP 500g in 200L water per acre (0.5g Streptocycline + 40g COC per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Hydroxide 77% WP @ 2g/L water (30g per 16L tank)",
+                "For Leaf Miner control: Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank) or Abamectin 1.9% EC @ 0.75ml/L"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Plant windbreaks (Casuarina, Shisham, Eucalyptus) around orchard to reduce wind-driven rain dissemination",
+            "Grow canker-tolerant varieties: Kagzi Lime selection, Tenali, Vikram, Balaji"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Citrus___Greening_HLB": {
+        "name": "Citrus Greening / Huanglongbing / HLB (नींबू का ग्रीनिंग रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus vectored by Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri)",
+        "crop": "Citrus / Lemon / Orange (नींबू/संतरा)",
+        "category": "Bacterial",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Throughout the year; severe in spring and monsoon flushes favoring citrus psyllid",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Asymmetric blotchy yellow mottle on leaves and inverted fruit ripening",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Characteristic asymmetric blotchy yellow mottle on leaves (chlorosis crossing leaf veins, not mirror-image)",
+            "Leaves become small, upright, pointing upward ('Rabbit-ear appearance') with zinc-like interveinal deficiency",
+            "Inverted fruit coloration: Fruits color prematurely at the stem end while the blossom end remains dark green ('Greening')",
+            "Fruits are small, lopsided, asymmetric, highly acidic and bitter with aborted dark seeds; gradual tree death in 3-5 years"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Rogue out and destroy severely declining trees to prevent psyllid vector spread",
+                "Spray systemic insecticide immediately targeting the Asian Citrus Psyllid vector"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15 per acre to monitor and trap adult psyllids",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil @ 4ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Psyllid vector control spray: Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.4ml/L water (6-7ml per 16L tank; 80ml/acre)",
+                "Or Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Use only certified virus-free budded saplings from government-certified nurseries",
+            "Regular scouting for small jumping psyllid nymphs on tender young flushes"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Citrus___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Citrus / Lemon Tree (स्वस्थ नींबू/संतरा का पेड़)",
+        "scientific_name": "Citrus aurantifolia & Citrus sinensis (Optimal Foliage & Fruit Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Citrus / Lemon / Orange (नींबू/संतरा)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; deep glossy dark-green winged leaves, fragrant white blossoms, abundant firm juicy fruits",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Deep glossy green foliage free from yellow blotchy mottle or corky canker craters",
+            "Sturdy spiny branches with fragrant white flowers and healthy fruit set",
+            "Smooth, firm, glossy green and bright yellow ripening lemons free from scab or leaf miner tunnels"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain ring basin irrigation to keep root collar dry; prune water shoots"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of Zinc Sulphate (0.5%) + Ferrous Sulphate (0.2%) + Lime twice a year"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Paint tree trunk with Bordeaux paste (1:1:10) up to 2 feet height before monsoon"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 4. ONION & GARLIC (प्याज एवं लहसुन)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Onion___Purple_Blotch": {
+        "name": "Onion Purple Blotch (प्याज का बैंगनी धब्बा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Alternaria porri",
+        "crop": "Onion & Garlic (प्याज / लहसुन)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "December to March (Rabi crop); warm humid weather (Temp 21-28°C), morning dews and winter rain",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Sunken purple lesions on > 5% leaves or flower stalks",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small water-soaked sunken spots on leaves and seed stalks that rapidly enlarge into oval purple-bordered lesions",
+            "Centers of lesions turn characteristic deep violet to dark purple, surrounded by a broad yellow chlorotic band",
+            "Lesions girdle leaves and seed stalks, causing leaves to break at the lesion site and collapse ('Top Dieback')",
+            "Severe reduction in bulb size by 30-50% and total destruction of onion seed crop"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Spray fungicide mixed with an agricultural sticker/spreader (Wettable Sticking Agent @ 1ml/L) because waxy onion leaves repel water droplets",
+                "Avoid overhead sprinkler irrigation"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)",
+                "Apply raw garlic extract or fermented cow urine solution (1:10)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC (Amistar Top) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water) with sticker",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank; 250ml/acre)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)",
+                "Or Propineb 70% WP (Antracol) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Thiram 75% WP @ 3g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg",
+            "Proper plant spacing (15 x 10 cm) and avoid water stagnation",
+            "Grow tolerant varieties: Agrifound Dark Red, N-53, Bhima Super, Bhima Red"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Onion___Thrips": {
+        "name": "Onion Thrips / Juaan (प्याज का थ्रिप्स / जुआं कीट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Thrips tabaci",
+        "crop": "Onion & Garlic (प्याज / लहसुन)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "February to April (dry sunny spring weather); hot dry spells favoring rapid population buildup",
+        "economic_injury_level": "30 thrips per plant or silvery white patches on central leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Hundreds of microscopic, slender yellow to brown thrips hide in the inner central leaf sheaths at the base of the plant",
+            "Insects scrape leaf epidermis and suck sap, creating characteristic silvery-white blotches or streaks ('Silvering')",
+            "Leaves curl, crinkle, turn yellow, dry from the tips downward ('Blast appearance'), and collapse prematurely",
+            "Bulbs remain small, deformed, and fail to develop full market size"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Direct spray deep into the central leaf axils where thrips colonies shelter; always add a wetting agent/sticker",
+                "Provide frequent light sprinkler irrigations to wash thrips off foliage"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Blue Sticky Traps @ 15-20 per acre at crop height",
+                "Spray Verticillium lecanii @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L",
+                "Apply 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Fipronil 5% SC (Regent) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water) with sticker",
+                "Or Spinetoram 11.7% SC (Delegate) @ 0.8ml/L water (13ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD (Benevia) @ 1.8ml/L water (30ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Intercropping onion with barrier crops like maize or coriander",
+            "Avoid planting near old infested garlic or onion fields"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Onion___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Onion & Garlic (स्वस्थ प्याज एवं लहसुन फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Allium cepa & Allium sativum (Optimal Bulb Development)",
+        "crop": "Onion & Garlic (प्याज / लहसुन)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Rabi season; tubular erect bluish-green leaves with waxy bloom, vigorous neck and bulb sizing",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Erect, tubular, hollow bluish-green leaves with clean waxy cuticle free from purple lesions or thrips silvering",
+            "Firm compact neck with vigorous swelling of underground bulbs",
+            "Healthy white fibrous root system free from basal pink rot or nematode galls"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture; stop irrigation 15 days before harvest for proper bulb curing"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply vermicompost and Potash at bulb initiation to increase bulb density"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Scout leaf axils weekly for early thrips nymphs"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 5. CUCURBITS / GOURDS (लौकी, कद्दू, करेला, खीरा, तरबूज)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Cucurbits___Downy_Mildew": {
+        "name": "Cucurbit Downy Mildew (कद्दूवर्गीय फसलों का मृदुरोमिल आसिता)",
+        "scientific_name": "Pseudoperonospora cubensis",
+        "crop": "Cucurbits / Gourds (लौकी, कद्दू, करेला, खीरा)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Rainy and post-monsoon (August to October); cool humid nights (15-20°C), heavy dews and rain",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Angular yellow patches on upper leaf surface",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Angular, sharp-edged, pale green to bright yellow spots on upper leaf surface, strictly delimited by leaf veins ('Mosaic mosaic tiles')",
+            "Purplish-grey to dark brown downy fungal growth on the underside of corresponding yellow spots during humid mornings",
+            "Spots turn necrotic brown, curl upwards, and entire leaf blades dry into crisp dead parchment paper ('Wildfire blight')",
+            "Vines rapidly defoliate within 5-7 days, leaving bare runners and sun-scalded, bitter fruits"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Spray systemic downy mildew fungicide immediately upon first angular spot observation",
+                "Train vines on bower (मचान) system to elevate leaves off wet soil"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Prophylactic spray of Bordeaux mixture 1% or Copper Hydroxide 77% WP @ 2g/L (30g per 16L tank)",
+                "Spray sour buttermilk (खट्टी छाछ) @ 50ml/L water"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Curzate) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)",
+                "Or Dimethomorph 50% WP (Acrobat) @ 1g/L + Mancozeb @ 2g/L water (16g Acrobat + 35g Mancozeb per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Famoxadone 16.6% + Cymoxanil 22.1% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Wide plant spacing (2 x 1.5 meters) to ensure canopy airflow",
+            "Drip irrigation instead of flooding"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Cucurbits___Fruit_Fly": {
+        "name": "Cucurbit Fruit Fly (कद्दूवर्गीय फसलों की फल मक्खी)",
+        "scientific_name": "Bactrocera cucurbitae (Zeugodacus cucurbitae)",
+        "crop": "Cucurbits / Gourds (लौकी, कद्दू, करेला, खीरा)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Summer and rainy season; warm humid weather",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Puncture marks with amber resin drop on young fruits",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Female fly punctures tender young green fruits with its ovipositor, exuding a drop of translucent amber resin/gum",
+            "Inside the fruit, legless white maggots feed on internal pulp and seeds, turning the interior into a watery decayed pulp",
+            "Fruits become deformed, twisted, turn prematurely yellow, rot, and drop off",
+            "Destroys 40-80% of bottle gourd, bitter gourd, cucumber, and pumpkin harvests across India"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Install Cue-Lure Fruit Fly Pheromone Traps @ 8-10 per acre across the vine canopy for continuous male fly trapping",
+                "Collect and deep-bury all punctured and rotting fruits in a pit (minimum 2 feet deep) with lime powder"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Bait Spray: Mix 100g jaggery (गुड़) + 10ml Malathion 50% EC in 10 liters of water, apply large coarse droplets on bower posts and borders",
+                "Apply Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L water to deter female oviposition"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Malathion 50% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water) or Deltamethrin 2.8% EC @ 1ml/L",
+                "Or Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)",
+                "Observe mandatory 3-day waiting period (PHI) before harvesting edible gourds!"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Bag young fruits with paper/polythene bags immediately after pollination",
+            "Deep summer ploughing to expose pupae in soil to birds and sun"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Cucurbits___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Cucurbit Vine (स्वस्थ कद्दूवर्गीय बेल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Cucurbita / Lagenaria / Cucumis (Optimal Vine Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Cucurbits / Gourds (लौकी, कद्दू, करेला, खीरा)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; broad deep-green leaves, vigorous climbing tendrils, prolific yellow flowers and glossy fruits",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Broad emerald-green leaves with healthy bristly hairs free from angular yellow patches or white powdery coating",
+            "Vigorous branching runners with abundant male and female yellow flowers",
+            "Tender, smooth, straight, glossy green gourds free from fruit fly puncture marks or gummy rot"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture; keep bower trellis well-supported"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of Panchagavya @ 30ml/L or 19:19:19 NPK every 15 days"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed. Protect pollinating bees!"]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Install fruit fly pheromone traps early before flowering begins"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    }
+}

backend/data_oilseeds.py

@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Oilseeds Module (तिलहन फसलें: सोयाबीन, सरसों, मूंगफली, रामतिल)
+Comprehensive coverage of all diseases, pests, insects, and deficiencies
+for Chhattisgarh (Rajnandgaon, Bemetara, Kabirdham, Surguja, Bastar) and All India.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+OILSEEDS_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 1. SOYBEAN (सोयाबीन)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Soybean___Girdle_Beetle": {
+        "name": "Soybean Girdle Beetle / Chakra Bhrung (सोयाबीन का गर्डल बीटल / चक्र भृंग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Obereopsis brevis (Oberia brevis)",
+        "crop": "Soybean (सोयाबीन)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to August (30-45 days after sowing); warm humid days with intermittent sunshine",
+        "economic_injury_level": "5-10% infested plants or 1 girdled plant per meter row",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Adult female beetle cuts two parallel circular ring girdles on petiole or main stem and deposits egg inside ('Girdling')",
+            "Foliage and leaves above the girdle wilt, droop down, dry up and turn brown within 24-48 hours",
+            "Larva hatches and bores downwards inside the pith of the stem, filling it with sawdust frass",
+            "Before winter pupation, the grub cuts the plant stem cleanly from inside near ground level, causing plant lodging and severe loss"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Hand-pick and destroy cut wilted petioles containing freshly laid eggs during early morning hours",
+                "Do not delay spraying once circular ring marks appear on leaf petioles"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5g/L",
+                "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda Cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC (Alika) @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank; 80-100ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Profenofos 50% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)",
+                "Or Betacyfluthrin 8.49% + Imidacloprid 19.81% OD (Solomon) @ 0.75ml/L water (12ml per 16L tank; 140ml/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Thiamethoxam 30% FS (Cruiser) @ 3ml/kg seed",
+            "Avoid planting at high density; maintain 45 cm row-to-row spacing",
+            "Deep summer ploughing to bury overwintering diapausing grubs in soil"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Soybean___Semilooper": {
+        "name": "Soybean Green Semilooper / Tobacco Caterpillar (सोयाबीन का सेमीलूपर / इल्ली)",
+        "scientific_name": "Chrysodeixis acuta & Spodoptera litura",
+        "crop": "Soybean (सोयाबीन)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to September (vegetative to pod formation); warm, overcast weather with frequent rains",
+        "economic_injury_level": "3-4 semiloopers per meter row or 10-15% defoliation",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Green caterpillars loop their body into a hump ('half-loop') while walking and feed voraciously on leaves",
+            "Leaves skeletonized into a lace-like mesh with only veins remaining; flowers and tender green pods chewed off",
+            "Severe defoliation halts photosynthesis and pod filling, causing up to 40% yield drop"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Install T-shaped bird perches @ 15-20/acre for insectivorous birds",
+                "Set up 5 Pheromone Traps per acre for moth monitoring"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt kurstaki) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)",
+                "Apply Beauveria bassiana 1.15% WP @ 5g/L or 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract)",
+                "Spray SlNPV (Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus) @ 250 LE/acre with jaggery"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre)",
+                "Or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)",
+                "Or Indoxacarb 15.8% EC @ 0.75ml/L water (12ml per 16L tank; 135ml/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Intercropping with maize or pigeonpea (4:2 ratio) to encourage natural parasitoids",
+            "Timely weed management to remove Amaranthus and volunteer weed hosts"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Soybean___Yellow_Mosaic_Virus": {
+        "name": "Soybean Yellow Mosaic Virus / YMV (सोयाबीन का पीला मोजेक रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) vectored by Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)",
+        "crop": "Soybean (सोयाबीन)",
+        "category": "Viral",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to August (early vegetative stage); hot dry spells favoring rapid whitefly multiplication",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Bright yellow patches on young trifoliate leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small yellow specks on young leaves developing into prominent bright yellow patches alternating with green tissue",
+            "Complete yellowing and bleaching of entire leaf canopy; leaves become leathery, brittle, and drop off",
+            "Stunted plant growth, delayed flowering, empty deformed pods with small shrivelled seeds"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Rogue out and destroy infected yellow plants during first 30 days to break transmission cycle",
+                "Spray systemic insecticide immediately to eradicate the whitefly vector"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15 per acre to mass trap adult whiteflies",
+                "Spray Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank) or 5% NSKE"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Vector control spray: Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)",
+                "Or Diafenthiuron 50% WP (Pegasus) @ 1.25g/L water (20g per 16L tank; 250g/acre)",
+                "Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Thiamethoxam 30% FS (Cruiser) @ 3ml/kg seed",
+            "Grow resistant varieties: JS-97-52, JS-20-29, JS-20-34, NRC-86, RVS-2001-4"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Soybean___Rust": {
+        "name": "Soybean Rust / Phakopsora Rust (सोयाबीन का रतुआ रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Phakopsora pachyrhizi",
+        "crop": "Soybean (सोयाबीन)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to September; Moderate temperature (18-26°C), continuous high humidity (> 90%), prolonged leaf wetness",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Tan-colored pustules on lower leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small, polygonal, water-soaked brown spots on lower leaves that rapidly develop into tan to reddish-brown raised pustules",
+            "Pustules erupt releasing powdery urediniospores, mostly on the underside of leaves",
+            "Leaves turn yellow, dry, and defoliate rapidly from the bottom upwards, leaving naked stems with unfilled pods",
+            "Devastating yield losses of 50-80% under favorable humid monsoon spells"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Apply fungicide immediately at first appearance of tan pustules before infection reaches upper canopy",
+                "Ensure proper field drainage to reduce canopy humidity"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of Trichoderma harzianum @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)",
+                "Apply raw garlic-chilli extract or Bordeaux mixture 1%"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank; 250ml/acre)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Grow rust-tolerant varieties: JS-97-52, PS-1024, DS-98-14",
+            "Timely sowing in June/early July to escape late monsoon spore dispersal"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Soybean___Charcoal_Rot": {
+        "name": "Soybean Charcoal Rot / Dry Root Rot (सोयाबीन का चारकोल रॉट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Macrophomina phaseolina",
+        "crop": "Soybean (सोयाबीन)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Late vegetative and podding stage; dry spells, high soil temperature (> 30°C) and water stress",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Premature dying of plants with charcoal-dusted lower stem",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Premature yellowing, wilting, and drying of plants with dead leaves remaining firmly attached to petioles",
+            "Lower stem and taproot turn greyish-black; when the stem epidermis is peeled back, millions of minute black micro-sclerotia resemble charcoal dust ('Charcoal Rot')",
+            "Pith of the stem is completely hollowed and shredded with black sclerotial lines"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Provide life-saving irrigation to break soil heat and drought stress"],
+            "organic_control": ["Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/acre with 100 kg compost"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Seed treatment: Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg",
+                "Root drenching: Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L water around affected patches"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Avoid dry spells during pod filling", "Maintain soil organic matter via green manuring"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Soybean___Anthracnose": {
+        "name": "Soybean Anthracnose / Pod Blight (सोयाबीन का एंथ्रेक्नोज / फली झुलसा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Colletotrichum truncatum",
+        "crop": "Soybean (सोयाबीन)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Warm, rainy weather (Temp 26-30°C, RH > 90%); common during podding stage",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Irregular dark lesions on green pods and stems",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Irregular dark brown to black sunken necrotic lesions on stems, petioles, and pods",
+            "Infected pods turn prematurely brown, shrivel up, and produce small discoloured aborted seeds",
+            "Tiny black spiny fruiting bodies (setae / acervuli) scattered over infected pod lesions"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray systemic fungicide at early pod initiation stage"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water", "Apply Copper Oxychloride @ 2.5g/L"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Pyraclostrobin 20% WG @ 1g/L water (16g per 16L tank; 200g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank; 250ml/acre)",
+                "Or Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim @ 3g/kg seed", "Grow certified disease-free seed"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Soybean___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Soybean Crop (स्वस्थ सोयाबीन फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Glycine max (Optimal Pod & Canopy Health)",
+        "crop": "Soybean (सोयाबीन)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Kharif season; broad healthy dark-green trifoliate leaves, strong branching, abundant pod clusters",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Broad lush green trifoliate foliage with zero girdle beetle rings or caterpillar chewing holes",
+            "Erect healthy stems with uniform flower clusters and green developing pods",
+            "Healthy taproot system with profuse pink Bradyrhizobium nodules"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain weed-free conditions during first 45 days"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 19:19:19 NPK + micronutrients at flowering to boost pod setting"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed. Conserve beneficial ladybird beetles and spiders."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Regular scouting of petiole rings to catch early girdle beetle infestation"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 2. MUSTARD / RAPESEED (सरसों / राई)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Mustard___Aphid": {
+        "name": "Mustard Aphid / Mahu / Moyla (सरसों का माहू / मोयला कीट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Lipaphis erysimi",
+        "crop": "Mustard / Rapeseed (सरसों/राई)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "January to February (flowering and pod filling); cloudy, overcast skies, high humidity and cool mild days",
+        "economic_injury_level": "50 aphids per 10 cm terminal central shoot or 10% flowering twigs colonized",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Dense colonies of tiny greenish-grey to black soft-bodied aphids covering tender terminal shoots, flowers, and young pods",
+            "Nymphs and adults suck plant sap voraciously, turning leaves yellow, curled, and causing flower buds to abort without pod setting",
+            "Developing siliquae (pods) become crinkled, distorted, and empty; plants stunted with up to 70% oil and yield loss",
+            "Copious sticky honeydew excretions attract black sooty mould, blocking photosynthetic leaf area",
+            "Devastating winter pest in Surguja, Balrampur, Jashpur and throughout Central/North India"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Conserve natural bio-predators: Ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata), Chrysoperla lacewings, and syrphid fly larvae",
+                "Spray immediately when aphid colonies exceed 50 per 10 cm terminal branch"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE @ 50g/L) or Neem Oil 1500 PPM @ 4ml/L (60ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Apply Verticillium lecanii @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L",
+                "Spray wood ash mixed with tobacco dust in early morning while dew is present"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank; 350ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (Confidor) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)",
+                "Or Oxydemeton Methyl 25% EC (Metasystox) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank; 300ml/acre)",
+                "Spray during late afternoon (after 3:30 PM) to protect pollinating honeybees!"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Early sowing in October (before 15th October) to escape peak aphid flight in January",
+            "Grow aphid-tolerant cultivars: Maya, Pusa Bold, NRCHB-101, Chhattisgarh Sarson"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Mustard___White_Rust": {
+        "name": "Mustard White Rust / Blister (सरसों का सफेद रतुआ / छाछिया)",
+        "scientific_name": "Albugo candida (Pustula tragopogonis)",
+        "crop": "Mustard / Rapeseed (सरसों/राई)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "December to February; cool humid weather (Temp 12-18°C, RH > 80%), morning fog and dew",
+        "economic_injury_level": "White blisters on > 5% leaves or staghead deformity in flower heads",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Raised, shiny white, cream-colored blisters (pustules) on the lower surface of leaves, corresponding to light green spots on upper surface",
+            "Pustules coalesce forming large irregular white crusts that rupture releasing chalky white sporangial powder",
+            "Systemic floral infection causes gross hypertrophy and distortion of floral axes, forming a swollen sterile 'Staghead' (हिरण का सींग)",
+            "Flowers transformed into leafy malformed sterile organs with zero pod or seed setting"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Clip and burn deformed staghead flower branches immediately",
+                "Avoid late evening irrigation which prolongs night dew duration on foliage"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Bordeaux mixture 1% or Copper Oxychloride @ 2.5g/L (40g per 16L tank)",
+                "Foliar spray of fresh cow urine solution (1:10) with sour buttermilk (50ml/L)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Metalaxyl 35% WS (Apron) @ 6g/kg seed",
+            "Crop rotation and deep summer ploughing",
+            "Grow resistant varieties: Pusa Mustrad-25, Pusa Karishma, RH-0749, Varuna"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Mustard___Alternaria_Blight": {
+        "name": "Mustard Alternaria Blight (सरसों का अल्टरनेरिया झुलसा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Alternaria brassicae & Alternaria brassicicola",
+        "crop": "Mustard / Rapeseed (सरसों/राई)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "December to February; cloudy overcast weather, intermittent rain, Temp 15-22°C",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Concentric target spots on leaves and green pods",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small dark brown to black circular spots that enlarge with prominent concentric target rings ('Target Board' pattern)",
+            "Spots coalesce causing extensive blighting and premature defoliation of lower and middle leaves",
+            "Linear dark brown to black spots on stems and siliquae (pods); infected pods shatter prematurely with small discoloured seeds"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray upon initial leaf spotting before flowering and pod formation"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water", "Apply Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Iprodione 50% WP (Rovral) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre)",
+                "Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Seed treatment with Thiram @ 3g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg", "Timely October sowing"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Mustard___Downy_Mildew": {
+        "name": "Mustard Downy Mildew (सरसों का मृदुरोमिल आसिता)",
+        "scientific_name": "Hyaloperonospora brassicae (Peronospora parasitica)",
+        "crop": "Mustard / Rapeseed (सरसों/राई)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Cool, damp, foggy mornings (Temp 10-18°C, RH > 90%)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Purplish-white downy coating on underside of leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Yellowish chlorotic patches on the upper surface of leaves corresponding to a white downy fungal coating on lower leaf surfaces",
+            "Leaves curl, turn brown, and dry up prematurely",
+            "Often co-infects with White Rust, compounding staghead floral malformations"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray systemic downy mildew fungicide early morning"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Bordeaux mixture 1% or Copper Oxychloride @ 3g/L"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Seed treatment with Apron 35% WS @ 6g/kg seed", "Proper plant spacing to avoid dense canopy humidity"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Mustard___Sawfly": {
+        "name": "Mustard Sawfly (सरसों की आरा मक्खी)",
+        "scientific_name": "Athalia lugens proxima",
+        "crop": "Mustard / Rapeseed (सरसों/राई)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "October to November (seedling to rosette stage); morning hours",
+        "economic_injury_level": "1-2 larvae per plant on young seedlings",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Dark blackish-green wrinkled caterpillars (grubs) with 8 pairs of abdominal prolegs feed on young leaves",
+            "Grubs bite circular holes in leaves, skeletonizing young seedlings completely ('shot-hole' appearance)",
+            "When touched, larvae curl up and fall to the ground feigning death ('Thanatosis')"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Hand-pick and destroy sluggish grubs in early morning hours",
+                "Dust wood ash over young seedlings in morning dew"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil @ 4ml/L"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Quinalphos 25% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Malathion 50% EC @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Summer ploughing to destroy overwintering pupae in soil", "Maintain clean seedbeds"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Mustard___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Mustard / Sarson (स्वस्थ सरसों फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Brassica juncea (Optimal Oil & Siliquae Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Mustard / Rapeseed (��रसों/राई)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Rabi season; broad dark-green wavy leaves, vibrant golden-yellow flower clusters, healthy green pods",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Broad healthy dark green lyrate foliage free from aphid colonies or white blister pustules",
+            "Vibrant golden-yellow flowering clusters attracting abundant pollinator bees",
+            "Uniform upright green siliquae (pods) filling with plump mustard seeds"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal soil moisture at flowering and pod filling"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 19:19:19 NPK + Sulfur 80% WDG @ 2g/L at flowering to boost oil content"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application required. Protect active honeybee populations!"]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Scout terminal shoots weekly for early aphid immigrants"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 3. GROUNDNUT (मूंगफली)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Groundnut___Tikka_Disease": {
+        "name": "Groundnut Tikka Disease / Leaf Spot (मूंगफली का टिक्का रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Cercospora arachidicola (Early Tikka) & Phaeoisariopsis personata (Late Tikka)",
+        "crop": "Groundnut / Peanut (मूंगफली)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October (Kharif); warm humid weather, prolonged dew, Temp 25-30°C",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Leaf spotting covering > 10% of lower canopy",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Early Tikka: Sub-circular reddish-brown to dark brown spots with prominent yellow halo on upper leaf surface",
+            "Late Tikka: Circular smaller dark brown to black spots with NO yellow halo; carbon-black cushion-like fruiting bodies underneath",
+            "Spots coalesce causing extensive premature defoliation; plants shed leaves leaving bare stems with small immature pods",
+            "Up to 50% pod and oil yield loss in rainfed groundnut tracts"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray upon initial appearance of spots on bottom leaves (around 35-40 days after sowing)"],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L",
+                "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or fermented sour buttermilk (खट्टी छाछ) @ 50ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank; 250ml/acre)",
+                "Or Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)",
+                "Or Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Kavach) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim @ 3g/kg seed or Trichoderma @ 10g/kg",
+            "Grow resistant varieties: Kadiri-6, TAG-24, Girnar-2, TG-37A"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Groundnut___Rust": {
+        "name": "Groundnut Rust (मूंगफली का रतुआ रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Puccinia arachidis",
+        "crop": "Groundnut / Peanut (मूंगफली)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "September to October; high relative humidity (> 85%), cloudy weather and warm days (24-28°C)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Brown pustules on lower leaf surface",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Pustules (uredinia) develop primarily on lower surface of leaves as orange to chestnut-brown raised blisters",
+            "Pustules rupture exposing powdery reddish-brown spores; corresponding upper leaf surface shows yellow chlorosis",
+            "Unlike Tikka, rust-affected leaves remain attached to the plant ('Leather leaf effect') but become scorched and curled",
+            "Often occurs in synergistic combination with Tikka disease, destroying entire canopies"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray systemic fungicide immediately upon observing orange pustules"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L (50g per 16L tank)", "Apply 5% NSKE @ 50ml/L"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Intercrop with pearl millet or pigeonpea", "Plant rust-resistant cultivars: GPBD-4, R-8808"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Groundnut___White_Grub": {
+        "name": "Groundnut White Grub / Gobar Keeda (मूंगफली की सफेद लट / गोबर कीड़ा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Holotrichia consanguinea & Holotrichia serrata",
+        "crop": "Groundnut / Peanut (मूंगफली)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to September; light sandy/red soils following early monsoon rains",
+        "economic_injury_level": "1 grub per meter row",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "C-shaped fleshy white grubs with dark brown head feed on underground taproot, secondary roots, and developing pods",
+            "Taproot chewed off 5-10 cm below ground level, causing sudden wilting and drying of plants in patches",
+            "Affected plants can be pulled out effortlessly; underground green pods chewed and hollowed out",
+            "Severe root devastation in light sandy loam and red soils across Central India"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Install light traps to catch adult scarab beetles emerging after first monsoon shower",
+                "Spray host trees (Neem, Ber, Khejri) around field borders with Monocrotophos or Quinalphos to kill mating adult beetles"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Soil application of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae or Beauveria bassiana @ 2.5 kg/acre mixed with 100 kg compost",
+                "Apply neem cake @ 100 kg/acre in furrows at sowing"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Seed treatment is MANDATORY: Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 15ml/kg seed or Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 6.5ml/kg seed",
+                "Soil drenching in standing crop: Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 1.5 to 2 liters/acre with irrigation water",
+                "Or Fipronil 0.3% G @ 10 kg/acre in root zones"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Deep summer ploughing to expose hibernating pupae and beetles to scorching heat and predatory birds",
+            "Mass beetle collection around light traps on first night of monsoon"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Groundnut___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Groundnut Crop (स्वस्थ मूंगफली फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Arachis hypogaea (Optimal Podding & Canopy Health)",
+        "crop": "Groundnut / Peanut (मूंगफली)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Kharif and Rabi seasons; clean spreading or bunch-type bright-green tetrafoliate leaves, healthy pegging",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Lush emerald green tetrafoliate leaves free from tikka spots or rust pustules",
+            "Abundant yellow pea-shaped flowers with vigorous peg penetration into friable soil",
+            "Healthy underground pods with clean reticulated shells and active pink root nodules"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Apply gypsum @ 200 kg/acre at 40-45 days (flowering/pegging) to provide calcium for pod filling"],
+            "organic_control": ["No pesticide intervention required"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No chemical application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Avoid soil disturbance once pegs enter the soil"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    }
+}

backend/data_pulses.py

@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Pulses Module (दलहन फसलें: चना, अरहर, उड़द, मूंग, तिवड़ा)
+Comprehensive details of all diseases, pests, and physiological disorders
+across Chhattisgarh (Bemetara, Rajnandgaon, Kabirdham, Surguja) and All India.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+PULSES_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 1. CHICKPEA / GRAM (चना)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Chickpea___Pod_Borer": {
+        "name": "Chickpea Pod Borer / Gram Caterpillar (चना फली छेदक इल्ली)",
+        "scientific_name": "Helicoverpa armigera",
+        "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "January to March (flowering and pod formation); warm sunny days following winter rain",
+        "economic_injury_level": "1 larva per meter row or 1 damaged pod per plant",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Early instar caterpillars defoliate young leaflets and tender shoot tips",
+            "Later instars chew clean circular entry holes into developing green pods, inserting only their head inside while feeding ('Borer')",
+            "Empty hollow pods with seeds completely consumed, leading to 30-60% harvest loss",
+            "Caterpillar is greenish-brown with longitudinal lateral stripes and short bristles on body"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Install 'T'-shaped bird perches (T-खूंटी @ 20/acre) to attract insectivorous birds like Drongo and Myna",
+                "Set up 5 Pheromone Traps (Helilure) per acre for mass monitoring and male trapping"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray HaNPV (Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus) @ 250 LE/acre (1.5ml/L) in evening with 0.1% jaggery",
+                "Or spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L",
+                "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE @ 50g/L) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 2ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80-100g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre)",
+                "Or Spinosad 45% SC (Tracer) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)",
+                "Or Indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Intercrop with Coriander, Mustard, or Marigold (1 row of marigold/mustard after every 8-10 rows of gram) as trap crop",
+            "Early sowing in October to escape peak larval emergence in February-March"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Chickpea___Fusarium_Wilt": {
+        "name": "Chickpea Fusarium Wilt / Uktha Rog (चना का उकठा / विल्ट रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris",
+        "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "November (early seedling wilt) and January-February (flowering/pod stage); dry warm soil conditions (25-30°C)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Patches of wilting branches across field",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Sudden drooping of upper petioles and leaves, which turn dull greyish-green and dry up",
+            "When the main stem or taproot is split longitudinally, dark brown to black vascular discoloration of xylem vessels is clearly visible",
+            "Roots show internal blackening without external rotting; plants can be pulled out easily",
+            "Severe devastating disease in Bemetara, Rajnandgaon, Kabirdham and Durg chickpea tracts"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Rogue out and burn wilted plants immediately; soil drench around adjacent healthy plants",
+                "Avoid deep cultivation that damages roots and spreads fungal mycelium"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Bio-agent soil application: Mix Trichoderma viride / harzianum @ 2 kg with 100 kg decomposed FYM, incubate for 7 days under shade, apply to field before sowing",
+                "Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2 kg/acre"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Preventive seed treatment is MANDATORY (no effective cure once vascular wilt sets in): Treat seeds with Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/kg seed or Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% (Vitavax Power) @ 2.5g/kg seed",
+                "Patch drenching: Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank) or Copper Oxychloride @ 3g/L"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Deep summer ploughing to eradicate resting chlamydospores",
+            "3-year crop rotation with non-host crops (Sorghum, Wheat, Mustard)",
+            "Grow wilt-resistant cultivars: JG-11, JG-14, JG-16, JG-315, JAKI-9218, Vijay, Digvijay"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Chickpea___Dry_Root_Rot": {
+        "name": "Chickpea Dry Root Rot (चना का शुष्क जड़ सड़न रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Rhizoctonia bataticola (Macrophomina phaseolina)",
+        "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "February to March (post-flowering); high ambient temperature (above 30°C) and moisture stress",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Stiff straw-yellow dried plants with brittle roots",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Plants dry up completely, turning straw-yellow with leaves remaining attached to the branches",
+            "Taproot becomes brittle, black, shredded like dry wood with loss of secondary lateral feeder roots",
+            "Minute black pepper-like sclerotial bodies visible under the bark of the split root collar",
+            "Triggered primarily by high heat and severe soil drought stress during pod filling"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Provide light life-saving irrigation to alleviate soil moisture stress", "Remove dead plants"],
+            "organic_control": ["Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/acre with 100 kg compost"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Seed treatment: Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed",
+                "Root drenching: Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP @ 2g/L water around root zones"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Avoid moisture stress during pod filling; apply light irrigation", "Grow heat-tolerant varieties"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Chickpea___Ascochyta_Blight": {
+        "name": "Chickpea Ascochyta Blight (चना का एस्कोकाइटा झुलसा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Ascochyta rabiei",
+        "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Cool, cloudy, wet weather with frequent showers (Temp 15-20°C, RH > 80%)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Circular concentric brown lesions on pods and leaflets",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Circular or elongated brown spots with dark margins and concentric rings containing black pycnidia dots on leaves and stems",
+            "Deep sunken lesions on stems causing the branches to break and fall over ('Girdling')",
+            "Circular sunken lesions on pods with fungal pycnidia arranged in neat circles; seeds infected and shrivelled"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray immediately after rain or heavy fog; do not walk in wet crop canopy"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water", "Apply Copper Soap / Bordeaux mixture 1%"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Kavach) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Use certified disease-free seed; seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (1:1) @ 3g/kg seed",
+            "Grow blight-tolerant varieties: GNG-469, PBG-5, Himachal Chana-1"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Chickpea___Collar_Rot": {
+        "name": "Chickpea Collar Rot (चना का कॉलर रॉट रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Sclerotium rolfsii",
+        "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Seedling stage (October-November); high soil moisture and warm soil temperature",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Seedling collapse at soil line",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Water-soaked decaying lesion at collar region of seedling near ground level",
+            "White fan-like cottony fungal mycelial growth on stem base and surrounding moist soil",
+            "Mustard-seed-like round brown sclerotial bodies attached to mycelium at the soil line",
+            "Seedlings turn yellow, collapse, and rot rapidly"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Avoid excessive moisture around collar; expose soil line to air"],
+            "organic_control": ["Soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @ 2.5 kg/acre with vermicompost"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Seed treatment: Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed",
+                "Soil drenching: Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank) around infected patches"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Ensure clean seedbed free of decaying stubble", "Avoid sowing too deep in wet soil"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Chickpea___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Chickpea / Gram (स्वस्थ चना फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Cicer arietinum (Optimal Canopy & Podding)",
+        "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Rabi season; lush green pinnate foliage with acid exudate glands, vigorous pod setting",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Dense branching canopy with fresh green glandular leaflets and high malic acid secretion",
+            "Clean developing green pods with zero borer puncture holes",
+            "Healthy taproot system with active pink nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium nodules"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal soil moisture; protect from frost during flowering"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 2% Urea or 19:19:19 NPK + micronutrients at pod formation"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No chemical spray required. Conserve beneficial spiders and parasitoid wasps."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Regular scouting for early borer egg masses on tender leaves"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 2. PIGEONPEA / ARHAR / TUR (अरहर)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Pigeonpea___Fusarium_Wilt": {
+        "name": "Pigeonpea / Arhar Wilt (अरहर का उकठा / विल्ट रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Fusarium udum",
+        "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "September to November (flowering and podding stage); soil-borne pathogen favored by warm soils",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Patches of wilting branches across field",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Interveinal chlorosis and yellowing of upper leaves followed by gradual wilting and drying of branches",
+            "Characteristic purple-black bands or strips running up the stem from the ground line",
+            "Internal vascular xylem vessels turn dark brownish-black when stem is split open",
+            "Partial wilting is common where one side of the plant dies while the other side remains green"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Uproot and burn diseased plants along with their main root systems to prevent sclerotial buildup",
+                "Ensure proper drainage; waterlogging aggravates root asphyxiation and fungal invasion"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/acre incubated with 200 kg farmyard manure",
+                "Green manuring with Crotalaria juncea (Sunhemp) to suppress soil Fusarium populations"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Seed treatment: Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg",
+                "No post-infection chemical curative exists once systemic xylem vessels are blocked"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "3-year crop rotation with non-hosts like Sorghum, Maize, or Tobacco",
+            "Grow wilt-resistant cultivars: Asha (ICPL-87119), Maruti (ICP-8863), BSMR-736, BDN-711, Rajiv Lochan (CG recommended)"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Pigeonpea___Sterility_Mosaic": {
+        "name": "Pigeonpea Sterility Mosaic Disease / SMD (अरहर का बांझपन मोजेक रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Pigeonpea Sterility Mosaic Emaravirus (PPSMV) vectored by Aceria cajani mite",
+        "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
+        "category": "Viral",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October; warm humid weather, dense shade favoring eriophyid mite vector",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of bushy pale green plants with zero flowers",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Severe stunting and proliferation of auxiliary branches giving the plant a bushy, broom-like appearance ('Green Island')",
+            "Leaves turn pale yellowish-green with mosaic mottling and become smaller in size",
+            "Complete cessation of flowering and pod setting; plants remain 100% sterile (Green barren bush)",
+            "Transmitted by microscopic eriophyid mites (Aceria cajani) carried by wind currents"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Rogue out and destroy infected sterile plants in early vegetative stage to prevent mite vector spread",
+                "Spray acaricide immediately to eradicate the mite vector"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L (50g per 16L tank) to control mite vectors",
+                "Apply Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Acaricide vector control spray: Fenazaquin 10% EC (Magister) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC (Oberon) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Propargite 57% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Grow SMD-resistant varieties: Asha (ICPL-87119), BSMR-736, BSMR-853, BDN-2",
+            "Eradicate perennial or volunteer pigeonpea plants around field borders that harbor mites"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Pigeonpea___Pod_Borer": {
+        "name": "Pigeonpea Pod Borer Complex (अरहर का फली छेदक कीट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Helicoverpa armigera & Maruca vitrata",
+        "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "October to December (budding, flowering and pod development); sunny warm days",
+        "economic_injury_level": "1-2 larvae per plant or 5% pod damage",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Caterpillars web together flower buds, flowers, and leaves with silk and feed inside (Maruca)",
+            "Large circular bore holes in developing pods with caterpillars chewing developing seeds (Helicoverpa)",
+            "Heavy shedding of flowers and flower buds leading to barren terminal twigs",
+            "Massive yield drop of 40-70% if unmanaged at 50% flowering stage"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Shake plants vigorously in early morning onto polythene sheets placed between rows to collect and destroy dislodged larvae",
+                "Set up 5 Pheromone Traps per acre at canopy height"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray HaNPV @ 250 LE/acre (1.5ml/L) with 0.1% jaggery in late afternoon",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L at flower bud initiation",
+                "Apply Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre)",
+                "Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)",
+                "Or Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "First spray must coincide with 50% flowering stage before larvae enter inside the green pods",
+            "Install bird perches @ 20 per acre for natural predation"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Pigeonpea___Pod_Fly": {
+        "name": "Pigeonpea Pod Fly (अरहर की फली मक्खी)",
+        "scientific_name": "Melanagromyza obtusa",
+        "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "November to January (pod maturation stage); hidden damage without external entry holes",
+        "economic_injury_level": "10% pod infestation or presence of adult shiny black flies around flowers",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Adult female fly punctures green pod wall and deposits eggs directly onto developing seeds",
+            "Maggot feeds inside the seed coat creating circular white galleries; seed becomes rotten, unfit for consumption or sowing",
+            "External pod looks completely normal with NO visible entry hole until adult fly cuts a 'window' hole to exit",
+            "Major hidden cause of 30-50% pulse yield drop in Central India"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Spray systemic insecticide at green pod stage when adult flies are actively ovipositing",
+                "Collect and burn infested pod residues after threshing"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L water during pod formation",
+                "Install yellow sticky traps @ 8-10 per acre to monitor adult flies"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank; 350ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Monocrotophos (use restricted) / Quinalphos 25% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)",
+                "Or Spinetoram 11.7% SC @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Grow pod fly resistant or early maturing varieties",
+            "Avoid staggered sowing in adjacent plots"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Pigeonpea___Phytophthora_Blight": {
+        "name": "Pigeonpea Phytophthora Stem Blight (अरहर का फाइटोफ्थोरा झुलसा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani",
+        "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to August (seedling and vegetative stage); continuous heavy rain, stagnant water, Temp 28-32°C",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Stem girdling and rapid wilting in waterlogged areas",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Water-soaked circular to irregular lesions on leaves that rapidly dry into dull grey patches",
+            "Dark brown to black necrotic girdling lesions on the main stem and branches, usually near ground level",
+            "The stem swells slightly at the lesion site and breaks easily in wind; foliage above lesion withers and dies rapidly",
+            "Sudden epidemic death of plants in low-lying, poorly drained waterlogged patches"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Provide immediate furrow drainage to remove standing water from root zones",
+                "Spray systemic fungicide immediately upon cessation of heavy rainfall"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/acre with compost",
+                "Apply Copper Hydroxide bio-shield @ 2g/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Foliar spray: Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Plant pigeonpea on raised ridges (Ridge and Furrow planting system) to prevent waterlogging at stem base",
+            "Seed treatment with Metalaxyl 35% WS @ 2g/kg seed",
+            "Avoid planting in low-lying flood-prone clayey soils"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Pigeonpea___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Pigeonpea / Arhar (स्वस्थ अरहर फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Cajanus cajan (Optimal Reproductive Health)",
+        "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Kharif to Rabi; tall upright shrubby growth, prolific yellow flowering, healthy green pods",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Robust upright trifoliate foliage with healthy dark green canopy",
+            "Profuse flowering clusters with healthy flower buds free from webbing or webbing frass",
+            "Smooth, healthy green pods filling uniformly with seeds"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain weed-free conditions during first 60 days; provide protective irrigation at pod filling"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 2% DAP or Pulse Wonder @ 2 kg/acre at flower initiation to prevent bud drop"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed. Conserve honeybees for essential pollination."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Scout flower clusters weekly for early webbing caterpillar signs"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 3. BLACKGRAM / GREENGRAM (उड़द एवं मूंग)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Urad_Moong___Yellow_Mosaic_Virus": {
+        "name": "Urad / Moong Yellow Mosaic Virus / MYMV (उड़द/मूंग का पीला मोजेक रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) vectored by Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)",
+        "crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)",
+        "category": "Viral",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "July to September (Kharif) & March to May (Zaid); hot humid weather favoring whitefly explosion",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of yellow mosaic patches on young trifoliate leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Bright yellow patches alternating with green areas on leaves (classic golden-yellow mosaic pattern)",
+            "Yellow patches coalesce until the entire leaf turns brilliant golden-yellow",
+            "Leaves become small, puckered, leathery, and brittle; plants stunted with fewer flowers",
+            "Pods become small, curled upwards, and produce small shrivelled discoloured seeds"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Rogue out and bury infected yellow plants during first 2-3 weeks to eliminate viral reservoir",
+                "Spray systemic insecticide immediately to control the whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci)"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15-20 per acre at canopy level to trap flying whiteflies",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Vector control spray: Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)",
+                "Or Diafenthiuron 50% WP (Pegasus) @ 1.25g/L water (20g per 16L tank; 250g/acre)",
+                "Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Thiamethoxam 30% FS (Cruiser) @ 4ml/kg seed or Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5ml/kg",
+            "Grow MYMV-resistant varieties: Pant U-31, KU-96-3, Pratap Urad-1, Pusa Vishal, IPM 205-7 (Virat)"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Urad_Moong___Powdery_Mildew": {
+        "name": "Urad / Moong Powdery Mildew (उड़द/मूंग का सफेद चूर्णी रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Erysiphe polygoni",
+        "crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "October to November (late Kharif) and February (Rabi); dry cool weather with morning dew",
+        "economic_injury_level": "White powdery patches covering > 15% of foliage",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small white circular powdery spots on upper leaf surfaces, rapidly spreading over stems and green pods",
+            "Entire leaf canopy covered in white flour-like fungal growth, turning dull greyish-brown later",
+            "Leaves turn chlorotic, dry up, curl, and shed prematurely, leaving bare stems with stunted pods"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray at first appearance of white dust patches on lower leaves"],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG (Sulfex) @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre)",
+                "Apply raw milk + water solution (1:9 ratio) or baking soda solution @ 5g/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Early planting of summer moong/urad", "Plant resistant cultivars"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Urad_Moong___Cercospora_Leaf_Spot": {
+        "name": "Urad / Moong Cercospora Leaf Spot (उड़द/मूंग का सर्कोस्पोरा पत्ती धब्बा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Cercospora canescens & Cercospora cruenta",
+        "crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Warm humid weather (Temp 25-30°C, RH > 85%) during flowering/podding",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Reddish-brown circular spots on foliage",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Circular to irregular spots with greyish-white center and defined reddish-brown border on leaves",
+            "Spots coalesce forming large necrotic patches that crack and drop out, creating 'shot-hole' appearance",
+            "Severe defoliation leading to premature leaf shedding and small shrivelled pods"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray upon initial leaf spotting before flowering"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water", "Spray 5% NSKE @ 50ml/L"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (1:1) @ 3g/kg seed", "Destruction of crop residues"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Urad_Moong___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Urad & Moong (स्वस्थ उड़द एवं मूंग फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Vigna mungo & Vigna radiata (Optimal Pulse Health)",
+        "crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; clean dark-green trifoliate leaves, healthy root nodules, uniform green pod bunches",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Clean glossy green trifoliate foliage with zero yellow mosaic mottling or whitefly colonies",
+            "Prolific yellow flower clusters with clean developing pod bunches free from borer frass",
+            "Active nitrogen fixation with profuse pink Rhizobium nodules on roots"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain weed-free plot during initial 30 days"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 2% DAP or Pulse Wonder @ 2 kg/acre at flowering"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application required."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Scout weekly for whitefly under leaf surfaces"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 4. LATHYRUS / TIWDA (तिवड़ा / केसरी दाल - Chhattisgarh Relay Crop)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Lathyrus___Powdery_Mildew": {
+        "name": "Lathyrus / Tiwda Powdery Mildew (तिवड़ा का सफेद चूर्णी रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Erysiphe pisi",
+        "crop": "Lathyrus / Tiwda (तिवड़ा/केसरी)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "January to February; dry winter days, foggy mornings, common in relay/paira crop in CG paddy fallows",
+        "economic_injury_level": "White powdery coating over > 20% of lower foliage",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "White talcum-powder-like patches on leaves, stipules, and green pods of the tiwda vine",
+            "Patches coalesce covering entire plants in a white floury dust; leaves turn dull grey, yellow and dry up",
+            "Pods remain underdeveloped, small and poorly filled; significant reduction in forage and grain yield"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray lower foliage thoroughly where white powder starts"],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Dust sulfur powder @ 10 kg/acre in early morning while dew is present",
+                "Or spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
+                "Or Dinocap 48% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Grow low-ODAP and powdery mildew tolerant varieties: Prateek, Ratan, Mahatiwda (CG released)"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Lathyrus___Downy_Mildew": {
+        "name": "Lathyrus / Tiwda Downy Mildew (तिवड़ा का मृदुरोमिल आसिता)",
+        "scientific_name": "Peronospora lathyri",
+        "crop": "Lathyrus / Tiwda (तिवड़ा/केसरी)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Cool, humid, foggy weather in December-January",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Purplish-grey downy growth under leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Yellowish chlorotic patches on upper leaf surface corresponding to purplish-grey downy fungal growth on lower surface",
+            "Leaves curl, turn brown, and wither prematurely",
+            "Stunted vine growth and premature pod drop"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray immediately upon first appearance of downy growth"],
+            "organic_control": ["Spray Bordeaux mixture 1% or Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Avoid dense broadcasting in waterlogged paddy stubbles"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Lathyrus___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Lathyrus / Tiwda (स्वस्थ तिवड़ा फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Lathyrus sativus (Optimal Relay Crop Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Lathyrus / Tiwda (तिवड़ा/केसरी)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Rabi relay season in paddy fallows; lush spreading green tendril foliage, blue-purple flowers",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Healthy spreading tendril-bearing foliage with vibrant green winged stems",
+            "Prolific blue, violet, and purple flowers with clean flat green pods",
+            "Strong root nodules fixing atmospheric nitrogen in residual paddy moisture"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Protect from grazing; no pesticide application needed"],
+            "organic_control": ["No intervention required"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No chemical application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Use low-neurotoxin (ODAP) certified seeds (Prateek, Ratan)"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    }
+}

backend/data_vegetables.py

@@ -0,0 +1,654 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Vegetables Module (सब्जी फसलें: टमाटर, आलू, मिर्च, बैंगन, प्याज, भिंडी, गोभी, लौकी)
+Comprehensive coverage of all diseases, pests, insects, viruses, and physiological disorders
+across Chhattisgarh (Surguja Mainpat tomato hub, Raipur, Durg, Bilaspur) and All India.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+VEGETABLES_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 1. TOMATO (टमाटर)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Tomato___Early_blight": {
+        "name": "Tomato Early Blight",
+        "hindi_name": "टमाटर का अगेती झुलसा रोग",
+        "scientific_name": "Alternaria solani",
+        "crop": "Tomato",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to October and February to March; warm humid weather (Temp 24-29°C), intermittent rain and heavy dews",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Concentric target spots on lower leaves spreading upward",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small dark brown to black circular spots that enlarge up to 1 cm with prominent concentric rings ('Target Board' pattern)",
+            "Yellow chlorotic halo surrounds each lesion; spots coalesce causing extensive leaf yellowing, browning, and defoliation from bottom up",
+            "Sunken, leathery, dark brown to black lesions at the stem end of green and ripe fruits",
+            "Extremely common in Surguja (Mainpat, Sitapur tomato hubs) and Raipur/Durg green belts"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Prune and destroy lower diseased leaves touching the soil surface; sanitize pruning shears",
+                "Mulch around plant base to prevent soil-splashing of fungal spores during watering"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5g/L",
+                "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Copper Hydroxide 77% WP @ 2g/L (30g per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC (Amistar Top) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)",
+                "Or Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Kavach) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Thiram 75% WP @ 3g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg",
+            "Stake plants with bamboo sticks and wire trellis to keep foliage elevated off wet ground",
+            "Grow tolerant varieties: Pusa Rohini, Arka Rakshak, Abhinav"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Tomato___Late_blight": {
+        "name": "Tomato Late Blight (टमाटर का पछेती झुलसा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Phytophthora infestans",
+        "crop": "Tomato",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "December to February (winter cold spells); cool temperatures (12-20°C), RH > 90%, persistent morning fog and rain showers",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Water-soaked dark lesions spreading rapidly across canopy",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Irregular, large, water-soaked, dark olive-green to black greasy patches appearing suddenly on leaves and stems",
+            "White delicate downy fungal mold visible on the underside of infected leaves early in the morning",
+            "Stems develop dark brown to purplish-black necrotic cankers, collapsing completely in 2-3 days",
+            "Large, greasy, firm, dark brown or bronze water-soaked rot covering fruits, destroying entire crops overnight",
+            "Catastrophic winter pathogen wiping out tomato fields across Surguja and Jashpur"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Spray immediately upon first notification of cold foggy weather or appearance of water-soaked spots",
+                "Remove and deep-bury heavily rotting plants and fruits away from the field"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Bordeaux mixture 1% (100g Copper Sulphate + 100g Lime in 10L water) as early preventive shield",
+                "Apply Copper Hydroxide 77% WP (Kocide) @ 2g/L (30g per 16L tank)",
+                "Foliar spray of sour buttermilk (खट्टी छाछ) @ 50ml/L water"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Curative systemic spray: Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Curzate) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)",
+                "Or Dimethomorph 50% WP (Acrobat) @ 1g/L + Mancozeb @ 2g/L water (16g Acrobat + 35g Mancozeb per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Famoxadone 16.6% + Cymoxanil 22.1% SC (Equation Pro) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Mandipropamid 23.4% SC (Revus) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Spray preventive contact fungicide (Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L) before the onset of winter fog",
+            "Drip irrigation instead of overhead flooding; wide row spacing for canopy aeration",
+            "Plant late-blight resistant varieties: Arka Abhed, Kashi Vishesh"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Tomato___Bacterial_spot": {
+        "name": "Tomato Bacterial Spot & Canker (टमाटर का जीवाणु धब्बा एवं कैंकर)",
+        "scientific_name": "Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria",
+        "crop": "Tomato",
+        "category": "Bacterial",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Warm, wet, windy weather (Temp 24-30°C, RH > 85%)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Numerous small dark greasy leaf specks and scabbed fruits",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Small (2-3 mm) dark brown to black greasy water-soaked circular spots with yellowish margins on leaves",
+            "Centers of leaf spots dry out and tear, creating a ragged or shot-hole appearance",
+            "Distinctive raised, blister-like dark brown scabby warts on green fruits, surrounded by a white halo",
+            "Leaves turn yellow and drop prematurely; fruits unmarketable due to rough corky spots"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Avoid overhead irrigation; never handle plants while foliage is wet from rain or dew",
+                "Remove and destroy severely spotted plants"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray fresh cow dung supernatant (filtered) or Bacillus subtilis @ 3g/L",
+                "Apply Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 50% WP 500g in 200L water per acre (0.5g Streptocycline + 40g COC per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L water",
+                "Or Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Hot water seed treatment at 50°C for 25 minutes or soak in Streptocycline solution (1g in 10L for 30 minutes)",
+            "3-year crop rotation with non-solanaceous crops (avoid potato, brinjal, chilli)"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Tomato___Tomato_Yellow_Leaf_Curl_Virus": {
+        "name": "Tomato Leaf Curl Virus / ToLCV (टमाटर का पत्ती मरोड़ रोग / माथा बंधना)",
+        "scientific_name": "Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Geminivirus (TYLCV) vectored by Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)",
+        "crop": "Tomato",
+        "category": "Viral",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Throughout the year; peak during hot dry spells (March-May and August-October) favoring whiteflies",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of stunted plants with upward cupped chlorotic leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Severe upward and inward curling of leaf margins ('Cupping') and puckering of leaf blades",
+            "Leaves become abnormally small, thick, leathery, and chlorotic with pale yellow margins",
+            "Severe shortening of internodes giving the plant a stunted, bushy, bunched broom appearance ('माथा बंधना')",
+            "Complete flower drop; plants infected early produce zero marketable fruits, leading to 80-100% loss"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Rogue out and destroy infected viral plants immediately during the first 45 days after transplanting",
+                "Spray systemic insecticide immediately to eradicate whitefly vectors in surrounding fields"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 20-25 per acre to capture adult whiteflies continuously",
+                "Spray 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Vector control spray: Diafenthiuron 50% WP (Pegasus) @ 1.25g/L water (20g per 16L tank; 250g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD (Benevia) @ 1.8ml/L water (30ml per 16L tank; 360ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)",
+                "Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC (Oberon) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Grow nursery under 40-mesh nylon insect-proof net to prevent whitefly landing on seedlings",
+            "Seedling root dip in Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (0.5ml/L) for 20 minutes before transplanting",
+            "Plant ToLCV-resistant hybrids: Arka Rakshak, Arka Samrat, Kashi Aman, US-440, To-1057"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Tomato___Fruit_Borer": {
+        "name": "Tomato Fruit Borer / Helicoverpa (टमाटर का फल छेदक कीट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Helicoverpa armigera",
+        "crop": "Tomato",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "October to April (flowering to fruiting stage); sunny warm days",
+        "economic_injury_level": "1 larva or 1 bored green fruit per plant",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Caterpillars feed on tender foliage before chewing circular entry holes into developing green and ripe fruits",
+            "Larva feeds inside the fruit with its posterior body remaining outside the hole; bored fruits rot and drop prematurely",
+            "Secondary bacterial soft rot enters through feeding holes, turning fruits into a watery foul-smelling mess",
+            "Severe market rejection and 30-50% harvest loss"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Pick and destroy bored fruits and caterpillars by hand; install 5 Pheromone Traps (Helilure) per acre",
+                "Plant African Marigold (गेंदु) as a trap crop (1 row of marigold for every 16 rows of tomato)"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray HaNPV @ 250 LE/acre (1.5ml/L) in late afternoon with 0.1% jaggery",
+                "Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 2g/L (35g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L",
+                "Apply 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L at flower initiation"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre)",
+                "Or Spinosad 45% SC (Tracer) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Deep summer ploughing to expose pupae in soil",
+            "Plant marigold trap crops to attract female moths away from tomatoes"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Tomato___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Tomato Crop (स्वस्थ टमाटर फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Solanum lycopersicum (Optimal Canopy & Fruit Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Tomato",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; deep green compound foliage, sturdy staked stems, prolific flowering clusters and glossy firm fruits",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Vibrant dark-green compound foliage free from blight spots, leaf curling, or whitefly colonies",
+            "Sturdy erect stems with abundant yellow flower clusters and healthy calyx development",
+            "Firm, glossy green and ripening red fruits with smooth skin and zero borer holes"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain consistent drip irrigation to prevent calcium deficiency (Blossom End Rot) and fruit cracking"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of Panchagavya @ 30ml/L or 19:19:19 NPK + Boron @ 1g/L at flowering"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Keep vines staked and maintain regular pruning of sucker shoots"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 2. POTATO (आलू)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Potato___Late_blight": {
+        "name": "Potato Late Blight (आलू का पछेती झुलसा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Phytophthora infestans",
+        "crop": "Potato (आलू)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "December to January (winter cold spells); Temp 10-18°C, RH > 90%, cloudy overcast days and dense morning fog",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Water-soaked lesions on foliage with white downy margin",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Water-soaked irregular blackish-brown lesions starting from leaf tips and margins, rapidly spreading across the blade",
+            "White delicate downy fungal mold visible on the underside of infected leaves early morning",
+            "Entire foliage turns brown, rots, and collapses within 3-4 days, emitting a characteristic foul decaying smell",
+            "Underground tubers show irregular brown to purplish sunken patches on skin; internal flesh turns reddish-brown granular rot",
+            "The historic Great Irish Potato Famine (1845) pathogen; major annual winter disaster in Surguja, Mainpat and UP/Bengal"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Spray systemic fungicide immediately upon forecast of cloudy foggy weather (before visible lesions spread)",
+                "Earthing-up of potato ridges to a height of 15 cm to prevent fungal sporangia from washing down into tubers"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Prophylactic spray of Bordeaux mixture 1% (1 kg Copper Sulphate + 1 kg Lime in 100L water) before fog",
+                "Apply Copper Hydroxide 77% WP @ 2g/L (30g per 16L tank) or Copper Oxychloride @ 2.5g/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Curative systemic spray: Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Curzate) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)",
+                "Or Dimethomorph 50% WP (Acrobat) @ 1g/L + Mancozeb @ 2g/L water (16g Acrobat + 35g Mancozeb per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Mandipropamid 23.4% SC (Revus) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Fenamidone 10% + Mancozeb 50% WG (Sectin) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Use certified disease-free seed tubers from cold storage; reject any seed tuber showing brown flesh rot",
+            "Pre-sowing tuber treatment with Mancozeb @ 2.5g/L for 10 minutes",
+            "Dehaulming: Cut potato foliage (haulms) 10-12 days before harvest to prevent tuber contamination during digging",
+            "Plant resistant varieties: Kufri Girdhari, Kufri Khyati, Kufri Pukhraj"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Potato___Early_blight": {
+        "name": "Potato Early Blight (आलू का अगेती झुलसा)",
+        "scientific_name": "Alternaria solani",
+        "crop": "Potato (आलू)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "November to December; warm sunny days alternating with humid nights (Temp 24-28°C)",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Concentric target spots on lower foliage",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Dark brown to black angular or circular spots on lower leaves with distinct concentric rings ('Target Board')",
+            "Yellowing around lesions; spots coalesce causing leaves to dry up, curl, and hang down on stems ('Foliage Blight')",
+            "Brown, sunken, corky circular lesions on tubers, reducing storage life"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Spray upon initial spot emergence on lower canopy; maintain balanced irrigation"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water", "Apply 5% NSKE @ 50ml/L"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Kavach) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)",
+                "Or Propineb 70% WP (Antracol) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Tuber seed treatment with Mancozeb @ 2.5g/kg", "Avoid moisture stress and plant certified seeds"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Potato___Black_Scurf": {
+        "name": "Potato Black Scurf / Stem Canker (आलू का काली पपड़ी रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Rhizoctonia solani",
+        "crop": "Potato (आलू)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Moderate",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Cool, moist soil conditions; seed and soil-borne",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Black encrustations on harvested tubers",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Brownish-black, hard, irregular crust-like sclerotial bodies adhering tightly to the surface of potato tubers ('Dirt that will not wash off')",
+            "Sunken brown necrotic cankers on underground sprouts and stolons, causing sprout mortality ('Girdling')",
+            "Aerial tubers develop in leaf axils due to blocked downward translocation of food",
+            "Severe reduction in tuber market value and seed certification rejection"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Never plant seed tubers having black scurf crusts without chemical treatment"],
+            "organic_control": ["Tuber dip in Trichoderma viride @ 10g/L water for 20 minutes before planting"],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Tuber seed treatment: Dip unsprouted seed tubers in Monceren (Pencycuron 250 SC) @ 2.5ml/L water for 10 minutes",
+                "Or treat tubers with Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2g/L water",
+                "Or Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/L water"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Deep summer ploughing and soil solarization",
+            "Green manuring with Sesbania (Dhaincha) prior to potato planting"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Potato___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Potato Crop (स्वस्थ आलू फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Solanum tuberosum (Optimal Canopy & Tuberization)",
+        "crop": "Potato (आलू)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "Rabi season; dense bushy dark-green canopy, sturdy ridged stems, vigorous underground tuber setting",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Dense lush green compound foliage free from water-soaked blight lesions or viral mottling",
+            "Sturdy upright ridged stems with healthy stolons producing abundant clean smooth-skinned tubers",
+            "Underground tubers free from black scurf, scab, or rotting"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal ridge soil moisture; keep tubers well covered with soil to avoid greening"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply vermicompost and microbial bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB)"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Perform timely earthing-up and stop irrigation 10 days before dehaulming"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 3. CHILLI / CAPSICUM (मिर्च)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Chilli___Leaf_Curl_Virus": {
+        "name": "Chilli Leaf Curl / Murda Rog / Churra-Murra (मिर्च का मुर्राह / चुर्रा-मुर्रा / कुकड़ा रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Chilli Leaf Curl Virus (ChiLCV) & Thrips/Mites Vector Complex",
+        "crop": "Chilli / Capsicum (मिर्च)",
+        "category": "Viral",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "August to December; dry hot spells favoring thrips and yellow mites multiplication",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Upward or downward leaf curling with bushy stunting",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Upward boat-shaped curling of leaves with roughened brittle texture (caused by Thrips - Scirtothrips dorsalis)",
+            "Downward inverted cup-shaped curling with elongated petiole and bronze/purplish leaf underside (caused by Yellow Mite - Polyphagotarsonemus latus)",
+            "Severe shortening of internodes and dwarfing; leaves become tiny, clustered into a dense rosette bush ('माथा बंधना / कुकड़ा')",
+            "Flower buds drop off; infected plants produce zero marketable fruits, inflicting up to 80% loss in Raipur and Guntur belts"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Differentiate curling cause: Upward cup = Thrips; Downward cup = Yellow Mite; Mosaic chlorosis = Gemini Virus",
+                "Rogue out and burn stunted virus-infected plants immediately during early stages"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Blue Sticky Traps @ 15/acre (for Thrips) and Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15/acre (for Whitefly)",
+                "Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L (50g per 16L tank) - highly effective against yellow mites",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "For Thrips (Upward curl): Fipronil 5% SC (Regent) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water) OR Spinetoram 11.7% SC (Delegate) @ 0.8ml/L (13ml per 16L tank) OR Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD (Benevia) @ 1.8ml/L",
+                "For Yellow Mites (Downward curl): Spiromesifen 22.9% SC (Oberon) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre) OR Diafenthiuron 50% WP (Pegasus) @ 1.25g/L water (20g per 16L tank)",
+                "For Whitefly (Virus vector): Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank) OR Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.3g/L"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Nursery raising under 40-mesh insect-proof nylon net",
+            "Seedling root dip in Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (0.5ml/L) for 20 minutes before transplanting",
+            "Grow leaf-curl tolerant hybrids: US-341, Sitara, Armoor, Kashi Anmol"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Chilli___Anthracnose_Fruit_Rot": {
+        "name": "Chilli Anthracnose / Dieback / Fruit Rot (मिर्च का फल सड़न / डाईबैक रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Colletotrichum capsici & Colletotrichum gloeosporioides",
+        "crop": "Chilli / Capsicum (मिर्च)",
+        "category": "Fungal",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "September to November (flowering and fruit ripening); warm humid weather, continuous rain showers, Temp 26-30°C",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Sunken circular spots on ripening red fruits and dying shoot tips",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Dieback Phase: Tender shoot tips and branches dry up from the top downwards ('Die Back'), turning bleached white with black dots",
+            "Fruit Rot Phase: Circular sunken dark spots on ripening green and red chillies with concentric rings of black acervuli dots",
+            "Infected fruits become dry, straw-coloured, shrivelled, and drop prematurely; diseased chillies lose pungency and market value"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Collect and burn infected rotting fruits and withered twigs to eliminate sporulation source",
+                "Spray systemic fungicide immediately at flowering and fruit formation stages"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5g/L",
+                "Apply Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC (Amistar Top) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG (Nativo) @ 0.5g/L water (8g per 16L tank; 100g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Pyraclostrobin 20% WG @ 1g/L water (16g per 16L tank; 200g/acre)",
+                "Or Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Thiram 75% WP @ 3g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg",
+            "Avoid sprinkler irrigation that splashes fungal spores onto fruit bunches",
+            "Plant resistant varieties: Arka Suphal, Pant C-1, Pusa Sadabahar"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Chilli___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Chilli Crop (स्वस्थ मिर्च फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Capsicum annuum (Optimal Foliage & Pungency Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Chilli / Capsicum (मिर्च)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; deep glossy green smooth leaves, erect branching, prolific white flowering and firm green chillies",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Uniform glossy emerald-green leaves free from upward/downward curling or yellow mottling",
+            "Prolific white star-shaped flowers with healthy pollination and fruit setting",
+            "Abundant firm, glossy green and ripening red chillies free from anthracnose spots or fruit borer holes"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture; avoid waterlogging around collar zone"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 19:19:19 NPK + micronutrients at flowering to boost fruit size"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application required."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Scout leaf undersides weekly for early thrips and yellow mite nymphs"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 4. BRINJAL / EGGPLANT (बैंगन)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Brinjal___Shoot_and_Fruit_Borer": {
+        "name": "Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer (बैंगन का तना एवं फल छेदक कीट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Leucinodes orbonalis",
+        "crop": "Brinjal / Eggplant (बैंगन)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Throughout the year; severe in warm humid summer and rainy seasons",
+        "economic_injury_level": "5% shoot or fruit infestation",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Young caterpillars bore into growing shoot tips, causing tender vegetative shoots to wilt, droop down, and dry ('Drooping Shoots')",
+            "Later larvae bore into developing flower buds and green/purple fruits through small entry holes plugged with dark frass",
+            "Inside the fruit, the pinkish-white caterpillar tunnels through the pulp, feeding on seeds and rendering fruits unfit for sale",
+            "The #1 devastating pest of brinjal across India, causing 50-80% direct crop loss"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Manually clip and destroy drooping shoots along with larvae inside at weekly intervals",
+                "Pick and deep-bury all bored fruits containing frass; install 10-12 Pheromone Traps (Lucilure) per acre"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Release egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000/acre at weekly intervals",
+                "Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 2g/L (35g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L",
+                "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Rotate chemical modes of action to prevent resistance: Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.4ml/L water (6ml per 16L tank; 80ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre)",
+                "Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)",
+                "Or Spinosad 45% SC (Tracer) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)",
+                "Maintain 3-day pre-harvest interval (PHI) before picking brinjals!"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Avoid continuous brinjal cropping on same land; destroy old stubbles after final picking",
+            "Plant tolerant varieties: Punjab Barsati, Pusa Purple Round, Arka Anand"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Brinjal___Little_Leaf": {
+        "name": "Little Leaf of Brinjal (बैंगन का छोटी पत्ती रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Phytoplasma vectored by Leafhopper (Hishimonus phycitis)",
+        "crop": "Brinjal / Eggplant (बैंगन)",
+        "category": "Bacterial",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Throughout the year; warm weather favoring leafhopper vector",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of bushy plants with tiny leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Leaves become extremely tiny, thin, pale green, soft and glabrous; petioles shortened drastically",
+            "Excessive stimulation of axillary buds produces numerous crowded slender branches, giving the plant a bushy 'Witches Broom' appearance",
+            "Flower parts are phylloid (transformed into green leaf-like sterile structures); plants remain 100% sterile with zero fruit setting"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Rogue out and destroy infected bushy plants immediately upon first symptom emergence",
+                "Spray insecticide immediately to control the leafhopper vector"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15 per acre to trap leafhopper vectors",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil @ 4ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Vector control spray: Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank; 350ml/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)",
+                "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seedling root dip in Tetracycline hydrochloride solution (500 ppm - 0.5g/L) for 30 minutes before transplanting",
+            "Eradicate weed hosts (Datura, Solanum nigrum) around field borders"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Brinjal___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Brinjal Crop (स्वस्थ बैंगन फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Solanum melongena (Optimal Canopy & Fruit Health)",
+        "crop": "Brinjal / Eggplant (बैंगन)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; broad lobed dark-green foliage, sturdy branching, violet flowers and glossy firm fruits",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Broad healthy dark-green lobed leaves with vibrant purple veins and zero little-leaf clustering",
+            "Vigorous branching with healthy violet flowers and green spiny calyx",
+            "Glossy, firm, unblemished purple, green or variegated brinjals free from borer bore holes or frass"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal furrow moisture and weed-free condition"],
+            "organic_control": ["Apply vermicompost and foliar Jeevamrut @ 10% every 15 days"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Scout terminal shoots weekly for early shoot borer wilting"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 5. OKRA / BHINDI (भिंडी)
+    # =========================================================================
+    "Okra___Yellow_Vein_Mosaic": {
+        "name": "Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus / YVMV (भिंडी का पीली शिरा मोजेक रोग)",
+        "scientific_name": "Bhendi Yellow Vein Mosaic Begomovirus (BYVMV) vectored by Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)",
+        "crop": "Okra / Bhindi (भिंडी)",
+        "category": "Viral",
+        "severity": "Critical",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Summer and rainy season (March to September); hot humid weather favoring whitefly explosion",
+        "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of yellow network veins on young leaves",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Complete yellow network of veins and veinlets contrasting against green interveinal leaf tissue ('Clear vein pattern')",
+            "In severe stages, the entire leaf blade turns creamy yellow to white with thickened, raised veins",
+            "Plants stunted with few small, fibrous, yellowish-white distorted pods that are tough and unmarketable",
+            "Direct yield loss of 80-90% if crop is infected within first 30 days after germination"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Uproot and destroy infected yellow plants immediately during first 30 days",
+                "Spray systemic insecticide immediately to control the whitefly vector"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15-20 per acre to mass trap adult whiteflies",
+                "Spray 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Vector control spray: Diafenthiuron 50% WP (Pegasus) @ 1.25g/L water (20g per 16L tank; 250g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)",
+                "Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5ml/kg seed or Thiamethoxam 30% FS @ 4ml/kg",
+            "Grow YVMV-resistant hybrids: Parbhani Kranti, Arka Anamika, Kashi Kranti, Varsha Uphar, Mahyco-10"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": True
+    },
+    "Okra___Shoot_and_Fruit_Borer": {
+        "name": "Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer / Spotted Bollworm (भिंडी का तना एवं फल छेदक कीट)",
+        "scientific_name": "Earias vittella & Earias insulana",
+        "crop": "Okra / Bhindi (भिंडी)",
+        "category": "Insect_Pest",
+        "severity": "Severe",
+        "is_healthy": False,
+        "season_and_weather": "Summer and Kharif season; warm humid weather",
+        "economic_injury_level": "5% fruit damage or presence of drooping shoot tips",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Larvae bore into terminal shoots of young plants, causing shoot tips to wilt, droop, and dry up",
+            "Later caterpillars bore into green okra pods, plugging entry holes with dark excreta frass",
+            "Infected pods become curled, twisted, deformed, and unfit for consumption or market sale",
+            "Larva is stout, brownish-green with white and orange spots on body ('Spotted Bollworm')"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": [
+                "Clip and destroy wilted shoot tips and deformed bored fruits at regular intervals",
+                "Install 5 Pheromone Traps (Earias lure) per acre"
+            ],
+            "organic_control": [
+                "Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 2g/L (35g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L",
+                "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil @ 4ml/L"
+            ],
+            "chemical_control": [
+                "Spray Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre in 200L water)",
+                "Or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)",
+                "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre)",
+                "Or Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank)"
+            ]
+        },
+        "prevention": [
+            "Deep summer ploughing to expose pupae in soil",
+            "Avoid planting cotton and okra in adjacent plots as they share the same borer pests"
+        ],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    },
+    "Okra___healthy": {
+        "name": "Healthy Okra / Bhindi (स्वस्थ भिंडी फसल)",
+        "scientific_name": "Abelmoschus esculentus (Optimal Fruit & Canopy Vigor)",
+        "crop": "Okra / Bhindi (भिंडी)",
+        "category": "Healthy",
+        "severity": "Healthy",
+        "is_healthy": True,
+        "season_and_weather": "All seasons; broad deep-green lobed palmate leaves, yellow hibiscus-like flowers, tender straight green pods",
+        "economic_injury_level": "None",
+        "symptoms": [
+            "Broad emerald-green palmate leaves free from yellow vein network or whitefly colonies",
+            "Vigorous erect stems with prolific yellow flowers having deep red basal spots",
+            "Tender, straight, crisp green okra pods free from borer holes or twisting"
+        ],
+        "treatment": {
+            "immediate_action": ["Pick tender pods every alternate day to stimulate continuous flowering"],
+            "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 19:19:19 NPK + micronutrients every 15 days"],
+            "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
+        },
+        "prevention": ["Scout leaf undersides weekly for early whitefly and jassid emergence"],
+        "expert_consultation_recommended": False
+    }
+}